Medicine Lake Volcano (MLV), located in the southern Cascades ∼ 55 km east-northeast of contemporaneous Mount Shasta, has been found by exploratory geothermal drilling to have a surprisingly silicic core mantled by mafic lavas. This unexpected result is very different from the long-held view derived from previous mapping of exposed geology that MLV is a dominantly basaltic shield volcano. Detailed mapping shows that < 6% of the ∼ 2000 km2 of mapped MLV lavas on this southern Cascade Range shield-shaped edifice are rhyolitic and dacitic, but drill holes on the edifice penetrated more than 30% silicic lava. Argon dating yields ages in the range ∼ 475 to 300 ka for early rhyolites. Dates on the stratigraphically lowest mafic lavas at MLV fall into this time frame as well, indicating that volcanism at MLV began about half a million years ago. Mafic compositions apparently did not dominate until ∼ 300 ka. Rhyolite eruptions were scarce post-300 ka until late Holocene time. However, a dacite episode at ∼ 200 to ∼ 180 ka included the volcano's only ash-flow tuff, which was erupted from within the summit caldera. At ∼ 100 ka, compositionally distinctive high-Na andesite and minor dacite built most of the present caldera rim. Eruption of these lavas was followed soon after by several large basalt flows, such that the combined area covered by eruptions between 100 ka and postglacial time amounts to nearly two-thirds of the volcano's area. Postglacial eruptive activity was strongly episodic and also covered a disproportionate amount of area. The volcano has erupted 9 times in the past 5200 years, one of the highest rates of late Holocene eruptive activity in the Cascades. Estimated volume of MLV is ∼ 600 km3, giving an overall effusion rate of ∼ 1.2 km3 per thousand years, although the rate for the past 100 kyr may be only half that. During much of the volcano's history, both dry HAOT (high-alumina olivine tholeiite) and hydrous calcalkaline basalts erupted together in close temporal and spatial proximity. Petrologic studies indicate that the HAOT magmas were derived by dry melting of spinel peridotite mantle near the crust mantle boundary. Subduction-derived H2O-rich fluids played an important role in the generation of calcalkaline magmas. Petrology, geochemistry and proximity indicate that MLV is part of the Cascades magmatic arc and not a Basin and Range volcano, although Basin and Range extension impinges on the volcano and strongly influences its eruptive style. MLV may be analogous to Mount Adams in southern Washington, but not, as sometimes proposed, to the older distributed back-arc Simcoe Mountains volcanic field.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.023","issn":"03770","usgsCitation":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., Grove, T., Lanphere, M.A., Champion, D.E., and Ramsey, D.W., 2008, Eruptive history and tectonic setting of Medicine Lake Volcano, a large rear-arc volcano in the southern Cascades: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 177, no. 2, p. 313-328, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.023.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"328","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213259,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.04.023"}],"volume":"177","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a57e4b0c8380cd522f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. 0000-0001-8714-9606 jdnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-9606","contributorId":3271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"Julie","email":"jdnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grove, Timothy L.","contributorId":68546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Timothy L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramsey, David W. 0000-0003-1698-2523 dramsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-2523","contributorId":3819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"David","email":"dramsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033650,"text":"70033650 - 2008 - Simulation assessment of the direct‐push permeameter for characterizing vertical variations in hydraulic conductivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T17:26:32","indexId":"70033650","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation assessment of the direct‐push permeameter for characterizing vertical variations in hydraulic conductivity","docAbstract":"The direct‐push permeameter (DPP) is a tool for the in situ characterization of hydraulic conductivity (K) in shallow, unconsolidated formations. This device, which consists of a short screened section with a pair of pressure transducers near the screen, is advanced into the subsurface with direct‐push technology. K is determined through a series of injection tests conducted between advancements. Recent field work by Butler et al. (2007) has shown that the DPP holds great potential for describing vertical variations in K at an unprecedented level of detail, accuracy and speed. In this paper, the fundamental efficacy of the DPP is evaluated through a series of numerical simulations. These simulations demonstrate that the DPP can provide accurate K information under conditions commonly faced in the field. A single DPP test provides an effective K for the domain immediately surrounding the interval between the injection screen and the most distant pressure transducer. Features that are thinner than that interval can be quantified by reducing the vertical distance between successive tests and analyzing the data from all tests simultaneously. A particular advantage of the DPP is that, unlike most other single borehole techniques, a low‐K skin or a clogged screen has a minimal impact on the K estimate. In addition, the requirement that only steady‐shape conditions be attained allows for a dramatic reduction in the time required for each injection test.
Seasonal fluctuations of plant biomass and photosynthesis are key features of the Earth system because they drive variability of atmospheric CO2, water and nutrient cycling, and food supply to consumers. There is no inventory of phytoplankton seasonal cycles in nearshore coastal ecosystems where forcings from ocean, land and atmosphere intersect. We compiled time series of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) from 114 estuaries, lagoons, inland seas, bays and shallow coastal waters around the world, and searched for seasonal patterns as common timing and amplitude of monthly variability. The data revealed a broad continuum of seasonal patterns, with large variability across and within ecosystems. This contrasts with annual cycles of terrestrial and oceanic primary producers for which seasonal fluctuations are recurrent and synchronous over large geographic regions. This finding bears on two fundamental ecological questions: (1) how do estuarine and coastal consumers adapt to an irregular and unpredictable food supply, and (2) how can we extract signals of climate change from phytoplankton observations in coastal ecosystems where local‐scale processes can mask responses to changing climate?
Because sea otters (Enhydra lutris) exert a wide array of direct and indirect effects on coastal marine ecosystems throughout their geographic range, we investigated the potential influence of sea otters on the ecology of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. We studied the diets, productivity, and density of breeding Bald Eagles on four islands during 1993–1994 and 2000–2002, when sea otters were abundant and scarce, respectively. Bald Eagles depend on nearshore marine communities for most of their prey in this ecosystem, so we predicted that the recent decline in otter populations would have an indirect negative effect on diets and demography of Bald Eagles. Contrary to our predictions, we found no effects on density of breeding pairs on four islands from 1993–1994 to 2000–2002. In contrast, diets and diet diversity of Bald Eagles changed considerably between the two time periods, likely reflecting a change in prey availability resulting from the increase and subsequent decline in sea otter populations. The frequency of sea otter pups, rock greenling (Hexagammus lagocephalus), and smooth lumpsuckers (Aptocyclus ventricosus) in the eagle's diet declined with corresponding increases in Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus), Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens), Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius), and various species of seabirds during the period of the recent otter population decline. Breeding success and productivity of Bald Eagles also increased during this time period, which may be due to the higher nutritional quality of avian prey consumed in later years. Our results provide further evidence of the wide-ranging indirect effects of sea otter predation on nearshore marine communities and another apex predator, the Bald Eagle. Although the indirect effects of sea otters are widely known, this example is unique because the food-web pathway transcended five species and several trophic levels in linking one apex predator to another.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/07-1818.1","usgsCitation":"Anthony, R., Estes, J.A., Ricca, M., Miles, A., and Forsman, E., 2008, Bald eagles and sea otters in the Aleutian Archipelago: indirect effects of trophic cascades.: Ecology, v. 89, no. 10, p. 2725-2735, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1818.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2725","endPage":"2735","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efade4b0c8380cd4a3c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, R.G.","contributorId":107641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ricca, M.A.","contributorId":103609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miles, A.K. 0000-0002-3108-808X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":85902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Forsman, E.D.","contributorId":88324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forsman","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030237,"text":"70030237 - 2008 - Overcompensatory response of a smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) population to harvest: Release from competition?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030237","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overcompensatory response of a smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) population to harvest: Release from competition?","docAbstract":"An intensive seven-year removal of adult, juvenile, and young-of-the-year smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from a north temperate lake (Little Moose Lake, New York, USA) resulted in an increase in overall population abundance, primarily due to increased abundance of immature individuals. We developed a density-dependent, stage-structured model to examine conditions under which population control through harvest could result in the increase of a targeted species. Parameter values were derived from a 54-year data set collected from another north temperate lake (Lake Opeongo, Ontario, Canada) smallmouth bass population. Sensitivity analyses identified the demographic conditions that could lead to increased abundance in response to harvest. An increase in population abundance with harvest was most likely to occur when either (i) per capita recruitment at low levels of spawner abundance was large, juvenile survivorship was high, and maturation of age-4 and older juveniles was moderately high or (ii) per capita recruitment at low levels of spawner abundance was slightly lower, yet the maturation rate of age-3 juveniles and adult survivorship were high. Our modeling results together with empirical evidence further demonstrate the importance of overcompensation as a substantial factor to consider in efforts to regulate population abundance through harvest. ?? 2008 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F08-133","issn":"07066","usgsCitation":"Zipkin, E., Sullivan, P., Cooch, E., Kraft, C., Shuter, B., and Weidel, B., 2008, Overcompensatory response of a smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) population to harvest: Release from competition?: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 65, no. 10, p. 2279-2292, https://doi.org/10.1139/F08-133.","startPage":"2279","endPage":"2292","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211739,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F08-133"}],"volume":"65","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a71d4e4b0c8380cd767a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zipkin, E.F.","contributorId":52790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"E.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullivan, P.J.","contributorId":38762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooch, E.G.","contributorId":40932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kraft, C.E.","contributorId":80610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraft","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shuter, B.J.","contributorId":6661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuter","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weidel, B.C.","contributorId":47978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70009748,"text":"70009748 - 2008 - Combined EPMA and SHRIMP analyses of xenotime to interpret the geochronological record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:25","indexId":"70009748","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Combined EPMA and SHRIMP analyses of xenotime to interpret the geochronological record","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","language":"English","doi":"10.1017/S1431927608081580","issn":"14319276","usgsCitation":"Lowers, H., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Mazdab, F., 2008, Combined EPMA and SHRIMP analyses of xenotime to interpret the geochronological record, in Microscopy and Microanalysis, v. 14, no. SUPPL. 2, p. 1278-1279, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927608081580.","startPage":"1278","endPage":"1279","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204916,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1431927608081580"},{"id":219106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"SUPPL. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7d5e4b0c8380cd4cd13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowers, H.A. 0000-0001-5360-9264","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":31843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"H.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazdab, F.K.","contributorId":11650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazdab","given":"F.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033682,"text":"70033682 - 2008 - Controls on mineralisation in the Sierra Foothills gold province, central California, USA: A GIS-based reconnaissance prospectivity analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033682","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":941,"text":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on mineralisation in the Sierra Foothills gold province, central California, USA: A GIS-based reconnaissance prospectivity analysis","docAbstract":"The assessment of spatial relationships between the location, abundance and size of orogenic-gold deposits in the highly endowed Sierra Foothills gold province in California, via the combination of field studies and a GIS-based analysis, illustrates the power of such an approach to the characterisation of important parameters of mineral systems, and the prediction of districts likely to host economic mineralisation. Regional- to deposit-scale reconnaissance mapping suggests that deposition of gold-bearing quartz veins occurred in second- and third-order, east-over-west thrusts during regional east - west compression and right-lateral transpression. At the district-scale, significant zones of mineralisation correspond with such transpressional reactivation zones and dilational jogs that developed during the Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous along the misaligned segments of first-order faults throughout the Sierra Nevada Foothills Metamorphic Belt. Field-based observations and interpretation of GIS data (including solid geology, structural elements, deposit locations, magnetics, gravity) also highlight the importance of structural permeability contrasts, rheological gradients, and variations in fault orientation for localising mineralisation. Although this approach confirms empirical findings and produces promising results at the province scale, enhanced geological, structural, geophysical and geochronological data density is required to generate regionally consistent, high-quality input layers that improve predictive targeting at the goldfield to deposit-scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/08120090701581398","issn":"08120099","usgsCitation":"Bierlein, F., Northover, H., Groves, D., Goldfarb, R., and Marsh, E., 2008, Controls on mineralisation in the Sierra Foothills gold province, central California, USA: A GIS-based reconnaissance prospectivity analysis: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 55, no. 1, p. 61-78, https://doi.org/10.1080/08120090701581398.","startPage":"61","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476809,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08120090701581398","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214523,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090701581398"},{"id":242257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbd1e4b0c8380cd4dfa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bierlein, F.P.","contributorId":74945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bierlein","given":"F.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Northover, H.J.","contributorId":39208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Northover","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marsh, E.E.","contributorId":16628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032881,"text":"70032881 - 2008 - Comparison of the egg flotation and egg candling techniques for estimating incubation day of Canada Goose nests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70032881","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of the egg flotation and egg candling techniques for estimating incubation day of Canada Goose nests","docAbstract":"Both egg flotation and egg candling have been used to estimate incubation day (often termed nest age) in nesting birds, but little is known about the relative accuracy of these two techniques. We used both egg flotation and egg candling to estimate incubation day for Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) nesting near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, from 2000 to 2007. We modeled variation in the difference between estimates of incubation day using each technique as a function of true incubation day, as well as, variation in error rates with each technique as a function of the true incubation day. We also evaluated the effect of error in the estimated incubation day on estimates of daily survival rate (DSR) and nest success using simulations. The mean difference between concurrent estimates of incubation day based on egg flotation minus egg candling at the same nest was 0.85 ?? 0.06 (SE) days. The positive difference in favor of egg flotation and the magnitude of the difference in estimates of incubation day did not vary as a function of true incubation day. Overall, both egg flotation and egg candling overestimated incubation day early in incubation and underestimated incubation day later in incubation. The average difference between true hatch date and estimated hatch date did not differ from zero (days) for egg flotation, but egg candling overestimated true hatch date by about 1 d (true - estimated; days). Our simulations suggested that error associated with estimating the incubation day of nests and subsequently exposure days using either egg candling or egg flotation would have minimal effects on estimates of DSR and nest success. Although egg flotation was slightly less biased, both methods provided comparable and accurate estimates of incubation day and subsequent estimates of hatch date and nest success throughout the entire incubation period. ?? 2008 Association of Field Ornithologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00181.x","issn":"02738","usgsCitation":"Reiter, M., and Andersen, D., 2008, Comparison of the egg flotation and egg candling techniques for estimating incubation day of Canada Goose nests: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 79, no. 4, p. 429-437, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00181.x.","startPage":"429","endPage":"437","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214058,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00181.x"},{"id":241745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8ace4b0c8380cd4d201","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiter, M.E.","contributorId":80065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiter","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, D. E.","contributorId":27816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033478,"text":"70033478 - 2008 - Fire severity and ecosytem responses following crown fires in California shrublands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T17:34:56","indexId":"70033478","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire severity and ecosytem responses following crown fires in California shrublands","docAbstract":"Chaparral shrublands burn in large high-intensity crown fires. Managers interested in how these wildfires affect ecosystem processes generally rely on surrogate measures of fire intensity known as fire severity metrics. In shrublands burned in the autumn of 2003, a study of 250 sites investigated factors determining fire severity and ecosystem responses.
Using structural equation modeling we show that stand age, prefire shrub density, and the shortest interval of the prior fire history had significant direct effects on fire severity, explaining >50% of the variation in severity.
Fire severity per se is of interest to resource managers primarily because it is presumed to be an indicator of important ecosystem processes such as vegetative regeneration, community recovery, and erosion. Fire severity contributed relatively little to explaining patterns of regeneration after fire. Two generalizations can be drawn: fire severity effects are mostly short-lived, i.e., by the second year they are greatly diminished, and fire severity may have opposite effects on different functional types.
Species richness exhibited a negative relationship to fire severity in the first year, but fire severity impacts were substantially less in the second postfire year and varied by functional type. Much of this relationship was due to alien plants that are sensitive to high fire severity; at all scales from 1 to 1000 m2, the percentage of alien species in the postfire flora declined with increased fire severity. Other aspects of disturbance history are also important determinants of alien cover and richness as both increased with the number of times the site had burned and decreased with time since last fire.
A substantial number of studies have shown that remote-sensing indices are correlated with field measurements of fire severity. Across our sites, absolute differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR) was strongly correlated with field measures of fire severity and with fire history at a site but relative dNBR was not. Despite being correlated with fire severity, absolute dNBR showed little or no relationship with important ecosystem responses to wildfire such as shrub resprouting or total vegetative regeneration. These findings point to a critical need for further research on interpreting remote sensing indices as applied to postfire management of these shrublands.
","language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/07-0836.1","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., Brennan, T., and Pfaff, A., 2008, Fire severity and ecosytem responses following crown fires in California shrublands: Ecological Applications, v. 18, no. 6, p. 1530-1546, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0836.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1530","endPage":"1546","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1046e4b0c8380cd53bd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brennan, T.","contributorId":31592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pfaff, A.H.","contributorId":107089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfaff","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033416,"text":"70033416 - 2008 - Preliminary analysis of strong-motion recordings from the magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake of 12 May 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033416","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary analysis of strong-motion recordings from the magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake of 12 May 2008","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.79.6.844","issn":"08950","usgsCitation":"Li, X., Zhou, Z., Huang, M., Wen, R., Yu, H., Lu, D., Zhou, Y., and Cui, J., 2008, Preliminary analysis of strong-motion recordings from the magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake of 12 May 2008: Seismological Research Letters, v. 79, no. 6, p. 844-854, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.79.6.844.","startPage":"844","endPage":"854","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213261,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.79.6.844"},{"id":240868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a82cee4b0c8380cd7bc61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, X.","contributorId":67635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhou, Z.","contributorId":24897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huang, M.","contributorId":70903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wen, R.","contributorId":42334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yu, H.","contributorId":62332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lu, D.","contributorId":64778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhou, Y.","contributorId":70526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cui, J.","contributorId":45906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cui","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70033482,"text":"70033482 - 2008 - Hydrocarbons on Saturn's satellites Iapetus and Phoebe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70033482","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrocarbons on Saturn's satellites Iapetus and Phoebe","docAbstract":"Material of low geometric albedo (pV ??? 0.1) is found on many objects in the outer Solar System, but its distribution in the saturnian satellite system is of special interest because of its juxtaposition with high-albedo ice. In the absence of clear, diagnostic spectral features, the composition of this low-albedo (or \"dark\") material is generally inferred to be carbon-rich, but the form(s) of the carbon is unknown. Near-infrared spectra of the low-albedo hemisphere of Saturn's satellite Iapetus were obtained with the Visible-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) on the Cassini spacecraft at the fly-by of that satellite of 31 December 2004, yielding a maximum spatial resolution on the satellite's surface of ???65 km. The spectral region 3-3.6 ??m reveals a broad absorption band, centered at 3.29 ??m, and concentrated in a region comprising about 15% of the low-albedo surface area. This is identified as the C{single bond}H stretching mode vibration in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. Two weaker bands attributed to {single bond}CH2{single bond} stretching modes in aliphatic hydrocarbons are found in association with the aromatic band. The bands most likely arise from aromatic and aliphatic units in complex macromolecular carbonaceous material with a kerogen- or coal-like structure, similar to that in carbonaceous meteorites. VIMS spectra of Phoebe, encountered by Cassini on 11 June 2004, also show the aromatic hydrocarbon band, although somewhat weaker than on Iapetus. The origin of the PAH molecular material on these two satellites is unknown, but PAHs are found in carbonaceous meteorites, cometary dust particles, circumstellar dust, and interstellar dust. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.036","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Cruikshank, D.P., Wegryn, E., Dalle, O., Brown, R.H., Bibring, J., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., McCord, T.B., Nicholson, P.D., Pendleton, Y., Owen, T., Filacchione, G., Coradini, A., Cerroni, P., Capaccioni, F., Jaumann, R., Nelson, R., Baines, K.H., Sotin, C., Bellucci, G., Combes, M., Langevin, Y., Sicardy, B., Matson, D.L., Formisano, V., Drossart, P., and Mennella, V., 2008, Hydrocarbons on Saturn's satellites Iapetus and Phoebe: Icarus, v. 193, no. 2, p. 334-343, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.036.","startPage":"334","endPage":"343","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214544,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.036"},{"id":242279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"193","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a332ae4b0c8380cd5edab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wegryn, E.","contributorId":92449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegryn","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dalle, Ore","contributorId":105136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalle","given":"Ore","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bibring, J.-P.","contributorId":86083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibring","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pendleton, Y.J.","contributorId":84576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Y.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Owen, T.C.","contributorId":62603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Combes, M.","contributorId":66892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Combes","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Langevin, Y.","contributorId":24900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Matson, D. L.","contributorId":59940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Formisano, V.","contributorId":44694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formisano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Mennella, V.","contributorId":88522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mennella","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}} ,{"id":70033237,"text":"70033237 - 2008 - A multi-model framework for simulating wildlife population response to land-use and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033237","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-model framework for simulating wildlife population response to land-use and climate change","docAbstract":"Reliable assessments of how human activities will affect wildlife populations are essential for making scientifically defensible resource management decisions. A principle challenge of predicting effects of proposed management, development, or conservation actions is the need to incorporate multiple biotic and abiotic factors, including land-use and climate change, that interact to affect wildlife habitat and populations through time. Here we demonstrate how models of land-use, climate change, and other dynamic factors can be integrated into a coherent framework for predicting wildlife population trends. Our framework starts with land-use and climate change models developed for a region of interest. Vegetation changes through time under alternative future scenarios are predicted using an individual-based plant community model. These predictions are combined with spatially explicit animal habitat models to map changes in the distribution and quality of wildlife habitat expected under the various scenarios. Animal population responses to habitat changes and other factors are then projected using a flexible, individual-based animal population model. As an example application, we simulated animal population trends under three future land-use scenarios and four climate change scenarios in the Cascade Range of western Oregon. We chose two birds with contrasting habitat preferences for our simulations: winter wrens (Troglodytes troglodytes), which are most abundant in mature conifer forests, and song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), which prefer more open, shrubby habitats. We used climate and land-use predictions from previously published studies, as well as previously published predictions of vegetation responses using FORCLIM, an individual-based forest dynamics simulator. Vegetation predictions were integrated with other factors in PATCH, a spatially explicit, individual-based animal population simulator. Through incorporating effects of landscape history and limited dispersal, our framework predicted population changes that typically exceeded those expected based on changes in mean habitat suitability alone. Although land-use had greater impacts on habitat quality than did climate change in our simulations, we found that small changes in vital rates resulting from climate change or other stressors can have large consequences for population trajectories. The ability to integrate bottom-up demographic processes like these with top-down constraints imposed by climate and land-use in a dynamic modeling environment is a key advantage of our approach. The resulting framework should allow researchers to synthesize existing empirical evidence, and to explore complex interactions that are difficult or impossible to capture through piecemeal modeling approaches. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.08.001","issn":"03043","usgsCitation":"McRae, B., Schumaker, N., McKane, R., Busing, R.T., Solomon, A., and Burdick, C., 2008, A multi-model framework for simulating wildlife population response to land-use and climate change: Ecological Modelling, v. 219, no. 1-2, p. 77-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.08.001.","startPage":"77","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213371,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.08.001"}],"volume":"219","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48ae4b0c8380cd466dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McRae, B.H.","contributorId":41658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McRae","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schumaker, N.H.","contributorId":64897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumaker","given":"N.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKane, R.B.","contributorId":88558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKane","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busing, R. T.","contributorId":72162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busing","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Solomon, A.M.","contributorId":71721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burdick, C.A.","contributorId":51984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032046,"text":"70032046 - 2008 - Chlorinated, brominated, and perfluorinated compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace elements in livers of sea otters from California, Washington, and Alaska (USA), and Kamchatka (Russia)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-24T10:55:08.36997","indexId":"70032046","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2259,"text":"Journal of Environmental Monitoring","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorinated, brominated, and perfluorinated compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace elements in livers of sea otters from California, Washington, and Alaska (USA), and Kamchatka (Russia)","docAbstract":"Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (DDTs, HCHs, and chlordanes), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), and 20 trace elements were determined in livers of 3- to 5-year old stranded sea otters collected from the coastal waters of California, Washington, and Alaska (USA) and from Kamchatka (Russia). Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and PBDEs were high in sea otters collected from the California coast. Concentrations of DDTs were 10-fold higher in California sea otters than in otters from other locations; PCB concentrations were 5-fold higher, and PBDE concentrations were 2-fold higher, in California sea otters than in otters from other locations. Concentrations of PAHs were higher in sea otters from Prince William Sound than in sea otters from other locations. Concentrations of several trace elements were elevated in sea otters collected from California and Prince William Sound. Elevated concentrations of Mn and Zn in sea otters from California and Prince William Sound were indicative of oxidative stress-related injuries in these two populations. Concentrations of all of the target compounds, including trace elements, that were analyzed in sea otters from Kamchatka were lower than those found from the US coastal locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/b718596k","issn":"14640325","usgsCitation":"Kannan, K., Moon, H., Yun, S., Agusa, T., Thomas, N., and Tanabe, S., 2008, Chlorinated, brominated, and perfluorinated compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace elements in livers of sea otters from California, Washington, and Alaska (USA), and Kamchatka (Russia): Journal of Environmental Monitoring, v. 10, no. 4, p. 552-558, https://doi.org/10.1039/b718596k.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"552","endPage":"558","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008083","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242396,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska, California, 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J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tanabe, S.","contributorId":93005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanabe","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032051,"text":"70032051 - 2008 - The effect of acid rain and altitude on concentration, δ34S, and δ18O of sulfate in the water from Sudety Mountains, Poland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T12:53:31","indexId":"70032051","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of acid rain and altitude on concentration, δ34S, and δ18O of sulfate in the water from Sudety Mountains, Poland","docAbstract":"The analyses of sulfate content, δ34S and δ18O of dissolved sulfate, and δ18O of water were carried out in a 14 km2 crystalline massif located in the Sudety Mountains (SW Poland) to 1) assess the amount of the sulfate delivered to the surface and groundwater systems by modern atmospheric precipitation, 2) determine the effect of altitude on these parameters, and 3) investigate their seasonal variations. In April and November of 2002, August 2003, and March and September of 2005, samples of water were collected from springs and streams of the massif. During these seasons, sulfate contents and δ18O(SO42−) values varied from 5.80 to 18.00 mg/l and from 3.96 to 8.23‰, respectively, showing distinctively higher values ofδ18O(SO42−) in wet seasons. The δ34S(SO42−) values had a relatively narrow range from 4.09 to 5.28‰ and were similar to those reported for organic matter in soil and the canopy throughfall in the Sudety Mountains.
\nSulfate content, δ34S(SO42−), δ18O(SO42−), and δ18O(H2O) values revealed a remarkable dependence on the altitude. The calculated altitude effects for five season averages of these parameters were − 1.00 mg/l/100 m, − 0.18‰/100 m, − 0.27‰/100 m, and − 0.17‰/100 m, respectively. This dependence on the altitude resulted mainly from the mixing of sulfates of different origins such as anthropogenic sulfate, sulfate produced in the soil within the weathered zone of the massif, and that one from the tree canopy. The oxygen isotope mass balance indicates that, in the study area, about one third of the sulfate delivered to the surface and groundwater by modern precipitation comes from anthropogenic pollution. Further interaction of meteoric water within the weathered rocks causes a continuous decrease of δ18O(SO42−) values resulting from biological transformation of the sulfate due to plant vegetation and decomposition of organic matter.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.006","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Szynkiewicz, A., Modelska, M., Jedrysek, M.O., and Mastalerz, M., 2008, The effect of acid rain and altitude on concentration, δ34S, and δ18O of sulfate in the water from Sudety Mountains, Poland: Chemical Geology, v. 249, no. 1-2, p. 36-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.006.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214717,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.006"}],"country":"Poland","otherGeospatial":"Sudety Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 16.5234375,\n 50.04302974380058\n ],\n [\n 16.5234375,\n 50.44351305245805\n ],\n [\n 16.864013671875,\n 50.44351305245805\n ],\n [\n 16.864013671875,\n 50.04302974380058\n ],\n [\n 16.5234375,\n 50.04302974380058\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"249","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab13e4b08c986b322bd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szynkiewicz, Anna","contributorId":39599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szynkiewicz","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modelska, Magdalena","contributorId":64045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modelska","given":"Magdalena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jedrysek, Mariusz Orion","contributorId":94513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jedrysek","given":"Mariusz","email":"","middleInitial":"Orion","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":105788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":17608,"text":"Indiana Univesity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031951,"text":"70031951 - 2008 - Palila (Loxioides bailleui) fledgling fed by Hawai'i 'Amakihi (Hemignathus virens)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031951","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palila (Loxioides bailleui) fledgling fed by Hawai'i 'Amakihi (Hemignathus virens)","docAbstract":"We observed an adult male Hawai'i 'Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) repeatedly feed a fledgling Palila (Loxioides bailleui). We observed 16-19 food provisions during 14 hrs of observation between 21 and 29 June 2006. The presumed biological parents were frequently seen nearby, but adult Palila were not observed feeding the fledgling.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1676/07-070.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"Farmer, C., Frederick, B., Banko, P., Stephens, R., and Snow, C., 2008, Palila (Loxioides bailleui) fledgling fed by Hawai'i 'Amakihi (Hemignathus virens): Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 120, no. 2, p. 416-418, https://doi.org/10.1676/07-070.1.","startPage":"416","endPage":"418","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214743,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/07-070.1"}],"volume":"120","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7477e4b0c8380cd7766b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farmer, C.","contributorId":20995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frederick, B.A.","contributorId":94119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederick","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banko, P.C. 0000-0002-6035-9803","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":99531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephens, R.M.","contributorId":103482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snow, C.W.","contributorId":32743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snow","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033544,"text":"70033544 - 2008 - High-resolution seismic reflection to image hydrogeologic sequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033544","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"High-resolution seismic reflection to image hydrogeologic sequences","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.3059136","issn":"10523","usgsCitation":"Miller, R., and Xia, J., 2008, High-resolution seismic reflection to image hydrogeologic sequences, in SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 27, no. 1, p. 1208-1212, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3059136.","startPage":"1208","endPage":"1212","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214365,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3059136"},{"id":242086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3120e4b0c8380cd5dc62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031846,"text":"70031846 - 2008 - Ocean forecasting in terrain-following coordinates: Formulation and skill assessment of the Regional Ocean Modeling System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-28T10:25:18","indexId":"70031846","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2228,"text":"Journal of Computational Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ocean forecasting in terrain-following coordinates: Formulation and skill assessment of the Regional Ocean Modeling System","docAbstract":"Systematic improvements in algorithmic design of regional ocean circulation models have led to significant enhancement in simulation ability across a wide range of space/time scales and marine system types. As an example, we briefly review the Regional Ocean Modeling System, a member of a general class of three-dimensional, free-surface, terrain-following numerical models. Noteworthy characteristics of the ROMS computational kernel include: consistent temporal averaging of the barotropic mode to guarantee both exact conservation and constancy preservation properties for tracers; redefined barotropic pressure-gradient terms to account for local variations in the density field; vertical interpolation performed using conservative parabolic splines; and higher-order, quasi-monotone advection algorithms. Examples of quantitative skill assessment are shown for a tidally driven estuary, an ice-covered high-latitude sea, a wind- and buoyancy-forced continental shelf, and a mid-latitude ocean basin. The combination of moderate-order spatial approximations, enhanced conservation properties, and quasi-monotone advection produces both more robust and accurate, and less diffusive, solutions than those produced in earlier terrain-following ocean models. Together with advanced methods of data assimilation and novel observing system technologies, these capabilities constitute the necessary ingredients for multi-purpose regional ocean prediction systems.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Computational Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jcp.2007.06.016","issn":"00219991","usgsCitation":"Haidvogel, D., Arango, H., Budgell, W., Cornuelle, B., Curchitser, E., Di, L.E., Fennel, K., Geyer, W., Hermann, A., Lanerolle, L., Levin, J., McWilliams, J., Miller, A., Moore, A., Powell, T., Shchepetkin, A., Sherwood, C.R., Signell, R.P., Warner, J., and Wilkin, J., 2008, Ocean forecasting in terrain-following coordinates: Formulation and skill assessment of the Regional Ocean Modeling System: Journal of Computational Physics, v. 227, no. 7, p. 3595-3624, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2007.06.016.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"3595","endPage":"3624","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214702,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2007.06.016"},{"id":242450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c91e4b0c8380cd74cba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haidvogel, D.B.","contributorId":94875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haidvogel","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arango, H.","contributorId":20994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arango","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budgell, W.P.","contributorId":80501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budgell","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cornuelle, B.D.","contributorId":13456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornuelle","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Curchitser, E.","contributorId":86191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curchitser","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Di, Lorenzo E.","contributorId":100629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Di","given":"Lorenzo","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fennel, K.","contributorId":89361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fennel","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Geyer, W.R.","contributorId":62355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geyer","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hermann, A.J.","contributorId":96493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hermann","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lanerolle, L.","contributorId":51112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanerolle","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Levin, J.","contributorId":25779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McWilliams, J.C.","contributorId":37553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWilliams","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Miller, A.J.","contributorId":70119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Moore, A.M.","contributorId":87909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Powell, T.M.","contributorId":88090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Shchepetkin, A.F.","contributorId":6275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shchepetkin","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sherwood, C. 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Groundwater samples from wells in the area were analyzed for concentrations of the major ions, silica, electrical conductivity and pH. The objective was to determine the main controls on the hydrochemistry of ground-water. Mass balance modeling was used together with multivariate R-mode hierarchical cluster analysis to determine the significant sources of variation in the hydrochemistry. Two water types exist in this area. The first is influenced most by the weathering of silicate minerals from the underlying geology, and is thus rich in silica, sodium, calcium, bicarbonate, and magnesium ions. The second is water that has been influenced by the effects of fertilizers and other anthropogenic activities in the area. Mineral speciation and silicate mineral stability diagrams suggest that montmorillonite, probably derived from the incongruent dissolution of feldspars and micas, is the most stable silicate phase in the groundwaters. The apparent incongruent weathering of silicate minerals in the groundwater system has led to the enrichment of sodium, calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate ions as well as silica, leading to the supersaturation of calcite, aragonite, dolomite and quartz. Stability in the montmorillonite field suggests restricted flow conditions and a long groundwater residence time, leading to greater exposure of the rock to weathering. Cation exchange processes appear to play minor roles in the hydrochemistry of groundwater.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10583","usgsCitation":"Banoeng-Yakubo, B., Yidana, S., Anku, Y., Akabzaa, T., and Asiedu, D., 2008, Hydrochemical characterization of groundwater in the Akyem area, Ghana: Journal of Environmental Hydrology, v. 16, p. 1-12.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a332ce4b0c8380cd5edbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banoeng-Yakubo, B.","contributorId":75332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banoeng-Yakubo","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yidana, S.M.","contributorId":59554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yidana","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anku, Y.","contributorId":96083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anku","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Akabzaa, T.","contributorId":39580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akabzaa","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Asiedu, D.","contributorId":76131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asiedu","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030324,"text":"70030324 - 2008 - Priorities for future research on planetary dunes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030324","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Priorities for future research on planetary dunes","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Eos","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008EO450003","issn":"00963","usgsCitation":"Titus, T., Lancaster, N., Hayward, R., Fenton, L., and Bourke, M., 2008, Priorities for future research on planetary dunes, in Eos, v. 89, no. 45, p. 447-448, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008EO450003.","startPage":"447","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476806,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008eo450003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212004,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008EO450003"},{"id":239405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c6ee4b0c8380cd7e6aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, T.N.","contributorId":102615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lancaster, N.","contributorId":36330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lancaster","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayward, R.","contributorId":61646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayward","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fenton, L.","contributorId":22578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bourke, M.","contributorId":100610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourke","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030483,"text":"70030483 - 2008 - Utility of shallow-water ATRIS images in defining biogeologic processes and self-similarity in skeletal scleractinia, Florida reefs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030483","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Utility of shallow-water ATRIS images in defining biogeologic processes and self-similarity in skeletal scleractinia, Florida reefs","docAbstract":"A recently developed remote-sensing instrument acquires high-quality digital photographs in shallow-marine settings within water depths of 15 m. The technology, known as the Along-Track Reef-Imaging System, provides remarkably clear, georeferenced imagery that allows visual interpretation of benthic class (substrates, organisms) for mapping coral reef habitats, as intended. Unforeseen, however, are functions new to the initial technologic purpose: interpr??table evidence for real-time biogeologic processes and for perception of scaled-up skeletal self-similarity of scleractinian microstructure. Florida reef sea trials lacked the grid structure required to map contiguous habitat and submarine topography. Thus, only general observations could be made relative to times and sites of imagery. Degradation of corals was nearly universal; absence of reef fish was profound. However, ???1% of more than 23,600 sea-trial images examined provided visual evidence for local environs and processes. Clarity in many images was so exceptional that small tracks left by organisms traversing fine-grained carbonate sand were visible. Other images revealed a compelling sense, not yet fully understood, of the microscopic wall structure characteristic of scleractinian corals. Conclusions drawn from classifiable images are that demersal marine animals, where imaged, are oblivious to the equipment and that the technology has strong capabilities beyond mapping habitat. Imagery acquired along predetermined transects that cross a variety of geomorphic features within depth limits will ( 1) facilitate construction of accurate contour maps of habitat and bathymetry without need for ground-truthing, (2) contain a strong geologic component of interpreted real-time processes as they relate to imaged topography and regional geomorphology, and (3) allow cost-effective monitoring of regional- and local-scale changes in an ecosystem by use of existing-image global-positioning system coordinates to re-image areas. Details revealed in the modern setting have taphonomic implications for what is often found in the geologic record.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","language":"English","doi":"10.2112/08-1049.1","issn":"07490","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., Brock, J.C., and Nagle, D., 2008, Utility of shallow-water ATRIS images in defining biogeologic processes and self-similarity in skeletal scleractinia, Florida reefs, in Journal of Coastal Research, v. 24, no. 5, p. 1320-1338, https://doi.org/10.2112/08-1049.1.","startPage":"1320","endPage":"1338","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211784,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/08-1049.1"},{"id":239138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0d1e4b08c986b32a334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, B. H.","contributorId":30651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, J. C.","contributorId":36095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagle, D.B.","contributorId":40568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035626,"text":"70035626 - 2008 - Spatial interactions of yarded White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:40:01","indexId":"70035626","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial interactions of yarded White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus","docAbstract":"We examined the spatial interactions of nine female White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in two deeryards (winter aggregations) in northeastern Minnesota during February-April 1999. Global positioning system (GPS) collars yielded seven pair-wise comparisons of deer that were located at the same time (???1 minute apart) and mat used overlapping areas. Deer traveled separately and did not associate with one another. Within overlapping areas, comparisons of distances between deer and distances between random locations indicated deer moved without regard to each other. Similarly, comparisons of observed and expected probabilities of deer using areas overlapping those of other deer also evinced that deer moved independently.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Nelson, M., and Sargeant, G., 2008, Spatial interactions of yarded White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 122, no. 3, p. 221-225.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"225","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9483e4b08c986b31ab2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, M.E.","contributorId":102021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sargeant, G.A.","contributorId":51681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009713,"text":"70009713 - 2008 - Reed canarygrass invasions alter succession patterns and may reduce habitat quality in wet meadows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:24","indexId":"70009713","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reed canarygrass invasions alter succession patterns and may reduce habitat quality in wet meadows","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Restoration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15434079","usgsCitation":"Annen, C., Kirsch, E., and Tyser, R.W., 2008, Reed canarygrass invasions alter succession patterns and may reduce habitat quality in wet meadows: Ecological Restoration, v. 26, no. 3, p. 190-193.","startPage":"190","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a414e4b0e8fec6cdba33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Annen, C.A.","contributorId":10381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Annen","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirsch, E.M.","contributorId":87486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyser, Robin W.","contributorId":33272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyser","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17913,"text":"River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}