{"pageNumber":"219","pageRowStart":"5450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11364,"records":[{"id":70020863,"text":"70020863 - 1998 - Observations of geese foraging for clam shells during spring on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T13:29:19","indexId":"70020863","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of geese foraging for clam shells during spring on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied the behavior of geese on exposed river ice during spring on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. The predominant behavior while on the ice for both sexes was foraging; however, females foraged more than males. Visual inspection of the ice revealed no potential plant or animal food items. However, numerous small (&lt;20 mm) clam shells (<i>Macoma balthica</i>) and pieces of shell were noted. It appeared that geese were foraging on empty clam shells. This potential source of calcium was available to breeding geese just prior to egg formation and geese likely stored this calcium in the form of medullary bone for use during egg formation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Fowler, A.C., Bottitta, G.E., and Schamber, J.L., 1998, Observations of geese foraging for clam shells during spring on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 110, no. 3, p. 411-413.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"411","endPage":"413","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a93e4b0c8380cd7424e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fowler, Ada C.","contributorId":48304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Ada","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bottitta, Grace E.","contributorId":103432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bottitta","given":"Grace","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schamber, Jason L.","contributorId":72512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamber","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1012931,"text":"1012931 - 1998 - Estimates of brown bear abundance on Kodiak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:06","indexId":"1012931","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of brown bear abundance on Kodiak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"During 1987-94 we used capture-mark-resight (CMR) methodology and\r\nrates of observation (bears/hour and bears/100 km2) of unmarked brown bears\r\n(Ursus arctos middendorffi) during intensive aerial surveys (IAS) to estimate\r\nabundance of brown bears on Kodiak Island and to establish a baseline for\r\nmonitoring population trends. CMR estimates were obtained on 3 study areas;\r\ndensity ranged from 216-234 bears/1,000 km2 for independent animals and 292-342\r\nbears/1,000 km2 including dependent offspring. Rates of observation during IAS\r\nranged from 1.4-5.4 independent bears/hour and 2.9-18.0 independent bears/100\r\nkm2. Density estimates for independent bears on each IAS area were obtained by\r\ndividing mean number of bears observed during replicate surveys by estimated\r\nsightability (based on CMR-derived sightability in areas with similar habitat. \r\nBrown bear abundance on 21 geographic units of Kodiak Island and 3 nearby\r\nislands was estimated by extrapolation from CMR and IAS data using comparisons\r\nof habitat characteristics and sport harvest information. Population estimates\r\nfor independent and total bears were 1,800 and 2,600. The CMR and IAS\r\nprocedures offer alternative means, depending on management objective and\r\navailable resources, of measuring population trend of brown bears on Kodiak\r\nIsland.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ursus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Barnes, V., and Smith, R.B., 1998, Estimates of brown bear abundance on Kodiak Island, Alaska: Ursus, v. 10, p. 1-9.","productDescription":"pp. 1-9","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f7f16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, V.G. Jr.","contributorId":55765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"V.G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. B.","contributorId":64589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182195,"text":"70182195 - 1998 - Double-stocking for overcoming damage to conifer seedlings by pocket gophers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T10:59:25","indexId":"70182195","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1347,"text":"Crop Protection","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Double-stocking for overcoming damage to conifer seedlings by pocket gophers","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 5-yr study was conducted on national forests in Idaho and Oregon to evaluate how doubling the seedling stocking rate of lodgepole pine (</span><i>Pinus contorta</i><span>) would relate to 5-year survival and the uniformity of distribution of seedlings in the presence of northern pocket gopher (</span><i>Thomomys talpoides</i><span>) damage. Either 4 or 8 seedlings were planted in 40-m</span><sup>2&nbsp;</sup><span>subplots (1000 or 2000 seedlings/ha) and monitored for gopher damage. We found that the number of seedlings attacked by gophers, and consequently, the number of seedlings surviving for 5 years, were directly proportional to the stocking rate, but the consistency of seedling distribution within each site (as measured by the proportion of 40-m</span><sup>2</sup><span> subplots with ≥ 2 surviving seedlings) did not double with stocking rate. In some situations, increasing the stocking rate should be considered as a method for overcoming pocket gopher damage.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0261-2194(98)00072-6","usgsCitation":"Engeman, R., Anthony, R.M., Barnes, V.G., Krupa, H.W., and Evans, J., 1998, Double-stocking for overcoming damage to conifer seedlings by pocket gophers: Crop Protection, v. 17, no. 9, p. 687-690, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(98)00072-6.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"687","endPage":"690","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Deschutes National Forest, Targhee National Forest","volume":"17","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e33e4b0ce4410e7d616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engeman, Richard M.","contributorId":39301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engeman","given":"Richard M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, Richard M.","contributorId":181903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, Victor G. Jr.","contributorId":95113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Victor","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":35655,"text":"Kodiak Brown Bear Trust, Westcliffe, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krupa, Heather W.","contributorId":181901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krupa","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12749,"text":"USDA APHIS National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, James","contributorId":83570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70182212,"text":"70182212 - 1998 - Natal and breeding philopatry in a black brant, <i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i>, metapopulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T12:07:12","indexId":"70182212","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natal and breeding philopatry in a black brant, <i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i>, metapopulation","docAbstract":"<p><span>We estimated natal and breeding philopatry and dispersal probabilities for a metapopulation of Black Brant (</span><i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i><span>) based on observations of marked birds at six breeding colonies in Alaska, 1986–1994. Both adult females and males exhibited high (&gt;0.90) probability of philopatry to breeding colonies. Probability of natal philopatry was significantly higher for females than males. Natal dispersal of males was recorded between every pair of colonies, whereas natal dispersal of females was observed between only half of the colony pairs. We suggest that female-biased philopatry was the result of timing of pair formation and characteristics of the mating system of brant, rather than factors related to inbreeding avoidance or optimal discrepancy. Probability of natal philopatry of females increased with age but declined with year of banding. Age-related increase in natal philopatry was positively related to higher breeding probability of older females. Declines in natal philopatry with year of banding corresponded negatively to a period of increasing population density; therefore, local population density may influence the probability of nonbreeding and gene flow among colonies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1893:NABPIA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lindberg, M., Sedinger, J.S., Derksen, D.V., and Rockwell, R.F., 1998, Natal and breeding philopatry in a black brant, <i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i>, metapopulation: Ecology, v. 79, no. 6, p. 1893-1904, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1893:NABPIA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1893","endPage":"1904","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -189.755859375,\n              56.70450561416937\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.05859375,\n              56.70450561416937\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.05859375,\n              74.56673621013677\n            ],\n            [\n              -189.755859375,\n              74.56673621013677\n            ],\n            [\n              -189.755859375,\n              56.70450561416937\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5fc3e4b01ccd54f8b52f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":89466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rockwell, Robert F.","contributorId":172752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6989,"text":"American Museum of Natural History","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":670000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020354,"text":"70020354 - 1998 - Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary transtension and strain partitioning in the Chugach Accretionary Complex, SE Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T19:55:50","indexId":"70020354","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary transtension and strain partitioning in the Chugach Accretionary Complex, SE Alaska","docAbstract":"Shear zones in the Late Cretaceous Sitka Graywacke of the Chugach accretionary complex in southeast Alaska record constrictional finite strains, with maximum principal s tretches plunging shallowly subparallel to strike of the shear zones. Macrostructural analysis indicates the finite strain formed during one deformation event. Microstructural analysis of the shear zones shows that this deformation is ductile, promoted mostly through deformation of low-strength lithic clasts and pressure solution. Kinematic indicators from some of the shear zones indicate dominantly dextral motion. Although multiple scenarios can explain constrictional finite strains in a shear zone, these dextral strike-slip shear zones must have experienced a component of extension across them in order to generate constrictional finite strains. Therefore, the shear zones are dextral transtensional shear zones, an uncommon tectinic regime in an accretionary complex. The transtensional shear zones reflect strike-slip motion related to partitioning of Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary right-oblique convergence between North America and the Farallon plate. The extensional component that was superposed on the strike-slip shear zones to generate transtension resulted from contemporaneous collapse of the forearc following thickening related to underplating.Shear zones in the Late Cretaceous Sitka Graywacke of the Chugach accretionary complex in southeast Alaska record constrictional finite strains, with maximum principal stretches plunging shallowy sub-parallel to strike of the shear zones. Macrostructural analysis indicates the finite strain formed during one deformation event. Microstructural analysis of the shear zones shows that this deformation is ductile, promoted mostly through deformation of low-strength lithic clasts and pressure solution. Kinematic indicators from some of the shear zones indicate dominantly dextral motion. Although multiple scenarios can explain constrictional finite strains in a shear zone, these dextral strike-slip shear zones must have experienced a component of extension across them in order to generate constrictional finite strains. Therefore, the shear zones are dextral transtensional shear zones, an uncommon tectonic regime in an accretionary complex. The transtensional shear zones reflect strike-slip motion related to partitioning of Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary right-oblique convergence between North America and the Farallon plate. The extensional component that was superposed on the strike-slip shear zones to generate transtension resulted from contemporaneous collapse of the forearc following thickening related to underplating.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0191-8141(98)00001-7","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Roeske, S.M., and Karl, S.M., 1998, Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary transtension and strain partitioning in the Chugach Accretionary Complex, SE Alaska: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 20, no. 5, p. 639-654, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(98)00001-7.","startPage":"639","endPage":"654","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206924,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(98)00001-7"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44dce4b0c8380cd66e57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.S.","contributorId":47426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roeske, Sarah M.","contributorId":141228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roeske","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13721,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Califorina Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180708,"text":"70180708 - 1998 - Male traits, mating tactics and reproductive success in the buff-breasted sandpiper, <i>Tryngites subruficollis</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T14:39:46","indexId":"70180708","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Male traits, mating tactics and reproductive success in the buff-breasted sandpiper, <i>Tryngites subruficollis</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>Buff-breasted sandpipers use a variety of mating tactics to acquire mates, including remaining at a single lek for most of the breeding season, attending multiple leks during the season, displaying solitarily or displaying both on leks and solitarily. We found that differences in body size, body condition, fluctuating asymmetry scores, wing coloration, territory location and behaviour (attraction, solicitation and agonistic) did not explain the observed variation in mating tactics used by males. Which males abandoned versus returned to leks was also not related to morphology or behaviour, and there was no tendency for males to join leks that were larger or smaller than the lek they abandoned. These results suggest that male desertion of leks was not dependent on a male's characteristics nor on the size of the lek he was presently attending. Males did join leks with larger males than their previous lek, perhaps to mate with females attracted to these larger 'hotshot' males. Males at both leks and solitary sites successfully mated. Lek tenure did not affect mating success, although lekking males appeared to mate more frequently than solitary males. Courtship disruption and to a lesser extent, female mimicry, were effective at preventing females from mating at leks, and may offer a partial explanation for female mating off leks. Our analysis that combined all males together within a year (regardless of mating tactic) indicated that males that attended leks for longer periods of time and that had fewer wing spots were significantly more likely to mate. Given some evidence that wing spotting declines with age, and that females inspect male underwings during courtship, the latter result suggests that female choice may play some role in determining male success. We suggest that male buff-breasted sandpipers may use alternative mating tactics more readily than males in other 'classic' lek-breeding species because: (1) unpredictable breeding conditions in this species' high arctic breeding range leads to low lek stability, which in turn hinders mate selection mechanisms mediated by male dominance and female choice; and (2) males are not constrained by morphological markings that indicate status or sex. Both characteristics may reduce the reproductive benefits associated with males adopting one mating tactic and result in a sort of scramble competition in which males switch between tactics as local conditions change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/anbe.1998.0841","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., Weatherhead, P.J., Kempenaers, B., and Scribner, K.T., 1998, Male traits, mating tactics and reproductive success in the buff-breasted sandpiper, <i>Tryngites subruficollis</i>: Animal Behaviour, v. 56, no. 2, p. 419-432, https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0841.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"432","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b9e4b072a7ac129934","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weatherhead, Patrick J.","contributorId":179013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weatherhead","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16718,"text":"Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kempenaers, Bart","contributorId":54943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempenaers","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13130,"text":"Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182025,"text":"70182025 - 1998 - Electrocardiographic consequences of a peripatetic lifestyle in gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T09:58:00","indexId":"70182025","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1289,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrocardiographic consequences of a peripatetic lifestyle in gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span></span><span>Cardiac chamber enlargement and hypertrophy are normal physiologic responses to repetitive endurance exercise activity in human beings and domestic dogs. Whether similar changes occur in wild animals as a consequence of increased activity is unknown. We found that free-ranging gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>, <i>n</i>=11), the archetypical endurance athlete, have electrocardiographic evidence of cardiac chamber enlargement and hypertrophy relative to sedentary captive gray wolves (<i>n</i>=20), as demonstrated by significant increases in QRS duration, QT interval, and QT interval corrected for heart rate, a tendency towards increased Q, R, and S wave voltages in all leads, and a significant decrease in heart rate. We conclude that exercise activity level and therefore lifestyle affects physiologic variables in wild animals. An immediate consequence of this finding is that physiologic measurements obtained from a captive wild-animal population with reduced exercise activity level may not accurately reflect the normal physiologic state for free-ranging members of the same species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10066-1","usgsCitation":"Constable, P., Hinchcliff, K., Demma, N., Callahan, M., Dale, B.W., Fox, K., Adams, L., Wack, R., and Kramer, L., 1998, Electrocardiographic consequences of a peripatetic lifestyle in gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>): Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, v. 120, no. 3, p. 557-563, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10066-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"563","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57702e4b057081a24ee65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constable, Peter","contributorId":40954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constable","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinchcliff, Ken","contributorId":67479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinchcliff","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Demma, Nick","contributorId":105682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demma","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20307,"text":"US National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Callahan, Margaret","contributorId":16317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Callahan","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dale, Bruce W.","contributorId":6769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fox, Kevin","contributorId":12828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13670,"text":"National Park Service, Denali National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wack, Ray","contributorId":70355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wack","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kramer, Lynn","contributorId":181741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kramer","given":"Lynn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70187662,"text":"70187662 - 1998 - Satellite radar interferometry measures deformation at Okmok Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:18:32","indexId":"70187662","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite radar interferometry measures deformation at Okmok Volcano","docAbstract":"<p><span>The center of the Okmok caldera in Alaska subsided 140 cm as a result of its February– April 1997 eruption, according to satellite data from ERS-1 and ERS-2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry. The inferred deflationary source was located 2.7 km beneath the approximate center of the caldera using a point source deflation model. Researchers believe this source is a magma chamber about 5 km from the eruptive source vent. During the 3 years before the eruption, the center of the caldera uplifted by about 23 cm, which researchers believe was a pre-emptive inflation of the magma chamber. Scientists say such measurements demonstrate that radar interferometry is a promising spaceborne technique for monitoring remote volcanoes. Frequent, routine acquisition of images with SAR interferometry could make near realtime monitoring at such volcanoes the rule, aiding in eruption forecasting.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98EO00348","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Mann, D., and Freymueller, J., 1998, Satellite radar interferometry measures deformation at Okmok Volcano: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 79, no. 39, p. 461-468, https://doi.org/10.1029/98EO00348.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"468","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bbe4b044b359e486bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":694988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Dorte","contributorId":66876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Dorte","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeff","contributorId":82190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020228,"text":"70020228 - 1998 - Nesting ecology of Spectacled Eiders <i>Somateria fischeri</i> on the Indigirka River Delta, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T11:32:34","indexId":"70020228","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting ecology of Spectacled Eiders <i>Somateria fischeri</i> on the Indigirka River Delta, Russia","docAbstract":"<p>In 1994 and 1995 we investigated breeding biology and nest site habitat of Spectacled Eiders on two study areas within the coastal fringe of the Indigirka River Delta, Russia (71°20' N, 150<span>°</span>20' E). Spectacled Eiders were first observed on 6 June in both years and nesting commenced by mid-June. Average clutch size declined with later nest initiation dates by 0.10 eggs per day; clutches were larger in 1994 than 1995 and were slightly larger on a coastal island study area compared to an interior area. Nesting success varied substantially between years, with estimates of 1.6% in 1994 and 27.6% in 1995. Total egg loss, through avian or mammalian predation, occurred more frequently than partial egg loss. Partial egg loss was detected in 16 nests and appeared unrelated to nest initiation date or clutch size. We found no difference among survival rates of nests visited weekly, biweekly, and those at which the hen was never flushed, suggesting that researcher presence did not adversely affect nesting success. A comparison of nine habitat variables within each study area revealed little difference between nest sites and a comparable number of randomly located sites, leading us to conclude that Spectacled Eiders nest randomly with respect to most small scale habitat features. We propose that large scale landscape features are more important indicators of nesting habitat as they may afford greater protection from land-based predators, such as the Arctic Fox. Demographic data collected during this study, along with recent conservation measures implemented by the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), lead us to conclude that there are few threats to the Indigirka River Delta Spectacled Eider population. Presently, the Indigirka River Delta contains the largest concentration of nesting Spectacled Eiders and deserves continued monitoring and conservation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","issn":"09546324","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., Esler, D., and Degtyarev, A.G., 1998, Nesting ecology of Spectacled Eiders <i>Somateria fischeri</i> on the Indigirka River Delta, Russia: Wildfowl, v. 49, p. 110-123.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337903,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/1043"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Indigirka River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              147.94189453125,\n              70.67815257195306\n            ],\n            [\n              153.017578125,\n              70.67815257195306\n            ],\n            [\n              153.017578125,\n              72.44216431399403\n            ],\n            [\n              147.94189453125,\n              72.44216431399403\n            ],\n            [\n              147.94189453125,\n              70.67815257195306\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64bde4b0c8380cd72a4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Degtyarev, Andrei G.","contributorId":13775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Degtyarev","given":"Andrei","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":28156,"text":"Yakutsk Institute of Biology, Yakutsk, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020135,"text":"70020135 - 1998 - Response of Pacific walruses to disturbances from capture and handling activities at a haul-out in Bristol Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T16:41:27","indexId":"70020135","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of Pacific walruses to disturbances from capture and handling activities at a haul-out in Bristol Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"Observations were made on hems of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) to study their response during the capturing and handling of adult males in summer 1995 at a haul-out at Cape Peirce in southwestern Alaska. Three behaviors (alertness, displacement, and dispersal) were quantified from 16 capture sessions. Herd sizes ranged from 622 to 5,289 walruses. Handling of an immobilized walrus consisted of attempts to attach telemetry devices to the tusks and collect various biological samples. Handling activities resulted in an average of about 10-fold or greater levels of behavior in alertness, displacement, and dispersal than during precapture and darting periods. High levels of behavior usually occurred within the first 45 min of handling. In 8 of 10 capture sessions, walruses returned to predisturbance levels of behavior within 40 min of cessation of the handling disturbance. Alertness and displacement were moderately and negatively correlated with herd size during the handling period, which may reflect an effect of a threshold distance from the point of disturbance to responding individuals. Observations of walruses tagged with VHF radio transmitters indicated that the activities from a given capture session did not preclude tagged walruses from using the haul-out over a subsequent 11-wk monitoring period. Moreover, non-tagged walruses continued to extensively use the haul-out during and after the period in which capture sessions were conducted.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Mammal Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1998.tb00765.x","issn":"08240469","usgsCitation":"Jay, C., Olson, T.L., Garner, G., and Ballachey, B.E., 1998, Response of Pacific walruses to disturbances from capture and handling activities at a haul-out in Bristol Bay, Alaska: Marine Mammal Science, v. 14, no. 4, p. 819-828, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1998.tb00765.x.","startPage":"819","endPage":"828","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa1de4b0c8380cd8615d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jay, C.V. 0000-0002-9559-2189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":67827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"C.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, Tamara L.","contributorId":29971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garner, G.W.","contributorId":80218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021332,"text":"70021332 - 1998 - Evaluation of radio-tracking and strip transect methods for determining foraging ranges of Black-Legged Kittiwakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T14:49:59","indexId":"70021332","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of radio-tracking and strip transect methods for determining foraging ranges of Black-Legged Kittiwakes","docAbstract":"<p>We compared strip transect and radio-tracking methods of determining foraging range of Black-legged Kittiwakes (<i>Rissa tridactyla</i>). The mean distance birds were observed from their colony determined by radio-tracking was significantly greater than the mean value calculated from strip transects. We determined that this difference was due to two sources of bias: (1) as distance from the colony increased, the area of available habitat also increased resulting in decreasing bird densities (bird spreading). Consequently, the probability of detecting birds during transect surveys also would decrease as distance from the colony increased, and (2) the maximum distance birds were observed from the colony during radio-tracking exceeded the extent of the strip transect survey. We compared the observed number of birds seen on the strip transect survey to the predictions of a model of the decreasing probability of detection due to bird spreading. Strip transect data were significantly different from modeled data; however, the field data were consistently equal to or below the model predictions, indicating a general conformity to the concept of declining detection at increasing distance. We conclude that radio-tracking data gave a more representative indication of foraging distances than did strip transect sampling. Previous studies of seabirds that have used strip transect sampling without accounting for bird spreading or the effects of study-area limitations probably underestimated foraging range.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369753","usgsCitation":"Ostrand, W.D., Drew, G., Suryan, R., and McDonald, L., 1998, Evaluation of radio-tracking and strip transect methods for determining foraging ranges of Black-Legged Kittiwakes: The Condor, v. 100, no. 4, p. 709-718, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369753.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"718","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369753","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cb4e4b0c8380cd52c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ostrand, William D.","contributorId":90898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostrand","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":389499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, G.S.","contributorId":95415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suryan, R.M.","contributorId":52919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonald, L.L.","contributorId":19906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019866,"text":"70019866 - 1998 - Sediment delivery to the Gulf of Alaska: Source mechanisms along a glaciated transform margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T15:05:32.059338","indexId":"70019866","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment delivery to the Gulf of Alaska: Source mechanisms along a glaciated transform margin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sediment delivery to the Gulf of Alaska occurs via four areally extensive deepwater fans, sourced from grounded tidewater glaciers. During periods of climatic cooling, glaciers cross a narrow shelf and discharge sediment down the continental slope. Because the coastal terrain is dominated by fjords and a narrow, high-relief Pacific watershed, deposition is dominated by channellized point-source fan accumulations, the volumes of which are primarily a function of climate. The sediment distribution is modified by a long-term tectonic translation of the Pacific plate to the north along the transform margin. As a result, the deep-water fans are gradually moved away from the climatically controlled point sources. Sets of abandoned channels record the effect of translation during the Plio-Pleistocene.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society, London","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.04","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Dobson, M., O'Leary, D., and Veart, M., 1998, Sediment delivery to the Gulf of Alaska: Source mechanisms along a glaciated transform margin: Geological Society Special Publication, v. 129, p. 43-66, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.04.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228103,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b896fe4b08c986b316ddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dobson, M.R.","contributorId":100858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Leary, D.","contributorId":90487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Leary","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Veart, M.","contributorId":24506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veart","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020813,"text":"70020813 - 1998 - Density-dependent effects on growth, body size, and clutch size in Black Brant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T09:20:05","indexId":"70020813","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density-dependent effects on growth, body size, and clutch size in Black Brant","docAbstract":"<p><span>We documented gosling size in late summer, adult body size, and clutch size of known-age Black Brant (<i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i>) females nesting on the Tutakoke River colony between 1986 and 1995. During this period, the colony increased from 1,100 to &gt;5,000 nesting pairs. Gosling mass at 30 days of age declined from 764 ± SE of 13 g and 723 ± 15 g for males and females, respectively, in the 1986 cohort, to 665 ± 18 g and 579 ± 18 g in the 1994 cohort. Gosling size was directly negatively correlated with number of Black Brant broods. We detected no trend in adult body size for individuals from these cohorts; in fact, adults from the 1992 and 1994 cohorts had the largest overall masses. Clutch size increased with age from 3.4 eggs for 2-year-old females to 4.4 eggs for 5-year-old females. Clutch size declined during the study by 0.20 (3-year-old females) to 0.45 (2-year-old females) eggs. Clutch size did not decline between the 1986 and 1990 cohorts for females that were &gt;5 years old. Our results for clutch size and gosling size are similar to those recorded for Lesser Snow Geese (<i>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</i>). Our failure to detect a trend in adult body size, however, differs from the response of other geese to increasing population density. We interpret this difference in effects of density on adult size between Black Brant and other geese as an indication of stronger selection against the smallest individuals in Black Brant relative to other species of geese.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089410","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Sedinger, J.S., Lindberg, M.S., Person, B.T., Eichholz, M., Herzog, M.P., and Flint, P.L., 1998, Density-dependent effects on growth, body size, and clutch size in Black Brant: The Auk, v. 115, no. 3, p. 613-620, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089410.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"620","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tutakoke River","volume":"115","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feabe4b0c8380cd4ee6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":387615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":63292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":387616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Person, Brian T.","contributorId":107457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Person","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eichholz, Michael W.","contributorId":130963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eichholz","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[{"id":7180,"text":"Coop Wildlife Res Lab, Ctr for Ecology, S IL Univ Carbondale, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":387613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. 0000-0002-5203-2835 mherzog@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-2835","contributorId":131110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70187530,"text":"70187530 - 1998 - Ecological, morphological, genetic and life history characteristics of two sockeye salmon populations, Tustumena Lake, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T13:23:03","indexId":"70187530","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Ecological, morphological, genetic and life history characteristics of two sockeye salmon populations, Tustumena Lake, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Populations can differ in both phenotypic and molecular genetic traits. Phenotypic differences likely result from differential selection pressures in the environment, whereas differences in neutral molecular markers result from genetic drift associated with some degree of reproductive isolation. Two sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, populations were compared using both phenotypic and genotypic characters, and causal factors were examined. Salmon spawning in a short (&lt;3 km), shallow (&lt;21 cm), clear, homogenous spring-fed study site spawned later, were younger, smaller, and produced fewer and smaller eggs than salmon spawning in a longer (∼80 km), deeper, stained, diverse, precipitation-dominated stream. Run timing differences were associated with differences in stream thermal regimes. Age and size at maturity differences are likely due to differences in age-specific mortality rates. Fish in the shallow spring-fed system suffered higher adult predation rates and exhibited greater egg to fry survival compared to fish in the precipitation-fed system. Salmon in both streams exhibited non-random nest site selection for deeper habitats and smaller substrates (≥2 to &lt;64 mm mean diameter) relative to available habitat; fish from the precipitation system avoided low velocity habitats containing fine (&lt;2 mm) substrates. Genetic comparisons of six microsatellite loci indicated that run time was a more effective reproductive isolating mechanism than geographical distance. Differences between and within the tributary spawning populations are discussed in terms of selection, genetic drift, and the homogenizing effects of gene flow. This study indicates important adaptive differences may exist between proximate spawning groups of salmon which should be considered when characterizing populations for conservation or management purposes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Washington","usgsCitation":"Woody, C.A., 1998, Ecological, morphological, genetic and life history characteristics of two sockeye salmon populations, Tustumena Lake, Alaska, vii, 117 p.","productDescription":"vii, 117 p.","numberOfPages":"134","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/5398?show=full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tustumena Lake","publicComments":"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Washington.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59103226e4b0e541a03a857c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70189290,"text":"70189290 - 1998 - Identification of polar bear den habitat in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:18:40","indexId":"70189290","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5410,"text":"Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Comission (SSC)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"19","title":"Identification of polar bear den habitat in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The goal of this project is to refine the information collected previously on maternal denning, into digital maps that show where polar bears are likely to create future dens in northern Alaska. Such maps will allow a priori recommendations regarding timing and geographic locations of proposed human developments; and hence provide managers with an important mitigation and management tool.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar bears: Proceedings of the twelfth Working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group (Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Group (SSC) no. 19)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"12th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group","conferenceDate":"February 3-7, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Oslo, Norway","language":"English","publisher":"IUCN","publisherLocation":"Gland, Switzerland","isbn":"2-8317-0459-6","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., and Garner, G.W., 1998, Identification of polar bear den habitat in northern Alaska, <i>in</i> Polar bears: Proceedings of the twelfth Working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group (Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Group (SSC) no. 19), Oslo, Norway, February 3-7, 1997, p. 141-145.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"145","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343489,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/7509"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59634097e4b0d1f9f059d80c","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Derocher, Andrew E.","contributorId":96189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derocher","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703963,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703964,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J.","contributorId":78421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703965,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiig, Oystein","contributorId":192053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiig","given":"Oystein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703966,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4}],"editors":[{"text":"Derocher, Andrew E.","contributorId":96189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derocher","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703959,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703960,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J.","contributorId":78421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703961,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiig, Oystein","contributorId":192053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiig","given":"Oystein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703962,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020703,"text":"70020703 - 1998 - The enormous Chillos Valley Lahar: An ash-flow-generated debris flow from Cotopaxi Volcano, Ecuador","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T01:17:56.146188","indexId":"70020703","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The enormous Chillos Valley Lahar: An ash-flow-generated debris flow from Cotopaxi Volcano, Ecuador","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p> The Chillos Valley Lahar (CVL), the largest Holocene debris flow in area and volume as yet recognized in the northern Andes, formed on Cotopaxi volcano's north and northeast slopes and descended river systems that took it 326 km north–northwest to the Pacific Ocean and 130+ km east into the Amazon basin. In the Chillos Valley, 40 km downstream from the volcano, depths of 80–160 m and valley cross sections up to 337 000 m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>are observed, implying peak flow discharges of 2.6–6.0 million m<sup>3</sup>/s. The overall volume of the CVL is estimated to be ≈3.8 km<sup>3</sup>. The CVL was generated approximately 4500 years BP by a rhyolitic ash flow that followed a small sector collapse on the north and northeast sides of Cotopaxi, which melted part of the volcano's icecap and transformed rapidly into the debris flow. The ash flow and resulting CVL have identical components, except for foreign fragments picked up along the flow path. Juvenile materials, including vitric ash, crystals, and pumice, comprise 80–90% of the lahar's deposit, whereas rhyolitic, dacitic, and andesitic lithics make up the remainder. The sand-size fraction and the 2- to 10-mm fraction together dominate the deposit, constituting ≈63 and ≈15 wt.% of the matrix, respectively, whereas the silt-size fraction averages less than ≈10 wt.% and the clay-size fraction less than 0.5 wt.%. Along the 326-km runout, these particle-size fractions vary little, as does the sorting coefficient (average=2.6). There is no tendency toward grading or improved sorting. Limited bulking is recognized. The CVL was an enormous non-cohesive debris flow, notable for its ash-flow origin and immense volume and peak discharge which gave it characteristics and a behavior akin to large cohesive mudflows. Significantly, then, ash-flow-generated debris flows can also achieve large volumes and cover great areas; thus, they can conceivably affect large populated regions far from their source. Especially dangerous, therefore, are snow-clad volcanoes with recent silicic ash-flow histories such as those found in the Andes and Alaska.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004450050188","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Mothes, P., Hall, M., and Janda, R.J., 1998, The enormous Chillos Valley Lahar: An ash-flow-generated debris flow from Cotopaxi Volcano, Ecuador: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 59, no. 4, p. 233-244, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450050188.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"244","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","otherGeospatial":"Cotopaxi Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.71548764041404,\n              -0.45536889273464\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.71548764041404,\n              -0.9002829276047208\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.212863128695,\n              -0.9002829276047208\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.212863128695,\n              -0.45536889273464\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.71548764041404,\n              -0.45536889273464\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babcde4b08c986b3230a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mothes, P.A.","contributorId":24524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mothes","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, M.L.","contributorId":88827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janda, R. J. 0000-0002-3251-8088","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3251-8088","contributorId":64693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janda","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187529,"text":"70187529 - 1998 - Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T12:26:38","indexId":"70187529","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5384,"text":"Cultural Resources Management","printIssn":"1068-4999","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials","docAbstract":"<p>Geographical information systems are rapidly becoming essential tools for land management. They provide a way to link landscape features to the wide variety of information that managers must consider when formulating plans for a site, designing site improvement and restoration projects, determining maintenance projects and protocols, and even interpreting the site. At the same time, they can be valuable research tools.</p><p>Standing structures offer a different sort of geography, even though a humanly contrived one. Therefore, the capability of a geographical information system (GIS) to link geographical units to the information pertinent to the site and resource management can be employed in the management of standing structures. This was the idea that inspired the use of a GIS software, ArcView, to link computer aided design CAD) drawings of the Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials with inventories of the stones in the memorials. Both the CAD drawings and the inventory were in existence; what remained to be done was to modify the CAD files and place the inventory in an appropriately designed computerized database, and then to link the two in a GIS project. This work was carried out at the NPS Denver Service Center, Resource Planning Group, Applied Archaeology Center (DSC-RPG-AAC), in Silver Spring, Maryland, with the assistance of US/ICOMOS summer interns Katja Marasovic (Croatia) and Rastislav Gromnica (Slovakia), under the supervision of AAC office manager Douglas Comer. Project guidance was provided by Tony Donald, the Denver Service Center (DSC) project architect for the restoration of the Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials, and GIS consultation services by Kyle Joly.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Joly, K., Donald, T., and Comer, D., 1998, Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials: Cultural Resources Management, v. 21, no. 2, p. 17-18.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps70980/lps70980/www.nps.gov/CRMJournal/CRM.html"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59103229e4b0e541a03a857e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donald, Tony","contributorId":191811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donald","given":"Tony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Comer, Douglas","contributorId":191812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comer","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020637,"text":"70020637 - 1998 - Microsatellites identify depredated waterfowl remains from glaucous gull stomachs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020637","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microsatellites identify depredated waterfowl remains from glaucous gull stomachs","docAbstract":"Prey remains can provide valuable sources of information regarding causes of predation and the species composition of a predator's diet. Unfortunately, the highly degraded state of many prey samples from gastrointestinal tracts often precludes unambiguous identification. We describe a procedure by which PCR amplification of taxonomically informative microsatellite loci were used to identify species of waterfowl predated by glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus). We found that one microsatellite locus unambiguously distinguished between species of the subfamily Anserinae (whistling ducks, geese and swans) and those of the subfamily Anatidae (all other ducks). An additional locus distinguished the remains of all geese and swan species known to nest on the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta in western Alaska. The study focused on two waterfowl species which have experienced precipitous declines in population numbers: emperor geese (Chen canagica) and spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri). No evidence of predation on spectacled eiders was observed. Twenty-six percent of all glaucous gull stomachs examined contained the remains of juvenile emperor geese.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00434.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K., and Bowman, T.D., 1998, Microsatellites identify depredated waterfowl remains from glaucous gull stomachs: Molecular Ecology, v. 7, no. 10, p. 1401-1405, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00434.x.","startPage":"1401","endPage":"1405","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206978,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00434.x"},{"id":231460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56a3e4b0c8380cd6d70d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, K.T.","contributorId":97033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowman, Timothy D.","contributorId":80779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020542,"text":"70020542 - 1998 - Carbon isotopic comparisons of oil products used in the developmental history of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020542","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotopic comparisons of oil products used in the developmental history of Alaska","docAbstract":"Studies of the fate of oil released into Prince William Sound, AK, as a result of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, have led to an unexpected discovery. In addition to oil-like residues attributed to the spill, the ubiquitous presence of flattened tar balls, the carbon isotopic compositions of which fall within a surprisingly narrow range [??13C(PDB) = -23.7 ?? 0.3??? (n = 65)], were observed on the shorelines of the northern and western parts of the sound. These compositions are similar to those of some oil products [-23.7 ?? 0.7??? (n = 35)] that were shipped from California and used in Alaska for fuel, lubrication, construction, and paving before ~ 1970. These products include fuel oil, asphalt, and lubricants [-23.8 ?? 0.5??? (n = 11)], caulking, sealants, and roofing tar [-23.7 ?? 0.7??? (n = 16)], and road pavements and airport runways [-23.5 ?? 0.9??? (n = 8)]. Fuel oil and asphalt [-23.5 ?? 0.1??? (n = 3)], stored at the old Valdez town site and spilled during the 1964 Alaskan earthquake, appear to be the source of most of the beached tar balls. Oil products with lighter carbon isotopic compositions, between -25 and -30??? (n = 18), appear to have been used more recently in Alaska, that is, after ~ 1970. The source of some of the products used for modern pavement and runways [-29.3 ?? 0.2??? (n = 6)] is likely Alaskan North Slope crude oil, an example of which was spilled in the 1989 oil spill [-29.2??? (n = 1)].","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00097-7","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., Carlson, P., Warden, A., and Threlkeld, C.N., 1998, Carbon isotopic comparisons of oil products used in the developmental history of Alaska: Chemical Geology, v. 152, no. 1-2, p. 73-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00097-7.","startPage":"73","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206874,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00097-7"},{"id":231066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f367e4b0c8380cd4b7b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, P.R.","contributorId":97055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warden, A.","contributorId":41946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Threlkeld, C. N.","contributorId":80271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Threlkeld","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020505,"text":"70020505 - 1998 - Winter and early spring CO2 efflux from tundra communities of northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-02T15:37:14.928114","indexId":"70020505","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter and early spring CO2 efflux from tundra communities of northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Carbon dioxide concentrations through snow were measured in different arctic tundra communities on the North Slope of Alaska during winter and early spring of 1996. Subnivean CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations were always higher than atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. A steady state diffusion model was used to generate conservative estimates of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;flux to the atmosphere. The magnitude of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;efflux differed with tundra community type, and rates of carbon release increased from March to May. Winter CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;efflux was highest in riparian and snow bed communities and lowest in dry heath, upland tussock, and wet sedge communities. Snow generally accrues earlier in winter and is deeper in riparian and snow bed communities compared with other tundra communities, which are typically windswept and do not accumulate much snow during the winter. These results support the hypothesis that early and deep snow accumulation may insulate microbial populations from very cold temperatures, allowing sites with earlier snow cover to sustain higher levels of activity throughout winter compared to communities that have later developing snow cover. Extrapolating our estimates of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;efflux to the entire snow-covered season indicates that total carbon flux during winter in the Arctic is 13–109 kg CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-C ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, depending on the vegetation community type. Wintertime CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;flux is a potentially important, yet largely overlooked, part of the annual carbon cycle of tundra, and carbon release during winter should be accounted for in estimates of annual carbon balance in arctic ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JD00805","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Fahnestock, J.T., Jones, M., Brooks, P.D., Walker, D., and Welker, J., 1998, Winter and early spring CO2 efflux from tundra communities of northern Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 103, no. D22, p. 29023-29027, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD00805.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"29023","endPage":"29027","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487493,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd00805","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231062,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"D22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd136e4b08c986b32f2cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fahnestock, J. T.","contributorId":54545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fahnestock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, M.H.","contributorId":75716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, P. D.","contributorId":46060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walker, D.A.","contributorId":82484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Welker, J.M.","contributorId":82868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welker","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020440,"text":"70020440 - 1998 - A model of northern pintail productivity and population growth rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T17:30:35","indexId":"70020440","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model of northern pintail productivity and population growth rate","docAbstract":"<p><span>Our objective was to synthesize individual components of reproductive ecology into a single estimate of productivity and to assess the relative effects of survival and productivity on population dynamics. We used information on nesting ecology, renesting potential, and duckling survival of northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) collected on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Y-K Delta), Alaska, 1991-95, to model the number of ducklings produced under a range of nest success and duckling survival probabilities. Using average values of 25% nest success, 11% duckling survival, and 56% renesting probability from our study population, we calculated that all young in our population were produced by 13% of the breeding females, and that early-nesting females produced more young than later-nesting females. Further, we calculated, on average, that each female produced only 0.16 young females/nesting season. We combined these results with estimates of first-year and adult survival to examine the growth rate (X) of the population and the relative contributions of these demographic parameters to that growth rate. Contrary to aerial survey data, the population projection model suggests our study population is declining rapidly (X = 0.6969). The relative effects on population growth rate were 0.1175 for reproductive success, 0.1175 for first-year survival, and 0.8825 for adult survival. Adult survival had the greatest influence on X for our population, and this conclusion was robust over a range of survival and productivity estimates. Given published estimates of annual survival for adult females (61%), our model suggested nest success and duckling survival need to increase to approximately 40% to achieve population stability. We discuss reasons for the apparent discrepancy in population trends between our model and aerial surveys in terms of bias in productivity and survival estimates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802565","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Grand, J.B., and Rockwell, R.F., 1998, A model of northern pintail productivity and population growth rate: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 62, no. 3, p. 1110-1118, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802565.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1110","endPage":"1118","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"62","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e480e4b0c8380cd46687","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rockwell, Robert F.","contributorId":172752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6989,"text":"American Museum of Natural History","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180696,"text":"70180696 - 1998 - Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in polar bears from eastern Russia, North America, Greenland, and Svalbard: Biomonitoring of Arctic pollution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-19T16:12:39","indexId":"70180696","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in polar bears from eastern Russia, North America, Greenland, and Svalbard: Biomonitoring of Arctic pollution","docAbstract":"<p><span>Adipose tissue samples from polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) were obtained by necropsy or biopsy between the spring of 1989 to the spring of 1993 from Wrangel Island in Russia, most of the range of the bear in North America, eastern Greenland, and Svalbard. Samples were divided into 16 regions corresponding as much as possible to known stocks or management zones. Concentrations of dieldrin (DIEL), 4,4'-DDE (DDE), sum of 16 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (sigma PCB), and sum of 11 chlordane-related compounds and metabolites (sigma CHL) were determined. In order to minimize the effect of age, only data for adults (320 bears age 5 years and older) was used to compare concentrations among regions. Concentrations of sigma PCB were 46% higher in adult males than females, and there was no significant trend with age. Concentrations of sigma CHL were 30% lower in adult males than females. Concentrations of sigma PCB, sigma CHL, and DDE in individual adult female bears were standardized to adult males using factors derived from the least-square means of each sex category, and geometric means of the standardized concentrations on a lipid weight basis were compared among regions. Median geometric mean standardized concentrations (lipid weight basis) and ranges among regions were as follows: sigma PCB, 5,942 (2,763-24,316) micrograms/kg; sigma CHL, 1,952 (727-4,632) micrograms/kg; DDE, 219 (52-560) micrograms/kg; DIEL, 157 (31-335) micrograms/kg. Geometric mean sigma PCB concentrations in bears from Svalbard, East Greenland, and the Arctic Ocean near Prince Patrick Island in Canada were similar (20,256-24,316 micrograms/kg) and significantly higher than most other areas. Atmospheric, oceanic, and ice transport, as well as ecological factors may contribute to these high concentrations of sigma PCB. sigma CHL was more uniformly distributed among regions than the other CHCs. Highest sigma CHL concentrations were found in southeastern Hudson Bay, which also had the highest DDE and DIEL concentrations. In general, concentrations of sigma CHL, DDE, and DIEL were higher in eastern than western regions, suggesting an influence of North American sources. Average sigma PCB concentrations in bears from the Canadian Arctic were similar to those in 1982-84, while average sigma CHL and DDE concentrations were 35-44% lower and DIEL was 90% lower. However, the significance of these temporal trends during the 1980s is not conclusive because of the problems of comparability of data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449900387","usgsCitation":"Norstrom, R.J., Belikov, S., Born, E., Garner, G., Malone, B., Olpinski, S., Ramsay, M., Schliebe, S., Stirling, I., Sitshov, M., Taylor, M., and Wiig, Ø., 1998, Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in polar bears from eastern Russia, North America, Greenland, and Svalbard: Biomonitoring of Arctic pollution: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 35, no. 2, p. 354-367, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900387.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"367","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Denmark, Norway, United States, Russia","otherGeospatial":"Arctic, Greenland, Svalbard","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b9e4b072a7ac129936","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norstrom, R. J.","contributorId":69936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norstrom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belikov, Stanislav","contributorId":19513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belikov","given":"Stanislav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Born, E.W.","contributorId":7508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Born","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garner, G.W.","contributorId":80218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Malone, B.","contributorId":179004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28152,"text":"Malone Associates, Ottawa, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olpinski, S.","contributorId":179003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olpinski","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28153,"text":"Makivik Corporation, Kuujuaq Research Centre, Kuujuaq, Quebec","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ramsay, M.A.","contributorId":179005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramsay","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13248,"text":"University of Saskatchewan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schliebe, S.","contributorId":27818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schliebe","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sitshov, M.S.","contributorId":179006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sitshov","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13276,"text":"Wrangel Island State Nature Reserve","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Taylor, M.K.","contributorId":33986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wiig, Øystein","contributorId":13469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"Øystein","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70180709,"text":"70180709 - 1998 - Certainty of paternity and paternal investment in eastern bluebirds and tree swallows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T14:52:57","indexId":"70180709","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Certainty of paternity and paternal investment in eastern bluebirds and tree swallows","docAbstract":"<p><span>Extra-pair paternity is common in many socially monogamous passerine birds with biparental care. Thus, males often invest in offspring to which they are not related. Models of optimal parental investment predict that, under certain assumptions, males should lower their investment in response to reduced certainty of paternity. We attempted to reduce certainty of paternity experimentally in two species, the eastern bluebird, <i>S</i></span><i>ialia sialis</i><span>, and the tree swallow,&nbsp;</span><i>Tachycineta bicolor</i><span>, by temporarily removing fertile females on two mornings during egg laying. In both species, experimental males usually attempted to copulate with the female immediately after her reappearance, suggesting that they experienced the absence of their mate as a threat to their paternity. Experimental males copulated at a significantly higher rate than control males. However, contrary to the prediction of the model, experimental males did not invest less than control males in their offspring. There was no difference between experimental and control nests in the proportion of male feeds, male and female feeding rates, nestling growth and nestling condition and size at age 14 days. We argue that females might have restored the males’ confidence in paternity after the experiment by soliciting or accepting copulations. Alternatively, males may not reduce their effort, because the fitness costs to their own offspring may outweigh the benefits for the males, at least in populations where females cannot fully compensate for reduced male investment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/anbe.1997.0667","usgsCitation":"Kempenaers, B., Lanctot, R.B., and Robertson, R.J., 1998, Certainty of paternity and paternal investment in eastern bluebirds and tree swallows: Animal Behaviour, v. 55, no. 4, p. 845-860, https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1997.0667.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"845","endPage":"860","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b8e4b072a7ac129932","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kempenaers, Bart","contributorId":54943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempenaers","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13130,"text":"Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Raleigh J.","contributorId":179015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Raleigh","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4448,"text":"cir1163 - 1998 - Water quality in the central Nebraska basins, Nebraska, 1992-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T10:53:57","indexId":"cir1163","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1163","title":"Water quality in the central Nebraska basins, Nebraska, 1992-95","docAbstract":"<p>This report is intended to summarize major findings that emerged between 1992 and 1995 from the water-quality assessment of the Central Nebraska Basins Study Unit and to relate these findings to water-quality issues of regional and national concern. The information is primarily intended for those who are involved in waterresource management. Indeed, this report addresses many of the concerns raised by regulators, water-utility managers, industry representatives, and other scientists, engineers, public officials, and members of stakeholder groups who provided advice and input to the USGS during this NAWQA Study-Unit investigation. Yet, the information contained here may also interest those who simply wish to know more about the quality of water in the rivers and aquifers in the area where they live.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/cir1163","isbn":"0607891157","usgsCitation":"Frenzel, S., Swanson, R.B., Huntzinger, T., Stamer, J., Emmons, P., and Zelt, R.B., 1998, Water quality in the central Nebraska basins, Nebraska, 1992-95: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1163, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1163.","productDescription":"33 p.","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1163.jpg"},{"id":455,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Nebraska Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.2841796875,\n              41.32732632036622\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.712646484375,\n              40.3549167507906\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.042236328125,\n              40.413496049701955\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.591552734375,\n              40.75557964275589\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.23974609375,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.569091796875,\n              40.40513069752789\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.107421875,\n              40.55554790286311\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.777587890625,\n              40.95501133048621\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.87646484375,\n              41.19518982948959\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.634521484375,\n              41.6154423246811\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.733154296875,\n              42.05745022024682\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.67822265625,\n              42.80346172417078\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.01904296874999,\n              42.93229601903058\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.37109375,\n              42.771211138625894\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.591064453125,\n              42.601619944327965\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.349365234375,\n              42.819580715795915\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.360595703125,\n              42.67435857693381\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.96533203125,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.3720703125,\n              41.46742831254425\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.317138671875,\n              41.3850519497068\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2841796875,\n              41.32732632036622\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9a01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frenzel, S.A.","contributorId":9246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frenzel","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, R. B.","contributorId":10032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"R.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huntzinger, T.L.","contributorId":67503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntzinger","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stamer, J. K.","contributorId":47753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamer","given":"J. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Emmons, P.J.","contributorId":60630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmons","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zelt, R. B.","contributorId":34913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":23800,"text":"ofr0051 - 1998 - Land cover mapping of the National Park Service northwest Alaska management area using Landsat multispectral and thematic mapper satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T13:15:52","indexId":"ofr0051","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-51","title":"Land cover mapping of the National Park Service northwest Alaska management area using Landsat multispectral and thematic mapper satellite data","docAbstract":"<p>A land cover map of the National Park Service northwest Alaska management area was produced using digitally processed Landsat data. These and other environmental data were incorporated into a geographic information system to provide baseline information about the nature and extent of resources present in this northwest Alaskan environment.</p><p>This report details the methodology, depicts vegetation profiles of the surrounding landscape, and describes the different vegetation types mapped. Portions of nine Landsat satellite (multispectral scanner and thematic mapper) scenes were used to produce a land cover map of the Cape Krusenstern National Monument and Noatak National Preserve and to update an existing land cover map of Kobuk Valley National Park Valley National Park. A Bayesian multivariate classifier was applied to the multispectral data sets, followed by the application of ancillary data (elevation, slope, aspect, soils, watersheds, and geology) to enhance the spectral separation of classes into more meaningful vegetation types. The resulting land cover map contains six major land cover categories (forest, shrub, herbaceous, sparse/barren, water, other) and 19 subclasses encompassing 7 million hectares. General narratives of the distribution of the subclasses throughout the project area are given along with vegetation profiles showing common relationships between topographic gradients and vegetation communities. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0051","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., and Wesser, S., 1998, Land cover mapping of the National Park Service northwest Alaska management area using Landsat multispectral and thematic mapper satellite data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-51, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0051.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53019,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b4187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, C. J.","contributorId":66729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wesser, Sara","contributorId":20357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesser","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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