Active volcanic systems pose serious hazards to people and property including inundation and incineration by lava, blanketing by tephra (volcanic ash), exposure to noxious volcanic gases, and damage from shallow earthquakes triggered by ascending molten material (magma). To improve understanding of volcanism and associated seismicity on the western Arabia Plate, the Saudi Geological Survey and the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a multi-year investigation of the northern Harrat Rahat volcanic field adjacent to the city of Al Madīnah al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Project components included creation of a high-resolution digital topographic base; interpretation of eruptive history supported by detailed geologic mapping, paleomagnetism, and abundant high-precision geochronology of volcanic deposits; assessments of eruptive styles and volcanic hazards by physical volcanology; investigation of the origins of magmas in the mantle and of their differentiation in the crust revealed by chemical and isotopic petrology; gravity and magnetotelluric surveys to reveal crustal structures and to search for magma reservoirs; and regional and local seismic tomography and analyses of seismic hazards. Project results are presented in this Professional Paper as chapters written for technical scientific audiences.
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No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Groundwater Project","doi":"10.21083/978-1-77470-040-2","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., Taylor, C., Williams, J., and Paillet, F., 2023, Introduction to karst aquifers, xiii, 216 p., https://doi.org/10.21083/978-1-77470-040-2.","productDescription":"xiii, 216 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119689","costCenters":[{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441335,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.21083/978-1-77470-040-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":424177,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":214542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Charles J.","contributorId":333028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Charles J.","affiliations":[{"id":40489,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":891696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick","contributorId":333029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":891698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70251312,"text":"70251312 - 2023 - Conservation plan for golden eagles in eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T12:21:06.930854","indexId":"70251312","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-29T09:31:25","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Conservation plan for golden eagles in eastern North America","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eastern Golden Eagle Working Group","usgsCitation":"Katzner, T., Miller, T., Dennhardt, A.J., Field, M., Wittig, T., Mojica, E., Lanzone, M., Martell, M., Bailey, R.M., Berry, A., Dillard, R., Brandes, D., Brinker, D.F., Brown, B., Call, E.M., Cooper, J., Duerr, A.E., Farmer, C.J., Felton, S.K., Garvin, J., Gubler, R., Harding, S.R., Jones, M., Kelly, C.A., Kern, H., Kiogima, N., Koppie, C.A., Lemaitre, J., Maddox, M., Mehus, S., Merriman, J., Mitchell, A., Parsons, B., Patrick, E., Pennarola, N.P., Rheude, M., Rucker, C., Rush, S., Schmitz, R., Seltzer, H., Slabe, V.A., Soehren, E.C., and Wills, J., 2023, Conservation plan for golden eagles in eastern North America, 81 p.","productDescription":"81 p.","ipdsId":"IP-157316","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science 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with a distinct white head and tail comes to mind. Rightfully, the bald eagle has garnered much attention as a national symbol of the United States (US), nearly brought to extinction from widespread organochlorine pesticide use (e.g., DDT, dichloro- diphenyl- trichloroethane; Anderson 1972, Baril et al. 2015). Previously listed at the federal level as an endangered species downlisted in 1985 and removed from the list in 2007, the bald eagle has been studied extensively across its range, including 38 years of monitoring in Yellowstone National Park (Yellowstone; YNP). However, a second eagle species, equally magnificent and widely distributed throughout Earth’s northern hemisphere, also resides in YNP but has been relatively neglected in terms of scientific study. Unlike the bald eagle, the golden eagle does not have such conspicuous characteristics - instead it is dark brown throughout with brilliant golden feathers on the back of its head and neck, and subtle gray barring in the tail (Fig. 11.1). The golden eagle is, however, an iconic apex predator tied to human culture through spiritual beliefs, reverence, and, like many other predators, persecution as a result of misunderstanding.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Yellowstone's Birds- Diversity and Abundance in the World's First National Park","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Princeton University Press","isbn":"9780691217833","usgsCitation":"Haines, D.B., Smith, D., Katzner, T., and Dreitz, V.J., 2023, The haunting raptor: Yellowstone’s golden eagles, chap. of Yellowstone's Birds- Diversity and Abundance in the World's First National Park.","ipdsId":"IP-144794","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":425372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691217833/yellowstones-birds"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, David B.","contributorId":333828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haines","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Douglas W.","contributorId":179181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":894007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dreitz, Victoria J.","contributorId":333829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dreitz","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70250565,"text":"sir20235110 - 2023 - Evaluation of stream capture related to groundwater pumping, Lower Humboldt River Basin, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T19:04:03.266175","indexId":"sir20235110","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-29T09:26:16","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5110","displayTitle":"Evaluation of Stream Capture Related to Groundwater Pumping, Lower Humboldt River Basin, Nevada","title":"Evaluation of stream capture related to groundwater pumping, Lower Humboldt River Basin, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Humboldt River Basin is the only river basin that is contained entirely within the State of Nevada. The effect of groundwater pumping on the Humboldt River is not well understood. Tools are needed to determine stream capture and manage groundwater pumping in the Humboldt River Basin. The objective of this study is to estimate capture and storage change caused by groundwater withdrawals in the lower Humboldt River Basin that can provide the Nevada State Engineer with data and information needed to manage groundwater and surface-water resources.
A numerical groundwater flow model was developed for the purpose of estimating stream capture from pre-2016 and future pumping as well as for any location of potential future pumping within the lower Humboldt River Basin. This model was developed using MODFLOW-NWT to represent the lower Humboldt River Basin hydrologic system, including Humboldt River; Rye Patch Reservoir; groundwater evapotranspiration; pumping from municipal, agricultural, mining, and domestic wells; and agricultural drains. Aquifer properties were calibrated using results from numerous single- and multi-well aquifer tests (Nadler, 2020) and through the process of model calibration.
Historical capture was estimated for 1960–2016 and predictive capture for the system was projected 100 years into the future (2017–2116) based on historical pumping patterns. Stream capture and drain capture are relatively low for the historical and predictive periods. During the historical period, increased pumping during dry years caused increased connections with capture sources and less water sourced to wells from aquifer storage. Storage and groundwater levels generally recovered during subsequent wet years. Overall, storage change has been the main source of water to wells in the lower Humboldt River Basin, followed by groundwater evapotranspiration capture. During the predictive period, pumping is projected to remain constant and capture 9 percent of stream water after 100 years.
Capture and storage change maps were created to visualize spatial variability in potential capture and storage change through time and to provide a database of results that can be used to manage groundwater and surface-water resources. These maps show that potential stream capture would be a minor source of water to wells located across most of the simulated area, except for locations close to the Humboldt River and Rye Patch Reservoir. Drains also would be a minor potential source of water to wells except for those directly adjacent to the drains. In general, the potential supply of water to wells is storage-dominated and over time groundwater evapotranspiration-dominated in the agricultural area.
Capture difference maps were generated to visualize where potential capture results might have greater limitations associated with nonlinear flow processes, such as head-dependent boundary conditions. Higher capture differences indicate larger capture map bias and therefore greater capture map uncertainty due to the inability of capture maps to account for nonlinear flow processes. Stream capture differences are highest directly adjacent to the river but are otherwise minimal. Drain capture differences are highest in the region of the agricultural drain network but are otherwise minimal. The Humboldt River, Rye Patch Reservoir, and drains introduce very little nonlinearity to the model, and their associated capture map bias is minimal. Potential groundwater evapotranspiration capture introduces a fair amount of nonlinearity to the model and has the potential to result in significant, localized groundwater evapotranspiration capture map bias over time. Groundwater evapotranspiration capture differences are the result of higher pumping rates lowering the water table below the root zone faster than lower pumping rates and essentially removing groundwater evapotranspiration as a potential source of capture faster than lower pumping rates. Wells that can no longer source their supply through groundwater evapotranspiration capture then generally source more of their water from storage. Thus, storage change bias increases over time as well.
Capture prediction uncertainty due to parameter estimation was evaluated using a covariance matrix adaptation-evolution strategy. One hundred Monte Carlo realizations of model parameters were applied to the model to assess capture uncertainty at 13 grid cell locations within the model domain. In general, results indicated that greater capture uncertainty for a given source (river, drains, or evapotranspiration) is associated with proximity of a pumping well to that source. The magnitude of maximum capture fraction uncertainties after 100 years of pumping for stream capture, drain capture, groundwater evapotranspiration capture, and storage change were plus or minus (±) 0.17, ±0.10, ±0.20, and ±0.22, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235110","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Nadler, C.A., Rybarski, S.C., and Pham, H., 2023, Evaluation of stream capture related to groundwater pumping, Lower Humboldt River Basin, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5110, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235110.","productDescription":"Report: x, 77 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"77","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-093899","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499384,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115938.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":423640,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99DN2R1","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Nadler, C.A., Rybarski, S.C., and Pham, H., 2023, MODFLOW-NWT model and supplementary data used to characterize effects of pumping in Lovelock Valley, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P99DN2R1.","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT Model and Supplementary Data Used to Characterize Effects of Pumping in Lovelock Valley, Nevada"},{"id":423639,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235110/full"},{"id":423635,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5110/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":423637,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5110/sir20235110.xml","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":423636,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5110/sir20235110.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":423638,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5110/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lower Humboldt River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.0,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -119.0,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -118.0,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -118.0,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -119.0,\n 40.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Road
Carson City, Nevada 89701
The Amargosa Wild and Scenic River, located in the southwestern Mojave Desert in Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, California, is a Federally protected waterway that supports the biodiversity of the region. Water in the river primarily comes from interbasin groundwater flow that originates as precipitation in the Spring Mountains. The precipitation enters the regional groundwater system and flows westerly beneath Pahrump, Chicago, and California Valleys before discharging into the Amargosa Wild and Scenic River system. In Pahrump Valley, groundwater discharge occurs as evapotranspiration (ET), spring discharge, and groundwater pumping, and in Chicago and California Valleys, groundwater discharge occurs as ET and spring discharge. Remaining groundwater flows into the Amargosa Wild and Scenic River and its main tributary, the China Ranch Wash, or is discharged from regional springs downgradient from Chicago and California Valleys. The Amargosa Wild and Scenic River and the China Ranch Wash sustain areas of deep-rooted vegetation (phreatophytes) that consume regional groundwater. Discharge from regional springs in the area only flows on the land surface for short distances before seeping back into the ground where the water generally is consumed by evaporation from moist soil or by transpiration of plants. Intermittent Amargosa River flow out of the study area is the only other form of discharge. In arid regions such as the Mojave Desert, groundwater discharge by evapotranspiration (ETg) often is the only significant form of discharge in a regional water budget, and therefore, an estimate of annual ETg is a good approximation of the total annual groundwater discharge. In this study area, however, total annual discharge is annual ETg plus the annual surface-water discharge of the Amargosa River that exits the study area. Therefore, the annual ETg from Chicago and California Valleys and along the Amargosa Wild and Scenic River and the China Ranch Wash, plus the discharge of the Amargosa River, is a good approximation of the total annual groundwater discharge required to sustain the riparian habitats and surface-water flow in the Amargosa Wild and Scenic River.
The Amargosa Conservancy and Inyo County, Calif., are interested in quantifying the total annual groundwater discharge required to sustain the riparian habitats and surface-water flow in the Amargosa Wild and Scenic River and entered into a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey to estimate ETg from the Amargosa Wild and Scenic River study area. The study area consists of open-water bodies, areas with perennially moist soil, and areas with phreatophytes, all of which are discharging regional groundwater in Chicago and California Valleys, along the Amargosa Wild and Scenic River, and in the China Ranch Wash.
Annual ETg for the Amargosa Wild and Scenic River study area is estimated to be 10,139,000 cubic meters. The estimate was determined by delineating boundaries of open water, perennially moist soil, and phreatophytes, multiplying the areas by appropriate site-scale ETg to derive annual ETg for each ET unit, and then adding the annual ETg for all ET units in the GDAs and study area. Boundaries of discharge areas were visually delineated using high-resolution aerial imagery and refined by field verification. Open water and moist soil ETg were estimated in previous investigations, and phreatophyte ETg was estimated from a quadratic relation between site-scale ETg and a vegetation index of the study area. The quadratic relation was derived from four points. Two points were based on the site-scale ETg estimated for this study and two points corresponded to theoretical minimum and maximum points. Site-scale ETg was measured at two ET-monitoring sites using the eddy-covariance method. At one site, located in sparse shrubs, ETg was 0.121 meters per year, and at the other site, located in dense wetland vegetation, ETg was 1.056 meters per year. A scaled normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) that encompasses the study area was created from 0.6-meter resolution multispectral (4-band) aerial imagery from 2020 and was used as an indicator of plant density or cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Amargosa Conservancy and Inyo County, California","programNote":"Water Resources Mission Area","usgsCitation":"Pavelko, M.T., and Damar, N.A., 2023, Groundwater discharge by evapotranspiration from the Amargosa Wild and Scenic River and contributing areas, Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5106, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235106.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 44 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-099682","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science 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Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Road
Carson City, Nevada 89701
Reintroduction of species at sites where populations have been extirpated has become a common technique in wildlife conservation. To track progress towards reintroduction success, effective postrelease monitoring is needed to document vital rates of individuals and the corresponding impact on population trajectories. We assessed growth and body size in Eastern Indigo Snakes (Drymarchon couperi) using a data set from multiple projects across the species' distribution, including free-ranging wild snakes, snakes reared in captive-breeding programs, and snakes released at two reintroduction sites. We used these data to fit a von Bertalanffy growth model in a Bayesian framework to quantify differences in growth among three broad categories of snakes (wild, captive, and reintroduced), while accounting for measurement error across various projects. We also compared changes in body mass of captive-born individuals from four captive rearing facilities. Asymptotic snout–vent length across all groups was 185 cm (95% credible interval = 177–194 cm) for males and 157 cm (95% credible interval = 153–161 cm) for females. Reintroduced snakes had a higher growth coefficient than either captive or wild snakes (e.g., captive females = 1.20 [1.06–1.35] d–1; wild females = 1.22 [0.95–1.49] d–1; reintroduced females = 1.62 [1.21–2.05] d–1), indicating that current captive-breeding and rearing efforts for indigo snakes produce similar or faster growth trends compared to wild populations. Furthermore, daily changes in juvenile body weight relative to body size were similar in three of the four captive rearing facilities (mean for females at Orianne Center for Indigo Conservation = 0.57 [0.48–0.65]; Zoo Atlanta = 0.55 [0.37–0.72]; Welaka National Fish Hatchery = 0.55, [0.36–0.73]; Auburn University = 0.39 [0.21–0.58]). Long-term project success for indigo snake reintroductions will depend on continuing to implement best practices in an adaptive management framework.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1655/Herpetologica-D-22-00041","usgsCitation":"Chandler, H.C., Steen, D., Blue, J., Bogan, J.E., Bolt, M.R., Brady, T., Breininger, D.R., Buening, J., Elliott, M., Godwin, J., Guyer, C., Hill, R.L., Hoffman, M., Hyslop, N.L., Jenkins, C., Lechowicz, C., Moore, M., Moulis, R.A., Piccolomini, S., Redmond, R., Snow, F.H., Stegenga, B.S., Stevenson, D., Stiles, J., Stiles, S., Wallace, M., Waters, J., Wines, M., and Bauder, J.M., 2023, Evaluating growth rates of captive, wild, and reintroduced populations of the imperiled Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon couperi): Herpetologica, v. 79, no. 4, p. 220-230, https://doi.org/10.1655/Herpetologica-D-22-00041.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"230","ipdsId":"IP-146664","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chandler, Houston C.","contributorId":342515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chandler","given":"Houston","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13223,"text":"The Orianne Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steen, David","contributorId":342517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steen","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blue, Jack","contributorId":342519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blue","given":"Jack","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13223,"text":"The Orianne Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bogan, James E.","contributorId":342521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bogan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":81884,"text":"Central Florida Zoo’s Orianne Center for Indigo Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bolt, M. 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0000-0002-2055-5324","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-5324","contributorId":337814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauder","given":"Javan","email":"","middleInitial":"Mathias","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29}]}} ,{"id":70251162,"text":"70251162 - 2023 - Atmospheric correction intercomparison of hyperspectral and multispectral imagery over agricultural study sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-25T13:15:36.730049","indexId":"70251162","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-29T07:14:19","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Atmospheric correction intercomparison of hyperspectral and multispectral imagery over agricultural study sites","docAbstract":"In this research effort we assess the performance of atmospheric correction-based surface reflectance (SR) retrievals from two satellite image sources, one with very high spatial resolution (VHR) (<5-m) and the other high spectral resolution (~10-nm). The VHR images are from MAXARs WorldView-3 (WV3) satellite and the high spectral resolution images are from Agenzia Spaziale Italianas (ASI) PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA) satellite. We use various atmospheric correction (AC) tools to provide intercomparisons of both AC tools and image source SR estimates. The AC tools we evaluated include Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Hypercubes (FLAASH) within ENVI version 4.7, MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN) versions 5.3.3 and 6.0, and ASIs Level-2D correction for PRISMA imagery. Prior to correcting WV3 and PRISMA imagery to SR, we performed manual geometric corrections of imagery as both image sources were found to lack consistent georegistration.\n\nWe performed comparisons at two study sites in Maryland, USA, including the United States Department of Agriculture Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) and an agricultural study site on Marylands Eastern Shore region. For the BARC site, we used WV3 imagery acquired on 2022-04-02 and PRISMA imagery acquired on 2022-04-28, focusing on evaluation of AC tool SR retrieval performance for each image source separately due to large time differences in image acquisitions where SR values are likely impacted by changing field conditions. For the Eastern Shore site, WV3 imagery was acquired on 2022-05-18 and 2022-05-30, and PRISMA imagery was acquired on 2022-05-21, allowing for quantitative evaluation of both AC tool performance and intercomparison between WV3 and PRISMA imagery. Having WV3 imagery acquired before and after PRISMA imagery allows for interpretation of major changes in field conditions and thus, identification of fields to exclude from intercomparisons. For intercomparison assessments, we computed relative percent difference (RPD) between the AC tool SR retrievals. For image source comparisons, 4-m WV3 pixels were resampled to 30-m PRISMA pixels after which 30-m WV3 bands and PRISMA spectra were compared to one another visually for both study sites. To provide rigorous SR retrieval intercomparisons between image sources, PRISMA spectra were resampled to WV3-equivalent bands for RPD computation for the Eastern Shore site.\n\nIn addition to the SR retrieval intercomparisons between the AC tools, we carry out a quasi-validation where we retrieve fractional crop residue cover (fR) from the satellite image sources by calculating established spectral indices (SIs) and calibrating SIs with ground-measured fR acquired within several days of satellite overpasses. These SIs include the Cellulose Absorption Index (CAI) (Nagler et al. 2000), Shortwave Infrared Normalized Difference Residue Index (SINDRI) (Serbin et al. 2009), Lignin-Cellulose Absorption Index (LCAI) (Daughtry et al. 2005), and Lignin-Cellulose Peak Center Difference Index (LCPCDI) (Hively et al. 2021) 1-4. The most accurate crop residue SIs are generally based on shortwave infrared (SWIR) reflectance bands ranging from 2000 nm to 2400 nm that measure dry vegetation lignocellulose absorption features at 2100 and 2300 nm 1-5. For instance, the CAI identifies a 2100 nm cellulose absorption feature with a central band positioned on this feature, and two spectrally adjacent bands at 2040 and 2210 nm, while the LCAI identifies the 2300 nm lignin absorption feature compared to bands at 2165 and 2210 nm. Particular focus on intercomparisons for the SWIR region is critical as atmospheric water, carbon dioxide, and methane impact accurate SR retrieval as shown in Figure 1.a. Our final analysis concludes with the selection of the top-performing AC approach between the WV3 and PRISMA imagery (as indicated by low SR RPD) and then compares PRIMSA and 30-m WV3 imagery with original 4-m WV3 imagery to assess the degree to which spatial resolution impacts the retrieval of fR. Figure 1 provides a comparative example of WV3 and PRISMA imagery used to compute SINDRI which is then calibrated to fR using second order polynomial equations from Hively et al. (2018) 6. Figure 1 fR calibrations will be updated with newly acquired ground survey data from May 2022 to further improve the accuracy of image source and AC tool intercomparisons.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS): Conference Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","publisherLocation":"Pasadena, CA","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS52108.2023.10281710","usgsCitation":"Lamb, B.T., Hively, W.D., Jennewein, J., Thieme, A., and Soroka, A.M., 2023, Atmospheric correction intercomparison of hyperspectral and multispectral imagery over agricultural study sites, in International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS): Conference Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS52108.2023.10281710.","ipdsId":"IP-152772","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamb, Brian T. 0000-0001-7957-5488","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7957-5488","contributorId":291893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Brian","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hively, W. Dean 0000-0002-5383-8064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-8064","contributorId":201565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hively","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dean","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jennewein, Jyoti","contributorId":243442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jennewein","given":"Jyoti","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thieme, Alison","contributorId":237963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thieme","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47661,"text":"University of Maryland, Geographical Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Soroka, Alexander M. 0000-0002-8002-5229","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8002-5229","contributorId":201664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soroka","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70253136,"text":"70253136 - 2023 - Connecting flood-related fluvial erosion and deposition with vulnerable downstream road-stream crossings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-23T12:17:39.530186","indexId":"70253136","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-29T07:14:13","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Connecting flood-related fluvial erosion and deposition with vulnerable downstream road-stream crossings","docAbstract":"Fluvial erosion is increasingly responsible for infrastructure and building damages associated\nwith floods as the intensity of extreme rainfalls hit rural and urban rivers in a variety of climate\nsettings across the United States. Extreme floods in 2016 and 2018 caused widespread culvert\nblockages and road failures, including extensive damage along steep tributaries and ravines in\nthe Marengo River, Wisconsin, watershed during 2016 and 2018. A study conducted by the U.S.\nGeological Survey (USGS), Wisconsin Wetlands Association (WWA), Ashland County, and the\nNorthwest Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (NWRPC) investigated the special\nconcern of fluvial erosion hazards (FEHs) associated with gullying, streamside landslides, and\nthe loss of wetland storage in headwaters. In 2019, a pilot study was begun to map and classify\nephemeral and perennial streams and wetlands in terms of their sensitivity to FEHs. This study\ncombined data from field-based rapid geomorphic assessments (RGAs) coupled with a stream\nnetwork-wide geographic information system (GIS) approach for mapping stream segments,\nreferred to as fluvial process zones (FPZ), sensitive to erosion, deposition, and channel change.\nThe GIS approach used nationally available 10-meter (m) resolution topology and an extended\nstream network to map FPZs based on Strahler stream order, stream power, channel slope,\npresence of adjacent steep valley sides and headwater flats, and adjacent landform setting.\nBankfull channel widths derived from RGA-based hydraulic geometry curves combined with\ndrainage areas, an estimate of bankfull flow, and channel slope were used to calculate specific\nstream power for the FPZs. Lastly, the FPZs were characterized by their location within three\nmajor landform settings that affect erosion potential. The resulting vulnerability maps provided\na screening framework to identify FPZs that are sensitive to incision, gullying and mass wasting\nalong steep headwater ephemeral channels, as well as downstream perennial channels that have\nthe potential for valley-side landslides, coarse sediment deposition, and channel change. Lastly,\neach FPZ was characterized in terms of hydrologic alteration associated with ditching. The\nvulnerability mapping products and rankings of sensitivity of FPZs will ultimately be used by\nAshland County and their collaborators to prioritize natural flood management projects that\nmitigate FEHs, restore hydrology, and reconnect channels with adjacent wetlands and\nfloodplains.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Federal Interagency Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling Conference (SedHyd) 2023 Conference Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Federal Interagency Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling Conference","conferenceDate":"May 8-12, 2023","conferenceLocation":"St. Louis, MO","language":"English","publisher":"SEDHYD Conference Proceedings","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., Magyera, K.H., Laumann, J., Larson, C., Rockwood, S., Dantoin, E.D., Hollenhorst, T., Krumwiede, B., Nelson, B.R., Prokopec, J., and Johnson, K.E., 2023, Connecting flood-related fluvial erosion and deposition with vulnerable downstream road-stream crossings, in Federal Interagency Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling Conference (SedHyd) 2023 Conference Proceedings, St. Louis, MO, May 8-12, 2023, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152230","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428025,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/2023Program/1/206.pdf"},{"id":428053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Marengo River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.38270139201421,\n 46.7339329743686\n ],\n [\n -91.38270139201421,\n 46.04415426363366\n ],\n [\n -90.60807272808239,\n 46.04415426363366\n ],\n [\n 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publication summarizing USGS publications in collaboration with Water Institute that are being used to inform Louisiana coastal policy.","language":"English","publisher":"The Water Institute","usgsCitation":"Carruthers, T., Stagg, C., and Baustian, M.M., 2023, Preparing for future changes: Louisiana's Coast, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154055","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://thewaterinstitute.org/assets/docs/projects/Preparing-for-Future-Changes_Louisianas-Coast.pdf"},{"id":425213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.97306243382174,\n 30.88442750316527\n ],\n [\n -93.97306243382174,\n 28.903476655507575\n ],\n [\n -88.96329680882178,\n 28.903476655507575\n ],\n [\n -88.96329680882178,\n 30.88442750316527\n ],\n [\n -93.97306243382174,\n 30.88442750316527\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carruthers, Timothy","contributorId":333742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carruthers","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16216,"text":"Water Institute of the Gulf","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stagg, Camille 0000-0002-1125-7253","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":206064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baustian, Melissa Millman 0000-0003-2467-2533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-2533","contributorId":304015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baustian","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"Millman","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70250964,"text":"70250964 - 2023 - Bedform distributions and dynamics in a large, channelized river: Implications for benthic ecological processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-17T13:13:13.793676","indexId":"70250964","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-29T07:09:57","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Bedform distributions and dynamics in a large, channelized river: Implications for benthic ecological processes","docAbstract":"Sand bedforms are fundamental habitat elements for benthic fish in large, sand-bedded rivers and are hypothesized to provide flow refugia, food transport, and ecological disturbance. We explored bedform distributions and dynamics in the Lower Missouri River, Missouri, with the objective of understanding the implications of these features for benthic fish habitat, particularly for the endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) during their early life stages. We mapped bathymetry in a 3-kilometer-long reach of the highly engineered Lower Missouri River 22 times over a three-year period from 2019-2021 using a multibeam echosounder. Surveys included precise water surface and bed elevations over discharges ranging from 1,360-8,550 cubic meters per second. This included weekly surveys during a large flood event with a peak of 9,290 cubic meters per second in the spring and summer of 2019. Velocity was mapped with an acoustic Doppler current profiler during 11 of the 22 multibeam surveys. The dataset illustrates how bedforms are distributed in a typical Missouri River reach and how they evolve with changes in discharge. We measured a variety of bedform characteristics, including height, length, lee-slope angle, and crest orientation, and examined their relationship to larval sturgeon catch in the reach in 2020\nand 2021. Bedform shapes are controlled by depositional environment and discharge and range in size from less than a meter in wavelength and amplitude to greater than 4 meters high and 75 meters long and generally have low angle lee-slopes. Small dunes were located in lower velocity regions on the inside of a bend and behind wing-dikes, as well as superimposed on larger dunes. Larger dunes were generally located in the channel thalweg and were associated with higher flow velocities. However, bedform size did not necessarily scale with discharge over the course of the 2019 flood, possibly due to sediment supply limitations and hysteresis effects. Changes in bedform size over the course of the flood event were most pronounced in the thalweg; less change in bedform size occurred behind wing dikes on the inside of channel bends, indicating some degree of habitat stability. Despite rarely getting caught in the thalweg, larval sturgeon drift in the thalweg until they are intercepted into off-channel habitats in wing dike fields, where they are caught in much higher numbers. Bedform orientations were affected by flow expansion around wing dikes, indicative of the role of wing dikes in influencing exchange of material between the thalweg and channel margins. Increased understanding of bedform distributions and dynamics will inform future sampling and habitat restoration designs for\nlarval pallid sturgeon and contribute to increased understanding of their influence on benthic\necological processes.","language":"English","publisher":"SEDHYD","usgsCitation":"Elliott, C.M., Jacobson, R., Call, B., and Roberts, M.O., 2023, Bedform distributions and dynamics in a large, channelized river: Implications for benthic ecological processes, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-148167","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":424463,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/past/2023Proceedings/110.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, Caroline M. 0000-0002-9190-7462 celliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-7462","contributorId":2380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Caroline","email":"celliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":892488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, R. B. 0000-0002-8368-2064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":92614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":892489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Call, Bruce 0000-0001-9064-2231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9064-2231","contributorId":217707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Call","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":892490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roberts, Maura O 0000-0002-5575-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5575-0330","contributorId":291406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Maura","email":"","middleInitial":"O","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":892695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70252921,"text":"70252921 - 2023 - Sea-ice conditions predict polar bear land use around military installations in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-11T12:06:38.792532","indexId":"70252921","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-29T07:02:27","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1914,"text":"Human-Wildlife Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-ice conditions predict polar bear land use around military installations in Alaska","docAbstract":"Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are threatened by sea-ice loss due to climate change, which is concurrently opening the Arctic to natural resource extraction and a broader scope of national security responsibilities. Mitigating the risk of human–bear conflicts is an emerging challenge as many polar bears spend longer ice-free summers on land where they have limited access to food and come into more frequent contact with people. We investigated a suite of physical and ecological variables that influence the timing of polar bear arrival on, and departure from, land using remote-sensing data on sea-ice extent and satellite telemetry data from 72 radio-collared adult female polar bears from 1986 to 2015. Analyses encompassed the coastline of the Southern Beaufort Sea north of Alaska, USA, and focused on zones within a 35-km radius (mean daily travel distance of a polar bear) of 5 military installations. Sea ice in the Southern Beaufort Sea retreated approximately 1 month earlier in spring, and reformed 1 month later in fall, in 2015 compared to 1979. In generalized linear mixed models, the most important predictors of polar bear arrival and departure were the dates of sea-ice breakup and formation, respectively, in localized marine areas surrounding each military zone. Region-wide sea-ice conditions also influenced land use, although to a lesser extent. We found that polar bears spent longer periods on land in the military zones compared to outside the zones, which may reflect increased land use in areas with human activity and potential attractants (noting that some military installations were in proximity to other human settlements). Our results demonstrate that the timing of polar bear land use in northern Alaska is influenced by sea-ice conditions on multiple spatial scales. This information can be used to predict and manage the presence of polar bears around military installations and other places of interest.
Climate change remains a primary threat to inland fishes and fisheries. Using topic modeling to examine trends and relationships across 36 years of scientific literature on documented and projected climate impacts to inland fish, we identify ten representative topics within this body of literature: assemblages, climate scenarios, distribution, climate drivers, population growth, invasive species, populations, phenology, physiology, and reproduction. These topics are largely similar to the output from artificial intelligence application (i.e., ChatGPT) search prompts, but with some key differences. The field of climate impacts on fish has seen dramatic growth since the mid-2000s with increasing popularity of topics related to drivers, assemblages, and phenology. The topics were generally well-dispersed with little overlap of common words, apart from phenology and reproduction which were closely clustered. Pairwise comparisons between topics revealed potential gaps in the literature including between reproduction and distribution and between physiology and phenology. A better understanding of these relationships can help capitalize on existing literature to inform conservation and sustainable management of inland fishes with a changing climate.
Common Loons (Gavia immer) winter primarily in marine coastal areas and utilize a forage base that is poorly defined, especially for offshore areas. Information on dive activity is needed for describing foraging strategies and for inferring prey distribution. Archival geolocator tags were used to determine the wintering locations and dive characteristics of adult Common Loons captured and marked on breeding lakes in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Among loons that completed fall migration, most wintered in the Gulf of Mexico, with smaller proportions wintering off the southern Atlantic Coast or impoundments in the southeastern United States. Adult Common Loons tended to occupy offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean and, on average, spent about 60% of daylight hours foraging. Dive depths were as deep as 50 m (Gulf of Mexico) and dive characteristics indicated that loons were primarily foraging on benthic prey. Total dive duration, time at maximum depth, and post-dive surface intervals increased with dive depths among wintering Common Loons. Our results are expected to contribute to the understanding of the wintering ecology of Common Loons and be useful in informing regional and national conservation planning efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Resilience Alliance","doi":"10.5751/JFO-199-940101","usgsCitation":"Kenow, K.P., Fara, L., Houdek, S.C., Gray, B.R., Heard, D.J., Meyer, M.W., Fox, T.J., Kratt, R.J., and Henderson, C.L., 2023, Dive characteristics of Common Loons wintering in the Gulf of Mexico and off the southern U.S. Atlantic coast: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 94, no. 1, 1, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.5751/JFO-199-940101.","productDescription":"1, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-131583","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-199-940101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":430562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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0000-0002-1143-4395","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1143-4395","contributorId":202973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fara","given":"Luke J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houdek, Steven C. 0000-0001-9452-6596 shoudek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9452-6596","contributorId":4423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houdek","given":"Steven","email":"shoudek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heard, Darryl J.","contributorId":206034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heard","given":"Darryl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":905004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meyer, Michael W.","contributorId":149111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17645,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Rhinelander, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":905005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fox, Timothy J. 0000-0002-6167-3001 tfox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6167-3001","contributorId":1701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"Timothy","email":"tfox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kratt, Robert J. 0000-0003-3314-7669","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3314-7669","contributorId":339738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kratt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":48800,"text":"Former USGS, UMESC employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":905007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Henderson, Carrol L.","contributorId":213967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henderson","given":"Carrol","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":905008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70254076,"text":"70254076 - 2023 - Gap analysis: A proposed methodology to describe and map historical and contemporary populations and habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-06T11:53:54.050606","indexId":"70254076","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-29T06:50:25","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Gap analysis: A proposed methodology to describe and map historical and contemporary populations and habitats","docAbstract":"This is a methodology paper that describes an approach for modeling and mapping historical and contemporary spawning areas for coregonine fishes in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Coregonines are a family of native whitefishes and ciscoes that are now greatly reduced or extirpated, but once served important roles for both the food web and society. This method can illustrate where habitats once existed and where they are today - critical information for restoration and conservation actions.","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Ciscoes","collaboration":"University of Michigan; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; The Nature Conservancy; Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Sault Ste Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians","usgsCitation":"Brant, C., Alofs, K., Castiglione, C., Doka, S.E., Duncan, A.T., Fielder, D., Herbert, M., Liskauskus, A., Rutherford, E.S., Smith, J., Tingley, R.W., Treska, T., Turschak, T., Chu, C., and Esselman, P., 2023, Gap analysis: A proposed methodology to describe and map historical and contemporary populations and habitats, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159962","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":428413,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.greatlakesciscoes.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/gap-analysis_methods.pdf"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.43805183601008,\n 50.368037610701975\n ],\n [\n -93.43805183601008,\n 40.34002127489302\n ],\n [\n -75.0689112110101,\n 40.34002127489302\n ],\n [\n -75.0689112110101,\n 50.368037610701975\n ],\n [\n -93.43805183601008,\n 50.368037610701975\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brant, Cory 0000-0002-0919-1566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0919-1566","contributorId":223422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brant","given":"Cory","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alofs, Karen M","contributorId":293588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alofs","given":"Karen M","affiliations":[{"id":37387,"text":"University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castiglione, Chris","contributorId":150899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castiglione","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife 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Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Herbert, Matthew","contributorId":275306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herbert","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liskauskus, Arunas","contributorId":336501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liskauskus","given":"Arunas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65742,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rutherford, Edward S.","contributorId":175426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rutherford","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12789,"text":"NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smith, Jason","contributorId":215444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":39249,"text":"Little Traverse Band of Odawa Indians","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Tingley, Ralph W. III 0000-0002-1689-2133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1689-2133","contributorId":189812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingley","given":"Ralph","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Treska, Ted","contributorId":141105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Treska","given":"Ted","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Turschak, Ted","contributorId":336504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turschak","given":"Ted","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36986,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Chu, Cindy","contributorId":176496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chu","given":"Cindy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":900159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Esselman, Peter C. 0000-0002-0085-903X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-903X","contributorId":204291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esselman","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70251158,"text":"70251158 - 2023 - Mid-contract management alters conservation reserve program vegetation in the central and western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-25T12:49:16.059841","indexId":"70251158","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-29T06:47:29","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-contract management alters conservation reserve program vegetation in the central and western United States","docAbstract":"Disturbances such as grazing, fire, and burrowing are historically important in North American grasslands, and plans for restoring disturbance regimes are often required for successful restoration. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has become the dominant grassland restoration mechanism in many areas, and requires planned disturbances known as mid-contract management (MCM). We recorded evidence of MCM in CRP fields across a 14-state region of the western and central United States, then revisited fields after one to five years to characterize bare ground and vegetative cover and composition using edge-of-road visual surveys. We found a reduced cover of grasses up to five years after MCM, and a concomitant increased cover of flowering forbs and diversity of pollinator-friendly forbs. There was little measurable change in overall plant cover or bare ground cover between one and five years after MCM, though bare soil cover did increase slightly. Baseline tree and shrub covers were very low on average but highly variable due to outliers with high woody cover. After MCM, the presence of woody vegetation remained low and relatively constant. Grazing and haying resulted in a lower probability of noxious grass presence than mowing or disking, but haying and disking were better for inhibiting the presence of noxious forbs. These results show that MCM can be a useful tool for maintaining vegetation quality. The results also point to an important need to understand factors that influence the effects of MCM, including disturbance technique, disturbance frequency, drought, and climate.
We describe the pathology of natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus of Eurasian lineage Goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b in 67 wild terrestrial mammals throughout the United States during April 1‒July 21, 2022. Affected mammals include 50 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 6 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), 4 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 2 bobcats (Lynx rufus), 2 Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), 1 coyote (Canis latrans), 1 fisher (Pekania pennanti), and 1 gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). Infected mammals showed primarily neurologic signs. Necrotizing meningoencephalitis, interstitial pneumonia, and myocardial necrosis were the most common lesions; however, species variations in lesion distribution were observed. Genotype analysis of sequences from 48 animals indicates that these cases represent spillover infections from wild birds.
Females must continually make resource allocation decisions because of fitness trade-offs between self-maintenance and investment in current offspring, yet factors underpinning these decisions are unresolved. Polar bears Ursus maritimus face considerable allocation challenges when seasonal sea-ice melt precludes access to prey for several months, and females rely solely on energy stores to cover their own energetic needs and provision offspring. We tested how female polar bears regulate lactation during onshore fasting (i.e. capital breeding) and determined the consequences of moderated lactation for females and cubs. Overall, milk energy declined, and lactation was more likely to cease with longer time fasting. Lactation was partially mediated by maternal energetic state and depended on litter characteristics. Milk energy declined more sharply with fasting time (~2.6 times more strongly) in females with 2 offspring compared to those with 1. Females with cubs-of-the-year produced higher energy milk than those with yearlings, and their milk energy also increased more strongly with maternal energy density. Milk energy declines benefited females via reduced depletion of maternal energy reserves, but cub growth decreased. Altered lactation investment likely has consequences for both female survival and the fate of offspring, which could scale up to influence population dynamics. Given that Arctic warming means polar bears across much of their range will experience longer periods without access to primary prey, our results underscore how lactation will likely become increasingly compromised.
","language":"English","publisher":"InterResearch","doi":"10.3354/meps14382","usgsCitation":"Archer, L.C., Atkinson, S.N., Pagano, A.M., Penk, S.R., and Molnar, P.K., 2023, Lactation performance in polar bears is associated with fasting time and energetic state: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 720, p. 175-189, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14382.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"189","ipdsId":"IP-148832","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14382","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":430561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"720","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Archer, Louise C. 0000-0002-1983-3825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-3825","contributorId":312474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Archer","given":"Louise","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":67687,"text":"University of Toronto Scarborough","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":904991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkinson, Stephen N.","contributorId":12365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":904992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pagano, Anthony M. 0000-0003-2176-0909 apagano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-0909","contributorId":3884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagano","given":"Anthony","email":"apagano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":904993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Penk, Stephanie R. 0000-0002-8027-4372","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8027-4372","contributorId":312472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penk","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":67687,"text":"University of Toronto Scarborough","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":904994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Molnar, Peter K.","contributorId":339736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molnar","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":67687,"text":"University of Toronto Scarborough","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":904995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70250981,"text":"70250981 - 2023 - Visitor use and activities detected using trail cameras at forest restoration sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-17T12:42:49.676866","indexId":"70250981","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-29T06:41:35","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Visitor use and activities detected using trail cameras at forest restoration sites","docAbstract":"We used trail cameras to monitor human visits and activities at two sites in northeast Indiana being restored to bottomland hardwood forests. These sites, managed as nature preserves, are close to cities, where trails and parking lots have been added for ease of access. In this study, trail cameras were successfully used to capture visitation rates and activity types. The two sites had median visitor use rates of 1 and 13 visitors per day. Across both sites, “parking lot use only” (62%), hikers (30.2%), and bicyclists (5%) accounted for more than 97% of site visits. Overall, most weekday visitor-time occurred during daylight hours, peaking at lunch and evening. Mean total number of daily visitors was higher during weekends; however, total daily visitor-time did not vary between days of the week. Michaelis-Menten rarefaction models of sampling efficiency across the study’s four camera stations suggest sampling duration of 27 to 55 days to accurately estimate mean daily visitor counts and 3 to 40 days to detect half the maximal numbers of observed activities. Study estimates of visitation provide land managers with information for accommodating visitor use activities on the restored sites and offer inputs for cultural ecosystem services assessments and associated economic analyses.
The Puget Sound basin encompasses the 13,700-square-mile area that drains to the Puget Sound and the adjacent marine waters of Washington State. Well more than 4 million people live within the basin, with numbers continuing to increase, who rely on the basin’s natural resources including groundwater. The Puget Sound Partnership was created by a Washington State statute to implement a science-based recovery of the Puget Sound to help address impacts to these resources. As part of the recovery, the partnership developed the Puget Sound Vital Signs as measures of ecosystem health that guide the assessment of progress toward Puget Sound recovery goals. The Puget Sound Partnership Leadership Council adopted a Drinking Water Vital Sign associated with human health and quality of life, recognizing certain indicators as integral to the sustainability of Puget Sound recovery efforts. One such Vital Sign indicator was the vulnerability of groundwater throughout the aquifers of the Puget Sound basin to elevated nitrate concentrations as defined by the probability of exceeding 2 milligrams/liter (mg/L) at a specific location and well depth. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) led the effort to characterize groundwater vulnerability. For this study, groundwater vulnerability refers to a probability with which a contaminant applied at or near the land surface can migrate to the aquifer of interest for a given set of land-use practices. Nitrate concentration data were selected for evaluation because elevated nitrate concentrations are typically caused by anthropogenic activities and have been associated with deleterious impacts on human health.
To identify groundwater vulnerability to elevated nitrate concentrations, logistic regression was used to relate anthropogenic (human associated) and natural variables to the occurrence of elevated nitrate concentrations in untreated groundwater from large public water supply system wells found within the Washington State Department of Health Sentry database. Variables that were analyzed included well depth, soil hydraulic conductivity, precipitation, population density, fertilizer application amounts, and land-use types. Statistically significant models that predicted the probabilities of groundwater nitrate concentrations greater than 2 mg/L based on the predictor variables were created for the time periods 2000–04, 2005–09, 2010–14, and 2015–19. For all time periods, well depth and a measure of the abundance of urban and agricultural land over or near the well consistently helped explain the vulnerability of the well to elevated nitrate concentrations defined as a probability of exceeding 2 mg/L of nitrate. Precipitation and (or) soil hydraulic conductivity were also important predictor variables in the models.
The models for each time period were used to create maps of groundwater vulnerability at 150- and 300-foot depths throughout the Puget Sound basin. As expected, the most vulnerable locations were associated with shallower well depths and increased agriculture and urban land cover. Across all four time periods, groundwater vulnerability throughout the Puget Sound was low, with probabilities of exceeding 2 mg/L concentrations of nitrate at depths at 150 and 300 feet typically less than 50 percent. Results also found a slight decrease in probabilities of elevated nitrate concentrations throughout the basin over time. More specifically, additional statistical tests found that groundwater with probabilities of less than about 60 percent declined from 2000 to 2019 and represented more than 75 percent of the modeled Puget Sound basin aquifer. Wells with greater than 60 percent probability increased over the same time period but represented only about 25 percent of the aquifer. The maps and statistical analysis presented in the study provide valuable and informative evaluation of the vulnerability of groundwater in the Puget Sound basin to elevated nitrate concentrations. The probability maps do not represent measured nitrate concentrations in groundwater, but rather they present the probability that nitrate concentrations exceed 2 mg/L. The models and predictions from this study are a viable indicator for the Puget Sound Partnership’s Healthy Human Population—Drinking Water Vital Sign. The logistic regression modeling approach presented here benefits water managers by allowing them to assess temporal trends in a range of probabilities, explore vulnerability changes as new regional land cover and anthropogenic data are generated, and distinguish vulnerabilities at different depths within the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Puget Sound Partnership","usgsCitation":"Black, R.W., Wright, E.E., Bright, V.A.L., and Headman, A.O., 2023, Prediction of the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations at groundwater depths used for drinking-water supply in the Puget Sound basin, Washington, 2004–19: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5117, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235117.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 40 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-135130","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424530,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5117/images"},{"id":424531,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5117/sir20235117.XML"},{"id":423904,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5117/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":423905,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5117/sir20235117.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5117"},{"id":501157,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115891.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":423906,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TOWGYM","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Wright, E.E., Bright, V.A.L., Black, R.W., and Headman, A.O., 2022, Index of vulnerability for elevated nitrates in groundwater in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington, 2000–2019: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TOWGYM.","linkHelpText":"Index of vulnerability for elevated nitrates in groundwater in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington, 2000–2019"},{"id":424529,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235117/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2023-5117"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.38747179984844,\n 49.222164372548065\n ],\n [\n -124.38747179984844,\n 46.31382574682385\n ],\n [\n -120.38844836234833,\n 46.31382574682385\n ],\n [\n -120.38844836234833,\n 49.222164372548065\n ],\n [\n -124.38747179984844,\n 49.222164372548065\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
The entire Lower Fox River and inner bay of Green Bay, in northeastern Wisconsin, have been listed as impaired by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) for low dissolved oxygen and degraded habitat, with total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations listed as the likely causes of these impairments. To restore the Fox River and Green Bay, total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) were developed for TP and TSS, and actions were taken throughout the Fox River Basin to improve water quality. In this study, we estimated concentrations and loads of TP, dissolved phosphorus (DP), and TSS at the Lake Winnebago outlet, De Pere, and the mouth of the Fox River from water year (WY) 1989 to WY 2021; described changes in concentrations and loads through time during this period; and compared the concentrations and loads for the most recent 5-year period (WYs 2017–21) with the WDNR criteria for TP impairment and the TMDL loading goals.
TP, DP, TSS, and total suspended sediment concentration data were obtained from NEW Water (the brand of the Green Bay Metropolitan Sewerage District), the WDNR, and the U.S. Geological Survey and combined into one dataset. All the TSS and total suspended sediment data were used together with no adjustment factor and are referred to as simply “TSS.” During WYs 1989–2021, mean annual TP concentrations increased from 0.089 milligram per liter (mg/L) at the Lake Winnebago outlet to 0.128 mg/L at the mouth of the Fox River, and concentrations decreased at all three sites from WY 1989 to WY 2021. The most recent (WYs 2017–21) median May–October TP concentrations were just less than the 0.1-mg/L WDNR criterion for TP impairment at the two upstream sites (Lake Winnebago outlet and De Pere) but were slightly greater than the criterion for impairment at the mouth of the Fox River. Mean annual DP concentrations increased from 0.024 mg/L at the Lake Winnebago outlet to 0.036 mg/L at the mouth of the Fox River. DP concentrations increased from WY 1989 to WY 2021 at the Lake Winnebago outlet but not at the other sites. Mean annual TSS concentrations increased from 13.5 mg/L at the Lake Winnebago outlet to 23.9 mg/L at the mouth of the Fox River and have decreased at all three sites from WY 1989 to WY 2021. The recent median May–October TSS concentrations were less than the 20-mg/L WDNR criterion for impairment at all three sites. Streamflow and TP, DP, and TSS loads increased from the Lake Winnebago outlet to the mouth of the Fox River (TP loads increased from 360,000 to 557,000 kilograms per year [kg/yr], DP loads increased from 114,000 to 162,000 kg/yr, and TSS loads increased from 60,400 metric tons per year [t/yr] to 122,600 t/yr).
At the Lake Winnebago outlet, DP concentrations and TP and DP loads increased from WY 1989 to WY 2021 because of an increase in DP concentrations in Lake Winnebago resulting from the lake becoming nitrogen limited as a result of biological processes not consuming the DP in the lake and an increase in streamflow leaving the lake. Although TP and TSS concentrations decreased at De Pere and the mouth of the Fox River, there was little change in the loading because of an increase in flow. Flow-normalized TP and TSS loads at De Pere and the mouth of the Fox River decreased possibly because of implementation of agricultural conservation management practices, reductions in point-source discharges in its drainage basin, and deposition of sediment and phosphorus in recently dredged areas of the Lower Fox River. Additional studies are needed to determine the relative importance of each of these actions and whether the decrease in concentrations and flow-normalized loads will continue to be observed in the Fox River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with NEW Water, the brand of the Green Bay Metropolitan Sewerage District","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Diebel, M.W., Bartlett, S.L., and Fermanich, K.J., 2023, Changes in phosphorus and suspended solids loading in the Fox River, northeastern Wisconsin, 1989–2021: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5112, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235112","productDescription":"Report: viii, 29 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-150822","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423702,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5112/sir20235112.XML"},{"id":423701,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5112/sir20235112.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023–5112"},{"id":423700,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5112/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":423703,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5112/images/"},{"id":501154,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115890.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":423706,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235112/full"},{"id":423705,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":423704,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P950EOGH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Concentrations and loads of phosphorus and suspended solids in the Fox River, northeastern Wisconsin, 1989–2021"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.27750277664309,\n 45.85677045828476\n ],\n [\n -90.27750277664309,\n 43.06901481985196\n ],\n [\n -87.32441235531145,\n 43.06901481985196\n ],\n [\n -87.32441235531145,\n 45.85677045828476\n ],\n [\n -90.27750277664309,\n 45.85677045828476\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1 Gifford Pinchot Drive
Madison, WI 53726
With new motivation to increase the proportion of energy demands met by zero-carbon sources, there is a greater focus on efforts to assess and mitigate the impacts of renewable energy development on sensitive ecosystems and wildlife, of which birds are of particular interest. One challenge for researchers, due in part to a lack of appropriate tools, has been estimating the effects from such development on individual breeding populations of migratory birds. To help address this, we utilize a newly developed, high-resolution genetic tagging method to rapidly identify the breeding population of origin of carcasses recovered from renewable energy facilities and combine them with maps of genetic variation across geographic space (called ‘genoscapes’) for five species of migratory birds known to be exposed to energy development, to assess the extent of population-level effects on migratory birds. We demonstrate that most avian remains collected were from the largest populations of a given species. In contrast, those remains from smaller, declining populations made up a smaller percentage of the total number of birds assayed. Results suggest that application of this genetic tagging method can successfully define population-level exposure to renewable energy development and may be a powerful tool to inform future siting and mitigation activities associated with renewable energy programs.
The protection and management of water resources continues to be challenged by multiple and ongoing factors such as shifts in demographic, social, economic, and public health requirements. Physical limitations placed on access to potable supplies include natural and human-caused factors such as aquifer depletion, aging infrastructure, saltwater intrusion, floods, and drought. These factors, although varying in magnitude, spatial extent, and timing, can exacerbate the potential for contaminants of concern (CECs) to be present in sources of drinking water, infrastructure, premise plumbing and associated tap water. This monograph examines how current and emerging scientific efforts and technologies increase our understanding of the range of CECs and drinking water issues facing current and future populations. It is not intended to be read in one sitting, but is instead a starting point for scientists wanting to learn more about the issues surrounding CECs. This text discusses the topical evolution CECs over time (Section 1), improvements in measuring chemical and microbial CECs, through both analysis of concentration and toxicity (Section 2) and modeling CEC exposure and fate (Section 3), forms of treatment effective at removing chemical and microbial CECs (Section 4), and potential for human health impacts from exposure to CECs (Section 5). The paper concludes with how changes to water quantity, both scarcity and surpluses, could affect water quality (Section 6). Taken together, these sections document the past 25 years of CEC research and the regulatory response to these contaminants, the current work to identify and monitor CECs and mitigate exposure, and the challenges facing the future.