The Southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus) is declining over much of its range and currently is listed as vulnerable to extinction by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Island-specific breeding colonies near Palmer Station, Antarctica, have been monitored for over 30 years, and because this population continues to increase, it is critically important to conservation. In austral summer 2004, six diseased giant petrel chicks were observed in four of these colonies. Diseased chicks were 6–9 weeks old and had multiple proliferative nodules on their bills and skin. One severely affected chick was found dead on the nest and was salvaged for necropsy. Histopathological examination of nodules from the dead chick revealed epithelial cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy with numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (Böllinger bodies). A poxvirus was isolated from multiple nodules. Poxviral infection has not been reported in this species, and the reason for its emergence and its potential impact on the population are not yet known.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00300-007-0390-z","usgsCitation":"Shearn-Bochsler, V., Green, D.E., Converse, K.A., Docherty, D.E., Thiel, T., Geisz, H., Fraser, W., and Patterson-Fraser, D.L., 2008, Cutaneous and diphtheritic avian poxvirus infection in a nestling Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectes giganteus) from Antarctica: Polar Biology, v. 31, no. 5, p. 569-573, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-007-0390-z.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"573","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica: Palmer Station","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.07432556152342,\n -64.74264817735076\n ],\n [\n -64.00909423828125,\n -64.74689607086069\n ],\n [\n -63.98128509521485,\n -64.75407202924025\n ],\n [\n -63.95347595214844,\n -64.76358821744012\n ],\n [\n -63.94969940185546,\n -64.77339370305394\n ],\n [\n -63.94729614257812,\n -64.78304935691033\n ],\n [\n -63.95759582519532,\n -64.79767255432083\n ],\n [\n -63.97819519042968,\n -64.81038828842998\n ],\n [\n -64.0396499633789,\n -64.817547383571\n ],\n [\n -64.13887023925781,\n -64.81082665504367\n ],\n [\n -64.1550064086914,\n -64.80264263569762\n ],\n [\n -64.15225982666014,\n -64.79211667318563\n ],\n [\n -64.14676666259766,\n -64.77558847319227\n ],\n [\n -64.13440704345703,\n -64.7612460821597\n ],\n [\n -64.11003112792969,\n -64.75260770270529\n ],\n [\n -64.07432556152342,\n -64.74264817735076\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie","contributorId":43322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearn-Bochsler","given":"Valerie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, David Earl","contributorId":106052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Earl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Docherty, D. E.","contributorId":83469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thiel, T.","contributorId":80241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiel","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Geisz, H.N.","contributorId":58615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geisz","given":"H.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fraser, William R.","contributorId":94277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Patterson-Fraser, Donna L.","contributorId":84726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson-Fraser","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70009719,"text":"70009719 - 2008 - Introduction to the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) of ground-water quality trends and comparison to other national programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:22","indexId":"70009719","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Introduction to the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) of ground-water quality trends and comparison to other national programs","docAbstract":"Assessment of temporal trends in national ground-water quality networks are rarely published in scientific journals. This is partly due to the fact that long-term data from these types of networks are uncommon and because many national monitoring networks are not driven by hypotheses that can be easily incorporated into scientific research. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) since 1991 has to date (2006) concentrated on occurrence of contaminants because sufficient data for trend analysis is only just becoming available. This paper introduces the first set of trend assessments from NAWQA and provides an assessment of the success of the program. On a national scale, nitrate concentrations in ground water have generally increased from 1988 to 2004, but trends in pesticide concentrations are less apparent. Regionally, the studies showed high nitrate concentrations and frequent pesticide detections are linked to agricultural use of fertilizers and pesticides. Most of these areas showed increases in nitrate concentration within the last decade, and these increases are associated with oxic-geochemical conditions and well-drained soils. The current NAWQA plan for collecting data to define trends needs to be constantly reevaluated to determine if the approach fulfills the expected outcome. To assist this evaluation, a comparison of NAWQA to other national ground-water quality programs was undertaken. The design and spatial extent of each national program depend on many factors, including current and long-term budgets, purpose of the program, size of the country, and diversity of aquifer types. Comparison of NAWQA to nine other national programs shows a great diversity in program designs, but indicates that different approaches can achieve similar and equally important goals. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0049","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Rosen, M.R., and Lapham, W., 2008, Introduction to the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) of ground-water quality trends and comparison to other national programs, in Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0049.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476774,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":219327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204937,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0049"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dfae4b0c8380cd639db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, Michael R.","contributorId":43096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapham, W.W.","contributorId":36583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1004088,"text":"1004088 - 2008 - Distribution and morphology of growth anomalies in Acropora from the Indo-Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T15:02:00","indexId":"1004088","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Distribution and morphology of growth anomalies in Acropora from the Indo-Pacific","title":"Distribution and morphology of growth anomalies in Acropora from the Indo-Pacific","docAbstract":"We assessed the distribution and prevalence of growth anomalies (GAs) in Acropora from French Frigate Shoals (Hawaii, USA), Johnston Atoll and Tutuila (American Samoa), developed a nomenclature for gross morphology, characterized GAs at the cellular level and obtained preliminary indices of their spatial patterns and progression within coral colonies. Acropora GAs were found in all 3 regions, but the distribution, variety and prevalence of Acropora GAs was highest in American Samoa. GAs were grouped into 7 gross morphologies (exophytic, bosselated, crateriform, nodular, vermiform, fimbriate or annular). On histology, GAs consisted of hyperplastic basal body wall (calicodermis, mesoglea and gastrodermis apposed to skeleton) with 3 distinct patterns of necrosis. There was no evidence of anaplasia or mitotic figures (common but not necessarily required morphologic indicators of neoplasia). Compared to normal tissues, GAs had significantly fewer polyps, zooxanthellae within the gastrodermis of the coenenchyme, mesenterial filaments and gonads but significantly more necrosis. On 2 colonies with GAs monitored at 2 points over 11 mo, numbers of GAs per colony increased from 0.9 to 3 times the original number seen, and significant clustering of GAs occurred within colonies. The evidence of GAs being true neoplasias (tumors) is mixed, so a cautionary approach is urged in use of morphologic terminology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao01881","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Aeby, G.S., and Coles, S.L., 2008, Distribution and morphology of growth anomalies in Acropora from the Indo-Pacific: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 78, no. 3, p. 255-264, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao01881.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486899,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao01881","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"American Samoa","volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6495c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":34078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aeby, Greta S.","contributorId":64783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aeby","given":"Greta","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13394,"text":"Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":315149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coles, Steve L.","contributorId":172257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coles","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70009739,"text":"70009739 - 2008 - Two new species of Perlesta (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:19","indexId":"70009739","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3152,"text":"Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two new species of Perlesta (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from eastern North America","docAbstract":"Two new species of the Nearctic perlid genus Perlesta, P. durfeei Kondratieff, Zuellig, and Kirchner and P. georgiae Kondratieff, Zuellig, and Lenat are described and illustrated from Virginia and North Carolina, U.S.A., respectively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00138797","usgsCitation":"Kondratieff, B., Zuellig, R., Kirchner, R., and Lenat, D.R., 2008, Two new species of Perlesta (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from eastern North America: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, v. 110, no. 3, p. 668-673.","startPage":"668","endPage":"673","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb962e4b08c986b327bf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kondratieff, B.C.","contributorId":103230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kondratieff","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zuellig, R.E.","contributorId":37045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirchner, R.F.","contributorId":31096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirchner","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lenat, D. R.","contributorId":29478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenat","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70010003,"text":"70010003 - 2008 - Decadal-scale changes of pesticides in ground water of the United States, 1993-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:21","indexId":"70010003","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Decadal-scale changes of pesticides in ground water of the United States, 1993-2003","docAbstract":"Pesticide data for ground water sampled across the United States between 1993-1995 and 2001-2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program were evaluated for trends in detection frequency and concentration. The data analysis evaluated samples collected from a total of 362 wells located in 12 local well networks characterizing shallow ground water in agricultural areas and six local well networks characterizing the drinking water resource in areas of variable land use. Each well network was sampled once during 1993-1995 and once during 2001-2003. The networks provide an overview of conditions across a wide range of hydrogeologic settings and in major agricultural areas that vary in dominant crop type and pesticide use. Of about 80 pesticide compounds analyzed, only six compounds were detected in ground water from at least 10 wells during both sampling events. These compounds were the triazine herbicides atrazine, simazine, and prometon; the acetanilide herbicide metolachlor; the urea herbicide tebuthiuron; and an atrazine degradate, deethylatrazine (DEA). Observed concentrations of these compounds generally were <0.12 ??g L-1. At individual wells, changes in concentrations typically were <0.02 ??g L-1. Data analysis incorporated adjustments for changes in laboratory recovery as assessed through laboratory spikes. In wells yielding detectable concentrations of atrazine, DEA, and prometon, concentrations were significantly lower (?? = 0.1) in 2001-2003 than in 1993-1995, whereas detection frequency of these compounds did not change significantly. Trends in atrazine concentrations at shallow wells in agricultural areas were found to be consistent overall with recent atrazine use data. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0054","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, L.M., 2008, Decadal-scale changes of pesticides in ground water of the United States, 1993-2003, in Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0054.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204896,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0054"},{"id":218924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe00e4b0c8380cd4ea6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, L. M.","contributorId":36593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010387,"text":"70010387 - 2008 - Biotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:26","indexId":"70010387","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2917,"text":"OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals","docAbstract":"Biotechnology has been used extensively in the development of vaccines for aquaculture. Modern molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning and microarray analysis have facilitated antigen discovery, construction of novel candidate vaccines, and assessments of vaccine efficacy, mode of action, and host response. This review focuses on DNA vaccines for finfish to illustrate biotechnology applications in this field. Although DNA vaccines for fish rhabdoviruses continue to show the highest efficacy, DNA vaccines for several other viral and bacterial fish pathogens have now been proven to provide significant protection against pathogen challenge. Studies of the fish rhabdovirus DNA vaccines have elucidated factors that affect DNA vaccine efficacy as well as the nature of the fish innate and adaptive immune responses to DNA vaccines. As tools for managing aquatic animal disease emergencies, DNA vaccines have advantages in speed, flexibility, and safety, and one fish DNA vaccine has been licensed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02531933","usgsCitation":"Kurath, G., 2008, Biotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals: OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique, v. 27, no. 1, p. 175-196.","startPage":"175","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1a0e4b0c8380cd4ad45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":358807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70198270,"text":"70198270 - 2008 - Upper conduit structure and explosion dynamics at Stromboli","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T15:34:04.168925","indexId":"70198270","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Upper conduit structure and explosion dynamics at Stromboli","docAbstract":"Modeling of very long period seismic data recorded during explosive activity at Stromboli in 1997 provides an image of the uppermost 1 km of its volcanic plumbing system. Two distinct dike-like conduit structures are identified, each representative of explosive eruptions from two different vents located near the northern and southern perimeters of the summit crater. Inferred volumetric changes in the dikes are viewed as the result of a piston-like action of the magma associated with the disruption of a gas slug transiting through discontinuities in the dike apertures. Accompanying these volumetric source components are single vertical forces resulting from an exchange of linear momentum between the source and the Earth. In the dike system underlying the northern vent, a primary disruption site is inferred at an elevation near 440 m where a bifurcation in the conduit occurs. At a depth of 80 m below sea level (bsl), a sharp corner in the conduit marks another location where the elastic response of the solid to the action of the upper source induces pressure and momentum changes in the magma. In the conduit underlying the southern vent, the junction of two inclined dikes with a subvertical dike at 520 m of elevation is a primary site of gas slug disruption, and another conduit corner 280 m bsl represents a coupling location between the elastic response of the solid and fluid motion.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Stromboli volcano: An integrated study of the 2002-2003 eruption","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/182GM08","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B.A., Dawson, P.B., and Martini, M., 2008, Upper conduit structure and explosion dynamics at Stromboli, chap. of The Stromboli volcano: An integrated study of the 2002-2003 eruption, v. 182, p. 81-92, https://doi.org/10.1029/182GM08.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Stromboli","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 15.213661193847658,\n 38.81189098781871\n ],\n [\n 15.190315246582033,\n 38.79771102715645\n ],\n [\n 15.184478759765627,\n 38.790753788294424\n ],\n [\n 15.191688537597654,\n 38.7800490179011\n ],\n [\n 15.201988220214846,\n 38.77656962147866\n ],\n [\n 15.215721130371096,\n 38.77041335043523\n ],\n [\n 15.226364135742188,\n 38.77442837007637\n ],\n [\n 15.232543945312498,\n 38.78459874169886\n ],\n [\n 15.240097045898438,\n 38.79450007821985\n ],\n [\n 15.24421691894531,\n 38.80573776659133\n ],\n [\n 15.228080749511719,\n 38.812426025416734\n ],\n [\n 15.216751098632812,\n 38.81296105899589\n ],\n [\n 15.213661193847658,\n 38.81189098781871\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"182","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98bd92e4b0702d0e845768","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Calvari, Sonia","contributorId":168721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvari","given":"Sonia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740823,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Inguaggiato, Salvatore","contributorId":138807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inguaggiato","given":"Salvatore","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12533,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Sezione di Palermo- Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":740824,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puglisi, Giuseppe","contributorId":192763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puglisi","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740825,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ripepe, Maurizio","contributorId":169435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ripepe","given":"Maurizio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740826,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosi, Mauro","contributorId":206499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosi","given":"Mauro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740827,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Phillip B. dawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","email":"dawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martini, Marcello","contributorId":206498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martini","given":"Marcello","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031986,"text":"70031986 - 2008 - Mineral resource of the month: mica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T12:45:51","indexId":"70031986","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: mica","docAbstract":"Humans have been using mica for millennia. Mica was first mined in India about 4,000 years ago, where it was used primarily in medicines, and some Hindu physicians still incorporate biotite mica into medicines today. Early civilizations also used mica for decorations, as windows and as surfaces on which to draw or paint. Maya temples were decorated with mica pigments, which were incorporated into the stucco to make it sparkle in the sun. In North America, ancient inhabitants adorned gravesites and burial mounds with animal figures made of mica.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGI","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Hedrick, J., 2008, Mineral resource of the month: mica: Geotimes, v. 53, no. 5.","productDescription":"HTML Document","startPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271988,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.geotimes.org/may08/article.html?id=nn_mica.html"}],"volume":"53","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a57cae4b0c8380cd6dece","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedrick, J.B.","contributorId":96717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031956,"text":"70031956 - 2008 - Generation of a pseudo-2D shear-wave velocity section by inversion of a series of 1D dispersion curves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031956","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generation of a pseudo-2D shear-wave velocity section by inversion of a series of 1D dispersion curves","docAbstract":"Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves utilizes a multichannel recording system to estimate near-surface shear (S)-wave velocities from high-frequency Rayleigh waves. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity (vS) section is constructed by aligning 1D models at the midpoint of each receiver spread and using a spatial interpolation scheme. The horizontal resolution of the section is therefore most influenced by the receiver spread length and the source interval. The receiver spread length sets the theoretical lower limit and any vS structure with its lateral dimension smaller than this length will not be properly resolved in the final vS section. A source interval smaller than the spread length will not improve the horizontal resolution because spatial smearing has already been introduced by the receiver spread. In this paper, we first analyze the horizontal resolution of a pair of synthetic traces. Resolution analysis shows that (1) a pair of traces with a smaller receiver spacing achieves higher horizontal resolution of inverted S-wave velocities but results in a larger relative error; (2) the relative error of the phase velocity at a high frequency is smaller than at a low frequency; and (3) a relative error of the inverted S-wave velocity is affected by the signal-to-noise ratio of data. These results provide us with a guideline to balance the trade-off between receiver spacing (horizontal resolution) and accuracy of the inverted S-wave velocity. We then present a scheme to generate a pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section with high horizontal resolution using multichannel records by inverting high-frequency surface-wave dispersion curves calculated through cross-correlation combined with a phase-shift scanning method. This method chooses only a pair of consecutive traces within a shot gather to calculate a dispersion curve. We finally invert surface-wave dispersion curves of synthetic and real-world data. Inversion results of both synthetic and real-world data demonstrate that inverting high-frequency surface-wave dispersion curves - by a pair of traces through cross-correlation with phase-shift scanning method and with the damped least-square method and the singular-value decomposition technique - can feasibly achieve a reliable pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section with relatively high horizontal resolution. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.01.003","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Liu, J., Xu, Y., and Liu, Q., 2008, Generation of a pseudo-2D shear-wave velocity section by inversion of a series of 1D dispersion curves: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 64, no. 3-4, p. 115-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.01.003.","startPage":"115","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214809,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.01.003"},{"id":242561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1551e4b0c8380cd54d5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031954,"text":"70031954 - 2008 - Ecohydrological factors affecting nitrate concentrations in a phreatic desert aquifer in northwestern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-01T13:44:18","indexId":"70031954","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecohydrological factors affecting nitrate concentrations in a phreatic desert aquifer in northwestern China","docAbstract":"Aerobic conditions in desert aquifers commonly allow high nitrate (NO 3-) concentrations in recharge to persist for long periods of time, an important consideration for N-cycling and water quality. In this study, stable isotopes of NO3- (??15N NO3 and ??18ONO3) were used to trace NO3- cycling processes which affect concentrations in groundwater and unsaturated zone moisture in the arid Badain Jaran Oesert in northwestern China. Most groundwater NO3- appears to be depleted relative to Cl- in rainfall concentrated by evapotranspiration, indicating net N losses. Unsaturated zone NO 3- is generally higher than groundwater NO 3- in terms of both concentration (up to 15 476 ??M, corresponding to 3.6 mg NO3--N per kg sediment) and ratios with Cl-. Isotopic data indicate that the NO3- derives primarily from nitrification, with a minor direct contribution of atmospheric NO3- inferred for some samples, particularly in the unsaturated zone. Localized denitrification in the saturated zone is suggested by isotopic and geochemical indicators in some areas. Anthropogenic inputs appear to be minimal, and variability is attributed to environmental factors. In comparison to other arid regions, the sparseness of vegetation in the study area appears to play an important role in moderating unsaturated zone NO3- accumulation by allowing solute flushing and deterring extensive N2 fixation. ?? 2008 American Chemical Society.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es702478d","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Gates, J., Böhlke, J., and Edmunds, W., 2008, Ecohydrological factors affecting nitrate concentrations in a phreatic desert aquifer in northwestern China: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 10, p. 3531-3537, https://doi.org/10.1021/es702478d.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3531","endPage":"3537","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214776,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es702478d"}],"volume":"42","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a053ee4b0c8380cd50d07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gates, J.B.","contributorId":105546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edmunds, W.M.","contributorId":107082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmunds","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031953,"text":"70031953 - 2008 - Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss-Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031953","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss-Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco","docAbstract":"Groundwater and surface water in Souss-Massa basin in the west-southern part of Morocco is characterized by a large variation in salinity, up to levels of 37 g L-1. The high salinity coupled with groundwater level decline pose serious problems for current irrigation and domestic water supplies as well as future exploitation. A combined hydrogeologic and isotopic investigation using several chemical and isotopic tracers such as Br/Cl, ??18O, ??2H, 3H, 87Sr/86Sr, ??11B, and 14C was carried out in order to determine the sources of water recharge to the aquifer, the origin of salinity, and the residence time of water. Stable isotope, 3H and 14C data indicate that the high Atlas mountains in the northern margin of the Souss-Massa basin with high rainfall and low ??18O and ??2H values (-6 to -8??? and -36 to -50???) is currently constitute the major source of recharge to the Souss-Massa shallow aquifer, particularly along the eastern part of the basin. Localized stable isotope enrichments offset meteoric isotopic signature and are associated with high nitrate concentrations, which infer water recycling via water agricultural return flows. The 3H and 14C data suggest that the residence time of water in the western part of the basin is in the order of several thousands of years; hence old water is mined, particularly in the coastal areas. The multiple isotope analyses and chemical tracing of groundwater from the basin reveal that seawater intrusion is just one of multiple salinity sources that affect the quality of groundwater in the Souss-Massa aquifer. We differentiate between modern seawater intrusion, salinization by remnants of seawater entrapped in the middle Souss plains, recharge of nitrate-rich agricultural return flow, and dissolution of evaporate rocks (gypsum and halite minerals) along the outcrops of the high Atlas mountains. The data generated in this study provide the framework for a comprehensive management plan in which water exploitation should shift toward the eastern part of the basin where current recharge occurs with young and high quality groundwater. In contrast, we argued that the heavily exploited aquifer along the coastal areas is more vulnerable given the relatively longer residence time of the water and salinization processes in this part of the aquifer. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Bouchaou, L., Michelot, J., Vengosh, A., Hsissou, Y., Qurtobi, M., Gaye, C., Bullen, T., and Zuppi, G., 2008, Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss-Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco: Journal of Hydrology, v. 352, no. 3-4, p. 267-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022.","startPage":"267","endPage":"287","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022"},{"id":242525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"352","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca8e4b0c8380cd493fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouchaou, L.","contributorId":51556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouchaou","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michelot, J.L.","contributorId":58483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michelot","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vengosh, A.","contributorId":88925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vengosh","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hsissou, Y.","contributorId":22596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsissou","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Qurtobi, M.","contributorId":78957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qurtobi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gaye, C.B.","contributorId":56017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaye","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zuppi, G.M.","contributorId":66079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuppi","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70031952,"text":"70031952 - 2008 - Rapid formation of hyperpycnal sediment gravity currents offshore of a semi-arid California river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031952","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid formation of hyperpycnal sediment gravity currents offshore of a semi-arid California river","docAbstract":"Observations of sediment dispersal from the Santa Clara River of southern California during two moderately sized river discharge events suggest that river sediment rapidly formed a negatively buoyant (hyperpycnal) bottom plume along the seabed within hours of peak discharge. An array of acoustic and optical sensors were placed at three stations 1 km from the Santa Clara River mouth in 10-m water depth during January-February 2004. These combined observations suggest that fluid mud concentrations of suspended sediment (>10 g/l) and across-shore gravity currents (???5 cm/s) were observed in the lower 20-40 cm of the water column 4-6 h after discharge events. Gravity currents were wave dominated, rather than auto-suspending, and appeared to consist of silt-to-clay sized sediment from the river. Sediment mass balances suggest that 25-50% of the discharged river sediment was transported by these hyperpycnal currents. Sediment settling purely by flocs (???1 mm/s) cannot explain the formation of the observed hyperpycnal plumes, therefore we suggest that some enhanced sediment settling from mixing, convective instabilities, or diverging plumes occurred that would explain the formation of the gravity currents. These combined results provide field evidence that high suspended-sediment concentrations from rivers (>1 g/l) may rapidly form hyperpycnal sediment gravity currents immediately offshore of river mouths, and these pathways can explain a significant portion of the river-margin sediment budget. The fate of this sediment will be strongly influenced by bathymetry, whereas the fate of the remaining sediment will be much more influenced by ocean currents.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2007.11.002","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., Xu, J., Noble, M., and Lee, H., 2008, Rapid formation of hyperpycnal sediment gravity currents offshore of a semi-arid California river: Continental Shelf Research, v. 28, no. 8, p. 991-1009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.11.002.","startPage":"991","endPage":"1009","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214744,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.11.002"}],"volume":"28","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94e3e4b0c8380cd8169a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, J.","contributorId":25324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noble, M.A.","contributorId":93513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030261,"text":"70030261 - 2008 - Simulated natural hydrologic regime of an intermountain playa conservation site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030261","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated natural hydrologic regime of an intermountain playa conservation site","docAbstract":"An intermountain playa wetland preserve in Colorado's San Luis Valley was studied to assess how its current hydrologic function compares to its natural hydrologic regime. Current hydrologic conditions were quantified, and on-site effects of off-site water use were assessed. A water-budget model was developed to simulate an unaltered (i.e., natural) hydrologic regime, and simulated natural conditions were compared to observed conditions. From 1998-2002, observed stream inflows accounted for ??? 80% of total annual water inputs. No ground water discharged to the wetland. Evapotranspiration (ET) accounted for ??? 69% of total annual water loss. Simulated natural conditions differed substantially from current altered conditions with respect to depth, variability, and frequency of flooding. During 1998-2002, observed monthly mean surface-water depth was 65% lower than under simulated natural conditions. Observed monthly variability in water depth range from 129% greater (May) to 100% less (September and October) than simulated. As observed, the wetland dried completely (i.e., was ephemeral) in all years; as simulated, the wetland was ephemeral in two of five years. For the period 1915-2002, the simulated wetland was inundated continuously for as long as 16 years and nine months. The large differences in observed and simulated surface-water dynamics resulted from differences between altered and simulated unaltered stream inflows. The maximum and minimum annual total stream inflows observed from 1998-2005 were 3.1 ?? 106 m3 and 0 m3, respectively, versus 15.5 ?? 106 m3 and 3.2 ?? 106 m3 under simulated natural conditions from 1915-2002. The maximum simulated inflow was 484% greater than observed. These data indicate that the current hydrologic regime of this intermountain playa differs significantly from its natural hydrologic regime, which has important implications for planning and assessing conservation success. ?? 2008, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-76.1","issn":"02775","usgsCitation":"Sanderson, J., Kotliar, N., Steingraeber, D., and Browne, C., 2008, Simulated natural hydrologic regime of an intermountain playa conservation site: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 2, p. 363-377, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-76.1.","startPage":"363","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212033,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-76.1"},{"id":239437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fb7e4b08c986b3190cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanderson, J.S.","contributorId":13424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanderson","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kotliar, N.B.","contributorId":7649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steingraeber, D.A.","contributorId":95269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steingraeber","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Browne, C.","contributorId":30035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browne","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030262,"text":"70030262 - 2008 - The effects of water-level fluctuations on vegetation in a Lake Huron wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030262","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of water-level fluctuations on vegetation in a Lake Huron wetland","docAbstract":"The diversity and resultant habitat value of wetland plant communities in the Laurentian Great Lake's are dependent on water-level fluctuations of varying frequency and amplitude. Conceptual models have described the response of vegetation to alternating high and low lake levels, but few quantitative studies have documented the changes that occur. In response to recent concerns over shoreline management activities during an ongoing period of low lake levels in lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron that began in 1999, we analyzed a quantitative data set from Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron collected from 1988 to 1993 during a previous lake-level decline to provide the needed information on vegetation responses. Transects were established that followed topographic contours with water-level histories that differed across a six-year period, ranging from barely flooded to dewatered for varying numbers of years to never dewatered. Percent cover data from randomly placed quadrats along those transects were analyzed to assess floristic changes over time, document development of distinct plant assemblages, and relate the results to lake-level changes. Ordinations showed that plant assemblages sorted out by transects that reflect differing water-level histories. Distinction of assemblages was maintained for at least three years, although the composition and positioning of those assemblages changed as lake levels changed. We present a model that uses orthogonal axes to plot transects by years out of water against distance above water and sorted those transects in a manner that matched ordination results. The model suggests that vegetation response following dewatering is dependent on both position along the water level/soil moisture gradient and length of time since dewatering. This study provided quantitative evidence that lake-level fluctuations drive vegetative change in Great Lakes wetlands, and it may assist in making decisions regarding shoreline management in areas that historically supported wetlands. ?? 2008, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-129.1","issn":"02775","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, D., and Nichols, S.J., 2008, The effects of water-level fluctuations on vegetation in a Lake Huron wetland: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 2, p. 487-501, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-129.1.","startPage":"487","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476752,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2271","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212061,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-129.1"},{"id":239473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babace4b08c986b322fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, D.A.","contributorId":55382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, S. J.","contributorId":63770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030263,"text":"70030263 - 2008 - The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030263","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia","docAbstract":"The Ellsworth terrane is one of a number of fault-bounded blocks that occur along the eastern margin of Ganderia, the western-most of the peri-Gondwanan domains in the northern Appalachians that were accreted to Laurentia in the Paleozoic. Geologic relations, detrital zircon ages, and basalt geochemistry suggest that the Ellsworth terrane is part of Ganderia and not an exotic terrane. In the Penobscot Bay area of coastal Maine, the Ellsworth terrane is dominantly composed of bimodal basalt-rhyolite volcanic sequences of the Ellsworth Schist and unconformably overlying Castine Volcanics. We use new U-Pb zircon geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd and Pb isotopes for these volcanic sequences to constrain the petrogenetic history and paleotectonic setting of the Ellsworth terrane and its relationship with Ganderia. U-Pb zircon geochronology for rhyolites indicates that both the Ellsworth Schist (508.6 ?? 0.8 Ma) and overlying Castine Volcanics (503.5 ?? 2.5 Ma) are Middle Cambrian in age. Two tholefitic basalt types are recognized. Type Tb-1 basalt, present as pillowed and massive lava flows and as sills in both units, has depleted La and Ce ([La/Nd]N = 0.53-0.87) values, flat heavy rare earth element (REE) values, and no positive Th or negative Ta anomalies on primitive mantle-normalized diagrams. In contrast, type Th-2 basalt, present only in the Castine Volcanics, has stightly enriched LREE ([La/Yb]N = 1.42-2.92) values and no Th or Th anomalies. Both basalt types have strongly positive ??Nd (500) values (Th-1 = +7.9-+8.6; Th-2 = +5.6-+7.0) and relatively enriched Pb isotopic compositions (206Ph/204Pb = 18.037-19.784; 207/204Pb = 15.531-15.660; 2088Pb/204Pb = 37.810-38.817). The basalts have compositions transitional between recent normal and enriched mid-ocean-ridge basalt, and they were probably derived by partial melting of compositionatly heterogeneous asthenosphenc mantle. Two types of rhyolite also are present. Type R-1 rhyolite, which mostly occurs as tuffs interlayered with basalt in the Ellsworth Schist, is calc-alkaline and characterized by relatively low REE, Zr, and Hf contents, enriched LREE ([La/Yb]N ???3-6), positive Th and negative Th anomalies, ??Nd (500) values near zero (+0.5 to -0.9), and relatively unradiogenic Ph isotope values (206Pb/204Pb = 18.845; 207Pb/ 204Pb = 15.625; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.626). The data suggest that R-1 rhyolite magma was Likely derived by mixing of basalt with melts from a relatively depleted crustal source. Type R-2 rhyolite, which mostly occurs as lava flows and domes in the Castine volcanics, is tholeiitic and characterized by enriched REE with flat patterns ([La/Yb]N = 1-2.5), moderate negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0-34.5), enriched Th, small negative Th anomalies, and ??Nd (500) (+5.8-+7.5) and Ph isotope (206Pb/204Pb = 19.175-19.619; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.605--15.649; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.834-38.851) values that overlap those of the tholeiitic basalts. The data suggest that R-2 rhyolite magma was derived by the partial melting of hydrothermally altered basalt with the addition of a small amount of an enriched component, probably R-1 rhyolite. The geololic, geochemicai, and isotopic characteristics of the bimodal volcanic sequences strongly suggest that the Ellsworth terrane did not evolve as an extensional back-arc basin behind an active arc, but rather it evolved as a proto-oceanic rift petrogenetically similar to Cenozoic rifts like the Gulf of California-Salton mrough and Red Sea-Gulf of Aden rift systems. Such a setting is supported by the presence of serpentinized mantle and zinc-copper-rich massive sulfide deposits in the Ellsworth terrane. We conclude that the Ellsworth terrane developed as a Mid","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B26336.1","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Schulz, K.J., Stewart, D.B., Tucker, R.D., Pollock, J., and Ayuso, R., 2008, The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 120, no. 9-10, p. 1134-1158, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26336.1.","startPage":"1134","endPage":"1158","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212088,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26336.1"}],"volume":"120","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba719e4b08c986b321367","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, K. J.","contributorId":79131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, D. B.","contributorId":41809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, R. D.","contributorId":43409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollock, J.C.","contributorId":107496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030264,"text":"70030264 - 2008 - Recent sedimentation patterns within the central Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T14:15:02","indexId":"70030264","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent sedimentation patterns within the central Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Sediment deposition and storage are important functions of forested bottomlands, yet documentation and interpretation of sedimentation processes in these systems remain incomplete. Our study was located in the central Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana, a distributary of the Mississippi River and contains the largest contiguously forested riparian wetland in North America, which suffers from high sedimentation in some areas and hypoxia in others. We established 20 floodplain transects reflecting the distribution of depositional environments within the central Basin and monitored general and local sediment deposition patterns over a three-year period (2000-2003). Deposition rate, sediment texture, bulk density, and loss on ignition (LOI, percent organic material) were determined near or just above artificial markers (clay pads) located at each station per transect. Transect mean sedimentation rates ranged from about 2 to 42 mm/yr, mean percent organic material ranged from about 7% to 28%, mean percent sand (> 63 ??) ranged from about 5% to 44%, and bulk density varied from about 0.4 to 1.3. The sites were categorized into five statistically different clusters based on sedimentation rate; most of these could be characterized by a suite of parameters that included hydroperiod, source(s) of sediment-laden water, hydraulic connectivity, flow stagnation, and local geomorphic setting along transect (levee versus backswamp), which lead to distinct spatial sedimentation patterns. Sites with low elevation (long hydroperiod), high hydraulic connectivity to multiple sources of sediment-laden water, and hydraulic damming (flow stagnation) featured the highest amounts of sediment trapping; the converse in any of these factors typically diminished sediment trapping. Based on aerial extent of clusters, the study area potentially traps 6,720,000 Mg of sediment annually, of which, 820,000 Mg represent organic materials. Thus, the Atchafalaya Basin plays a substantial role in lowland sediment (and associated contaminant) storage, including the sequestration of carbon. Findings on local sedimentation patterns may aid in management of flow to control sediment deposition and reduce hypoxia. ?? 2008, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/06-132.1","issn":"02775","usgsCitation":"Hupp, C., Demas, C.R., Kroes, D., Day, R.H., and Doyle, T., 2008, Recent sedimentation patterns within the central Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 1, p. 125-140, https://doi.org/10.1672/06-132.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"140","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a964ae4b0c8380cd81ee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, C.R. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":78775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demas, C. R.","contributorId":77178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kroes, D.E.","contributorId":60847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroes","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Day, Richard H. 0000-0002-5959-7054 dayr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-7054","contributorId":2427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Richard","email":"dayr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030295,"text":"70030295 - 2008 - Tertiary tilting and dismemberment of the laramide arc and related hydrothermal systems, Sierrita Mountain, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030295","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tertiary tilting and dismemberment of the laramide arc and related hydrothermal systems, Sierrita Mountain, Arizona","docAbstract":"Multiple lines of evidence, including new and published geologic mapping and paleomagnetic and geobarometric determinations, demonstrate that the rocks and large porphyry copper systems of the Sierrita Mountains in southern Arizona were dismembered and tilted 50?? to 60?? to the south by Tertiary normal faulting. Repetition of geologic features and geobarometry indicate that the area is segmented into at least three major structural blocks, and the present surface corresponds to oblique sections through the Laramide plutonic-hydrothermal complex, ranging in paleodepth from ???1 to ???12 km. These results add to an evolving view of a north-south extensional domain at high angles to much extension in the southern Basin and Range, contrast with earlier interpretations that the Laramide systems are largely upright and dismembered by thrust faults, highlight the necessity of restoring Tertiary rotations before interpreting Laramide structural and hydrothermal features, and add to the broader understanding of pluton emplacement and evolution of porphyry copper systems. ?? 2008 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.103.3.629","issn":"03610","usgsCitation":"Stavast, W., Butler, R., Seedorff, E., Barton, M., and Ferguson, C., 2008, Tertiary tilting and dismemberment of the laramide arc and related hydrothermal systems, Sierrita Mountain, Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 103, no. 3, p. 629-636, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.3.629.","startPage":"629","endPage":"636","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212117,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.3.629"},{"id":239543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba58be4b08c986b320af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stavast, W.J.A.","contributorId":50729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stavast","given":"W.J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, R.P.","contributorId":9858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seedorff, E.","contributorId":95271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seedorff","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barton, M.D.","contributorId":11341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferguson, C.A.","contributorId":89346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030296,"text":"70030296 - 2008 - Relative importance of natural disturbances and habitat degradation on snail kite population dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030296","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative importance of natural disturbances and habitat degradation on snail kite population dynamics","docAbstract":"Natural disturbances and habitat degradation are major factors influencing the dynamics and persistence of many wildlife populations, yet few large-scale studies have explored the relative influence of these factors on the dynamics and persistence of animal populations. We used longterm demographic data and matrix population models to examine the potential effects of habitat degradation and natural disturbances on the dynamics of the endangered snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis in Florida, USA. We found that estimates of stochastic population growth rate were low (0.90). Population growth rate (??) during the first half or our study period (1992 to 1998) was substantially greater than during the second half (1999 to 2005). These 2 periods were characterized by contrasting hydrological conditions. Although ?? was most sensitive to changes in adult survival, the analysis of life table response experiments revealed that a reduction in fertility of kites accounted for >80% of the observed decline in population growth rate. We examined the possibility that the reduction in ?? was caused by (1) habitat degradation due to management, (2) an increase in frequency of moderate drying events in recent years, and (3) both habitat degradation and an increase in frequency of moderate drying events. Our results suggest that both factors could potentially contribute to a large decrease in population growth rate. Our study highlights the importance of simultaneously considering short- and long-term effects of disturbances when modeling population dynamics. Indeed, focusing exclusively on one type of effect may be misleading to both our understanding of the ecological dynamics of the system and to management. The relevance of our results to management is heightened because the snail kite has been selected as a key performance measure of one of the most ambitious ecosystem restoration projects ever undertaken. ?? Inter-Research 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Endangered Species Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/esr00119","issn":"18635","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., Kitchens, W., Cattau, C.E., and Oli, M., 2008, Relative importance of natural disturbances and habitat degradation on snail kite population dynamics: Endangered Species Research, v. 6, no. 1, p. 25-39, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00119.","startPage":"25","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476721,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00119","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212118,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00119"},{"id":239544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa687e4b0c8380cd84eda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, J.","contributorId":18871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitchens, W.M.","contributorId":87647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cattau, Christopher E.","contributorId":54406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cattau","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oli, M.K.","contributorId":108069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oli","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030297,"text":"70030297 - 2008 - Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene lake-level fluctuations in the Lahontan Basin, Nevada: Implications for the distribution of archaeological sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030297","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1749,"text":"Geoarchaeology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene lake-level fluctuations in the Lahontan Basin, Nevada: Implications for the distribution of archaeological sites","docAbstract":"The Great Basin of the western U.S. contains a rich record of late Pleistocene and Holocene lake-level fluctuations as well as an extensive record of human occupation during the same time frame. We compare spatial-temporal relationships between these records in the Lahontan basin to consider whether lake-level fluctuations across the Pleistocene-Holocene transition controlled distribution of archaeological sites. We use the reasonably well-dated archaeological record from caves and rockshelters as well as results from new pedestrian surveys to investigate this problem. Although lake levels probably reached maximum elevations of about 1230-1235 m in the different subbasins of Lahontan during the Younger Dryas (YD) period, the duration that the lakes occupied the highest levels was brief Paleoindian and early Archaic archaeological sites are concentrated on somewhat lower and slightly younger shorelines (???1220-1225 in) that also date from the Younger Dryas period. This study suggests that Paleoindians often concentrated their activities adjacent to large lakes and wetland resources soon after they first entered the Great Basin. ?? 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoarchaeology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/gea.20237","issn":"08836","usgsCitation":"Adams, K., Goebel, T., Graf, K., Smith, G., Camp, A., Briggs, R., and Rhode, D., 2008, Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene lake-level fluctuations in the Lahontan Basin, Nevada: Implications for the distribution of archaeological sites: Geoarchaeology, v. 23, no. 5, p. 608-643, https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.20237.","startPage":"608","endPage":"643","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212144,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.20237"},{"id":239580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4509e4b0c8380cd66fa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, K.D.","contributorId":93277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goebel, Thomas","contributorId":43982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goebel","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graf, K.","contributorId":91693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, G.M.","contributorId":83538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Camp, A.J.","contributorId":54795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Briggs, R.W.","contributorId":97317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rhode, D.","contributorId":29145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhode","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030325,"text":"70030325 - 2008 - Temporal evolution of continental lithospheric strength in actively deforming regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030325","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal evolution of continental lithospheric strength in actively deforming regions","docAbstract":"It has been agreed for nearly a century that a strong, load-bearing outer layer of earth is required to support mountain ranges, transmit stresses to deform active regions and store elastic strain to generate earthquakes. However the dept and extent of this strong layer remain controversial. Here we use a variety of observations to infer the distribution of lithospheric strength in the active western United States from seismic to steady-state time scales. We use evidence from post-seismic transient and earthquake cycle deformation reservoir loading glacio-isostatic adjustment, and lithosphere isostatic adjustment to large surface and subsurface loads. The nearly perfectly elastic behavior of Earth's crust and mantle at the time scale of seismic wave propagation evolves to that of a strong, elastic crust and weak, ductile upper mantle lithosphere at both earthquake cycle (EC, ???10?? to 103 yr) and glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA, ???103 to 104 yr) time scales. Topography and gravity field correlations indicate that lithosphere isostatic adjustment (LIA) on ???106-107 yr time scales occurs with most lithospheric stress supported by an upper crust overlying a much weaker ductile subtrate. These comparisons suggest that the upper mantle lithosphere is weaker than the crust at all time scales longer than seismic. In contrast, the lower crust has a chameleon-like behavior, strong at EC and GIA time scales and weak for LIA and steady-state deformation processes. The lower crust might even take on a third identity in regions of rapid crustal extension or continental collision, where anomalously high temperatures may lead to large-scale ductile flow in a lower crustal layer that is locally weaker than the upper mantle. Modeling of lithospheric processes in active regions thus cannot use a one-size-fits-all prescription of rheological layering (relation between applied stress and deformation as a function of depth) but must be tailored to the time scale and tectonic setting of the process being investigated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Today","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/GSAT01804-5A.1","issn":"10525","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, W., and Pollitz, F., 2008, Temporal evolution of continental lithospheric strength in actively deforming regions: GSA Today, v. 18, no. 4-5, p. 4-11, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAT01804-5A.1.","startPage":"4","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487644,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsat01804-5a.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212036,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GSAT01804-5A.1"},{"id":239440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba50ee4b08c986b320792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030328,"text":"70030328 - 2008 - Analytical validation of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for Pan-American lineage H7 subtype Avian influenza viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T15:51:00","indexId":"70030328","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2492,"text":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analytical validation of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for Pan-American lineage H7 subtype Avian influenza viruses","docAbstract":"A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for the identification of the H7 subtype in North American Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) was first reported in 2002; however, recent AIV surveillance efforts in wild birds and H7 outbreaks in poultry demonstrated that the 2002 test did not detect all H7 AIVs present in North and South America. Therefore, a new test, the 2008 Pan-American H7 test, was developed by using recently available H7 nucleotide sequences. The analytical specificity of the new assay was characterized with an RNA panel composed of 19 H7 viruses from around the world and RNA from all hemagglutinin subtypes except H16. Specificity for North and South American lineage H7 viruses was observed. Assay limits of detection were determined to be between 103 and 104 gene copies per reaction with in vitro transcribed RNA, and 100.0 and 10 0.8 50% egg infectious doses per reaction. The 2008 Pan-American H7 test also was shown to perform similarly to the 2002 test with specimens from chickens experimentally exposed to A/Chicken/BritishColumbia/314514-2/04 H7N3 highly pathogenic AIV. Furthermore, the 2008 test was able to detect 100% (n = 27) of the H7 AIV isolates recovered from North American wild birds in a 2006-2007 sample set (none of which were detected by the 2002 H7 test).
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Journals","doi":"10.1177/104063870802000512","issn":"10406","usgsCitation":"Spackman, E., Ip, H., Suarez, D., Slemons, R., and Stallknecht, D., 2008, Analytical validation of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for Pan-American lineage H7 subtype Avian influenza viruses: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, v. 20, no. 5, p. 612-616, https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870802000512.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"612","endPage":"616","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476674,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870802000512","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North 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America\"}}]}","volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebece4b0c8380cd48f7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spackman, Erica","contributorId":82126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spackman","given":"Erica","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":426716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ip, Hon S. 0000-0003-4844-7533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":15829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"Hon S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suarez, D.L.","contributorId":21351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slemons, R.D.","contributorId":75737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slemons","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stallknecht, D.E.","contributorId":6660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallknecht","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030353,"text":"70030353 - 2008 - Meso- and micropore characteristics of coal lithotypes: Implications for CO2 adsorption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030353","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1513,"text":"Energy and Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meso- and micropore characteristics of coal lithotypes: Implications for CO2 adsorption","docAbstract":"Lithotypes (vitrain, clarain, and fusain) of high volatile bituminous Pennsylvanian coals (Ro of 0.56-0.62%) from Indiana (the Illinois Basin) have been studied with regard to meso- and micropore characteristics using low-pressure nitrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption techniques, respectively. High-pressure CO2 adsorption isotherms were obtained from lithotypes of the Lower Block Coal Member (the Brazil Formation) and the Springfield Coal Member (the Petersburg Formation), and after evacuation of CO2, the lithotypes were re-analyzed for meso- and micropore characteristics to investigate changes related to high-pressure CO2 adsorption. Coal lithotypes have differing Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas and mesopore volumes, with significantly lower values in fusains than in vitrains or clarains. Fusains have very limited pore volume in the pore size width of 4-10 nm, and the volume, increases with an increase in pore size, in contrast to vitrain, for which a 4-10 nm range is the dominant pore'Wlidth. For clarain, both pores of 4-10 nm and pores larger than 20 nm contribute substantially to the mesoporosity. Micropore surface areas are the smallest for fusain (from 72.8 to 98.2 m2/g), largest for vitrain (from 125.0 to,158.4 m2 /g), and intermediate for clarain (from 110.5 to 124.4 m2/g). Similar relationships are noted for micropore volumes, and the lower values of these parameters in fusains are related to smaller volumes of all incremental micropore sizes. In the Springfield and the Lower Block Coal Members, among lithotypes studied, fusain has the lowest adsorption capacity. For the Lower Block, vitrain has significantly higher adsorption capacity than fusain and clarain, whereas for the Springfield, vitrain and clarain have comparable but still significantly higher adsorption capacities than fusain. The Lower Block vitrain and fusain have much higher adsorption capacities than those in the Springfield, whereas the clarains of the two coals are comparable. After exposure of coal to CO2 at high pressure, vitrains experienced the largest porosity changes among all lithotypes studied. These changes are dominantly manifested in the mesoporosity (decrease in mesopore volume) range; whereas little to no change occurred in the micropore size range. In other lithotypes (clarains, the dominant lithology in the coals studied, and sporadic fusains), the changes were minimal. ?? 2008 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Energy and Fuels","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/ef800544g","issn":"08870","usgsCitation":"Mastalerz, M., Drobniak, A., and Rupp, J., 2008, Meso- and micropore characteristics of coal lithotypes: Implications for CO2 adsorption: Energy and Fuels, v. 22, no. 6, p. 4049-4061, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef800544g.","startPage":"4049","endPage":"4061","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211949,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef800544g"},{"id":239337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5441e4b0c8380cd6cf17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drobniak, A.","contributorId":11748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drobniak","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupp, J.","contributorId":78128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}