Stable sulfur (S) isotope ratios can be used to identify the sources of sulfate contributing to streamwater. We collected weekly and high-flow stream samples for S isotopic analysis of sulfate through the entire water year 2003 plus the snowmelt period of 2004. The study area was the 41-ha forested W-9 catchment at Sleepers River Research Watershed, Vermont, a site known to produce sulfate from weathering of sulfide minerals in the bedrock. The δ34S values of streamwater sulfate followed an annual sinusoidal pattern ranging from about 6.5‰ in early spring to about 10‰ in early fall. During high-flow events, δ34S values typically decreased by 1 to 3‰ from the prevailing seasonal value. The isotopic evidence suggests that stream sulfate concentrations are controlled by: (1) an overall dominance of bedrock-derived sulfate (δ34S ~ 6–14‰); (2) contributions of pedogenic sulfate (δ34S ~ 5–6‰) during snowmelt and storms with progressively diminishing contributions during base flow recession; and (3) minor effects of dissimilatory bacterial sulfate reduction and subsequent reoxidation of sulfides. Bedrock should not be overlooked as a source of S in catchment sulfate budgets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.020","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., Mayer, B., Mitchell, M.J., and Bailey, S.W., 2008, Seasonal and event variations in δ34S values of stream sulfate in a Vermont forested catchment: Implications for sulfur sources and cycling: Science of the Total Environment, v. 404, no. 2-3, p. 262-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.020.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"268","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213201,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.020"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Sleepers River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.35595703125,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -72.35595703125,\n 44.63739123445585\n ],\n [\n -71.5869140625,\n 44.63739123445585\n ],\n [\n -71.5869140625,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -72.35595703125,\n 44.213709909702054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"404","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b886fe4b08c986b316986","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, Bernhard","contributorId":94972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Bernhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, Myron J.","contributorId":73734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Myron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bailey, Scott W. 0000-0002-9160-156X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-156X","contributorId":36840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033424,"text":"70033424 - 2008 - Satellite remotely-sensed land surface parameters and their climatic effects for three metropolitan regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:13:30","indexId":"70033424","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite remotely-sensed land surface parameters and their climatic effects for three metropolitan regions","docAbstract":"By using both high-resolution orthoimagery and medium-resolution Landsat satellite imagery with other geospatial information, several land surface parameters including impervious surfaces and land surface temperatures for three geographically distinct urban areas in the United States – Seattle, Washington, Tampa Bay, Florida, and Las Vegas, Nevada, are obtained. Percent impervious surface is used to quantitatively define the spatial extent and development density of urban land use. Land surface temperatures were retrieved by using a single band algorithm that processes both thermal infrared satellite data and total atmospheric water vapor content. Land surface temperatures were analyzed for different land use and land cover categories in the three regions. The heterogeneity of urban land surface and associated spatial extents were shown to influence surface thermal conditions because of the removal of vegetative cover, the introduction of non-transpiring surfaces, and the reduction in evaporation over urban impervious surfaces. Fifty years of in situ climate data were integrated to assess regional climatic conditions. The spatial structure of surface heating influenced by landscape characteristics has a profound influence on regional climate conditions, especially through urban heat island effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.004","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"Xian, G., 2008, Satellite remotely-sensed land surface parameters and their climatic effects for three metropolitan regions: Advances in Space Research, v. 41, no. 11, p. 1861-1869, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1861","endPage":"1869","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213200,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.004"}],"volume":"41","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86e6e4b08c986b3161bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, George 0000-0001-5674-2204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":76589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033420,"text":"70033420 - 2008 - Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033420","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"The oxidation of sulfide-rich rocks, mostly leftover debris from Cu mining in the early 20th century, is contributing to metal contamination of local coastal environments in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Analyses of sulfide, water, sediment, precipitate and biological samples from the Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman mine sites show that acidic surface waters generated from sulfide weathering are pathways for redistribution of environmentally important elements into and beyond the intertidal zone at each site. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits composed of pyrrhotite and (or) pyrite + chalcopyrite + sphalerite with subordinate galena, arsenopyrite, and cobaltite represent potent sources of Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Co, Cd, and Hg. The resistance to oxidation among the major sulfides increases in the order pyrrhotite ??? sphalerite < chalcopyrite ??? pyrite; thus, pyrrhotite-rich rocks are typically more oxidized than those dominated by pyrite. The pervasive alteration of pyrrhotite begins with rim replacement by marcasite followed by replacement of the core by sulfur, Fe sulfate, and Fe-Al sulfate. The oxidation of chalcopyrite and pyrite involves an encroachment by colloform Fe oxyhydroxides at grain margins and along crosscutting cracks that gradually consumes the entire grain. The complete oxidation of sulfide-rich samples results in a porous aggregate of goethite, lepidocrocite and amorphous Fe-oxyhydroxide enclosing hydrothermal and sedimentary silicates. An inverse correlation between pH and metal concentrations is evident in water data from all three sites. Among all waters sampled, pore waters from Ellamar beach gravels have the lowest pH (???3) and highest concentrations of base metals (to ???25,000 ??g/L), which result from oxidation of abundant sulfide-rich debris in the sediment. High levels of dissolved Hg (to 4100 ng/L) in the pore waters probably result from oxidation of sphalerite-rich rocks. The low-pH and high concentrations of dissolved Fe, Al, and SO4 are conducive to precipitation of interstitial jarosite in the intertidal gravels. Although pore waters from the intertidal zone at the Threeman mine site have circumneutral pH values, small amounts of dissolved Fe2+ in the pore waters are oxidized during mixing with seawater, resulting in precipitation of Fe-oxyhydroxide flocs along the beach-seawater interface. At the Beatson site, surface waters funneled through the underground mine workings and discharged across the waste dumps have near-neutral pH (6.7-7.3) and a relatively small base-metal load; however, these streams probably play a role in the physical transport of metalliferous particulates into intertidal and offshore areas during storm events. Somewhat more acidic fluids, to pH 5.3, occur in stagnant seeps and small streams emerging from the Beatson waste dumps. Amorphous Fe precipitates in stagnant waters at Beatson have high Cu (5.2 wt%) and Zn (2.3 wt%) concentrations that probably reflect adsorption onto the extremely high surface area of colloidal particles. Conversely, crystalline precipitates composed of ferrihydrite and schwertmannite that formed in the active flow of small streams have lower metal contents, which are attributed to their smaller surface area and, therefore, fewer reactive sorption sites. Seeps containing precipitates with high metal contents may contribute contaminants to the marine environment during storm-induced periods of high runoff. Preliminary chemical data for mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman indicate that bioaccumulation of base metals is occurring in the marine environment at all three sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Koski, R., Munk, L., Foster, A., Shanks, W.C., and Stillings, L., 2008, Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 2, p. 227-254, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007.","startPage":"227","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213196,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007"},{"id":240799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dc7e4b08c986b31da98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, R.A.","contributorId":16006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munk, L.","contributorId":45889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munk","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, A. L. 0000-0003-1362-0068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":17190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stillings, L.L.","contributorId":52229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033410,"text":"70033410 - 2008 - Sensitivity of June near‐surface temperatures and precipitation in the eastern United States to historical land cover changes since European settlement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:02:40","indexId":"70033410","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of June near‐surface temperatures and precipitation in the eastern United States to historical land cover changes since European settlement","docAbstract":"Land cover changes alter the near surface weather and climate. Changes in land surface properties such as albedo, roughness length, stomatal resistance, and leaf area index alter the surface energy balance, leading to differences in near surface temperatures. This study utilized a newly developed land cover data set for the eastern United States to examine the influence of historical land cover change on June temperatures and precipitation. The new data set contains representations of the land cover and associated biophysical parameters for 1650, 1850, 1920, and 1992, capturing the clearing of the forest and the expansion of agriculture over the eastern United States from 1650 to the early twentieth century and the subsequent forest regrowth. The data set also includes the inferred distribution of potentially water‐saturated soils at each time slice for use in the sensitivity tests. The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System, equipped with the Land Ecosystem‐Atmosphere Feedback (LEAF‐2) land surface parameterization, was used to simulate the weather of June 1996 using the 1992, 1920, 1850, and 1650 land cover representations. The results suggest that changes in surface roughness and stomatal resistance have caused present‐day maximum and minimum temperatures in the eastern United States to warm by about 0.3°C and 0.4°C, respectively, when compared to values in 1650. In contrast, the maximum temperatures have remained about the same, while the minimums have cooled by about 0.1°C when compared to 1920. Little change in precipitation was found.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006546","usgsCitation":"Strack, J.E., Pielke, R.A., Steyaert, L.T., and Knox, R.G., 2008, Sensitivity of June near‐surface temperatures and precipitation in the eastern United States to historical land cover changes since European settlement: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 11, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006546.","productDescription":"Article W11401; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006546","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d27e4b08c986b31829d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strack, John E.","contributorId":41346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strack","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pielke, Roger A. Sr.","contributorId":32762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pielke","given":"Roger","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, Louis T.","contributorId":24689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knox, Robert G.","contributorId":2767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knox","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033647,"text":"70033647 - 2008 - Factors affecting bottom trawl catches: Implications for monitoring the fishes of Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033647","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting bottom trawl catches: Implications for monitoring the fishes of Lake Superior","docAbstract":"An annual daytime bottom trawl survey of the Lake Superior fish community designed in 1978 does not adequately assess the entire community. Whereas recent studies have recommended that pelagic species be surveyed with a combination of acoustic and midwater trawling methods (AC-MT), we used bottom trawling to study the effects of depth, diel period, and season on biomass estimates and the sizes of bottom-oriented species. Day and night bottom trawl samples were collected within 48 h at three depths (30, 60, and 120 m) at a Lake Superior site during eight sampling periods that included two seasons each year (early summer and late summer to early fall) for 2 years (2004 and 2005). Depth significantly affected the biomass of seven of the eight species analyzed, while diel period affected the biomass of six species. For most species, average biomass levels were higher at night. The effect of season on biomass was comparatively low (three species were significantly affected). Depth significantly affected the sizes of six bottom-oriented species, as the average length of most species increased with depth. The effects of diel period (three species) and season (one species) on average length were comparatively small. By adding night bottom trawl samples to night AC-MT collections, the entire fish community of Lake Superior can be monitored with a single lakewide survey employing multiple gears. The establishment of offshore sampling (i.e., where depths exceed 80 m) will provide estimates of deepwater species that have been largely undersampled by the 1978-designed survey. We recommend that the present fish community survey be maintained, albeit at a reduced level, until a nighttime survey time series is well established (in 3-5 years).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M06-289.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Yule, D., Adams, J., Stockwell, J., and Gorman, O.T., 2008, Factors affecting bottom trawl catches: Implications for monitoring the fishes of Lake Superior: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 1, p. 109-122, https://doi.org/10.1577/M06-289.1.","startPage":"109","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214490,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M06-289.1"},{"id":242222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e9be4b0c8380cd53531","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yule, D.L.","contributorId":78853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, J.V.","contributorId":94069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, J.D.","contributorId":19678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gorman, O. T.","contributorId":104605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033138,"text":"70033138 - 2008 - Solute profiles in soils, weathering gradients and exchange equilibrium/disequilibrium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:51:29","indexId":"70033138","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute profiles in soils, weathering gradients and exchange equilibrium/disequilibrium","docAbstract":"The spatial and temporal changes in hydrology and pore water elemental and 87/86Sr compositions were used to determine contemporary weathering rates in a 65 to 226 ky old soil chronosequence formed from granitic sediments deposited on marine terraces along coastal California. Cl-corrected Na, K and Si increased with depth denoting inputs from the weathering of plagioclase and K-feldspar. Solute 87/86Sr exhibited progressive mixing of sea water-dominated precipitation with inputs from less radiogenic plagioclase. Linear approximations to these weathering gradients were used to determine plagioclase weathering rates of between 0.38 and 8.9×10−15 moles m−2 s−1. The lack of corresponding weathering gradients for Ca and Sr indicated short-term equilibrium with the clay ion exchange pool which requires periodic resetting by natural perturbations to maintain continuity, in spite of soil composition changes reflecting the effects of long-term weathering.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society","doi":"10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.149","issn":"00264","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Stonestrom, D.A., Vivit, D., Fitzpatrick, J., and Bullen, T., 2008, Solute profiles in soils, weathering gradients and exchange equilibrium/disequilibrium: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 72, no. 1, p. 149-153, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.149.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213390,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.149"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9252e4b08c986b319e39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, M. S.","contributorId":7299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vivit, D.V.","contributorId":28609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivit","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J.","contributorId":28744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bullen, T.","contributorId":102651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033133,"text":"70033133 - 2008 - Extreme changes in stable hydrogen isotopes and precipitation characteristics in a landfalling Pacific storm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033133","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extreme changes in stable hydrogen isotopes and precipitation characteristics in a landfalling Pacific storm","docAbstract":"With a new automated precipitation collector we measured a remarkable decrease of 51??? in the hydrogen isotope ratio (?? 2H) of precipitation over a 60-minute period during the landfall of an extratropical cyclone along the California coast on 21 March 2005. The rapid drop in ??2H occurred as precipitation generation transitioned from a shallow to a much deeper cloud layer, in accord with synoptic-scale ascent and deep \"seeder-feeder\" precipitation. Such unexpected ?? 2H variations can substantially impact widely used isotope-hydrograph methods. From extreme ??2H values of -26 and -78???, we calculate precipitation temperatures of 9.7 and -4.2??C using an adiabatic condensation isotope model, in good agreement with temperatures estimated from surface observations and radar data. This model indicates that 60 percent of the moisture was precipitated during ascent as temperature decreased from 15??C at the ocean surface to -4??C above the measurement site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008GL035481","issn":"00948","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T., Neiman, P., White, A., Landwehr, J., Ralph, F., and Dettinger, M.D., 2008, Extreme changes in stable hydrogen isotopes and precipitation characteristics in a landfalling Pacific storm: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 21, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035481.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213336,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035481"},{"id":240951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e66e4b0c8380cd53431","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neiman, P.J.","contributorId":14991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neiman","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, A.B.","contributorId":45878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landwehr, J.M.","contributorId":39815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landwehr","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ralph, F.M.","contributorId":39174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033412,"text":"70033412 - 2008 - Updated radiometric calibration for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper reflective bands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:22:26","indexId":"70033412","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Updated radiometric calibration for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper reflective bands","docAbstract":"The Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) has been the workhorse of the Landsat system. Launched in 1984, it continues collecting data through the time frame of this paper. Thus, it provides an invaluable link to the past history of the land features of the Earth's surface, and it becomes imperative to provide an accurate radiometric calibration of the reflective bands to the user community. Previous calibration has been based on information obtained from prelaunch, the onboard calibrator, vicarious calibration attempts, and cross-calibration with Landsat-7. Currently, additional data sources are available to improve this calibration. Specifically, improvements in vicarious calibration methods and development of the use of pseudoinvariant sites for trending provide two additional independent calibration sources. The use of these additional estimates has resulted in a consistent calibration approach that ties together all of the available calibration data sources. Results from this analysis indicate a simple exponential, or a constant model may be used for all bands throughout the lifetime of Landsat-5 TM. Where previously time constants for the exponential models were approximately one year, the updated model has significantly longer time constants in bands 1-3. In contrast, bands 4, 5, and 7 are shown to be best modeled by a constant. The models proposed in this paper indicate calibration knowledge of 5% or better early in life, decreasing to nearly 2% later in life. These models have been implemented at the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) and are the default calibration used for all Landsat TM data now distributed through EROS. ?? 2008 IEEE.","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2008.920966","issn":"01962","usgsCitation":"Helder, D., Markham, B.L., Thome, K.J., Barsi, J., Chander, G., and Malla, R., 2008, Updated radiometric calibration for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper reflective bands, v. 46, no. 10, p. 3309-3325, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.920966.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3309","endPage":"3325","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213228,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.920966"}],"volume":"46","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd1be4b08c986b328ecb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markham, B. L.","contributorId":88872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thome, K. J.","contributorId":88099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thome","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barsi, J. A.","contributorId":24085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barsi","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Malla, R.","contributorId":9866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malla","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030484,"text":"70030484 - 2008 - Medieval forewarning of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Thailand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030484","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Medieval forewarning of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Thailand","docAbstract":"Recent centuries provide no precedent for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, either on the coasts it devastated or within its source area. The tsunami claimed nearly all of its victims on shores that had gone 200 years or more without a tsunami disaster. The associated earthquake of magnitude 9.2 defied a Sumatra-Andaman catalogue that contains no nineteenth-century or twentieth-century earthquake larger than magnitude 7.9 (ref. 2). The tsunami and the earthquake together resulted from a fault rupture 1,500 km long that expended centuries' worth of plate convergence. Here, using sedimentary evidence for tsunamis, we identify probable precedents for the 2004 tsunami at a grassy beach-ridge plain 125 km north of Phuket. The 2004 tsunami, running 2 km across this plain, coated the ridges and intervening swales with a sheet of sand commonly 5-20 cm thick. The peaty soils of two marshy swales preserve the remains of several earlier sand sheets less than 2,800 years old. If responsible for the youngest of these pre-2004 sand sheets, the most recent full-size predecessor to the 2004 tsunami occurred about 550-700 years ago. ??2008 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature07373","issn":"00280","usgsCitation":"Jankaew, K., Atwater, B., Sawai, Y., Choowong, M., Charoentitirat, T., Martin, M., and Prendergast, A., 2008, Medieval forewarning of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Thailand: Nature, v. 455, no. 7217, p. 1228-1231, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07373.","startPage":"1228","endPage":"1231","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211808,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07373"},{"id":239173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"455","issue":"7217","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a537ee4b0c8380cd6cb05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jankaew, K.","contributorId":84976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jankaew","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atwater, B.F. 0000-0003-1155-2815","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":14006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"B.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawai, Y.","contributorId":47510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawai","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choowong, M.","contributorId":82525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choowong","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Charoentitirat, T.","contributorId":9856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charoentitirat","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martin, M.E.","contributorId":94097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Prendergast, A.","contributorId":64022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prendergast","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033108,"text":"70033108 - 2008 - Enabling global collaboration in the geosciences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033108","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Enabling global collaboration in the geosciences","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Eos","language":"English","issn":"00963","usgsCitation":"Klump, J., Allison, L., Asch, K., Fox, P., Gundersen, L., Jackson, I., Loewe, P., Snyder, W., and Ritschel, B., 2008, Enabling global collaboration in the geosciences, in Eos, v. 89, no. 49, p. 503-504.","startPage":"503","endPage":"504","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0918e4b0c8380cd51ddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klump, J.","contributorId":101527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klump","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allison, L.","contributorId":51611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allison","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asch, K.","contributorId":57732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fox, P.","contributorId":59213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gundersen, L.","contributorId":58903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gundersen","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, I.","contributorId":89752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Loewe, P.","contributorId":47253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loewe","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Snyder, W.S.","contributorId":107428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ritschel, B.","contributorId":43634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritschel","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70033109,"text":"70033109 - 2008 - A soil burn severity index for understanding soil-fire relations in tropical forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T11:33:02","indexId":"70033109","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A soil burn severity index for understanding soil-fire relations in tropical forests","docAbstract":"Methods for evaluating the impact of fires within tropical forests are needed as fires become more frequent and human populations and demands on forests increase. Short- and long-term fire effects on soils are determined by the prefire, fire, and postfire environments. We placed these components within a fire-disturbance continuum to guide our literature synthesis and develop an integrated soil burn severity index. The soil burn severity index provides a set of indicators that reflect the range of conditions present after a fire. The index consists of seven levels, an unburned level and six other levels that describe a range of postfire soil conditions. We view this index as a tool for understanding the effects of fires on the forest floor, with the realization that as new information is gained, the index may be modified as warranted. ?? Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2008.","largerWorkTitle":"Ambio","language":"English","issn":"00447","usgsCitation":"Jain, T., Gould, W., Graham, R., Pilliod, D., Lentile, L., and Gonzalez, G., 2008, A soil burn severity index for understanding soil-fire relations in tropical forests, in Ambio, v. 37, no. 7-8, p. 563-568.","startPage":"563","endPage":"568","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e59be4b0c8380cd46e7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jain, T.B.","contributorId":38368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jain","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gould, W.A.","contributorId":42433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, R.T.","contributorId":88159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pilliod, D. S.","contributorId":45259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pilliod","given":"D. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lentile, L.B.","contributorId":18582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lentile","given":"L.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gonzalez, G.","contributorId":47174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033637,"text":"70033637 - 2008 - Chronic and episodic acidification of Adirondack streams from acid rain in 2003-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033637","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronic and episodic acidification of Adirondack streams from acid rain in 2003-2005","docAbstract":"Limited information is available on streams in the Adirondack region of New York, although streams are more prone to acidification than the more studied Adirondack lakes. A stream assessment was therefore undertaken in the Oswegatchie and Black River drainages; an area of 4585 km2 in the western part of the Adirondack region. Acidification was evaluated with the newly developed base-cation surplus (BCS) and the conventional acid-neutralizing capacity by Gran titration (ANCG). During the survey when stream water was most acidic (March 2004), 105 of 188 streams (56%) were acidified based on the criterion of BCS < 0 ??eq L-1, whereas 29% were acidified based on an ANCG value < 0 ??eq L-1. During the survey when stream water was least acidic (August 2003), 15 of 129 streams (12%) were acidified based on the criterion of BCS < 0 ??eq L-1, whereas 5% were acidified based on ANCG value < 0 ??eq L -1. The contribution of acidic deposition to stream acidification was greater than that of strongly acidic organic acids in each of the surveys by factors ranging from approximately 2 to 5, but was greatest during spring snowmelt and least during elevated base flow in August. During snowmelt, the percentage attributable to acidic deposition was 81%, whereas during the October 2003 survey, when dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were highest, this percentage was 66%. The total length of stream reaches estimated to be prone to acidification was 718 km out of a total of 1237 km of stream reaches that were assessed. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0061","issn":"00472","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G., Roy, K.M., Baldigo, B., Simonin, H.A., Capone, S.B., Sutherland, J., Nierzwicki-Bauer, S., and Boylen, C., 2008, Chronic and episodic acidification of Adirondack streams from acid rain in 2003-2005: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 6, p. 2264-2274, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0061.","startPage":"2264","endPage":"2274","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214339,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0061"}],"volume":"37","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5ebe4b0c8380cd4c4b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, K. M.","contributorId":52710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simonin, H. A.","contributorId":85713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simonin","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Capone, S. B.","contributorId":106254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Capone","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sutherland, J.W.","contributorId":61622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutherland","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nierzwicki-Bauer, S. A.","contributorId":89328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nierzwicki-Bauer","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boylen, C.W.","contributorId":43151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boylen","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70033203,"text":"70033203 - 2008 - Influences of organic matter and calcification rate on trace elements in aragonitic estuarine bivalve shells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T09:43:47","indexId":"70033203","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of organic matter and calcification rate on trace elements in aragonitic estuarine bivalve shells","docAbstract":"A suite of elements (B, Na, Mg, S, K, Ca, V, Mn, Cr, Sr, and Ba) was measured in aragonitic shells of the estuarine bivalve Corbula amurensis, the Asian clam, using the Sensitive High-Resolution Ion MicroProbe with Reverse Geometry (SHRIMP RG). Our initial intent was to explore potential geochemical proxy relationships between shell chemistry and salinity (freshwater inflow) in northern San Francisco Bay (SFB). In the course of this study we observed variations in shell trace element to calcium ([M]/Ca) ratios that could only be attributed to internal biological processes. This paper discusses the nature and sources of internal trace element variability in C. amurensis shells related to the shell organic fraction and shell calcification rates. The average organic content of whole C. amurensis shells is 19%. After treating whole powdered shells with an oxidative cleaning procedure to remove organic matter, shells contained on average 33% less total Mg and 78% less total Mn. Within our analytical uncertainty, Sr and Ba contents were unchanged by the removal of organic matter. These results show that aragonitic C. amurensis shells have a large component of non-lattice-bound Mg and Mn that probably contribute to the dissimilarity of [M]/Ca profiles among five same-sized shells. Non-lattice-bound trace elements could complicate the development and application of geochemical proxy relationships in bivalve shells. Because B, Ba and Sr occur exclusively in shell aragonite, they are good candidates for external proxy relationships. [M]/Ca ratios were significantly different in prismatic and nacreous aragonite and in two valves of the same shell that had different crystal growth rates. Some part of these differences can be attributed to non-lattice-bound trace elements associated with the organic fraction. The differences in [M]/Ca ratios were also consistent with the calcification rate-dependent ion transport model developed by Carré et al. [Carré M., Bentaleb I., Bruguier O., Ordinola E., Barrett N. T. and Fontugne M. (2006) Calcification rate influence on trace element concentrations in aragonitic bivalve shells: evidences and mechanisms. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta70, 4906–4920] which predicts that [M]/Ca ratios increase as calcification rates increase and Ca2+ channel specificity decreases. This result, in combination with the possibility that there were ontogenetic variations in growth rates among individuals younger than 2 years, underscores the need to develop an independent age model for C. amurensis shells. If growth-rate effects on lattice-bound [M]/Ca ratios can be constrained, it may yet be possible to develop high-resolution geochemical proxies for external solution chemistry in low-salinity regions of SFB.
The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA) is the first true-color, high-spatial-resolution image of the seventh continent. It is constructed from nearly 1100 individually selected Landsat-7 ETM+ scenes. Each image was orthorectified and adjusted for geometric, sensor and illumination variations to a standardized, almost seamless surface reflectance product. Mosaicing to avoid clouds produced a high quality, nearly cloud-free benchmark data set of Antarctica for the International Polar Year from images collected primarily during 1999-2003. Multiple color composites and enhancements were generated to illustrate additional characteristics of the multispectral data including: the true appearance of the surface; discrimination between snow and bare ice; reflectance variations within bright snow; recovered reflectance values in regions of sensor saturation; and subtle topographic variations associated with ice flow. LIMA is viewable and individual scenes or user defined portions of the mosaic are downloadable at http://lima.usgs.gov. Educational materials associated with LIMA are available at http://lima.nasa.gov.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.006","issn":"00344","usgsCitation":"Bindschadler, R., Vornberger, P., Fleming, A., Fox, A., Mullins, J., Binnie, D., Paulsen, S., Granneman, B.J., and Gorodetzky, D., 2008, The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 112, no. 12, p. 4214-4226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.006.","startPage":"4214","endPage":"4226","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213454,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.006"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","volume":"112","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7a8e4b08c986b3216f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bindschadler, Robert","contributorId":11112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bindschadler","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vornberger, P.","contributorId":29648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vornberger","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleming, A.","contributorId":103879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fox, A.","contributorId":52405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mullins, J.","contributorId":74585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Binnie, D.","contributorId":49187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binnie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Paulsen, S.J.","contributorId":84986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Granneman, Brian J. 0000-0002-1910-0955 grann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1910-0955","contributorId":4209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granneman","given":"Brian","email":"grann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gorodetzky, D.","contributorId":37159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorodetzky","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70032686,"text":"70032686 - 2008 - Sources, transformations, and hydrological processes that control stream nitrate and dissolved organic matter concentrations during snowmelt in an upland forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:09:09","indexId":"70032686","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources, transformations, and hydrological processes that control stream nitrate and dissolved organic matter concentrations during snowmelt in an upland forest","docAbstract":"We explored catchment processes that control stream nutrient concentrations at an upland forest in northeastern Vermont, USA, where inputs of nitrogen via atmospheric deposition are among the highest in the nation and affect ecosystem functioning. We traced sources of water, nitrate, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) using stream water samples collected at high frequency during spring snowmelt. Hydrochemistry, isotopic tracers, and end‐member mixing analyses suggested the timing, sources, and source areas from which water and nutrients entered the stream. Although stream‐dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) both originated from leaching of soluble organic matter, flushing responses between these two DOM components varied because of dynamic shifts of hydrological flow paths and sources that supply the highest concentrations of DOC and DON. High concentrations of stream water nitrate originated from atmospheric sources as well as nitrified sources from catchment soils. We detected nitrification in surficial soils during late snowmelt which affected the nitrate supply that was available to be transported to streams. However, isotopic tracers showed that the majority of nitrate in upslope surficial soil waters after the onset of snowmelt originated from atmospheric sources. A fraction of the atmospheric nitrogen was directly delivered to the stream, and this finding highlights the importance of quick flow pathways during snowmelt events. These findings indicate that interactions among sources, transformations, and hydrologic transport processes must be deciphered to understand why concentrations vary over time and over space as well as to elucidate the direct effects of human activities on nutrient dynamics in upland forest streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR006983","usgsCitation":"Sebestyen, S.D., Boyer, E.W., Shanley, J.B., Kendall, C., Doctor, D.H., Aiken, G.R., and Ohte, N., 2008, Sources, transformations, and hydrological processes that control stream nitrate and dissolved organic matter concentrations during snowmelt in an upland forest: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 12, W12410; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006983.","productDescription":"W12410; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b93abe4b08c986b31a610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen D.","contributorId":195126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ohte, Nobuhito","contributorId":73363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohte","given":"Nobuhito","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032869,"text":"70032869 - 2008 - Parent-offspring communication in the western sandpiper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032869","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parent-offspring communication in the western sandpiper","docAbstract":"Western sandpiper (Calidris mauri) chicks are precocial and leave the nest shortly after hatch to forage independently. Chicks require thermoregulatory assistance from parents (brooding) for 5-7 days posthatch, and parents facilitate chick survival for 2-3 weeks posthatch by leading and defending chicks. Parental vocal signals are likely involved in protecting chicks from predators, preventing them from wandering away and becoming lost and leading them to good foraging locations. Using observational and experimental methods in the field, we describe and demonstrate the form and function of parent-chick communication in the western sandpiper. We document 4 distinct calls produced by parents that are apparently directed toward their chicks (brood, gather, alarm, and freeze calls). Through experimental playback of parental and non-parental vocalizations to chicks in a small arena, we demonstrated the following: 1) chicks respond to the alarm call by vocalizing relatively less often and moving away from the signal source, 2) chicks respond to the gather call by vocalizing relatively more often and moving toward the signal source, and 3) chicks respond to the freeze call by vocalizing relatively less often and crouching motionless on the substrate for extended periods of time. Chicks exhibited consistent directional movement and space use to parental and non-parental signals. Although fewer vocalizations were given in response to non-parental signals, which may indicate a weaker response to unfamiliar individuals, the relative number of chick calls given to each type of call signal was consistent between parental and non-parental signals. We also discovered 2 distinct chick vocalizations (chick-contact and chick-alarm calls) during arena playback experiments. Results indicate that sandpiper parents are able to elicit antipredatory chick behaviors and direct chick movement and vocalizations through vocal signals. Future study of parent-offspring communication should determine whether shorebird chicks exhibit parental recognition though vocalizations and the role of chick vocalizations in parental behavior. ?? The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behavioral Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arn003","issn":"10452249","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M., Aref, S., and Walters, J.R., 2008, Parent-offspring communication in the western sandpiper: Behavioral Ecology, v. 19, no. 3, p. 489-501, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arn003.","startPage":"489","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486998,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arn003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213872,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arn003"},{"id":241538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7508e4b0c8380cd7795e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, M.","contributorId":85531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aref, S.","contributorId":93712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aref","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, J. R.","contributorId":91061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032527,"text":"70032527 - 2008 - Tsunami probability in the Caribbean Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032527","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Tsunami probability in the Caribbean Region","docAbstract":"We calculated tsunami runup probability (in excess of 0.5 m) at coastal sites throughout the Caribbean region. We applied a Poissonian probability model because of the variety of uncorrelated tsunami sources in the region. Coastlines were discretized into 20 km by 20 km cells, and the mean tsunami runup rate was determined for each cell. The remarkable ???500-year empirical record compiled by O'Loughlin and Lander (2003) was used to calculate an empirical tsunami probability map, the first of three constructed for this study. However, it is unclear whether the 500-year record is complete, so we conducted a seismic moment-balance exercise using a finite-element model of the Caribbean-North American plate boundaries and the earthquake catalog, and found that moment could be balanced if the seismic coupling coefficient is c = 0.32. Modeled moment release was therefore used to generate synthetic earthquake sequences to calculate 50 tsunami runup scenarios for 500-year periods. We made a second probability map from numerically-calculated runup rates in each cell. Differences between the first two probability maps based on empirical and numerical-modeled rates suggest that each captured different aspects of tsunami generation; the empirical model may be deficient in primary plate-boundary events, whereas numerical model rates lack backarc fault and landslide sources. We thus prepared a third probability map using Bayesian likelihood functions derived from the empirical and numerical rate models and their attendant uncertainty to weight a range of rates at each 20 km by 20 km coastal cell. Our best-estimate map gives a range of 30-year runup probability from 0 - 30% regionally. ?? irkhaueser 2008.","largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-008-0416-7","issn":"00334","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., and Geist, E., 2008, Tsunami probability in the Caribbean Region, in Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 165, no. 11-1, p. 2089-2116, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-008-0416-7.","startPage":"2089","endPage":"2116","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213888,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-008-0416-7"},{"id":241555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"11-1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8abe4b08c986b3279d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033136,"text":"70033136 - 2008 - Cross-kingdom amplification using Bacteria-specific primers: Complications for studies of coral microbial ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T14:59:22.774562","indexId":"70033136","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cross-kingdom amplification using Bacteria-specific primers: Complications for studies of coral microbial ecology","docAbstract":"PCR amplification of pure bacterial DNA is vital to the study of bacterial interactions with corals. Commonly used Bacteria-specific primers 8F and 27F paired with the universal primer 1492R amplify both eukaryotic and prokaryotic rRNA genes. An alternative primer set, 63F/1542R, is suggested to resolve this problem.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASM journals","doi":"10.1128/AEM.01303-08","usgsCitation":"Galkiewicz, J.P., and Kellogg, C.A., 2008, Cross-kingdom amplification using Bacteria-specific primers: Complications for studies of coral microbial ecology: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 74, no. 24, p. 7828-7831, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01303-08.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"7828","endPage":"7831","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489755,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01303-08","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcc2e4b0c8380cd4e408","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galkiewicz, Julia P.","contributorId":61944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galkiewicz","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, Christina A. 0000-0002-6492-9455 ckellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-9455","contributorId":391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Christina","email":"ckellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033641,"text":"70033641 - 2008 - Utilizing spectral analysis of coastal discharge computed by a numerical model to determine boundary influence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033641","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utilizing spectral analysis of coastal discharge computed by a numerical model to determine boundary influence","docAbstract":"In the present study, a spectral analysis was applied to field data and a numerical model of southeastern Everglades and northeastern Florida Bay that involved computing and comparing the power spectrum of simulated and measured flows at the primary coastal outflow creek. Four dominant power frequencies, corresponding to the S1, S2, M2, and 01 tidal periods, were apparent in the measured outflows. The model seemed to reproduce the magnitudes of the S1 and S2 components better than those of the M2 and 01 components. To determine the cause of the relatively poor representation of the M2 and 01 components, we created a steady-base version of the model by setting the time-varying forcing functions - rainfall, evapotranspiration, wind, and inland and tidal boundary conditions - to averaged values. The steady-base model was then modified to produce multiple simulations with only one time-varying forcing function for each model run. These experimental simulations approximated the individual effects of each forcing function on the system. The spectral analysis of the experimental simulations indicated that temporal fluctuations in rainfall, evapotranspiration, and inland water level and discharge boundaries have negligible effects on coastal creek flow fluctuations with periods of less than 48 hours. The tidal boundary seems to be the only forcing function inducing the M2 and 01 frequency flow fluctuations in the creek. An analytical formulation was developed, relating the errors induced by the tidal water-level gauge resolution to the errors in the simulated discharge fluctuations at the coastal creek. This formulation yielded a discharge-fluctuation error similar in magnitude to the errors observed when comparing the spectrum of the simulated and measured discharge. The dominant source of error in the simulation of discharge fluctuation magnitude is most likely the resolution of the water-level gauges used to create the model boundary.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/07-0848.1","issn":"07490","usgsCitation":"Swain, E., Langevin, C., and Wang, J., 2008, Utilizing spectral analysis of coastal discharge computed by a numerical model to determine boundary influence: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1418-1429, https://doi.org/10.2112/07-0848.1.","startPage":"1418","endPage":"1429","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214400,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/07-0848.1"},{"id":242123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0e1e4b08c986b32a38d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, E.D. 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":29007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"E.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, J.D.","contributorId":72588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033626,"text":"70033626 - 2008 - Decomposition of soil organic matter from boreal black spruce forest: Environmental and chemical controls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T07:55:07","indexId":"70033626","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decomposition of soil organic matter from boreal black spruce forest: Environmental and chemical controls","docAbstract":"Black spruce forests are a dominant covertype in the boreal forest region, and they inhabit landscapes that span a wide range of hydrologic and thermal conditions. These forests often have large stores of soil organic carbon. Recent increases in temperature at northern latitudes may be stimulating decomposition rates of this soil carbon. It is unclear, however, how changes in environmental conditions influence decomposition in these systems, and if substrate controls of decomposition vary with hydrologic and thermal regime. We addressed these issues by investigating the effects of temperature, moisture, and organic matter chemical characteristics on decomposition of fibric soil horizons from three black spruce forest sites. The sites varied in drainage and permafrost, and included a “Well Drained” site where permafrost was absent, and “Moderately well Drained” and “Poorly Drained” sites where permafrost was present at about 0.5 m depth. Samples collected from each site were incubated at five different moisture contents (2, 25, 50, 75, and 100% saturation) and two different temperatures (10°C and 20°C) in a full factorial design for two months. Organic matter chemistry was analyzed using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry prior to incubation, and after incubation on soils held at 20°C, 50% saturation. Mean cumulative mineralization, normalized to initial carbon content, ranged from 0.2% to 4.7%, and was dependent on temperature, moisture, and site. The effect of temperature on mineralization was significantly influenced by moisture content, as mineralization was greatest at 20°C and 50–75% saturation. While the relative effects of temperature and moisture were similar for all soils, mineralization rates were significantly greater for samples from the “Well Drained” site compared to the other sites. Variations in the relative abundances of polysaccharide-derivatives and compounds of undetermined source (such as toluene, phenol, 4-methyl phenol, and several unidentifiable compounds) could account for approximately 44% of the variation in mineralization across all sites under ideal temperature and moisture conditions. Based on our results, changes in temperature and moisture likely have similar, additive effects on in situ soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition across a wide range of black spruce forest systems, while variations in SOM chemistry can lead to significant differences in decomposition rates within and among forest sites.