This report is a continuation of the work on a helium survey presented in Open-File Report 80-181, which covered the period Sept., 1977 - June 30, 1979. Water samples were analyzed for helium collected from twelve springs and wells, of which four are new locations. A brief description of these stations is given in Table 1 and their location is shown on the map of Figure 1. Two springs (303 and 304) previously reported on do not appear in this report. Station 306 was discontinued after August 11.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr801257","usgsCitation":"Doering, W.P., and Friedman, I., 1980, Survey of helium in natural water wells and springs in southwest Montana and vicinity; Part II: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1257, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801257.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1257/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":405866,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1257/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"southwest Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.016357421875,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -110.203857421875,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -110.203857421875,\n 47.746711194756\n ],\n [\n -113.016357421875,\n 47.746711194756\n ],\n [\n -113.016357421875,\n 44.465151013519616\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6887b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doering, Willis P.","contributorId":9650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doering","given":"Willis","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8588,"text":"ofr80181 - 1980 - Survey of helium in natural water wells and springs in Southwest Montana and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:09","indexId":"ofr80181","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-181","title":"Survey of helium in natural water wells and springs in Southwest Montana and vicinity","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80181","usgsCitation":"Doering, W.P., and Friedman, I., 1980, Survey of helium in natural water wells and springs in Southwest Montana and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-181, 43 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80181.","productDescription":"43 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0181/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36183,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0181/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6887fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doering, Willis P.","contributorId":9650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doering","given":"Willis","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11040,"text":"ofr80215 - 1980 - Summary of water-level and discharge records for the East Everglades area, Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-25T19:50:26.645825","indexId":"ofr80215","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-215","title":"Summary of water-level and discharge records for the East Everglades area, Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"Information concerning data collected and records maintained for 25 surface-water and 10 ground-water sites in the East Everglades area is presented; listed are: location of sites, period of record, type of gage used, average discharge, and extremes for period of record. A history of records for each site includes the format of the data published and what data are stored in the U.S. Geological Survey computerized data system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80215","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Dade County Planning Department","usgsCitation":"Schneider, J.J., 1980, Summary of water-level and discharge records for the East Everglades area, Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-215, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80215.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408720,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0215/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0215/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Dade County","otherGeospatial":"East Everglades area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.52154541015625,\n 25.64895443060557\n ],\n [\n -80.25787353515625,\n 25.64895443060557\n ],\n [\n -80.25787353515625,\n 25.94322678532246\n ],\n [\n -80.52154541015625,\n 25.94322678532246\n ],\n [\n -80.52154541015625,\n 25.64895443060557\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, James J.","contributorId":22356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10313,"text":"ofr81386 - 1980 - Water-level monitoring along San Andreas and San Jacinto faults, southern California, during fiscal year 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-09T15:26:34.56685","indexId":"ofr81386","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-386","title":"Water-level monitoring along San Andreas and San Jacinto faults, southern California, during fiscal year 1980","docAbstract":"Beginning in October 1976, a program of water-level monitoring of abandoned water wells was initiated in the Palmdale area with the purpose of identifying possible water-level changes premonitory to a major earthquake on the San Andreas fault. In October 1977, the program was extended southeastward along the rift zone to the Valyermo area. In November 1977, the monitoring of water wells along the San Jacinto fault was initiated with the expectation of experiencing a moderate size earthquake while monitoring was in progress. Currently over thirty wells are being monitored. Eleven wells are monitored continuously with Stevens Type F recorders, two of which have been modified to operate with the Caltech Remote Observatory Support Systems (TIMS). The remaining wells are probed weekly, or in some cases semi-weekly or daily, by volunteers. We are endeavoring to improve the volunteer program by increasing the frequency of measurements and simplifying the procedure to minimize measurement errors. Weekly water-level data are displayed on computer-generated hydrographs for each well. Rainfall and earthquakes are plotted on the graphs for direct comparison with water levels. The hydrographs are updated and reviewed weekly. Weekly hydrographs are also prepared from recorder charts on two wells maintained by W. R. Moyle, Jr., of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division Office, Laguna Niguel, California. A M5.5 earthquake occurred on 25 February 1980, between the Buck Ridge and San Jacinto strands of the San Jacinto fault zone, about 8 miles east-southeast of Anza. This is the largest earthquake which has occurred on the faults within our monitoring network. The Stevens recorder chart for well number 11S/6E-3N4 located in Borrego Valley about 20 miles southeast of the epicenter indicates that, during a period of about four hours on 21 February, the water level rose 1.5 to 1.6 feet and returned to its prior level. This is one of the most remarkable short-term water-level fluctuations observed during our monitoring program; it occurred about 88 hours prior to the earthquake. This well has been monitored since October 1977 and has had a Stevens recorder since October 1978. Long-term water levels have been remarkably steady compared to those in other wells we are monitoring. This well shows a strong response to earth tides. The Stevens record on a second well in Borrego Valley (11S/6E-1C1) showed a much smaller (0.1 foot) spike in water level at the same time as the spike in well number 11S/6E-3N4. Other continuously recording wells in Anza and Ocotillo Wells showed no identifiable water-level anomalies. The two wells in Borrego Valley which showed possible strain-induced water-level spikes appear to be more sensitive to earth tides than wells in the same area which did not show spikes in water level. We cannot conceive of any nontectonic cause for the spike on the Stevens record of well 11S/6E3N4. A creep event on the Coyote Creek fault about four miles from the well is one possibility. Because the spikes in the two wells in Borrego Valley are unique for the long-term record of these wells, they may represent precursors to the 25 February earthquake. Local seismic activity was also recorded in water levels of the two wells in Borrego Springs with continuous water-level recorders. One well showed peculiar high frequency water-level fluctuations from 22 July to 21 August 1980; since then the record has appeared normal. Several wells in the Palmdale-Valyermo area have shown peculiar changes in water level within the past year or so. The long-term hydrograph of well number 5N/12W-4H1 shows the most unusual behavior. The well showed no response to the 1977 and very heavy 1978 rainstorms, yet began to rise in early 1979 and continued to rise through the dry season of 1979. By comparison, most wells show a more normal seasonal response to rainfall. Eight wells in the Palmdale-Valyermo area have shown water-level changes which are different than would have been predicted from the previous history of water-level changes and seasonal rainfall. A longer period of observation is required to determine whether the changes are anomalous. Changes in the strain pattern and other geophysical phenomena have also been observed in southern California during about the same period as the water-level changes. If the water-level changes are the result of tectonic strain, the mechanism and significance are unknown. However, it is interesting that five of the eight wells with possibly anomalous water-level changes have been identified as good strain meters based on their response to earth tides. Six wells showing an unexpected rise in water level are located west of the earthquake swarm which occurred in 1976-1977 (McNally et al, 1978), whereas the two which show water levels lower than would have been predicted are located east of the earthquake swarm.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81386","usgsCitation":"Merifield, P., and Lamar, D., 1980, Water-level monitoring along San Andreas and San Jacinto faults, southern California, during fiscal year 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-386, x, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81386.","productDescription":"x, 77 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405009,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0386/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0386/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 35.782170703266075\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 35.782170703266075\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 32.54681317351514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb79d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merifield, P.M.","contributorId":69557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merifield","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamar, D.L.","contributorId":53801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamar","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10182,"text":"ofr802016 - 1980 - 210Pb-determined sedimentation rates and trace-metal concentrations, upper Klamath Lake and Lake Euwana, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T22:13:38.544606","indexId":"ofr802016","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-2016","title":"210Pb-determined sedimentation rates and trace-metal concentrations, upper Klamath Lake and Lake Euwana, Oregon","docAbstract":"Rates of sedimentation calculated from analyses of 210Pb activities in cores from Upper Klamath Lake and Lake Euwana (Klamath County, Ore.) indicate that the lakes, whose mean depths are 2.4 m, are filling at approximately 3.5 mm/yr. In Upper Klamath Lake, average accumulation rates range from 0.9 mm/yr at a site in Howard Bay to 12.5 mm/yr at a location near the input from Agency Lake. Divers collected cores, approximately 50 cm long, from eight locations in Upper Klamath Lake and from one location in Lake Euwana; coring sites were chosen to represent a variety of sedimentary environments. Plots of excess 210Pb activity versus depth show that a sediment-mixing layer, ranging from 5 to 20 cm in thickness, is below the sediment-water interface at all coring locations; the mixing is due to biological activity, wave and current action, and gas generation. Two cores show changes in accumulation rates during the past 100-150 years that are probably related to changes in land use. X-radiographs indicate the presence of pumice layers and allow assessment of biological activity; these two kinds of information are important to the interpretation of 210Pb activity data. Trace-metal contents were determined to establish baseline information. The eight cores from Upper Klamath Lake contain much lower concentrations of all metals measured (Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, Mn, and Zn) than are found in other lacustrine environments. The core taken from Lake Euwana contained higher concentrations of metals than the cores collected from Upper Klamath Lake.
This study was initiated in response to a concern that possible rapid accumulation of sediments in Upper Klamath Lake poses a threat to the lake's ability to support economically critical activities. The findings indicate that the lake is not filling at a rate that will cause an immediate threat to powerplant, agricultural, and recreational lake use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr802016","usgsCitation":"Martin, E.A., and Rice, C.A., 1980, 210Pb-determined sedimentation rates and trace-metal concentrations, upper Klamath Lake and Lake Euwana, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-2016, iii, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr802016.","productDescription":"iii, 48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/2016/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":405869,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/2016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Lake, Lake Euwana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.05398559570312,\n 42.18986405028881\n ],\n [\n -121.75735473632812,\n 42.18986405028881\n ],\n [\n -121.75735473632812,\n 42.49741548732684\n ],\n [\n -122.05398559570312,\n 42.49741548732684\n ],\n [\n -122.05398559570312,\n 42.18986405028881\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4929e4b0b290850eeeda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, E. Ann","contributorId":99550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Cynthia A.","contributorId":87140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15678,"text":"ofr80329 - 1980 - Hydrogeologic data for selected coal areas, east-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T21:49:21.177271","indexId":"ofr80329","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-329","title":"Hydrogeologic data for selected coal areas, east-central Montana","docAbstract":"Hydrogeologic data were collected in selected coal areas of east-central Montana to provide a basis for evaluating the effects of future coal development on the groundwater resources. Inventory records for 916 domestic, stock, public supply, commercial, and test wells are tabulated in the report; the data were collected principally from 1975 through 1976. The locations of the wells are shown on a map at a scale of 1:250,000. Lithologic logs are also included for 149 wells. Chemical analyses of water samples from selected wells consist of 167 samples analyzed for major cations and anions and 24 samples analyzed for miscellaneous constituents.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80329","usgsCitation":"Roberts, R., 1980, Hydrogeologic data for selected coal areas, east-central Montana (WRI/OFR): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-329, Report: iv, 63 p.; 1 Plate: 31.79 × 22.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80329.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 63 p.; 1 Plate: 31.79 × 22.74 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406193,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11608.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":44655,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0329/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44654,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0329/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0329/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.396,\n 46.833\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 46.833\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 47.907\n ],\n [\n -106.396,\n 47.907\n ],\n [\n -106.396,\n 46.833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"WRI/OFR","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628a59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Robert S.","contributorId":40229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Robert S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9433,"text":"ofr8164 - 1980 - Preliminary appraisal of ephemeral-streamflow characteristics as related to drainage area, active-channel width, and soils in northwestern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:22","indexId":"ofr8164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-64","title":"Preliminary appraisal of ephemeral-streamflow characteristics as related to drainage area, active-channel width, and soils in northwestern New Mexico","docAbstract":"Regression equations are presented to predict ephemeral streamflow characteristics in the San Juan Basin in northwestern New Mexico. The standard error of estimate for predicting runoff for water year 1978 using drainage area as the independent variable was 152 percent. Indications are that reliable equations for predicating annual runoff can be developed and the standard error of estimate might be reduced significantly with additional years of record. The coefficient of regression when relating drainage area to runoff for water year 1978 was significant at the 1-percent level. Preliminary results also indicate it is feasible to predict streamflow characteristics using hyrologic soil-group classifications based on runoff potential. The standard error of estimate for predicting peak discharges with recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years using active-channel width as the independent variable averaged about 50 percent, and the regression coefficient was significant at the 1-percent level. Using drainage area to predict peak discharges resulted in a standard error of estimate that averaged about 60 percent and a regression coefficient significant at the 5-percent level. The standard error of estimate averaged about 45 percent when active-channel width and drainage area were related to peak discharges in multiple regression analyses. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8164","usgsCitation":"Hejl, H.R., 1980, Preliminary appraisal of ephemeral-streamflow characteristics as related to drainage area, active-channel width, and soils in northwestern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-64, iv, 19 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8164.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0064/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37138,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0064/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c8df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hejl, H. R. Jr.","contributorId":69555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hejl","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15693,"text":"ofr8072 - 1980 - Hydrogeochemistry and simulated solute transport, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15693,"text":"ofr8072 - 1980 - Hydrogeochemistry and simulated solute transport, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","indexId":"ofr8072","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeochemistry and simulated solute transport, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38627,"text":"pp1196 - 1981 - Hydrogeochemistry and simulated solute transport, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","indexId":"pp1196","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeochemistry and simulated solute transport, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":38627,"text":"pp1196 - 1981 - Hydrogeochemistry and simulated solute transport, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","indexId":"pp1196","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrogeochemistry and simulated solute transport, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:58","indexId":"ofr8072","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-72","title":"Hydrogeochemistry and simulated solute transport, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Oil-shale mining activities in Piceance basin in northwestern Colorado could adversely affect the ground- and surface-water quality in the basin. This study of the hydrology and geochemistry of the area used groundwater solute-transport-modeling techniques to investigate the possible impact of the mines on water quality. Maps of the extent and structure of the aquifer were prepared and show that a saturated thickness of 2,000 feet occurs in the northeast part of the basin. Ground-water recharge in the upland areas in the east, south, and west parts of the basin moves down into deeper zones in the aquifer and laterally to the discharge areas along Piceance and Yellow Creeks. The saline zone and the unsaturated zone provide the majority of the dissolved solids found in the ground water. Precipitation, ion-exchange, and oxidation-reduction reactions are also occurring in the aquifer. Model simulations of groundwater pumpage in tracts C-a and C-b indicate that the altered direction of groundwater movement near the pumped mines will cause an improvement in groundwater quality near the mines and a degradation of water quality downgradient from the tracts. Model simulations of mine leaching in tract C-a and C-b indicate that equal rates of mine leaching in the tracts will produce much different effects on the water quality in the basin. Tract C-a, by virtue of its remote location from perennial streams, will primarily degrade the groundwater quality over a large area to the northeast of the tract. Tract C-b, by contrast, will primarily degrade the surface-water quality in Piceance Creek, with only localized effects on the groundwater quality. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8072","usgsCitation":"Robson, S.G., and Saulnier, G.J., 1980, Hydrogeochemistry and simulated solute transport, Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-72, vi, 95 p. maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8072.","productDescription":"vi, 95 p. maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0072/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44688,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628dec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robson, Stanley G.","contributorId":73187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robson","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saulnier, George J.","contributorId":67523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saulnier","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9710,"text":"ofr80223 - 1980 - Copper River hydraulic study at Million Dollar Bridge, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:21","indexId":"ofr80223","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-223","title":"Copper River hydraulic study at Million Dollar Bridge, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Copper River hydraulic conditions in the vicinity of the Million-Dollar Bridge, Alaska, at the outlet to Miles Lake are described. The water discharge, lake and river bed profiles, bathymetry, velocity, and direction of flow are presented. (Kosco-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80223","usgsCitation":"Jones, S.H., and Barber, W.F., 1980, Copper River hydraulic study at Million Dollar Bridge, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-223, iii, 6 p. :1 ill. (fold. in envelope), 2 maps (1 fold. in envelope) ;30 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80223.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p. :1 ill. (fold. in envelope), 2 maps (1 fold. in envelope) ;30 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0223/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37459,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37457,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0223/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37458,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0223/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68639c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Stanley H.","contributorId":98729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, William F.","contributorId":61039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10309,"text":"ofr80407 - 1980 - Finite-difference model to simulate the areal flow of saltwater and fresh water separated by an interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:29","indexId":"ofr80407","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-407","title":"Finite-difference model to simulate the areal flow of saltwater and fresh water separated by an interface","docAbstract":"Model documentation is presented for a two-dimensional (areal) model capable of simulating ground-water flow of salt water and fresh water separated by an interface. The partial differential equations are integrated over the thicknesses of fresh water and salt water resulting in two equations describing the flow characteristics in the areal domain. These equations are approximated using finite-difference techniques and the resulting algebraic equations are solved for the dependent variables, fresh water head and salt water head. An iterative solution method was found to be most appropriate. The program is designed to simulate time-dependent problems such as those associated with the development of coastal aquifers, and can treat water-table conditions or confined conditions with steady-state leakage of fresh water. The program will generally be most applicable to the analysis of regional aquifer problems in which the zone between salt water and fresh water can be considered a surface (sharp interface). Example problems and a listing of the computer code are included. (USGS).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80407","usgsCitation":"Mercer, J.W., Larson, S.P., and Faust, C.R., 1980, Finite-difference model to simulate the areal flow of saltwater and fresh water separated by an interface: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-407, 93 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80407.","productDescription":"93 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0407/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38167,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0407/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696b99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mercer, James W.","contributorId":85968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, S. P.","contributorId":34903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faust, Charles R.","contributorId":89533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faust","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10688,"text":"ofr8073 - 1980 - A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks, Blackford and Delaware counties, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T17:48:51.326652","indexId":"ofr8073","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-73","title":"A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks, Blackford and Delaware counties, Indiana","docAbstract":"The Indiana State Board of Health is developing a State water-quality management plan that includes establishing limits for liquid wastes discharged into Indiana streams. A digital computer model was used to predict alternatives for future waste loadings on Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks that would be compatible with Indiana stream water-quality standards defined for two critical hydrologic conditions, summer and winter low flows.
The model parameters included atmospheric reaeration, carbonaceous and nitrogenous biochemical-oxygen demand, and benthic-oxygen demand. The model was calibrated with data collected during three water-quality surveys at low flow. Verification of the model was not possible owing to varied effluent discharge during sampling. During these surveys, in-stream dissolved-oxygen concentration averaged less than 3 milligrams per liter, well below the State minimum requirement of 5.0 milligrams per liter. The model indicated that these low concentrations were caused by high waste loadings, lack of dilution, low reaeration, and benthic-oxygen demand.
The hypothetical summer waste-assimilation study assumed that future reductions in discharge Loadings would decrease carbonaceous and benthic decay and increase nitrogenous decay. This hypothetical study indicated that projected effluent waste loads that would provide acceptable in-stream dis-solved-oxygen concentrations are highly dependent on rates of nitrification. Ammonia toxicity became the limiting water-quality criterion at low nitrification rates.
The hypothetical winter waste-assimilation study indicated that projected dissolved-oxygen concentrations in Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks did not fall below the State standard. Owing to a lack of dilution, however, ammonia-nitrogen concentrations would violate in-stream toxicity standards in both Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks. In order to quantify the results of the waste-assimilation study, it would be necessary to collect additional stream data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8073","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana State Board of Health","usgsCitation":"Peters, J.G., Crawford, C.G., and Wilber, W.G., 1980, A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks, Blackford and Delaware counties, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-73, ix, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8073.","productDescription":"ix, 102 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":144253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0073/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":398235,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0073/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Blackford County, Delaware County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.4453,40.567],[-85.3327,40.5674],[-85.2208,40.5677],[-85.2008,40.5679],[-85.2012,40.4804],[-85.2066,40.4804],[-85.2073,40.3789],[-85.2091,40.3793],[-85.2205,40.379],[-85.2182,40.3073],[-85.2168,40.2198],[-85.2165,40.135],[-85.2157,40.0765],[-85.5763,40.0769],[-85.5784,40.3794],[-85.4451,40.3792],[-85.4448,40.3933],[-85.4454,40.4799],[-85.4453,40.567]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Blackford\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab901","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, James G.","contributorId":69137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":161802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilber, William G. wgwilber@usgs.gov","contributorId":297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilber","given":"William","email":"wgwilber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":161801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10298,"text":"ofr8171 - 1980 - Preliminary delineation of salty ground water in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10298,"text":"ofr8171 - 1980 - Preliminary delineation of salty ground water in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain","indexId":"ofr8171","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary delineation of salty ground water in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38437,"text":"pp1404D - 1989 - The occurrence and geochemistry of salty ground water in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain","indexId":"pp1404D","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"The occurrence and geochemistry of salty ground water in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":38437,"text":"pp1404D - 1989 - The occurrence and geochemistry of salty ground water in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain","indexId":"pp1404D","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"The occurrence and geochemistry of salty ground water in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T18:03:25.706033","indexId":"ofr8171","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-71","title":"Preliminary delineation of salty ground water in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"Salty ground water underlies freshwater in the eastern part of the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain. The transition zone between freshwater and saltwater is represented in this report by a series of maps showing the depths to chloride concentrations of 250, 1,000, 10,000, and 18,000 milligrams per liter. The maps are based on chloride concentrations obtained from self-potential logs as well as from water-quality analyses.
Depths to the designated chloride concentrations generally increase inland from the coast except in New Jersey where they are greatest along the coast and in North Carolina where depths to the 10,000 and 18,000 milligrams per liter concentrations are greatest beneath Pamlico Sound. The transition zone between 250 and 18,000 milligrams per liter of chloride is generally 1,500 to 2,300 feet thick except in part of North Carolina, where it is less than 1,000 feet.
Depths to 250 and 1,000 milligrams per liter of chloride are probably controlled by the natural flow pattern of fresh ground water. Areas where these concentrations are relatively shallow generally coincide with areas of natural ground-water discharge. Depths to 10,000 and 18,000 milligrams per liter of chloride, and the occurrence offshore of ground water that is fresher than seawater, is attributed to long-term hydrologic conditions during which sea level fluctuations of a few hundred feet recurred several times. The origin of ground water that is saltier than seawater is attributed to the leaching of evaporitic strata beneath the Continental Shelf and Slope followed by westward movement of the brines during periods of sea-level rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8171","usgsCitation":"Meisler, H., 1980, Preliminary delineation of salty ground water in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-71, Report: 41 p.; 4 Figures: 50.22 x 22.92 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8171.","productDescription":"Report: 41 p.; 4 Figures: 50.22 x 22.92 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":484706,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0071/figure-5.pdf","text":"Figure 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":484705,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0071/figure-4.pdf","text":"Figure 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":484704,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0071/figure-3.pdf","text":"Figure 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":484703,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0071/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":484702,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0071/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47e4e4b07f02db4bb3fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meisler, Harold","contributorId":34103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meisler","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11596,"text":"ofr8016 - 1980 - Flood of June 18, 1978, on Honey Creek tributary at Thornville, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T12:00:59","indexId":"ofr8016","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-16","title":"Flood of June 18, 1978, on Honey Creek tributary at Thornville, Ohio","docAbstract":"A high-intensity summer rain estimated at 8 inches in 2 hours caused flooding on a small stream near Thornville, Ohio, destroying a culvert and highway fill on State Route 188. Computation of peak discharges of 3,250 feet3 per second at a site 4,400 feet above and of 4,050 feet3 per second at a site 3,250 feet below the culvert indicates a greater than 100-year flood.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Columbus, OH","doi":"10.3133/ofr8016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Webber, E.E., and Mayo, R.I., 1980, Flood of June 18, 1978, on Honey Creek tributary at Thornville, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-16, iii, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8016.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":145933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330801,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Thornville","otherGeospatial":"Honey Creek Tributary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.47745513916016,\n 39.87285761791617\n ],\n [\n -82.37943649291992,\n 39.87285761791617\n ],\n [\n -82.37943649291992,\n 39.92843137829837\n ],\n [\n -82.47745513916016,\n 39.92843137829837\n ],\n [\n -82.47745513916016,\n 39.87285761791617\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66e93c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webber, Earl E.","contributorId":48569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayo, Ronald I.","contributorId":22777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8803,"text":"ofr80339 - 1980 - Limnological data for 12 reservoirs in Valley County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T16:48:19.581587","indexId":"ofr80339","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-339","title":"Limnological data for 12 reservoirs in Valley County, Montana","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from 12 reservoirs in northeastern Montana during the late winter, spring, summer, and early fall of 1978. The resulting physical and chemical water-quality data will be useful in managing the reservoirs for use of stock watering, waterfowl propagation, fish production, and recreation. The surface areas of the reservoirs range for 0.4 to 28.1 hectares with water depths ranging from 0.25 to 6.9 meters. The chemical composition of water varied among reservoirs and with season. Specific conductance ranged from 446 to 4,020 micromhos per centimeter during the winter sampling period and from 62 to 999 micromhos per centimeter during the spring sampling period. Although a pH of 6.9 was measured at one reservoir during the winter, pH values generally ranged from 7.7 to 9.8. Under ice cover, which averaged 1.0 meter thick in late February, three reservoirs attained dissolved-oxygen concentrations above saturation. Each reservoir can be classified as having one of the following three water types: sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, or calcium sodium bicarbonate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80339","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Ferreira, R.F., 1980, Limnological data for 12 reservoirs in Valley County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-339, iv, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80339.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404362,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0339/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0339/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Valley County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.75,48.5 ], [ -106.75,49 ], [ -106,49 ], [ -106,48.5 ], [ -106.75,48.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferreira, Rodger F.","contributorId":13976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"Rodger","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13958,"text":"ofr80578 - 1980 - Hydrologic data from upper Grange Hall Creek basin, Northglenn, Adams County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:53","indexId":"ofr80578","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-578","title":"Hydrologic data from upper Grange Hall Creek basin, Northglenn, Adams County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data collected during 1977-79 as part of a water-resources investigation of storm runoff in Upper Grange Hall Creek basin, Adams County, Colo., are presented in this report. Data presented in tabular form consist of: (1) Estimated daily precipitation at one site (April through October, 1978 and 1979); (2) mean daily streamflow at two sites (December 1977 through September 1979); (3) instantaneous streamflow at two sites along Grange Hall Creek and corresponding cumulative rainfall at one to three sites for 17 storms (April 1, 1978, to August 26, 1979); (4) concentrations of selected major ions, fecal-coliform bacteria, suspended sediment, nutrients, and trace elements at five sites during dry-weather flow, at three sites during rainfall runoff, and at five sites during snowmelt runoff; and (5) concentrations of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls at two sites during dry-weather flow and rainfall runoff. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80578","usgsCitation":"Hall, D.C., and Duncan, A., 1980, Hydrologic data from upper Grange Hall Creek basin, Northglenn, Adams County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-578, v, 137 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80578.","productDescription":"v, 137 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94504,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015046045962?urlappend=%3Bseq=3"},{"id":147382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db607640","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Dennis C.","contributorId":95473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncan, A.C.","contributorId":70397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8195,"text":"ofr80390 - 1980 - Copper-bearing quartzite near Watersmeet, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:09","indexId":"ofr80390","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-390","title":"Copper-bearing quartzite near Watersmeet, Michigan","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80390","usgsCitation":"Cannon, W.F., 1980, Copper-bearing quartzite near Watersmeet, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-390, 7 p. 2 maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80390.","productDescription":"7 p. 2 maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0390/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35808,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0390/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685969","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":157324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10792,"text":"ofr80224 - 1980 - Source areas of salinity and trends of salt loads in streamflow in the upper Colorado River, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T10:19:22","indexId":"ofr80224","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-224","title":"Source areas of salinity and trends of salt loads in streamflow in the upper Colorado River, Texas","docAbstract":"A series of seven studies of the quality and quantity of low flows in a 35.5-mile reach of the Colorado River upstream from Colorado City, Texas, were made from February 1975 to March 1978 to delineate areas of saline inflow. These studies showed generally that ground water contributed throughout the reach is saline, but that loads of dissolved constituents in ground-water accretions are highest in three subreaches. Yields per mile of river channel from these subreaches during the low-flow studies averaged more than 5.5 tons of dissolved solids per day, of which more than 1.8 tons were sodium and 2.9 tons were chloride.
\nSalt-load trend studies for three long-term continuous streamflow and daily water-quality stations show that the salinity of the flow upstream from Ira (mile 826.3) increased significantly after 1963 but decreased significantly after 1970. Part of the reach upstream from Ira is proximate to oil fields. The production and open-pit disposal of oil-field brines in the area increased significantly in the early 1960's; but a ban on open-pit disposal was enacted in 1969. No significant downward trend of salinity in flow at other daily water-quality stations downstream from Ira occurred after the ban on open-pit disposal of oilfield brines.
\nThe low-flow and salt-load trend studies indicate that part of the salinity in the flow of the Colorado River has resulted from the inflow of oil-field brine; but preponderant evidence indicates that the major part of the salinity is of natural origin. Neither the ban on open-pit disposal nor pumping of saline ground water has significantly reduced the salinity of flow downstream from Cuthbert (mile 810.6).
\nDiversion of saline low flows from the Colorado River at mile 799.3 upstream from Colorado City since January 1969 has resulted in significant improvement in the quality of water. Decreases in the dischargeweighted averages of dissolved solids and chloride in the flow of the Colorado River at Colorado City (mile 796.3) during the 1969-78 water years were about 420 milligrams per liter and 280 milligrams per liter, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80224","usgsCitation":"Rawson, J., 1980, Source areas of salinity and trends of salt loads in streamflow in the upper Colorado River, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-224, Report: 66 p.; Plate: 10.10 x 14.88 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80224.","productDescription":"Report: 66 p.; Plate: 10.10 x 14.88 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":38588,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0224/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38587,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0224/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0224/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7778","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rawson, Jack","contributorId":18345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawson","given":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9211,"text":"ofr80161 - 1980 - Channel erosion and sediment transport in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin; a preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T09:51:20","indexId":"ofr80161","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-161","title":"Channel erosion and sediment transport in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin; a preliminary report","docAbstract":"The purpose of this 5-year study is to (1) evaluate the sediment transport, streamflow characteristics, and stream-channel morphology, (2) relate the above to land-use practices; and (3) evaluate the effect that changes in land-use practices will have on Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wis. This report presents findings of sediment transport, streamflow characteristics, and stream-channel morphology from the first year of the study and documents historical erosion. The study is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the city of Middleton and the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey. Pheasant Branch, a tributary to Lake Mendota, drains 23.1 square miles of glacial drift. Channel erosion is severe within Middleton, requiring extensive use of erosion-control structures. Occasionally, channel dredging near the mouth and into Lake Mendota is required for boating. Comparison of stream-channel surveys of 1971 and 1977 shows the lowest part of the channel lowered 3 to 4 feet at some sites in the urban reach from U.S. Highway 12 downstream to Century Avenue. Downstream from Century Avenue, channel width increased from about 35 to 48 feet and channel cross-section area increased about 86 percent. A survey of Pheasant Branch in 1971 provided data for quantification of stream-channel changes since that time. Six erosion-control structures previously installed appear to have had some benefit in controlling head cutting in the channel. (USGS).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with City of Middleton and Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"Grant, R.S., and Goddard, G., 1980, Channel erosion and sediment transport in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin; a preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-161, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80161.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":142718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0161/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36822,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0161/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wiscoonsin","county":"Dane County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mendota, Pheasant Branch Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.60758209228516,\n 43.06788453128748\n ],\n [\n -89.60758209228516,\n 43.15360247702298\n ],\n [\n -89.45823669433594,\n 43.15360247702298\n ],\n [\n -89.45823669433594,\n 43.06788453128748\n ],\n [\n -89.60758209228516,\n 43.06788453128748\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3ea9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, R. Stephen","contributorId":83125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goddard, Gerald","contributorId":54202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"Gerald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9375,"text":"ofr80961 - 1980 - Ground-water hydrology of James City County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T14:37:07","indexId":"ofr80961","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-961","title":"Ground-water hydrology of James City County, Virginia","docAbstract":"Urbanization and increase in water demand prompted a 2-year study of groundwater availability and quality in the county of James City. The coastal-plain sediments, parts of which underlie the county, are the largest source of groundwater in Virginia. Four aquifers form the complex aquifer system. Hydraulic characteristics vary from aquifer to aquifer and from place to place. The Cretaceous aquifer furnishes nearly all the water for industrial and municipal needs. Movement of water in the Cretaceous aquifer is toward cones of depression formed by pumping centers at Williamsburg and Dow Badische Co. All aquifers contain water that generally meets State standards for drinking water. Water in the Cretaceous aquifer is of the sodium chloride bicarbonate type. As depth of aquifer increases, the concentrations of dissolved solids and chloride also increase. Saline water (more than 250 milligrams per liter) occupies the deeper parts of the confined aquifers. The amount of water stored in the coastal sediments is estimated to be 650-1300 billion gallons. An increase in pumpage to accommodate the expected daily demand of 9.8 million gallons per day in year 2000 is feasible provided pumpage is distributed over the county. (USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr80961","usgsCitation":"Harsh, J.F., 1980, Ground-water hydrology of James City County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-961, Report: ix, 73 p.; 4 plates: 27.60 x 26.64 in. or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80961.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 73 p.; 4 plates: 27.60 x 26.64 in. or smaller","numberOfPages":"82","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":37092,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0961/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0961/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37088,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0961/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37089,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0961/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37090,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0961/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37091,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0961/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669055","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harsh, John F.","contributorId":81905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harsh","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8887,"text":"ofr791545 - 1980 - Preliminary report on the hydrogeology of a low-level radioactive waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-26T18:10:27.022333","indexId":"ofr791545","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1545","title":"Preliminary report on the hydrogeology of a low-level radioactive waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois","docAbstract":"The Sheffield low-level radioactive-waste disposal site is located on 20 acres of rolling terrain about 3 miles southwest of Sheffield, Illinois. Twenty-one trenches were constructed and filled with radioactive waste from August 1967 through April 1978. Forty-three test wells were installed by the U.S. Geological Survey on and adjacent to the site. Continuous cores were collected from 36 wells to help in defining the subsurface geology. The wells have been used for water sample collection and to monitor water-level changes. A tunnel. 6.5 feet in diameter by 290 feet in length, was constructed beneath four burial trenches to provide access for collection of hydrologic and geologic data.
Pennsylvanian shale and mudstone deposits are overlain by Pleistocene glacial deposits consisting of the Teneriffe Silt, Glasford Formation, Roxana Silt, Peoria Loess, Parkland Sand, Cahokia Alluvium, and Henry Formation. Three till units of the Glasford Formation, the Hulick Till Member, the Radnor Till Member, and Till A have been identified on the site. Stratigraphic position indicates that the Hulick Till Member and Till A are probably variations of the same till. A continuous pebbly sand deposit, classified as part of the Toulon Member, extends across the middle of the site and continues off site on the northeast and southwest corners. Because of its relatively high hydraulic conductivity, this deposit will be a controlling factor in shallow groundwater movement and in any radionuclide migration.
Ground water at the site is derived through infiltration of precipitation and as underflow from adjacent highlands. Precipitation averages 35 inches per year, 1 or 2 inches of which probably recharge the ground water. Runoff is estimated to be 12 to 15 inches per year and evapotranspiration about 20 inches.
The fluctuation of water levels has been about 2.5 feet in hilltop wells, 3.6 feet in sidehill wells, and 5.9 feet in valley wells.
Hydraulic conductivity of the materials comprising the hydrogeologic system vary widely from about 2.8 to 2.8 x 10-6 feet/day. Tritium in ground water near the southeast corner of the site has moved about 25 feet per year since June 1975.