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The existence of functional biological organization at the level of multi-species communities has long been contested in ecology and evolutionary biology. I found that adding a trophic level to simulated ecological communities enhanced their ability to compete at the community level, increasing the likelihood of one community forcing all or most species in a second community to extinction. Community-level identity emerged within systems of interacting ecological networks, while competitive ability at the community level was enhanced by intense within-community selection pressure. These results suggest a reassessment of the nature of biological organization above the level of species, indicating that the drive toward biological integration, so prominent throughout the history of life, might extend to multi-species communities.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.10.004","issn":"1476945X","usgsCitation":"Wright, C.K., 2008, Ecological community integration increases with added trophic complexity: Ecological Complexity, v. 5, no. 2, p. 140-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.10.004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214709,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.10.004"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a054ae4b0c8380cd50d32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Christopher K.","contributorId":45566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031946,"text":"70031946 - 2008 - Scientific and public responses to the ongoing volcanic crisis at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico: Importance of an effective hazards-warning system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T10:12:05","indexId":"70031946","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scientific and public responses to the ongoing volcanic crisis at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico: Importance of an effective hazards-warning system","docAbstract":"

Volcanic eruptions and other potentially hazardous natural phenomena occur independently of any human actions. However, such phenomena can cause disasters when a society fails to foresee the hazardous manifestations and adopt adequate measures to reduce its vulnerability. One of the causes of such a failure is the lack of a consistent perception of the changing hazards posed by an ongoing eruption, i.e., with members of the scientific community, the Civil Protection authorities and the general public having diverging notions about what is occurring and what may happen. The problem of attaining a perception of risk as uniform as possible in a population measured in millions during an evolving eruption requires searching for communication tools that can describe—as simply as possible—the relations between the level of threat posed by the volcano, and the level of response of the authorities and the public. The hazards-warning system adopted at Popocatépetl Volcano, called the Volcanic Traffic Light Alert System(VTLAS), is a basic communications protocol that translates volcano threat into seven levels of preparedness for the emergency-management authorities, but only three levels of alert for the public (color coded green–yellow–red). The changing status of the volcano threat is represented as the most likely scenarios according to the opinions of an official scientific committee analyzing all available data. The implementation of the VTLAS was intended to reduce the possibility of ambiguous interpretations of intermediate levels by the endangered population. Although the VTLAS is imperfect and has not solved all problems involved in mass communication and decision-making during a volcanic crisis, it marks a significant advance in the management of volcanic crises in Mexico.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.002","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"De la Cruz-Reyna, S., and Tilling, R.I., 2008, Scientific and public responses to the ongoing volcanic crisis at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico: Importance of an effective hazards-warning system: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 170, no. 1-2, p. 121-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.002.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"134","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.002"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Popocatepetl Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.68675231933594,\n 18.977727312447804\n ],\n [\n -98.68675231933594,\n 19.073799352002716\n ],\n [\n -98.55422973632812,\n 19.073799352002716\n ],\n [\n -98.55422973632812,\n 18.977727312447804\n ],\n [\n -98.68675231933594,\n 18.977727312447804\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"170","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8780e4b08c986b3164ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De la Cruz-Reyna, Servando","contributorId":67650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De la Cruz-Reyna","given":"Servando","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":433836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031945,"text":"70031945 - 2008 - The dams come down: Unchaining U.S. Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-18T21:17:03.472553","indexId":"70031945","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The dams come down: Unchaining U.S. Rivers","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","usgsCitation":"O'Connor, J., Major, J.J., and Grant, G., 2008, The dams come down: Unchaining U.S. Rivers: Geotimes, v. 53, no. 3, p. 22-28.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa7de4b08c986b32285d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Connor, J.","contributorId":49586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, G.","contributorId":35966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031944,"text":"70031944 - 2008 - Evaluation of a nonlethal technique for determining sex of freshwater mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031944","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a nonlethal technique for determining sex of freshwater mussels","docAbstract":"The shells of most North American freshwater mussel species are not sexually dimorphic. During the brooding period, gravid females can be identified by inspection of marsupial gills; however, it is difficult to separate nongravid females from males in species lacking sexual dimorphism. The ability to differentiate males from females throughout the year would assist mussel conservation and research. Our objective was to test the accuracy and safety of a method to determine the sex of live mussels. We used a syringe to extract ???0.2 mL of gonadal fluid from 67 Elliptio dilatata and 65 Actinonaias ligamentina. The fluid was stained and examined microscopically for developing gametes. This method was safe and effective for determining the sex of mussels. After 1 y, survival was indistinguishable between test and control groups for both species. We sacrificed 4 to 7 E. dilatata and A. ligamentina at 3-mo intervals and examined histological sections of gonads. Sex assigned from examination of gonadal fluid and histological sections agreed in most cases (E. dilatata: 100%, A. ligamentina: 89%). ?? 2008 by The North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/07-004R.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Saha, S., and Layzer, J., 2008, Evaluation of a nonlethal technique for determining sex of freshwater mussels: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 27, no. 1, p. 84-89, https://doi.org/10.1899/07-004R.1.","startPage":"84","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/07-004R.1"},{"id":242389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c34e4b0c8380cd52a93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saha, S.","contributorId":93719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saha","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Layzer, J.B.","contributorId":53878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layzer","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031750,"text":"70031750 - 2008 - Pathology, physiologic parameters, tissue contaminants, and tissue thiamine in morbid and healthy central Florida adult American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70031750","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathology, physiologic parameters, tissue contaminants, and tissue thiamine in morbid and healthy central Florida adult American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)","docAbstract":"An investigation of adult alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) mortalities in Lake Griffin, central Florida, was conducted from 1998-2004. Alligator mortality was highest in the months of April and May and annual death count peaked in 2000. Bacterial pathogens, heavy metals, and pesticides were not linked with the mortalities. Blood chemistry did not point to any clinical diagnosis, although differences between impaired and normal animals were noted. Captured alligators with signs of neurologic impairment displayed unresponsive and uncoordinated behavior. Three of 21 impaired Lake Griffin alligators were found to have neural lesions characteristic of thiamine deficiency in the telencephalon, particularly the dorsal ventricular ridge. In some cases, lesions were found in the thalamus, and parts of the midbrain. Liver and muscle tissue concentrations of thiamine (vitamin B\"1) were lowest in impaired Lake Griffin alligators when compared to unimpaired alligators or to alligators from Lake Woodruff. The consumption of thiaminase-positive gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) is thought to have been the cause of the low tissue thiamine and resulting mortalities. ?? Wildlife Disease Association 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Honeyfield, D., Ross, J., Carbonneau, D., Terrell, S., Woodward, A., Schoeb, T., Perceval, H., and Hinterkopf, J.P., 2008, Pathology, physiologic parameters, tissue contaminants, and tissue thiamine in morbid and healthy central Florida adult American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis): Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 44, no. 2, p. 280-294.","startPage":"280","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75a9e4b0c8380cd77c80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Honeyfield, D. C. 0000-0003-3034-2047","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-2047","contributorId":73136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeyfield","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, J.P.","contributorId":37519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carbonneau, D.A.","contributorId":78548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carbonneau","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Terrell, S.P.","contributorId":71763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woodward, A.R.","contributorId":81061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schoeb, T. R.","contributorId":73550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoeb","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Perceval, H.F.","contributorId":41219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perceval","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hinterkopf, J. P.","contributorId":11145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinterkopf","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70031943,"text":"70031943 - 2008 - Spatiotemporal dynamics of black-tailed prairie dog colonies affected by plague","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031943","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of black-tailed prairie dog colonies affected by plague","docAbstract":"Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are a key component of the disturbance regime in semi-arid grasslands of central North America. Many studies have compared community and ecosystem characteristics on prairie dog colonies to grasslands without prairie dogs, but little is known about landscape-scale patterns of disturbance that prairie dog colony complexes may impose on grasslands over long time periods. We examined spatiotemporal dynamics in two prairie dog colony complexes in southeastern Colorado (Comanche) and northcentral Montana (Phillips County) that have been strongly influenced by plague, and compared them to a complex unaffected by plague in northwestern Nebraska (Oglala). Both plague-affected complexes exhibited substantial spatiotemporal variability in the area occupied during a decade, in contrast to the stability of colonies in the Oglala complex. However, the plague-affected complexes differed in spatial patterns of colony movement. Colonies in the Comanche complex in shortgrass steppe shifted locations over a decade. Only 10% of the area occupied in 1995 was still occupied by prairie dogs in 2006. In 2005 and 2006 respectively, 74 and 83% of the total area of the Comanche complex occurred in locations that were not occupied in 1995, and only 1% of the complex was occupied continuously over a decade. In contrast, prairie dogs in the Phillips County complex in mixed-grass prairie and sagebrush steppe primarily recolonized previously occupied areas after plague-induced colony declines. In Phillips County, 62% of the area occupied in 1993 was also occupied by prairie dogs in 2004, and 12% of the complex was occupied continuously over a decade. Our results indicate that plague accelerates spatiotemporal movement of prairie dog colonies, and have significant implications for landscape-scale effects of prairie dog disturbance on grassland composition and productivity. These findings highlight the need to combine landscape-scale measures of habitat suitability with long-term measures of colony locations to understand the role of plague-affected prairie dogs as a grassland disturbance process. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10980-007-9175-6","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Augustine, D., Matchett, M., Toombs, T., Cully, J., Johnson, T.L., and Sidle, J.G., 2008, Spatiotemporal dynamics of black-tailed prairie dog colonies affected by plague: Landscape Ecology, v. 23, no. 3, p. 255-267, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9175-6.","startPage":"255","endPage":"267","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214645,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9175-6"},{"id":242388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94cae4b08c986b31ac50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Augustine, D.J.","contributorId":43563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Augustine","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matchett, Marc R.","contributorId":53121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"Marc R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toombs, T.P.","contributorId":21778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toombs","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cully, J.F. Jr.","contributorId":51041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cully","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, T. L.","contributorId":91062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sidle, John G.","contributorId":77099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031941,"text":"70031941 - 2008 - Dissolved oxygen transfer to sediments by sweep and eject motions in aquatic environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031941","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved oxygen transfer to sediments by sweep and eject motions in aquatic environments","docAbstract":"Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were quantified near the sediment-water interface to evaluate DO transfer to sediments in a laboratory recirculating flume and open channel under varying fluid-flow conditions. DO concentration fluctuations were observed within the diffusive sublayer, as defined by the time-averaged DO concentration gradient near the sediment-water interface. Evaluation of the DO concentration fluctuations along with detailed fluid-flow characterizations were used to quantify quasi-periodic sweep and eject motions (bursting events) near the sediments. Bursting events dominated the Reynolds shear stresses responsible for momentum and mass fluctuations near the sediment bed. Two independent methods for detecting bursting events using DO concentration and velocity data produced consistent results. The average time between bursting events was scaled with wall variables and was incorporated into a similarity model to describe the dimensionless mass transfer coefficient (Sherwood number, Sh) in terms of the Reynolds number, Re, and Schmidt number, Sc, which described transport in the flow. The scaling of bursting events was employed with the similarity model to quantify DO transfer to sediments and results showed a high degree of agreement with experimental data. ?? 2008, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, B., and Hondzo, M., 2008, Dissolved oxygen transfer to sediments by sweep and eject motions in aquatic environments: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 53, no. 2, p. 566-578.","startPage":"566","endPage":"578","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a023ce4b0c8380cd4ff72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, B.L.","contributorId":24977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hondzo, Miki","contributorId":11816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hondzo","given":"Miki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12693,"text":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering and St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Minneapolis, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":433819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031939,"text":"70031939 - 2008 - Effects of climate and land management change on streamflow in the driftless area of Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:19:33","indexId":"70031939","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climate and land management change on streamflow in the driftless area of Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Baseflow and precipitation in the Kickapoo River Watershed, located in the Driftless Area of Wisconsin, exhibit a step increase around 1970, similar to minimum and median flows in many other central and eastern USA streams. Potential effects on streamflow due to climatic and land management changes were evaluated by comparing volumetric changes in the hydrologic budget before and after 1970. Increases in precipitation do not fully account for the increase in baseflow, which appears to be offset by a volumetric decrease in stormflow. This suggests that factors that influence the partitioning of precipitation into overland runoff or infiltration have changed. A transition from relatively more intensive to relatively less intensive agricultural land use is generally associated with higher infiltration rates, and likely influences partitioning of flow. Changes in agricultural land management practices in the Driftless Area, which began in the mid-1930s, do not coincide with the abrupt increase in baseflow around 1970. Instead, the timing of hydrologic change appears to coincide with changes in precipitation, whereas the magnitude of the change in baseflow and stormflow was likely amplified by changes in agricultural land management. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.010","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Juckem, P., Hunt, R.J., Anderson, M.P., and Robertson, D.M., 2008, Effects of climate and land management change on streamflow in the driftless area of Wisconsin: Journal of Hydrology, v. 355, no. 1-4, p. 123-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.010.","startPage":"123","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215051,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.010"}],"volume":"355","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06ade4b0c8380cd5137e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juckem, P. F.","contributorId":24819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Marilyn P.","contributorId":102970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030546,"text":"70030546 - 2008 - Probabilistic seismic hazard in the San Francisco Bay area based on a simplified viscoelastic cycle model of fault interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70030546","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic seismic hazard in the San Francisco Bay area based on a simplified viscoelastic cycle model of fault interactions","docAbstract":"We construct a viscoelastic cycle model of plate boundary deformation that includes the effect of time-dependent interseismic strain accumulation, coseismic strain release, and viscoelastic relaxation of the substrate beneath the seismogenic crust. For a given fault system, time-averaged stress changes at any point (not on a fault) are constrained to zero; that is, kinematic consistency is enforced for the fault system. The dates of last rupture, mean recurrence times, and the slip distributions of the (assumed) repeating ruptures are key inputs into the viscoelastic cycle model. This simple formulation allows construction of stress evolution at all points in the plate boundary zone for purposes of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Stress evolution is combined with a Coulomb failure stress threshold at representative points on the fault segments to estimate the times of their respective future ruptures. In our PSHA we consider uncertainties in a four-dimensional parameter space: the rupture peridocities, slip distributions, time of last earthquake (for prehistoric ruptures) and Coulomb failure stress thresholds. We apply this methodology to the San Francisco Bay region using a recently determined fault chronology of area faults. Assuming single-segment rupture scenarios, we find that fature rupture probabilities of area faults in the coming decades are the highest for the southern Hayward, Rodgers Creek, and northern Calaveras faults. This conclusion is qualitatively similar to that of Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, but the probabilities derived here are significantly higher. Given that fault rupture probabilities are highly model-dependent, no single model should be used to assess to time-dependent rupture probabilities. We suggest that several models, including the present one, be used in a comprehensive PSHA methodology, as was done by Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005227","issn":"01480","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., and Schwartz, D.P., 2008, Probabilistic seismic hazard in the San Francisco Bay area based on a simplified viscoelastic cycle model of fault interactions: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005227.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476717,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jb005227","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212156,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005227"}],"volume":"113","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c9de4b0c8380cd7e7b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031937,"text":"70031937 - 2008 - Rainfall effects on rare annual plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:05:08","indexId":"70031937","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainfall effects on rare annual plants","docAbstract":"
  1. Variation in climate is predicted to increase over much of the planet this century. Forecasting species persistence with climate change thus requires understanding of how populations respond to climate variability, and the mechanisms underlying this response. Variable rainfall is well known to drive fluctuations in annual plant populations, yet the degree to which population response is driven by between-year variation in germination cueing, water limitation or competitive suppression is poorly understood.
  2. We used demographic monitoring and population models to examine how three seed banking, rare annual plants of the California Channel Islands respond to natural variation in precipitation and their competitive environments. Island plants are particularly threatened by climate change because their current ranges are unlikely to overlap regions that are climatically favourable in the future.
  3. Species showed 9 to 100-fold between-year variation in plant density over the 5–12 years of censusing, including a severe drought and a wet El Niño year. During the drought, population sizes were low for all species. However, even in non-drought years, population sizes and per capita growth rates showed considerable temporal variation, variation that was uncorrelated with total rainfall. These population fluctuations were instead correlated with the temperature after the first major storm event of the season, a germination cue for annual plants.
  4. Temporal variation in the density of the focal species was uncorrelated with the total vegetative cover in the surrounding community, suggesting that variation in competitive environments does not strongly determine population fluctuations. At the same time, the uncorrelated responses of the focal species and their competitors to environmental variation may favour persistence via the storage effect.
  5. Population growth rate analyses suggested differential endangerment of the focal annuals. Elasticity analyses and life table response experiments indicated that variation in germination has the same potential as the seeds produced per germinant to drive variation in population growth rates, but only the former was clearly related to rainfall.
  6. Synthesis. Our work suggests that future changes in the timing and temperatures associated with the first major rains, acting through germination, may more strongly affect population persistence than changes in season-long rainfall.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01375.x","issn":"00220477","usgsCitation":"Levine, J., McEachern, A.K., and Cowan, C., 2008, Rainfall effects on rare annual plants: Journal of Ecology, v. 96, no. 4, p. 795-806, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01375.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"795","endPage":"806","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476770,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01375.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215023,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01375.x"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a945ce4b0c8380cd8136c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levine, J.M.","contributorId":77748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levine","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEachern, A. K.","contributorId":29777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowan, C.","contributorId":46777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowan","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031936,"text":"70031936 - 2008 - Density currents in the Chicago River: Characterization, effects on water quality, and potential sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70031936","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density currents in the Chicago River: Characterization, effects on water quality, and potential sources","docAbstract":"Bidirectional flows in a river system can occur under stratified flow conditions and in addition to creating significant errors in discharge estimates, the upstream propagating currents are capable of transporting contaminants and affecting water quality. Detailed field observations of bidirectional flows were made in the Chicago River in Chicago, Illinois in the winter of 2005-06. Using multiple acoustic Doppler current profilers simultaneously with a water-quality profiler, the formation of upstream propagating density currents within the Chicago River both as an underflow and an overflow was observed on three occasions. Density differences driving the flow primarily arise from salinity differences between intersecting branches of the Chicago River, whereas water temperature is secondary in the creation of these currents. Deicing salts appear to be the primary source of salinity in the North Branch of the Chicago River, entering the waterway through direct runoff and effluent from a wastewater-treatment plant in a large metropolitan area primarily served by combined sewers. Water-quality assessments of the Chicago River may underestimate (or overestimate) the impairment of the river because standard water-quality monitoring practices do not account for density-driven underflows (or overflows). Chloride concentrations near the riverbed can significantly exceed concentrations at the river surface during underflows indicating that full-depth parameter profiles are necessary for accurate water-quality assessments in urban environments where application of deicing salt is common.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.011","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Jackson, P., Garcia, C., Oberg, K.A., Johnson, K., and Garcia, M., 2008, Density currents in the Chicago River: Characterization, effects on water quality, and potential sources: Science of the Total Environment, v. 401, no. 1-3, p. 130-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.011.","startPage":"130","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476769,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2250","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214993,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.011"},{"id":242755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"401","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fea4e4b0c8380cd4ee40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, P.R.","contributorId":68552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, C.M.","contributorId":84159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oberg, K. A.","contributorId":67553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, K. K.","contributorId":70871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garcia, M.H.","contributorId":45079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031928,"text":"70031928 - 2008 - Efficacy of algal metrics for assessing nutrient and organic enrichment in flowing waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T13:21:07","indexId":"70031928","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of algal metrics for assessing nutrient and organic enrichment in flowing waters","docAbstract":"

1. Algal-community metrics were calculated for periphyton samples collected from 976 streams and rivers by the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Programme during 1993–2001 to evaluate national and regional relations with water chemistry and to compare whether algal-metric values differ significantly among undeveloped and developed land-use classifications.

\n

2. Algal metrics with significant positive correlations with nutrient concentrations included indicators of trophic condition, organic enrichment, salinity, motility and taxa richness. The relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing algae was negatively correlated with nitrogen concentrations, and the abundance of diatom species associated with high dissolved oxygen concentrations was negatively correlated with both nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Median algal-metric values and nutrient concentrations were significantly lower at undeveloped sites than those draining agricultural or urban catchments.

\n

3. Total algal biovolume did not differ significantly among major river catchments or land-use classifications, and was only weakly correlated with nitrate (positive) and suspended-sediment (negative) concentrations. Estimates of periphyton chlorophyll a indicated an oligotrophic–mesotrophic boundary of about 21 mg m−2 and a mesotrophic–eutrophic boundary of about 55 mg m−2 based on upper and lower quartiles of the biovolume data distribution.

\n

4. Although algal species tolerance to nutrient and organic enrichment is well documented, additional taxonomic and autecological research on sensitive, endemic algal species would further enhance water-quality assessments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01951.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Porter, S.D., Mueller, D., Spahr, N., Munn, M., and Dubrovsky, N., 2008, Efficacy of algal metrics for assessing nutrient and organic enrichment in flowing waters: Freshwater Biology, v. 53, no. 5, p. 1036-1054, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01951.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1036","endPage":"1054","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214840,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01951.x"}],"volume":"53","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0856e4b0c8380cd51aa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, S. D.","contributorId":8882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, D. K.","contributorId":93525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spahr, N.E.","contributorId":79476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munn, M.D.","contributorId":77908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dubrovsky, N. M.","contributorId":48199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"N. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031926,"text":"70031926 - 2008 - Comparative study of transport processes of nitrogen, phosphorus, and herbicides to streams in five agricultural basins, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:42:48.514946","indexId":"70031926","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative study of transport processes of nitrogen, phosphorus, and herbicides to streams in five agricultural basins, USA","docAbstract":"Agricultural chemical transport to surface water and the linkage to other hydrological compartments, principally ground water, was investigated at five watersheds in semiarid to humid climatic settings. Chemical transport was affected by storm water runoff, soil drainage, irrigation, and how streams were linked to shallow ground water systems. Irrigation practices and timing of chemical use greatly affected nutrient and pesticide transport in the semiarid basins. Irrigation with imported water tended to increase ground water and chemical transport, whereas the use of locally pumped irrigation water may eliminate connections between streams and ground water, resulting in lower annual loads. Drainage pathways in humid environments are important because the loads may be transported in tile drains, or through varying combinations of ground water discharge, and overland flow. In most cases, overland flow contributed the greatest loads, but a significant portion of the annual load of nitrate and some pesticide degradates can be transported under base-flow conditions. The highest basin yields for nitrate were measured in a semiarid irrigated system that used imported water and in a stream dominated by tile drainage in a humid environment. Pesticide loads, as a percent of actual use (LAPU), showed the effects of climate and geohydrologic conditions. The LAPU values in the semiarid study basin in Washington were generally low because most of the load was transported in ground water discharge to the stream. When herbicides are applied during the rainy season in a semiarid setting, such as simazine in the California basin, LAPU values are similar to those in the Midwest basins. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0408","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., Ator, S., Coupe, R., McCarthy, K., Lampe, D., Sandstrom, M.W., and Baker, N., 2008, Comparative study of transport processes of nitrogen, phosphorus, and herbicides to streams in five agricultural basins, USA: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 1158-1169, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0408.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1158","endPage":"1169","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f82ae4b0c8380cd4cf01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ator, S. 0000-0002-9186-4837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":59645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coupe, R.","contributorId":11841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCarthy, K.","contributorId":48287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lampe, D.","contributorId":96105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lampe","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baker, N.","contributorId":37975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031924,"text":"70031924 - 2008 - Representing general theoretical concepts in structural equation models: The role of composite variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031924","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1573,"text":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Representing general theoretical concepts in structural equation models: The role of composite variables","docAbstract":"Structural equation modeling (SEM) holds the promise of providing natural scientists the capacity to evaluate complex multivariate hypotheses about ecological systems. Building on its predecessors, path analysis and factor analysis, SEM allows for the incorporation of both observed and unobserved (latent) variables into theoretically-based probabilistic models. In this paper we discuss the interface between theory and data in SEM and the use of an additional variable type, the composite. In simple terms, composite variables specify the influences of collections of other variables and can be helpful in modeling heterogeneous concepts of the sort commonly of interest to ecologists. While long recognized as a potentially important element of SEM, composite variables have received very limited use, in part because of a lack of theoretical consideration, but also because of difficulties that arise in parameter estimation when using conventional solution procedures. In this paper we present a framework for discussing composites and demonstrate how the use of partially-reduced-form models can help to overcome some of the parameter estimation and evaluation problems associated with models containing composites. Diagnostic procedures for evaluating the most appropriate and effective use of composites are illustrated with an example from the ecological literature. It is argued that an ability to incorporate composite variables into structural equation models may be particularly valuable in the study of natural systems, where concepts are frequently multifaceted and the influence of suites of variables are often of interest. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10651-007-0047-7","issn":"13528505","usgsCitation":"Grace, J., and Bollen, K., 2008, Representing general theoretical concepts in structural equation models: The role of composite variables: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 15, no. 2, p. 191-213, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10651-007-0047-7.","startPage":"191","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214773,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10651-007-0047-7"},{"id":242523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa883e4b0c8380cd8594e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bollen, K.A.","contributorId":35143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollen","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031923,"text":"70031923 - 2008 - Are fractal dimensions of the spatial distribution of mineral deposits meaningful?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031923","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are fractal dimensions of the spatial distribution of mineral deposits meaningful?","docAbstract":"It has been proposed that the spatial distribution of mineral deposits is bifractal. An implication of this property is that the number of deposits in a permissive area is a function of the shape of the area. This is because the fractal density functions of deposits are dependent on the distance from known deposits. A long thin permissive area with most of the deposits in one end, such as the Alaskan porphyry permissive area, has a major portion of the area far from known deposits and consequently a low density of deposits associated with most of the permissive area. On the other hand, a more equi-dimensioned permissive area, such as the Arizona porphyry permissive area, has a more uniform density of deposits. Another implication of the fractal distribution is that the Poisson assumption typically used for estimating deposit numbers is invalid. Based on datasets of mineral deposits classified by type as inputs, the distributions of many different deposit types are found to have characteristically two fractal dimensions over separate non-overlapping spatial scales in the range of 5-1000 km. In particular, one typically observes a local dimension at spatial scales less than 30-60 km, and a regional dimension at larger spatial scales. The deposit type, geologic setting, and sample size influence the fractal dimensions. The consequence of the geologic setting can be diminished by using deposits classified by type. The crossover point between the two fractal domains is proportional to the median size of the deposit type. A plot of the crossover points for porphyry copper deposits from different geologic domains against median deposit sizes defines linear relationships and identifies regions that are significantly underexplored. Plots of the fractal dimension can also be used to define density functions from which the number of undiscovered deposits can be estimated. This density function is only dependent on the distribution of deposits and is independent of the definition of the permissive area. Density functions for porphyry copper deposits appear to be significantly different for regions in the Andes, Mexico, United States, and western Canada. Consequently, depending on which regional density function is used, quite different estimates of numbers of undiscovered deposits can be obtained. These fractal properties suggest that geologic studies based on mapping at scales of 1:24,000 to 1:100,000 may not recognize processes that are important in the formation of mineral deposits at scales larger than the crossover points at 30-60 km. ?? 2008 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-008-9067-8","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., 2008, Are fractal dimensions of the spatial distribution of mineral deposits meaningful?: Natural Resources Research, v. 17, no. 2, p. 87-97, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-008-9067-8.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-008-9067-8"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed5be4b0c8380cd4976a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, G. L.","contributorId":90720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"G.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031922,"text":"70031922 - 2008 - Evidence for fish dispersal from spatial analysis of stream network topology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031922","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for fish dispersal from spatial analysis of stream network topology","docAbstract":"Developing spatially explicit conservation strategies for stream fishes requires an understanding of the spatial structure of dispersal within stream networks. We explored spatial patterns of stream fish dispersal by evaluating how the size and proximity of connected streams (i.e., stream network topology) explained variation in fish assemblage structure and how this relationship varied with local stream size. We used data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program in wadeable streams of the Mid-Atlantic Highlands region (n = 308 sites). We quantified stream network topology with a continuous analysis based on the rate of downstream flow accumulation from sites and with a discrete analysis based on the presence of mainstem river confluences (i.e., basin area >250 km2) within 20 fluvial km (fkm) from sites. Continuous variation in stream network topology was related to local species richness within a distance of ???10 fkm, suggesting an influence of fish dispersal within this spatial grain. This effect was explained largely by catostomid species, cyprinid species, and riverine species, but was not explained by zoogeographic regions, ecoregions, sampling period, or spatial autocorrelation. Sites near mainstem river confluences supported greater species richness and abundance of catostomid, cyprinid, and ictalurid fishes than did sites >20 fkm from such confluences. Assemblages at sites on the smallest streams were not related to stream network topology, consistent with the hypothesis that local stream size regulates the influence of regional dispersal. These results demonstrate that the size and proximity of connected streams influence the spatial distribution of fish and suggest that these influences can be incorporated into the designs of stream bioassessments and reserves to enhance management efficacy. ?? 2008 by The North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/07-096.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Hitt, N., and Angermeier, P., 2008, Evidence for fish dispersal from spatial analysis of stream network topology: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 27, no. 2, p. 304-320, https://doi.org/10.1899/07-096.1.","startPage":"304","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214741,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/07-096.1"},{"id":242491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d3fe4b0c8380cd52ed5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hitt, N.P. 0000-0002-1046-4568","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":101466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"N.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031921,"text":"70031921 - 2008 - Gender identification of Caspian Terns using external morphology and discriminant function analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-02T08:46:00","indexId":"70031921","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gender identification of Caspian Terns using external morphology and discriminant function analysis","docAbstract":"Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia) plumage characteristics are sexually monochromatic and gender cannot easily be distinguished in the field without extensive behavioral observations. We assessed sexual size dimorphism and developed a discriminant function to assign gender in Caspian Terns based on external morphology. We collected and measured Caspian Terns in San Francisco Bay, California, and confirmed their gender based on necropsy and genetic analysis. Of the eight morphological measurements we examined, only bill depth at the gonys and head plus bill length differed between males and females with males being larger than females. A discriminant function using both bill depth at the gonys and head plus bill length accurately assigned gender of 83% of terns for which gender was known. We improved the accuracy of our discriminant function to 90% by excluding individuals that had less than a 75% posterior probability of correctly being assigned to gender. Caspian Terns showed little sexual size dimorphism in many morphometries, but our results indicate they can be reliably assigned to gender in the field using two morphological measurements.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1676/07-061.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Takekawa, J.Y., Bluso, J., Yee, J., and Eagles-Smith, C.A., 2008, Gender identification of Caspian Terns using external morphology and discriminant function analysis: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 120, no. 2, p. 378-383, https://doi.org/10.1676/07-061.1.","startPage":"378","endPage":"383","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214707,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/07-061.1"},{"id":242455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14f4e4b0c8380cd54c3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bluso, J.D.","contributorId":17033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bluso","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yee, J.L.","contributorId":25496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031920,"text":"70031920 - 2008 - Temporal downscaling of decadal sediment load estimates to a daily interval for use in hindcast simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:50:12","indexId":"70031920","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal downscaling of decadal sediment load estimates to a daily interval for use in hindcast simulations","docAbstract":"In this study we used hydrologic proxies to develop a daily sediment load time-series, which agrees with decadal sediment load estimates, when integrated. Hindcast simulations of bathymetric change in estuaries require daily sediment loads from major tributary rivers, to capture the episodic delivery of sediment during multi-day freshwater flow pulses. Two independent decadal sediment load estimates are available for the Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta, California prior to 1959, but they must be downscaled to a daily interval for use in hindcast models. Daily flow and sediment load data to the Delta are available after 1930 and 1959, respectively, but bathymetric change simulations for San Francisco Bay prior to this require a method to generate daily sediment load estimates into the Delta. We used two historical proxies, monthly rainfall and unimpaired flow magnitudes, to generate monthly unimpaired flows to the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta for the 1851-1929 period. This step generated the shape of the monthly hydrograph. These historical monthly flows were compared to unimpaired monthly flows from the modern era (1967-1987), and a least-squares metric selected a modern water year analogue for each historical water year. The daily hydrograph for the modern analogue was then assigned to the historical year and scaled to match the flow volume estimated by dendrochronology methods, providing the correct total flow for the year. We applied a sediment rating curve to this time-series of daily flows, to generate daily sediment loads for 1851-1958. The rating curve was calibrated with the two independent decadal sediment load estimates, over two distinct periods. This novel technique retained the timing and magnitude of freshwater flows and sediment loads, without damping variability or net sediment loads to San Francisco Bay. The time-series represents the hydraulic mining period with sustained periods of increased sediment loads, and a dramatic decrease after 1910, corresponding to a reduction in available mining debris. The analogue selection procedure also permits exploration of the morphological hydrograph concept, where a limited set of hydrographs is used to simulate the same bathymetric change as the actual set of hydrographs. The final daily sediment load time-series and morphological hydrograph concept will be applied as landward boundary conditions for hindcasting simulations of bathymetric change in San Francisco Bay.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.026","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., Knowles, N., and Schoellhamer, D., 2008, Temporal downscaling of decadal sediment load estimates to a daily interval for use in hindcast simulations: Journal of Hydrology, v. 349, no. 3-4, p. 512-523, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.026.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"512","endPage":"523","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":" California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 40.329795743702064\n ],\n [\n -122.78320312499999,\n 39.99395569397331\n ],\n [\n -122.6513671875,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -122.40966796874999,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -121.81640624999999,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -121.48681640624999,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 37.142803443716836\n ],\n [\n -120.9814453125,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -120.82763671875,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -120.56396484375,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -119.83886718750001,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -118.828125,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -118.6083984375,\n 35.17380831799959\n ],\n [\n -118.6083984375,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -118.71826171875,\n 36.29741818650811\n ],\n [\n -119.06982421874999,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -119.77294921874999,\n 37.405073750176925\n ],\n [\n -120.34423828125,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -120.76171875,\n 38.28993659801203\n ],\n [\n -121.46484375,\n 39.45316112807394\n ],\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -122.05810546875,\n 40.66397287638688\n ],\n [\n -122.36572265625,\n 40.81380923056958\n ],\n [\n -122.73925781250001,\n 40.56389453066509\n ],\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 40.329795743702064\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"349","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba509e4b08c986b32076d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowles, N.","contributorId":61212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031919,"text":"70031919 - 2008 - Eruption dynamics at Mount St. Helens imaged from broadband seismic waveforms: Interaction of the shallow magmatic and hydrothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-04T10:19:11","indexId":"70031919","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruption dynamics at Mount St. Helens imaged from broadband seismic waveforms: Interaction of the shallow magmatic and hydrothermal systems","docAbstract":"The current eruption at Mount St. Helens is characterized by dome building and shallow, repetitive, long-period (LP) earthquakes. Waveform cross-correlation reveals remarkable similarity for a majority of the earthquakes over periods of several weeks. Stacked spectra of these events display multiple peaks between 0.5 and 2 Hz that are common to most stations. Lower-amplitude very-long-period (VLP) events commonly accompany the LP events. We model the source mechanisms of LP and VLP events in the 0.5-4 s and 8-40 s bands, respectively, using data recorded in July 2005 with a 19-station temporary broadband network. The source mechanism of the LP events includes: 1) a volumetric component modeled as resonance of a gently NNW-dipping, steam-filled crack located directly beneath the actively extruding part of the new dome and within 100 m of the crater floor and 2) a vertical single force attributed to movement of the overlying dome. The VLP source, which also includes volumetric and single-force components, is 250 m deeper and NNW of the LP source, at the SW edge of the 1980s lava dome. The volumetric component points to the compression and expansion of a shallow, magma-filled sill, which is subparallel to the hydrothermal crack imaged at the LP source, coupled with a smaller component of expansion and compression of a dike. The single-force components are due to mass advection in the magma conduit. The location, geometry and timing of the sources suggest the VLP and LP events are caused by perturbations of a common crack system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005259","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Waite, G., Chouet, B., and Dawson, P., 2008, Eruption dynamics at Mount St. Helens imaged from broadband seismic waveforms: Interaction of the shallow magmatic and hydrothermal systems: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005259.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476811,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jb005259","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214676,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005259"}],"volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a4be4b0c8380cd522be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, G.P.","contributorId":82121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P.B.","contributorId":75934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031918,"text":"70031918 - 2008 - Broadband seismic measurements of degassing activity associated with lava effusion at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-05T12:07:15","indexId":"70031918","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broadband seismic measurements of degassing activity associated with lava effusion at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico","docAbstract":"

From November 1999 through July 2000, a broadband seismic experiment was carried out at Popocatépetl Volcano to record seismic activity over a wide period range (0.04–100 s). We present an overview of the seismicity recorded during this experiment and discuss results of analyses of long-period (LP) and very-long-period (VLP) seismic signals recorded at stations nearest to the crater over a four-month interval December 1999–March 2000. Three families of LP signals (Types-I, II, and III) are identified based on distinctive waveform features observed periods shorter than 1 s, periods longer than 15 s, and within the period range 0.5–2.5 s. Type-I LP events have impulsive first arrivals and exhibit a characteristic harmonic wave train with dominant periods in the 1.4–1.9 s range during the first 10 s of signal. These events are also associated with a remarkable VLP wavelet with period near 30 s. Type-II LP events represent pairs of events occurring in rapid succession and whose signatures are superimposed. These are typically marked by slowly emergent first arrivals and by a characteristic VLP wave train with dominant period near 30 s, made of two successive wavelets whose shapes are quasi-identical to those of the VLP wavelets associated with Type-I events. Type-III LP events represent the most energetic signals observed during our experiment. These have an emergent first arrival and display a harmonic signature with dominant period near 1.1 s. They are dominated by periods in the 0.25–0.35 s band and contain no significant energy at periods longer than 15 s. Hypocentral locations of the three types of LP events obtained from phase picks point to shallow seismic sources clustered at depths shallower than 2 km below the crater floor. Observed variations in volcanic eruptive activity correlate with defined LP families. Most of the observed seismicity consists of Type-I events that occur in association with 1–3-min-long degassing bursts (“exhalations”). Eruptive activity increased in intensity in February, coinciding with an increasing occurrence of Type-II LP events. Type-III events were first observed at the end of February and during March, in coincidence with the formation of a new lava dome. Vulcanian eruptions occurred in April and May. These events typically exhibit broadband signatures extending over the full period range of the sensors and lasting 30–80 min.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.007","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Arciniega-Ceballos, A., Chouet, B.A., Dawson, P., and Asch, G., 2008, Broadband seismic measurements of degassing activity associated with lava effusion at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 170, no. 1-2, p. 12-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.007.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.007"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Popocatepetl Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.68675231933594,\n 18.977727312447804\n ],\n [\n -98.68675231933594,\n 19.073799352002716\n ],\n [\n -98.55422973632812,\n 19.073799352002716\n ],\n [\n -98.55422973632812,\n 18.977727312447804\n ],\n [\n -98.68675231933594,\n 18.977727312447804\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"170","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f287e4b0c8380cd4b21b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arciniega-Ceballos, Alejandra","contributorId":57740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arciniega-Ceballos","given":"Alejandra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Phillip","contributorId":95405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asch, Guenter","contributorId":25374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"Guenter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030582,"text":"70030582 - 2008 - Dry down impacts on apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) demography: Implications for wetland water management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030582","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dry down impacts on apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) demography: Implications for wetland water management","docAbstract":"Florida apple snails (Pomacea paludosa Say) are prey for several wetland-dependent predators, most notably for the endangered Florida snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis Vieillot). Management concerns for kites have been raised regarding the impacts of wetland dry downs on snails, but little data exists to validate these concerns. We simulated drying events in experimental tanks, where we observed that snail survival patterns, regardless of hydrology, were driven by a post-reproductive die off. In contrast to earlier reports of little to no dry down tolerance, we found that 70% of pre-reproductive adult-sized snails survived a 12-week dry down. Smaller size classes of snails exhibited significantly lower survival rates (< 50% after eight weeks dry). Field surveys showed that 77% of egg production occurs in April-June. Our hydrologic analyses of six peninsular Florida wetlands showed that most dry downs overlapped a portion of the peak snail breeding season, and 70% of dry downs were ??? 12 weeks in duration. Dry down timing can affect recruitment by truncating annual egg production and stranding juveniles. Dry down survival rates and seasonal patterns of egg cluster production helped define a range of hydrologic conditions that support robust apple snail populations, and illustrate why multiple characteristics of dry down events should be considered in developing target hydrologic regimes for wetland fauna. ?? 2008, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-115.1","issn":"02775","usgsCitation":"Darby, P., Bennetts, R., and Percival, H., 2008, Dry down impacts on apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) demography: Implications for wetland water management: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 1, p. 204-214, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-115.1.","startPage":"204","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211728,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-115.1"},{"id":239073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0402e4b0c8380cd5073b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darby, P.C.","contributorId":101044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darby","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennetts, R.E.","contributorId":103214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennetts","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Percival, H.F.","contributorId":31716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030583,"text":"70030583 - 2008 - The Breccia Museo formation, Campi Flegrei, southern Italy: Geochronology, chemostratigraphy and relationship with the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T14:39:57","indexId":"70030583","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Breccia Museo formation, Campi Flegrei, southern Italy: Geochronology, chemostratigraphy and relationship with the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption","docAbstract":"

The Breccia Museo is one of the most debated volcanic formations of the Campi Flegrei volcanic district. The deposit, made up of six distinctive stratigraphic units, has been interpreted by some as the proximal facies of the major caldera-forming Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, and by others as the product of several, more recent, independent and localized events. New geochemical and chemostratigraphical data and Ar–Ar age determinations for several units of the Breccia Museo deposits (~39 ka), correlate well with the Campanian Ignimbrite-forming eruption. The chemical zoning of the Breccia Museo deposits is interpreted here to be a consequence of a three-stage event that tapped a vertically zoned trachytic magma chamber.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-008-0197-y","issn":"02588","usgsCitation":"Fedele, L., Scarpati, C., Lanphere, M., Melluso, L., Morra, V., Perrotta, A., and Ricci, G., 2008, The Breccia Museo formation, Campi Flegrei, southern Italy: Geochronology, chemostratigraphy and relationship with the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 70, no. 10, p. 1189-1219, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-008-0197-y.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"1189","endPage":"1219","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6aae4b08c986b32122d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fedele, L.","contributorId":89022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedele","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scarpati, C.","contributorId":34726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scarpati","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanphere, M.","contributorId":68034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melluso, L.","contributorId":64039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melluso","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morra, V.","contributorId":101887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morra","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perrotta, A.","contributorId":40430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perrotta","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ricci, G.","contributorId":13115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031916,"text":"70031916 - 2008 - Creation of a continent recorded in zircon zoning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031916","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Creation of a continent recorded in zircon zoning","docAbstract":"We have discovered a robust microcrystalline record of the early genesis of North American lithosphere preserved in the U-Pb age and oxygen isotope zoning of zircons from a lower crustal paragneiss in the Neoarchean Superior province. Detrital igneous zircon cores with ??18O values of 5.1???-7.1??? record creation of primitive to increasingly evolved crust from 2.85 ?? 0.02 Ga to 2.67 ?? 0.02 Ga. Sharp chemical unconformity between cores and higher ??18O (8.4???-10.4???) metamorphic overgrowths as old as 2.66 ?? 0.01 Ga dictates a rapid sequence of arc unroofing, burial of detrital zircons in hydrosphere-altered sediment, and transport to lower crust late in upper plate assembly. The period to 2.58 ?? 0.01 Ga included ???80 m.y. of high-temperature (???700-650 ??C), nearly continuous overgrowth events reflecting stages in maturation of the subjacent mantle root. Huronian continental rifting is recorded by the youngest zircon tip growth at 2512 ?? 8 Ma (??? 600 ??C) signaling magma intraplating and the onset of rigid plate behavior. This >150 m.y. microscopic isotope record in single crystals demonstrates the sluggish volume diffusion of U, Pb, and O in zircon throughout protracted regional metamorphism, and the consequent advances now possible in reconstructing planetary dynamics with zircon zoning. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G24416A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Moser, D., Bowman, J.R., Wooden, J., Valley, J., Mazdab, F., and Kita, N., 2008, Creation of a continent recorded in zircon zoning: Geology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 239-242, https://doi.org/10.1130/G24416A.1.","startPage":"239","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214643,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G24416A.1"},{"id":242386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc9fe4b0c8380cd4e34f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moser, D.E.","contributorId":101897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowman, J. R.","contributorId":29496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J.","contributorId":21736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valley, J.W.","contributorId":28741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valley","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mazdab, F.","contributorId":60453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazdab","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kita, N.","contributorId":98960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kita","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031915,"text":"70031915 - 2008 - Late-stage sulfides and sulfarsenides in Lower Cambrian black shale (stone coal) from the Huangjiawan mine, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031915","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2751,"text":"Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late-stage sulfides and sulfarsenides in Lower Cambrian black shale (stone coal) from the Huangjiawan mine, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China","docAbstract":"The Ni-Mo Huangjiawan mine, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China, occurs in Lower Cambrian black shale (stone coal) in an area where other mines have recently extracted ore from the same horizon. Detailed electron microprobe (EMPA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of representative thin sections have revealed a complex assemblage of sulfides and sulfarsenides. Early sulfidic and phosphatic nodules and host matrix have been lithified, somewhat fractured, and then mineralized with later-stage sulfides and sulfarsenides. Gersdorffite, millerite, polydymite, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, and clausthalite have been recognized. EMPA data are given for the major phases. Pyrite trace-element distributions and coeval Ni-, As-sulfides indicate that in the main ore layer, the last sulfide deposition was Ni-As-Co-rich. Mo and V deposition were early in the petrogenesis of these rocks. The assemblages gersdorffite-millerite-polydymite (pyrite) and millerite-gersdorffite (pyrite) and the composition of gersdorffite indicate a formation temperature of between 200?? and 300??C suggesting that the last solutions to infiltrate and mineralize the samples were related to hydrothermal processes. Environmentally sensitive elements such as As, Cd, and Se are hosted by sulfides and sulfarsenides and are the main source of these elements to residual soil. Crops grown on them are enriched in these elements, and they may be hazardous for animal and human consumption. ?? Springer-Verlag 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00710-007-0201-9","issn":"09300708","usgsCitation":"Belkin, H., and Luo, K., 2008, Late-stage sulfides and sulfarsenides in Lower Cambrian black shale (stone coal) from the Huangjiawan mine, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China: Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 92, no. 3-4, p. 321-340, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-007-0201-9.","startPage":"321","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-007-0201-9"},{"id":242385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a456ce4b0c8380cd672e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luo, K.","contributorId":9057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031913,"text":"70031913 - 2008 - More than 400 million years of evolution and some plants still can't make it on their own: Plant stress tolerance via fungal symbiosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031913","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"More than 400 million years of evolution and some plants still can't make it on their own: Plant stress tolerance via fungal symbiosis","docAbstract":"All plants in natural ecosystems are thought to be symbiotic with mycorrhizal and/or endophytic fungi. Collectively, these fungi express different symbiotic lifestyles ranging from parasitism to mutualism. Analysis of Colletotrichum species indicates that individual isolates can express either parasitic or mutualistic lifestyles depending on the host genotype colonized. The endophyte colonization pattern and lifestyle expression indicate that plants can be discerned as either disease, non-disease, or non-hosts. Fitness benefits conferred by fungi expressing mutualistic lifestyles include biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, growth enhancement, and increased reproductive success. Analysis of plant-endophyte associations in high stress habitats revealed that at least some fungal endophytes confer habitat-specific stress tolerance to host plants. Without the habitat-adapted fungal endophytes, the plants are unable to survive in their native habitats. Moreover, the endophytes have a broad host range encompassing both monocots and eudicots, and confer habitat-specific stress tolerance to both plant groups. ?? The Author [2008]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Botany","language":"English","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erm342","issn":"00220957","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, R., and Redman, R., 2008, More than 400 million years of evolution and some plants still can't make it on their own: Plant stress tolerance via fungal symbiosis, in Journal of Experimental Botany, v. 59, no. 5, p. 1109-1114, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erm342.","startPage":"1109","endPage":"1114","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476708,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erm342","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214612,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erm342"},{"id":242352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e2be4b0c8380cd7083b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, R.","contributorId":83644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redman, R.","contributorId":12602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}