{"pageNumber":"219","pageRowStart":"5450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10465,"records":[{"id":70032947,"text":"70032947 - 2009 - Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032947","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city","docAbstract":"Saline waste waters from industrial and water treatment processes are an under-utilized resource in desert urban environments. Management practices to safely use these water sources are still in development. We used a deeprooted native halophyte, Atriplex lentiformis (quailbush), to absorb mildly saline effluent (1800 mg l-1 total dissolved solids, mainly sodium sulfate) from a water treatment plant in the desert community of Twentynine Palms, California. We developed a deficit irrigation strategy to avoid discharging water past the root zone to the aquifer. The plants were irrigated at about one-third the rate of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculated from meteorological data over five years and soil moisture levels were monitored to a soil depth of 4.7 m at monthly intervals with a neutron hydroprobe. The deficit irrigation schedule maintained the soil below field capacity throughout the study. Water was presented on a more or less constant schedule, so that the application rates were less than ETo in summer and equal to or slightly greater than ETo in winter, but the plants were able to consume water stored in the profile in winter to support summer ET. Sodium salts gradually increased in the soil profile over the study but sulfate levels remained low, due to formation of gypsum in the calcic soil. The high salt tolerance, deep roots, and drought tolerance of desert halophytes such as A. lentiformis lend these plants to use as deficit-irrigated landscape plants for disposal of effluents in urban setting when protection of the aquifer is important. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape and Urban Planning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008","issn":"01692","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Mckeon, C., Gerhart, V., Nagler, P., Jordan, F., and Artiola, J., 2009, Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 89, no. 3-4, p. 57-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008.","startPage":"57","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213578,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008"},{"id":241216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe36e4b0c8380cd4ebc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mckeon, C.","contributorId":83342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mckeon","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerhart, V.","contributorId":71006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordan, F.","contributorId":80622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Artiola, J.","contributorId":82136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artiola","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036738,"text":"70036738 - 2009 - Mercury and trace element contents of Donbas coals and associated mine water in the vicinity of Donetsk, Ukraine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:26:53","indexId":"70036738","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury and trace element contents of Donbas coals and associated mine water in the vicinity of Donetsk, Ukraine","docAbstract":"<p>Mercury-rich coals in the Donets Basin (Donbas region) of Ukraine were sampled in active underground mines to assess the levels of potentially harmful elements and the potential for dispersion of metals through use of this coal. For 29 samples representing c<sub>11</sub> to m<sub>3</sub> Carboniferous coals, mercury contents range from 0.02 to 3.5 ppm (whole-coal dry basis). Mercury is well correlated with pyritic sulfur (0.01 to 3.2 wt.%), with an r<sup>2</sup> of 0.614 (one outlier excluded). Sulfides in these samples show enrichment of minor constituents in late-stage pyrite formed as a result of interaction of coal with hydrothermal fluids. Mine water sampled at depth and at surface collection points does not show enrichment of trace metals at harmful levels, indicating pyrite stability at subsurface conditions. Four samples of coal exposed in the defunct open-cast Nikitovka mercury mines in Gorlovka have extreme mercury contents of 12.8 to 25.5 ppm. This coal was formerly produced as a byproduct of extracting sandstone-hosted cinnabar ore. Access to these workings is unrestricted and small amounts of extreme mercury-rich coal are collected for domestic use, posing a limited human health hazard. More widespread hazards are posed by the abandoned Nikitovka mercury processing plant, the extensive mercury mine tailings, and mercury enrichment of soils extending into residential areas of Gorlovka.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.003","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., Panov, B., Panov, Y., Landa, E.R., Conko, K., Korchemagin, V., Shendrik, T., and McCord, J., 2009, Mercury and trace element contents of Donbas coals and associated mine water in the vicinity of Donetsk, Ukraine: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 79, no. 3, p. 83-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"91","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217625,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.003"}],"country":"Ukraine","otherGeospatial":"Donbas mines","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              37.0,\n              49.0\n            ],\n            [\n              37.0,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              38.4,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              38.4,\n              49.0\n            ],\n            [\n              37.0,\n              49.0\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53e4e4b0c8380cd6cdb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, A. 0000-0002-5768-4533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":10947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Panov, B.S.","contributorId":79735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panov","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panov, Y.B.","contributorId":13071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panov","given":"Y.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conko, K.M. 0000-0001-6361-4921","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":37503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Korchemagin, V.A.","contributorId":83767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korchemagin","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shendrik, T.","contributorId":47210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shendrik","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCord, J.D.","contributorId":74199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCord","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036737,"text":"70036737 - 2009 - Comparison of monkeypox viruses pathogenesis in mice by in vivo imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:36:39","indexId":"70036737","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of monkeypox viruses pathogenesis in mice by in vivo imaging","docAbstract":"Monkeypox viruses (MPXV) cause human monkeypox, a zoonotic smallpox-like disease endemic to Africa, and are of worldwide public health and biodefense concern. Using viruses from the Congo (MPXV-2003-Congo-358) and West African (MPXV-2003-USA-044) clades, we constructed recombinant viruses that express the luciferase gene (MPXV-Congo/Luc+and MPXV-USA-Luc+) and compared their viral infection in mice by biophotonic imaging. BALB/c mice became infected by both MPXV clades, but they recovered and cleared the infection within 10 days post-infection (PI). However, infection in severe combined immune deficient (SCID) BALB/c mice resulted in 100% lethality. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of both MPXV-Congo and MPXV-Congo/Luc+resulted in a systemic clinical disease and the same mean time-to-death at 9 (??0) days post-infection. Likewise, IP injection of SCID-BALB/c mice with MPXV-USA or the MPXV-USA-Luc+, resulted in similar disease but longer (P<0.05) mean time-to-death (11??0 days) for both viruses compared to the Congo strains. Imaging studies in SCID mice showed luminescence in the abdomen within 24 hours PI with subsequent spread elsewhere. Animals infected with the MPXV-USA/Luc+had less intense luminescence in tissues than those inoculated with MPXV-Congo/Luc+, and systemic spread of the MPXV-USA/Luc+virus occurred approximately two days later than the MPXV-Congo/Luc+. The ovary was an important target for viral replication as evidenced by the high viral titers and immunohistochemistry. These studies demonstrate the suitability of a mouse model and biophotonic imaging to compare the disease progression and tissue tropism of MPX viruses.","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0006592","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Osorio, J., Iams, K.P., Meteyer, C.U., and Rocke, T.E., 2009, Comparison of monkeypox viruses pathogenesis in mice by in vivo imaging: PLoS ONE, v. 4, no. 8, e6592; 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006592.","productDescription":"e6592; 10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476241,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006592","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217624,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006592"}],"volume":"4","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f878e4b0c8380cd4d11a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osorio, Jorge E.","contributorId":50392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osorio","given":"Jorge E.","affiliations":[{"id":13052,"text":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iams, Keith P.","contributorId":81343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iams","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032425,"text":"70032425 - 2009 - Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032425","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA","docAbstract":"The Everglades (Florida, USA) is one of the world's larger subtropical peatlands with biological communities adapted to waters low in total dissolved solids and nutrients. Detecting how the pre-drainage hydrological system has been altered is crucial to preserving its functional attributes. However, reliable tools for hindcasting historic conditions in the Everglades are limited. A recent synthesis demonstrates that the proportion of surface-water inflows has increased relative to precipitation, accounting for 33% of total inputs compared with 18% historically. The largest new source of water is canal drainage from areas of former wetlands converted to agriculture. Interactions between groundwater and surface water have also increased, due to increasing vertical hydraulic gradients resulting from topographic and water-level alterations on the otherwise extremely flat landscape. Environmental solute tracer data were used to determine groundwater's changing role, from a freshwater storage reservoir that sustained the Everglades ecosystem during dry periods to a reservoir of increasingly degraded water quality. Although some of this degradation is attributable to increased discharge of deep saline groundwater, other mineral sources such as fertilizer additives and peat oxidation have made a greater contribution to water-quality changes that are altering mineral-sensitive biological communities. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x","issn":"14312","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., and McCormick, P., 2009, Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 185-201, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x.","startPage":"185","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476265,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213879,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x"},{"id":241545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dc4e4b0c8380cd5c004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, P.V.","contributorId":93272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036632,"text":"70036632 - 2009 - Size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:02:23","indexId":"70036632","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic margin","docAbstract":"Assessment of the probability for destructive landslide-generated tsunamis depends on the knowledge of the number, size, and frequency of large submarine landslides. This paper investigates the size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic continental slope and rise using the size of the landslide source regions (landslide failure scars). Landslide scars along the margin identified in a detailed bathymetric Digital Elevation Model (DEM) have areas that range between 0.89??km<sup>2</sup> and 2410??km<sup>2</sup> and volumes between 0.002??km<sup>3</sup> and 179??km<sup>3</sup>. The area to volume relationship of these failure scars is almost linear (inverse power-law exponent close to 1), suggesting a fairly uniform failure thickness of a few 10s of meters in each event, with only rare, deep excavating landslides. The cumulative volume distribution of the failure scars is very well described by a log-normal distribution rather than by an inverse power-law, the most commonly used distribution for both subaerial and submarine landslides. A log-normal distribution centered on a volume of 0.86??km<sup>3</sup> may indicate that landslides preferentially mobilize a moderate amount of material (on the order of 1??km<sup>3</sup>), rather than large landslides or very small ones. Alternatively, the log-normal distribution may reflect an inverse power law distribution modified by a size-dependent probability of observing landslide scars in the bathymetry data. If the latter is the case, an inverse power-law distribution with an exponent of 1.3 ?? 0.3, modified by a size-dependent conditional probability of identifying more failure scars with increasing landslide size, fits the observed size distribution. This exponent value is similar to the predicted exponent of 1.2 ?? 0.3 for subaerial landslides in unconsolidated material. Both the log-normal and modified inverse power-law distributions of the observed failure scar volumes suggest that large landslides, which have the greatest potential to generate damaging tsunamis, occur infrequently along the margin. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.007","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Chaytor, J., ten Brink, U., Solow, A., and Andrews, B., 2009, Size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic margin: Marine Geology, v. 264, no. 1-2, p. 16-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.007.","startPage":"16","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217474,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.007"}],"volume":"264","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b911ae4b08c986b319769","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaytor, J.D.","contributorId":80936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solow, A.R.","contributorId":9404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solow","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andrews, B.D.","contributorId":87737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036630,"text":"70036630 - 2009 - Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:47:20","indexId":"70036630","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens","docAbstract":"Arc magmatism at subduction zones (SZs) most voluminously supplies juvenile igneous material to build rafts of continental and intra-oceanic or island arc (CIA) crust. Return or recycling of accumulated CIA material to the mantle is also most vigorous at SZs. Recycling is effected by the processes of sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and detachment and sinking of deeply underthrust sectors of CIA crust. Long-term (&gt;10-20 Ma) rates of additions and losses can be estimated from observational data gathered where oceanic crust underruns modern, long-running (Cenozoic to mid-Mesozoic) ocean-margin subduction zones (OMSZs, e.g. Aleutian and South America SZs). Long-term rates can also be observationally assessed at Mesozoic and older crust-suturing subduction zone (CSSZs) where thick bodies of CIA crust collided in tectonic contact (e.g. Wopmay and Appalachian orogens, India and SE Asia). At modern OMSZs arc magmatic additions at intra-oceanic arcs and at continental margins are globally estimated at c. 1.5 AU and c. 1.0 AU, respectively (1 AU, or Armstrong Unit,= 1 km<sup>3</sup> a<sup>-1</sup> of solid material). During collisional suturing at fossil CSSZs, global arc magmatic addition is estimated at 0.2 AU. This assessment presumes that in the past the global length of crustal collision zones averaged c. 6000 km, which is one-half that under way since the early Tertiary. The average long-term rate of arc magmatic additions extracted from modern OMSZs and older CSSZs is thus evaluated at 2.7 AU. Crustal recycling at Mesozoic and younger OMSZs is assessed at c. 60 km<sup>3</sup> Ma<sup>-1</sup> km<sup>-1</sup> (c. 60% by subduction erosion). The corresponding global recycling rate is c. 2.5 AU. At CSSZs of Mesozoic, Palaeozoic and Proterozoic age, the combined upper and lower plate losses of CIA crust via subduction erosion, sediment subduction, and lower plate crustal detachment and sinking are assessed far less securely at c. 115 km<sup>3</sup> Ma<sup>-1</sup> km<sup>-1</sup>. At a global length of 6000 km, recycling at CSSZs is accordingly c. 0.7 AU. The collective loss of CIA crust estimated for modern OMSZs and for older CSSZs is thus estimated at c. 3.2 AU. SZ additions (2.7 AU) and subtractions (23.2 AU) are similar. Because many uncertainties and assumptions are involved in assessing and applying them to the deep past, the net growth of CIA crust during at least Phanerozoic time is viewed as effectively nil. With increasing uncertainty, the long-term balance can be applied to the Proterozoic, but not before the initiation of the present style of subduction at c. 3 Ga. Allowing that since this time a rounded-down rate of recycling of 3 AU is applicable, a startlingly high volume of CIA crust equal to that existing now has been recycled to the mantle. Although the recycled volume (c. 9 ?? 10<sup>9</sup> km<sup>3</sup>) is small (c. 1%) compared with that of the mantle, it is large enough to impart to the mantle the signature of recycled CIA crust. Because subduction zones are not spatially fixed, and their average global lengths have episodically been less or greater than at present, recycling must have contributed significantly to creating recognized heterogeneities in mantle geochemistry. ?? The Geological Society of London 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1144/SP318.4","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D., and von Huene, R.E., 2009, Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 318, p. 105-125, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP318.4.","startPage":"105","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/SP318.4"}],"issue":"318","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3922e4b0c8380cd617f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036626,"text":"70036626 - 2009 - Compression-cuticle relationship of seed ferns: Insights from liquid-solid states FTIR (Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic, Canada-Spain-Argentina)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036626","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compression-cuticle relationship of seed ferns: Insights from liquid-solid states FTIR (Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic, Canada-Spain-Argentina)","docAbstract":"Cuticles have been macerated from suitably preserved compressed fossil foliage by Schulze's process for the past 150 years, whereas the physical-biochemical relationship between the \"coalified layer\" with preserved cuticle as a unit has hardly been investigated, although they provide complementary information. This relationship is conceptualized by an analogue model of the anatomy of an extant leaf: \"vitrinite (mesophyll) + cuticle (biomacropolymer) = compression\". Alkaline solutions from Schulze's process as a proxy for the vitrinite, are studied by means of liquid-solid states Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, cuticle-free coalified layers and fossilized cuticles of seed ferns mainly from Canada, Spain and Argentina of Late Pennsylvanian-Late Triassic age are included in the study sample. Infrared data of cuticle and alkaline solutions differ which is primarily contingent on the mesophyll +biomacropolymer characteristics. The compression records two pathways of organic matter transformation. One is the vitrinized component that reflects the diagenetic-post-diagenetic coalification history parallel with the evolution of the associated coal seam. The other is the cuticle that reflects the sum-total of evolutionary pathway of the biomacropolymer, its monomeric, or polymeric fragmentation, though factors promoting preservation include entombing clay minerals and lower pH conditions. Caution is advised when interpreting liquid-state-based FTIR data, as some IR signals may have resulted from the interaction of Schulze's process with the cuticular biochemistry. A biochemical-study course for taphonomy is suggested, as fossilized cuticles, cuticle-free coalified layers, and compressions are responses to shared physicogeochemical factors. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.001","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Zodrow, E., D’Angelo, J.A., Mastalerz, M., and Keefe, D., 2009, Compression-cuticle relationship of seed ferns: Insights from liquid-solid states FTIR (Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic, Canada-Spain-Argentina): International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 79, no. 3, p. 61-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.001.","startPage":"61","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217814,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.001"},{"id":245786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f946e4b0c8380cd4d539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zodrow, E.L.","contributorId":99328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zodrow","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Angelo, J. A.","contributorId":35133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Angelo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keefe, D.","contributorId":25019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036593,"text":"70036593 - 2009 - A simplified water temperature model for the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:59:04","indexId":"70036593","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simplified water temperature model for the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam","docAbstract":"Glen Canyon Dam, located on the Colorado River in northern Arizona, has affected the physical, biological and cultural resources of the river downstream in Grand Canyon. One of the impacts to the downstream physical environment that has important implications for the aquatic ecosystem is the transformation of the thermal regime from highly variable seasonally to relatively constant year-round, owing to hypolimnetic releases from the upstream reservoir, Lake Powell. Because of the perceived impacts on the downstream aquatic ecosystem and native fish communities, the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program has considered modifications to flow releases and release temperatures designed to increase downstream temperatures. Here, we present a new model of monthly average water temperatures below Glen Canyon Dam designed for first-order, relatively simple evaluation of various alternative dam operations. The model is based on a simplified heat-exchange equation, and model parameters are estimated empirically. The model predicts monthly average temperatures at locations up to 421 km downstream from the dam with average absolute errors less than 0.58C for the dataset considered. The modelling approach used here may also prove useful for other systems, particularly below large dams where release temperatures are substantially out of equilibrium with meteorological conditions. We also present some examples of how the model can be used to evaluate scenarios for the operation of Glen Canyon Dam.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1179","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., Anderson, C., and Voichick, N., 2009, A simplified water temperature model for the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam: River Research and Applications, v. 25, no. 6, p. 675-686, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1179.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"686","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217758,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1179"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e595e4b0c8380cd46e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, S.A.","contributorId":90080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, C.R.","contributorId":37181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voichick, N.","contributorId":7118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voichick","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032458,"text":"70032458 - 2009 - Turbulent stresses and secondary currents in a tidal-forced channel with significant curvature and asymmetric bed forms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T17:29:25.087434","indexId":"70032458","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turbulent stresses and secondary currents in a tidal-forced channel with significant curvature and asymmetric bed forms","docAbstract":"<div class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1 hlFld-Abstract\"><p>Acoustic Doppler current profilers are deployed to measure both the mean flow and turbulent properties in a channel with significant curvature. Direct measurements of the Reynolds stress show a significant asymmetry over the tidal cycle where stresses are enhanced during the flood tide and less prominent over the ebb tide. This asymmetry is corroborated by logarithmic fits using<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mn>10</mn><mspace width=&quot;0.3em&quot; /><mi>min</mi></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mn\">10</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">min</span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">10min</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>averaged velocity data. A smaller yet similar tendency asymmetry in drag coefficient is inferred by fitting the velocity and estimated large-scale pressure gradient to a one-dimensional along-channel momentum balance. This smaller asymmetry is consistent with recent modeling work simulating regional flows in the vicinity of the study site. The asymmetry in drag suggests the importance of previously reported bed forms for this channel and demonstrates spatial and temporarily variations in bed stress. Secondary circulation patterns observed in a relatively straight section of channel appear driven by local curvature rather than being remotely forced by the regions of significant curvature only a few hundred meters from the measurement site.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2009)135:3(198)","usgsCitation":"Fong, D., Monismith, S., Stacey, M., and Burau, J., 2009, Turbulent stresses and secondary currents in a tidal-forced channel with significant curvature and asymmetric bed forms: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 135, no. 3, p. 198-208, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2009)135:3(198).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8f4e4b08c986b327b3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fong, D.A.","contributorId":27624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stacey, M.T.","contributorId":82874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036546,"text":"70036546 - 2009 - A critical evaluation of crustal dehydration as the cause of an overpressured and weak San Andreas Fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036546","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A critical evaluation of crustal dehydration as the cause of an overpressured and weak San Andreas Fault","docAbstract":"Many plate boundary faults, including the San Andreas Fault, appear to slip at unexpectedly low shear stress. One long-standing explanation for a \"weak\" San Andreas Fault is that fluid release by dehydration reactions during regional metamorphism generates elevated fluid pressures that are localized within the fault, reducing the effective normal stress. We evaluate this hypothesis by calculating realistic fluid production rates for the San Andreas Fault system, and incorporating them into 2-D fluid flow models. Our results show that for a wide range of permeability distributions, fluid sources from crustal dehydration are too small and short-lived to generate, sustain, or localize fluid pressures in the fault sufficient to explain its apparent mechanical weakness. This suggests that alternative mechanisms, possibly acting locally within the fault zone, such as shear compaction or thermal pressurization, may be necessary to explain a weak San Andreas Fault. More generally, our results demonstrate the difficulty of localizing large fluid pressures generated by regional processes within near-vertical fault zones. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.009","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Fulton, P., Saffer, D., and Bekins, B., 2009, A critical evaluation of crustal dehydration as the cause of an overpressured and weak San Andreas Fault: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 284, no. 3-4, p. 447-454, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.009.","startPage":"447","endPage":"454","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217613,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.009"},{"id":245569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"284","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e39fe4b0c8380cd46135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulton, P.M.","contributorId":47552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saffer, D.M.","contributorId":72945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saffer","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034682,"text":"70034682 - 2009 - Proximate causes of sexual size dimorphism in horseshoe crabs (Limulus Polyphemus) of the Delaware Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034682","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proximate causes of sexual size dimorphism in horseshoe crabs (Limulus Polyphemus) of the Delaware Bay","docAbstract":"The unresolved status of the proximate cause for sexual size dimorphism in horseshoe crabs has practical consequence, because harvest recommendations rely on assumptions about sex-specific growth and maturity. We propose and evaluate competing hypotheses for the proximate cause of sexual size dimorphism in horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) by comparing size and estimated age frequencies from spring-captured juveniles (n = 9,075) and adults (n = 36,274) to predictions from the competing hypotheses. We found that the number of identifiable juvenile size distributions was greater for females than males and the probability of remaining a juvenile was higher for females than males among older juveniles. These findings are consistent with males maturing earlier than females. Molt increments and mean sizes were similar for male and female juveniles, which is not consistent with differential growth. Among adults, one size distribution accounted for ???90% of females regardless of carapace wear. Also, size ratio of adult females to males was 1.26, and size ratio of the largest adult to largest juvenile female was 1.28. These observations are not consistent with females continuing to molt as adults. Differential-maturity is the most parsimonious explanation for sexual size dimorphism in Delaware Bay horseshoe crabs. In addition, because of a low frequency of juvenile females >195 mm relative to adult females and male-biased sex ratios starting at 105 mm, we hypothesize that females, more than males, migrate as older juveniles and mature in the ocean. Management implications include that (1) minimum size limits, as previously suggested, would not allocate harvest to older adults as intended because size does not indicate age among adult horseshoe crabs in the Delaware Bay population, and (2) the Shuster Horseshoe Crab Reserve, which has reduced harvest on the continental shelf, could be protecting older juveniles and newly mature females from harvest prior to their first spawn.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Shellfish Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2983/035.028.0225","issn":"07308000","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Mandt, M., and Macdonald, P., 2009, Proximate causes of sexual size dimorphism in horseshoe crabs (Limulus Polyphemus) of the Delaware Bay: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 28, no. 2, p. 405-417, https://doi.org/10.2983/035.028.0225.","startPage":"405","endPage":"417","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215954,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.028.0225"},{"id":243791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8fb7e4b0c8380cd7f907","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mandt, M.T.","contributorId":36776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandt","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macdonald, P.D.M.","contributorId":33550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"P.D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034525,"text":"70034525 - 2009 - NMR imaging of fluid exchange between macropores and matrix in eogenetic karst","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034525","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NMR imaging of fluid exchange between macropores and matrix in eogenetic karst","docAbstract":"Sequential time-step images acquired using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) show the displacement of deuterated water (D<sub>2</sub>O) by fresh water within two limestone samples characterized by a porous and permeable limestone matrix of peloids and ooids. These samples were selected because they have a macropore system representative of some parts of the eogenetic karst limestone of the Biscayne Aquifer in southeastern Florida. The macroporosity, created by the trace fossil Ophiomorpha, is principally well connected and of centimeter scale. These macropores occur in broadly continuous stratiform zones that create preferential flow layers within the hydrogeologic units of the Biscayne. This arrangement of porosity is important because in coastal areas, it could produce a preferential pathway for salt water intrusion. Two experiments were conducted in which samples saturated with D<sub>2</sub>O were placed in acrylic chambers filled with fresh water and examined with NMR. Results reveal a substantial flux of fresh water into the matrix porosity with a simultaneous loss of D <sub>2</sub>O. Specifically, we measured rates upward of 0.001 mL/h/g of sample in static conditions, and perhaps as great as 0.07 mL/h/g of sample when fresh water continuously flows past a sample at velocities less than those found within stressed areas of the Biscayne. These experiments illustrate how fresh water and D<sub>2</sub>O, with different chemical properties, migrate within one type of matrix porosity found in the Biscayne. Furthermore, these experiments are a comparative exercise in the displacement of sea water by fresh water in the matrix of a coastal, karst aquifer since D<sub>2</sub>O has a greater density than fresh water. ?? 2008 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00526.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Florea, L., Cunningham, K., and Altobelli, S., 2009, NMR imaging of fluid exchange between macropores and matrix in eogenetic karst: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 3, p. 382-390, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00526.x.","startPage":"382","endPage":"390","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216004,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00526.x"},{"id":243843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6148e4b0c8380cd718bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Florea, L.J.","contributorId":22968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Florea","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, K.J.","contributorId":39852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Altobelli, S.","contributorId":99794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altobelli","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037405,"text":"70037405 - 2009 - Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T11:12:20","indexId":"70037405","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>Effective remediation requires an understanding of the relative contributions of metals from all sources in a catchment, and that understanding must be based on a spatially detailed quantification of metal loading. A traditional approach to quantifying metal loading has been to measure discharge and chemistry at a catchment outlet. This approach can quantify annual loading and the temporal changes in load, but does not provide the needed spatial detail to evaluate specific sources, which is needed to support remediation decisions. A catchment or mass-loading approach provides spatial detail by combining tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling methods to quantify loading. Examples of studies in American Fork, Utah, and its tributary Mary Ellen Gulch illustrate this different approach. The mass-loading study in American Fork treated Mary Ellen Gulch as a single inflow. From that point of view, Mary Ellen Gulch was one of the greatest sources of Fe, Mn, Zn, and colloidal Pb loads to American Fork. But when Mary Ellen Gulch was evaluated in a separate catchment study, the detailed locations of metal loading were identified, and the extent of metal attenuation upstream from the mouth of Mary Ellen Gulch was quantified. The net, instantaneous load measured at the mouth of Mary Ellen Gulch for remediation planning would greatly underestimate the contributions of principal sources within the catchment. Extending the detailed sampling downstream from Mary Ellen Gulch indicated the possibility of diffuse groundwater inflow from Mary Ellen Gulch to American Fork. Comparing loads for Mary Ellen Gulch in the two studies indicates that metal loads could be substantially underestimated for planning purposes without the detailed catchment approach for the low-flow conditions in these studies. A mass-loading approach provides both the needed quantification of metal loading and the spatial detail to guide remediation decisions that would be the most effective in the catchments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R., 2009, Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 28, no. 4, p. 274-290, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"290","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217180,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5"},{"id":245102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94c4e4b08c986b31ac36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037335,"text":"70037335 - 2009 - The Mackenzie River magnetic anomaly, Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada-Evidence for Early Proterozoic magmatic arc crust at the edge of the North American craton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T01:31:08.687103","indexId":"70037335","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Mackenzie River magnetic anomaly, Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada-Evidence for Early Proterozoic magmatic arc crust at the edge of the North American craton","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id16\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id17\"><p>We characterize the nature of the source of the high-amplitude, long-wavelength, Mackenzie River magnetic anomaly (MRA), Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada, based on magnetic field data collected at three different altitudes: 300&nbsp;m, 3.5&nbsp;km and 400&nbsp;km. The MRA is the largest amplitude (13&nbsp;nT) satellite magnetic anomaly over Canada. Within the extent of the MRA, source depth estimates (8–12&nbsp;km) from Euler deconvolution of low-altitude aeromagnetic data show coincidence with basement depths interpreted from reflection seismic data. Inversion of high-altitude (3.5&nbsp;km) aeromagnetic data produces an average magnetization of 2.5&nbsp;A/m within a 15- to 35-km deep layer, a value typical of magmatic arc complexes. Early Proterozoic magmatic arc rocks have been sampled to the southeast of the MRA, within the Fort Simpson magnetic anomaly. The MRA is one of several broad-scale magnetic highs that occur along the inboard margin of the Cordillera in Canada and Alaska, which are coincident with geometric changes in the thrust front transition from the mobile belt to stable cratonic North America. The inferred early Proterozoic magmatic arc complex along the western edge of the North American craton likely influenced later tectonic evolution, by acting as a buttress along the inboard margin of the Cordilleran fold-and-thrust belt.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.006","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Pilkington, M., and Saltus, R.W., 2009, The Mackenzie River magnetic anomaly, Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada-Evidence for Early Proterozoic magmatic arc crust at the edge of the North American craton: Tectonophysics, v. 478, no. 1-2, p. 78-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.006.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -141.9231524878373,\n              70.5011522204561\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.9231524878373,\n              62.23973717171185\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.54693911496128,\n              62.23973717171185\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.54693911496128,\n              70.5011522204561\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.9231524878373,\n              70.5011522204561\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"478","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7c6e4b08c986b3217b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilkington, M.","contributorId":105476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilkington","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037161,"text":"70037161 - 2009 - Response to critique by lucas et al. (2009) of paper by Fassett (2009) documenting Paleocene dinosaurs in the San Juan Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037161","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2997,"text":"Palaeontologia Electronica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to critique by lucas et al. (2009) of paper by Fassett (2009) documenting Paleocene dinosaurs in the San Juan Basin","docAbstract":"In this issue of Palaeontologia Electronica Lucas, et al. (2009) question the validity f the Fassett (2009) paper that presented evidence for Paleocene dinosaurs in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado. Their challenges focus primarily on the lithostratigraphy, palynology, and paleomagnetism of the dinosaur-bearing Ojo Alamo Sandstone, shown by Fassett to be of Paleocene age. The lithostratigraphy of the Ojo Alamo is addressed by Lucas et al. (2009) based on detailed studies of outcrops of this formation in two relatively small areas in the southern San Juan Basin where Ojo Alamo dinosaur fossils have been found. When viewed over its 13,000 km2 extent, the Ojo Alamo is seen to be a much more complex formation than these authors recognize, thus their perception and description of the lithostratigraphy of this rock unit is limited and provincial. Fassett (2009) presented a detailed discussion of the palynology of the rocks adjacent to the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) interface in the San Juan Basin, including a 67-page appendix and 25 tables listing the 244 palynomorph species identified from these strata. The Ojo Alamo Sandstone produced 103 palynomorphs from five principal localities including one especially prolific sample set from drill core through K-T strata. Without exception, all samples collected from the Ojo Alamo Sandstone for palynologic analysis were found to contain Paleocene palynomorph assemblages. Lucas et al. challenge only one Ojo Alamo palynomorph assemblage from one of the five areas studied, stating that they were unable to find palynomorph-productive samples at that locality. They submit no new palynologic data that refutes the Paleocene palynologic age of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone. In addressing the paleomagnetism of the Ojo Alamo, these authors dismiss the presence of a critical normal-polarity magnetochron discovered in the lower part of the Ojo Alamo - magnetochron C29n.2n of Fassett (2009) with no evidence to justify this dismissal. This magnetochron has been identified at five localities in the basin, thus its existence seems unquestionable. At the Mesa Portales locality, this normal chron was found in Ojo Alamo strata containing Paleocene palynomorph assemblages verifying its identification as chron C29n. Other minor arguments of Lucas et al. (2009) are also addressed in this paper. In sum, Lucas et al. (2009) present no new data to contradict the data presented in Fassett (2009).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeontologia Electronica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10948074","usgsCitation":"Fassett, J., 2009, Response to critique by lucas et al. (2009) of paper by Fassett (2009) documenting Paleocene dinosaurs in the San Juan Basin: Palaeontologia Electronica, v. 12, no. 2.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa8de4b0c8380cd863cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fassett, J.E.","contributorId":68758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fassett","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037159,"text":"70037159 - 2009 - Geometry of the Nojima fault at Nojima-Hirabayashi, Japan - II. Microstructures and their implications for permeability and strength","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T12:12:44.361458","indexId":"70037159","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geometry of the Nojima fault at Nojima-Hirabayashi, Japan - II. Microstructures and their implications for permeability and strength","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>Samples of damage-zone granodiorite and fault core from two drillholes into the active, strike-slip Nojima fault zone display microstructures and alteration features that explain their measured present-day strengths and permeabilities and provide insight on the evolution of these properties in the fault zone. The least deformed damage-zone rocks contain two sets of nearly perpendicular (60–90° angles), roughly vertical fractures that are concentrated in quartz-rich areas, with one set typically dominating over the other. With increasing intensity of deformation, which corresponds generally to increasing proximity to the core, zones of heavily fragmented rock, termed microbreccia zones, develop between prominent fractures of both sets. Granodiorite adjoining intersecting microbreccia zones in the active fault strands has been repeatedly fractured and locally brecciated, accompanied by the generation of millimeter-scale voids that are partly filled with secondary minerals. Minor shear bands overprint some of the heavily deformed areas, and small-scale shear zones form from the pairing of closely spaced shear bands. Strength and permeability measurements were made on core collected from the fault within a year after a major (Kobe) earthquake. Measured strengths of the samples decrease regularly with increasing fracturing and fragmentation, such that the gouge of the fault core and completely brecciated samples from the damage zone are the weakest. Permeability increases with increasing disruption, generally reaching a peak in heavily fractured but still more or less cohesive rock at the scale of the laboratory samples. Complete loss of cohesion, as in the gouge or the interiors of large microbreccia zones, is accompanied by a reduction of permeability by 1-2 orders of magnitude below the peak values. The core samples show abundant evidence of hydrothermal alteration and mineral precipitation. Permeability is thus expected to decrease and strength to increase somewhat in active fault strands between earthquakes, as mineral deposits progressively seal fractures and fill pore spaces.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-009-0513-2","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Moore, D., Lockner, D., Ito, H., Ikeda, R., Tanaka, H., and Omura, K., 2009, Geometry of the Nojima fault at Nojima-Hirabayashi, Japan - II. Microstructures and their implications for permeability and strength: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 166, no. 10-11, p. 1669-1691, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-009-0513-2.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1669","endPage":"1691","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"166","issue":"10-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2771e4b0c8380cd598c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":106496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ito, H.","contributorId":15800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ito","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ikeda, R.","contributorId":51887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeda","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tanaka, H.","contributorId":35521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Omura, K.","contributorId":8598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Omura","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037154,"text":"70037154 - 2009 - Enantiomer fractions of chlordane components in sediment from U.S. Geological Survey sites in lakes and rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:10:57","indexId":"70037154","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enantiomer fractions of chlordane components in sediment from U.S. Geological Survey sites in lakes and rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatial, temporal, and sediment-type trends in enantiomer signatures were evaluated for&nbsp;</span><i>cis</i><span>- and&nbsp;</span><i>trans</i><span>-chlordane (CC, TC) in archived core, suspended, and surficial-sediment samples from six lake, reservoir, and river sites across the United States. The enantiomer fractions (EFs) measured in these samples are in good agreement with those reported for sediment, soil, and air samples in previous studies. The chlordane EFs were generally close to the racemic value of 0.5, with CC values ranging from 0.493 to 0.527 (usually &gt;0.5) and TC values from 0.463 to 0.53 (usually &lt;0.5). EF changes with core depth were detected for TC and CC in some cores, with the most non-racemic values near the top of the core. Surficial and suspended sediments generally have EF values similar to the top core layers but are often more non-racemic, indicating that enantioselective degradation is occurring before soils are eroded and deposited into bottom sediments. We hypothesize that rapid losses (desorption or degradation) from suspended sediments of the more bioavailable chlordane fraction during transport and initial deposition could explain the apparent shift to more racemic EF values in surficial and top core sediments. Near racemic CC and TC in the core profiles suggest minimal alteration of chlordane from biotic degradation, unless it is via non-enantioselective processes. EF values for the heptachlor degradate, heptachlor epoxide (HEPX), determined in surficial sediments from one location only were always non-racemic (EF</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>≈</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.66), were indicative of substantial biotic processing, and followed reported EF trends.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.023","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Ulrich, E., Foreman, W., Van Metre, P., Wilson, J., and Rounds, S., 2009, Enantiomer fractions of chlordane components in sediment from U.S. Geological Survey sites in lakes and rivers: Science of the Total Environment, v. 407, no. 22, p. 5884-5893, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.023.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"5884","endPage":"5893","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217220,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.023"}],"volume":"407","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0919e4b0c8380cd51de2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulrich, E.M.","contributorId":10956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulrich","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, P. C.","contributorId":92999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, J.T.","contributorId":97489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rounds, S.A.","contributorId":88395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037127,"text":"70037127 - 2009 - Lysimetric evaluation of simplified surface energy balance approach in the Texas high plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037127","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":833,"text":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lysimetric evaluation of simplified surface energy balance approach in the Texas high plains","docAbstract":"Numerous energy balance (EB) algorithms have been developed to make use of remote sensing data to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) regionally. However, most EB models are complex to use and efforts are being made to simplify procedures mainly through the scaling of reference ET. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) is one such method. This approach has never been evaluated using measured ET data. In this study, the SSEB approach was applied to 14 Landsat TM images covering a major portion of the Southern High Plains that were acquired during 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons. Performance of the SSEB was evaluated by comparing estimated ET with measured daily ET from four large monolithic lysimeters at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Texas. Statistical evaluation of results indicated that the SSEB accounted for 84% of the variability in the measured ET values with a slope and intercept of 0.75 and 1.1 mm d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Considering the minimal amount of ancillary data required and excellent performance in predicting daily ET, the SSEB approach is a promising tool for mapping ET in the semiarid Texas High Plains and in other parts of the world with similar hydro-climatic conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08838542","usgsCitation":"Gowda, P., Senay, G., Howell, T., and Marek, T., 2009, Lysimetric evaluation of simplified surface energy balance approach in the Texas high plains: Applied Engineering in Agriculture, v. 25, no. 5, p. 665-669.","startPage":"665","endPage":"669","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4aa5e4b0c8380cd68f1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gowda, P.H.","contributorId":63652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gowda","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howell, T.A.","contributorId":57694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marek, T.H.","contributorId":38815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marek","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037062,"text":"70037062 - 2009 - Probabilistic estimation of numbers and costs of future landslides in the San Francisco Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037062","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1812,"text":"Georisk","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic estimation of numbers and costs of future landslides in the San Francisco Bay region","docAbstract":"We used historical records of damaging landslides triggered by rainstorms and a newly developed Probabilistic Landslide Assessment Cost Estimation System (PLACES) to estimate the numbers and direct costs of future landslides in the 10-county San Francisco Bay region. Historical records of damaging landslides in the region are incomplete. Therefore, our estimates of numbers and costs of future landslides are minimal estimates. The estimated mean annual number of future damaging landslides for the entire 10-county region is about 65. Santa Cruz County has the highest estimated mean annual number of damaging future landslides (about 18), whereas Napa, San Francisco, and Solano Counties have the lowest estimated mean numbers of damaging landslides (about 1 each). The estimated mean annual cost of future landslides in the entire region is about US $14.80 million (year 2000 $). The estimated mean annual cost is highest for San Mateo County ($3.24 million) and lowest for Solano County ($0.18 million). The annual per capita cost for the entire region will be about $2.10. Santa Cruz County will have the highest annual per capita cost at $8.45, whereas San Francisco County will have the lowest per capita cost at $0.31. Normalising costs by dividing by the percentage of land area with slopes equal to or greater than 17% indicates that San Francisco County will have the highest cost per square km ($7,101), whereas Santa Clara County will have the lowest cost per square km ($229). These results indicate that the San Francisco Bay region has one of the highest levels of landslide risk in the United States. Compared with landslide cost estimates from the rest of the world, the risk level in the Bay region seems high, but not exceptionally high.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Georisk","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/17499510802713123","issn":"17499518","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., and Coe, J.A., 2009, Probabilistic estimation of numbers and costs of future landslides in the San Francisco Bay region: Georisk, v. 3, no. 4, p. 206-223, https://doi.org/10.1080/17499510802713123.","startPage":"206","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217274,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17499510802713123"},{"id":245207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c8fe4b0c8380cd7e75d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, J. A.","contributorId":8867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037060,"text":"70037060 - 2009 - Mapping Curie temperature depth in the western United States with a fractal model for crustal magnetization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037060","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping Curie temperature depth in the western United States with a fractal model for crustal magnetization","docAbstract":"We have revisited the problem of mapping depth to the Curie temperature isotherm from magnetic anomalies in an attempt to provide a measure of crustal temperatures in the western United States. Such methods are based on the estimation of the depth to the bottom of magnetic sources, which is assumed to correspond to the temperature at which rocks lose their spontaneous magnetization. In this study, we test and apply a method based on the spectral analysis of magnetic anomalies. Early spectral analysis methods assumed that crustal magnetization is a completely uncorrelated function of position. Our method incorporates a more realistic representation where magnetization has a fractal distribution defined by three independent parameters: the depths to the top and bottom of magnetic sources and a fractal parameter related to the geology. The predictions of this model are compatible with radial power spectra obtained from aeromagnetic data in the western United States. Model parameters are mapped by estimating their value within a sliding window swept over the study area. The method works well on synthetic data sets when one of the three parameters is specified in advance. The application of this method to western United States magnetic compilations, assuming a constant fractal parameter, allowed us to detect robust long-wavelength variations in the depth to the bottom of magnetic sources. Depending on the geologic and geophysical context, these features may result from variations in depth to the Curie temperature isotherm, depth to the mantle, depth to the base of volcanic rocks, or geologic settings that affect the value of the fractal parameter. Depth to the bottom of magnetic sources shows several features correlated with prominent heat flow anomalies. It also shows some features absent in the map of heat flow. Independent geophysical and geologic data sets are examined to determine their origin, thereby providing new insights on the thermal and geologic crustal structure of the western United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009JB006494","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bouligand, C., Glen, J., and Blakely, R., 2009, Mapping Curie temperature depth in the western United States with a fractal model for crustal magnetization: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006494.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476228,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-00498534","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217244,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006494"},{"id":245174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5044e4b0c8380cd6b574","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouligand, C.","contributorId":55928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouligand","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glen, J.M.G.","contributorId":38330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"J.M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037003,"text":"70037003 - 2009 - Multiple spring migration strategies in a population of Pacific Common Eiders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T11:04:52","indexId":"70037003","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple spring migration strategies in a population of Pacific Common Eiders","docAbstract":"Spring migration strategies vary within and among species. Examination of this variability extends our understanding of life histories and has implications for conservation. I used satellite transmitters to determine migration strategies and evaluate factors influencing the timing of spring migration of Pacific Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) that nest along the western Beaufort Sea coast. Adult females were marked at nesting colonies in the summers of 2000, 2001, and 2003, and were followed throughout spring migration the following year. Each year approximately equal proportions of eiders used three distinct migration strategies varying in duration, staging locations (waters near the Chukotka Peninsula, Russia, and the Chukchi and Beaufort seas, Alaska), and arrival dates at the nesting areas. It is unlikely that differences in the timing of movements to stopover sites in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas were a result of responses to changes in weather, particularly wind direction. Ice distribution and melt/movement patterns vary substantially among staging areas and thus may affect risk of starvation and reproductive potential. Long-term (decadal) changes in climate may favor birds using one strategy during \"warmer\" and another during \"colder\" years. ?? 2009 by The Cooper Ornithological Society. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1525/cond.2009.080078","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., 2009, Multiple spring migration strategies in a population of Pacific Common Eiders: Condor, v. 111, no. 1, p. 59-70, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080078.","startPage":"59","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488092,"rank":10001,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":486677,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JH3EXV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tracking Data for Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima)"},{"id":245138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217211,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080078"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a607de4b0c8380cd714c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036999,"text":"70036999 - 2009 - A method to assess longitudinal riverine connectivity in tropical streams dominated by migratory biota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70036999","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method to assess longitudinal riverine connectivity in tropical streams dominated by migratory biota","docAbstract":"1. One way in which dams affect ecosystem function is by altering the distribution and abundance of aquatic species. 2. Previous studies indicate that migratory shrimps have significant effects on ecosystem processes in Puerto Rican streams, but are vulnerable to impediments to upstream or downstream passage, such as dams and associated water intakes where stream water is withdrawn for human water supplies. Ecological effects of dams and water withdrawals from streams depend on spatial context and temporal variability of flow in relation to the amount of water withdrawn. 3. This paper presents a conceptual model for estimating the probability that an individual shrimp is able to migrate from a stream's headwaters to the estuary as a larva, and then return to the headwaters as a juvenile, given a set of dams and water withdrawals in the stream network. The model is applied to flow and withdrawal data for a set of dams and water withdrawals in the Caribbean National Forest (CNF) in Puerto Rico. 4. The index of longitudinal riverine connectivity (ILRC), is used to classify 17 water intakes in streams draining the CNF as having low, moderate, or high connectivity in terms of shrimp migration in both directions. An in-depth comparison of two streams showed that the stream characterized by higher water withdrawal had low connectivity, even during wet periods. Severity of effects is illustrated by a drought year, where the most downstream intake caused 100% larval shrimp mortality 78% of the year. 5. The ranking system provided by the index can be used as a tool for conservation ecologists and water resource managers to evaluate the relative vulnerability of migratory biota in streams, across different scales (reach-network), to seasonally low flows and extended drought. This information can be used to help evaluate the environmental tradeoffs of future water withdrawals. ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/aqc.1025","issn":"10527613","usgsCitation":"Crook, K., Pringle, C.M., and Freeman, M.C., 2009, A method to assess longitudinal riverine connectivity in tropical streams dominated by migratory biota: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 19, no. 6, p. 714-723, https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1025.","startPage":"714","endPage":"723","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1025"},{"id":245075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e45fe4b0c8380cd465f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crook, K.E.","contributorId":19410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crook","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pringle, C. M.","contributorId":72902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pringle","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036954,"text":"70036954 - 2009 - A biodetrital coral mound complex: Key to early diagenetic processes in the Mississippian Bangor Limestone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T14:13:48.169722","indexId":"70036954","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1184,"text":"Carbonates and Evaporites","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A biodetrital coral mound complex: Key to early diagenetic processes in the Mississippian Bangor Limestone","docAbstract":"<p>The Bangor Limestone is a Mississippian (Chesterian) shallow marine carbonate formation exposed over a large portion of the Interior Low Plateaus province of northern Alabama. It is dominated by oolitic grainstone and skeletal wackestone and packstone, but in one outcrop near Moulton, Alabama, the Bangor contains a five m thick, 25 m wide, oolite-biodetrital mound-tidal flat succession. This sequence is interpreted as a 4th order sea level cycle.</p><p>Four petrofacies (oolite, mound, skeletal and mudstone/dolomicrite) and four diagenetic phases (iron oxide, fibrous calcite cement, calcite spar cement and dolomite) are distinguished at the study site. Iron oxide, a minor component, stained and/or coated some ooids, intraclasts and skeletal components in the oolite petrofacies. Many of the allochems were stained prior to secondary cortical growth suggesting a short period of subaerial exposure during oolite sedimentation. The oolite petrofacies also contains minor amounts of fibrous calcite cement, a first generation marine cement, and rare infiltrated micrite that might represent a second phase of marine cement, or a first phase of meteoric cement (i.e., “vadose silt”) (Dunham 1969). Intergranular pore space in all four petrofacies is filled with up to three phases of meteoric calcite spar cement. The most complete record of meteoric cementation is preserved within coralline void spaces in the mound petrofacies and indicates precipitation in the following order: (1) non-ferroan scalenohedral spar, (2) ferroan drusy spar (0.1–0.4 wt% Fe<sup>2+</sup>) and (3) non-ferroan drusy spar. The first scalenohedral phase of meteoric cement is distributed throughout the oolite and mound petrofacies. The ferroan phase of meteoric,calcite is a void-filling cement that is abundant in the mound petrofacies and less common in the skeletal and mudstone/dolomicrite petrofacies. Non-ferroan drusy calcite is pervasive throughout the Bangor Limestone at the Moulton study site.</p><p>Growth of the fourth diagenetic phase, dolomite, was the dominant event in the micrite/dolomicrite petrofacies, particularly just below an irregular surface overlain by a brecciated interval. The irregular surface is interpreted as an exposure surface. Three phases of dolomite occur below the exposure surface. The majority is finely crystalline, anhedral, and enriched in Si<sup>4+</sup>, criteria which support a supratidal or mixed hypersaline έteoric origin. Secondary phases of coarser euhedral non-ferroan and ferroan dolomite are restricted to fenestrae and other voids in the micrite/dolomicrite petrofacies and were precipitated during subsequent meteoric diagenesis.</p><p>Diagenesis of the Bangor Limestone at the Moulton outcrop was dominated by synsedimentary and very early meteoric processes driven by periods of subaerial exposure. Large voids within the mound petrofacies were particularly important, as they remained open long enough to record a more detailed early meteoric cement stratigraphy that might not be evident in Bangor Limestone outcrops elsewhere in Alabama.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03228058","issn":"08912556","usgsCitation":"Haywick, D., Kopaska-Merkel, D., and Bersch, M., 2009, A biodetrital coral mound complex: Key to early diagenetic processes in the Mississippian Bangor Limestone: Carbonates and Evaporites, v. 24, no. 1, p. 77-92, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03228058.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"92","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":383598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Alabama","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.08837890625,\n              33.284619968887675\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.40771484375,\n              33.284619968887675\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.40771484375,\n              34.994003757575776\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.08837890625,\n              34.994003757575776\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.08837890625,\n              33.284619968887675\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e325e4b0c8380cd45e3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haywick, D.W.","contributorId":7039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywick","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kopaska-Merkel, D. C.","contributorId":21314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kopaska-Merkel","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bersch, M.G.","contributorId":62862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bersch","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036949,"text":"70036949 - 2009 - Morphology of late Quaternary submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:00:17","indexId":"70036949","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology of late Quaternary submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic continental margin","docAbstract":"The nearly complete coverage of the U.S. Atlantic continental slope and rise by multibeam bathymetry and backscatter imagery provides an opportunity to reevaluate the distribution of submarine landslides along the margin and reassess the controls on their formation. Landslides can be divided into two categories based on their source areas: those sourced in submarine canyons and those sourced on the open continental slope and rise. Landslide distribution is in part controlled by the Quaternary history of the margin. They cover 33% of the continental slope and rise of the glacially influenced New England margin, 16% of the sea floor offshore of the fluvially dominated Middle Atlantic margin, and 13% of the sea floor south of Cape Hatteras. The headwall scarps of open-slope sourced landslides occur mostly on the lower slope and upper rise while they occur mostly on the upper slope in the canyon-sourced ones. The deposits from both landslide categories are generally thin (mostly 20-40??m thick) and comprised primarily of Quaternary material, but the volumes of the open-slope sourced landslide deposits can be larger (1-392??km<sup>3</sup>) than the canyon-sourced ones (1-10??km<sup>3</sup>). The largest failures are located seaward of shelf-edge deltas along the southern New England margin and near salt domes that breach the sea floor south of Cape Hatteras. The spatial distribution of landslides indicates that earthquakes associated with rebound of the glaciated part of the margin or earthquakes associated with salt domes were probably the primary triggering mechanism although other processes may have pre-conditioned sediments for failure. The largest failures and those that have the potential to generate the largest tsunamis are the open-slope sourced landslides.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2009.01.009","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Chaytor, J., ten Brink, U., and Buczkowski, B., 2009, Morphology of late Quaternary submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic continental margin: Marine Geology, v. 264, no. 1-2, p. 4-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2009.01.009.","startPage":"4","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476296,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2966","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217693,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2009.01.009"},{"id":245653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"264","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e57e4b0c8380cd7098c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chaytor, J.D.","contributorId":80936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buczkowski, B.","contributorId":101123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buczkowski","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036911,"text":"70036911 - 2009 - Females increase reproductive investment in response to helper-mediated improvements in allo-feeding, nest survival, nestling provisioning and post-fledging survival in the Karoo scrub-robin Cercotrichas coryphaeus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036911","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Females increase reproductive investment in response to helper-mediated improvements in allo-feeding, nest survival, nestling provisioning and post-fledging survival in the Karoo scrub-robin Cercotrichas coryphaeus","docAbstract":"In many cooperatively-breeding species, the presence of one or more helpers improves the reproductive performance of the breeding pair receiving help. Helper contributions can take many different forms, including allo-feeding, offspring provisioning, and offspring guarding or defence. Yet, most studies have focussed on single forms of helper contribution, particularly offspring provisioning, and few have evaluated the relative importance of a broader range of helper contributions to group reproductive performance. We examined helper contributions to multiple components of breeding performance in the Karoo scrub-robin Cercotrichas coryphaeus, a facultative cooperative breeder. We also tested a prediction of increased female investment in reproduction when helpers improve conditions for rearing young. Helpers assisted the breeding male in allo-feeding the incubating female, increasing allo-feeding rates. Greater allo-feeding correlated with greater female nest attentiveness during incubation. Nest predation was substantially lower among pairs breeding with a helper, resulting in a 74% increase in the probability of nest survival. Helper contributions to offspring provisioning increased nestling feeding rates, resulting in a reduced incidence of nestling starvation and increased nestling mass. Nestling mass had a strong, positive effect on post-fledging survival. Controlling for female age and habitat effects, annual production of fledged young was 130% greater among pairs breeding with a helper, and was influenced most strongly by helper correlates with nest survival, despite important helper effects on offspring provisioning. Females breeding with a helper increased clutch size, supporting the prediction of increased female investment in reproduction in response to helper benefits. ?? 2009 J. Avian Biol.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04642.x","issn":"09088857","usgsCitation":"Lloyd, P., Andrew, T.W., du Plessis, M.A., and Martin, T.E., 2009, Females increase reproductive investment in response to helper-mediated improvements in allo-feeding, nest survival, nestling provisioning and post-fledging survival in the Karoo scrub-robin Cercotrichas coryphaeus: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 40, no. 4, p. 400-411, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04642.x.","startPage":"400","endPage":"411","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217547,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04642.x"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f7ee4b0c8380cd5390e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lloyd, P.","contributorId":62405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrew, Taylor W.","contributorId":45146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrew","given":"Taylor","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"du Plessis, Morne A.","contributorId":27723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Plessis","given":"Morne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, T. E.","contributorId":10911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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