To investigate the role of the seepage zone in transport, chemical speciation, and attenuation of nitrogen loads carried by submarine groundwater discharge, we collected nearshore groundwater samples (n = 328) and examined the distribution and isotopic signature (δ15N) of nitrate and ammonium. In addition, we estimated nutrient fluxes from terrestrial and marine groundwater sources. We discuss our results in the context of three aquifer zones: a fresh groundwater zone, a shallow salinity transition zone (STZ), and a deep STZ. Groundwater plumes containing nitrate and ammonium occurred in the freshwater zone, whereas the deep STZ carried almost exclusively ammonium. The distributions of redox-cycled elements were consistent with theoretical thermodynamic stability of chemical species, with sharp interfaces between water masses of distinct oxidation : reduction potential, suggesting that microbial transformations of nitrogen were rapid relative to dispersive mixing. In limited locations in which overlap occurs between distribution of nitrate with that of ammonium and dissolved Fe2+, changes in concentration and in δ15N suggest loss of all species. Concurrent removal of NO3− and NH4+, both in freshwater and the deep STZ, might occur through a range of mechanisms, including heterotrophic or autotrophic denitrification, coupled nitrfication : denitrification, anammox, or Mn oxidation of NH4+. Loss of nitrogen was not apparent in the shallow STZ, perhaps because of short water residence time. Despite organic Cpoor conditions, the nearshore aquifer and subterranean estuary are biogeochemically active zones, where attenuation of N loads can occur. Extent of attenuation is controlled by the degree of mixing of biogeochemically dissimilar water masses, highlighting the critical role of hydrogeology in N biogeochemistry. Mixing is related in part to thinning of the freshwater lens before discharge and to dispersion at the fresh : saline groundwater interface, features common to all submarine groundwater discharge zones.
","language":"English","doi":"10.4319/lo.2008.53.3.1025","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Kroeger, K., and Charette, M., 2008, Nitrogen biogeochemistry of submarine groundwater discharge: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 53, no. 3, p. 1025-1039, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.3.1025.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1039","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487114,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.3.1025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66c9e4b0c8380cd72fb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kroeger, K.D.","contributorId":26060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charette, M.A.","contributorId":62014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charette","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033428,"text":"70033428 - 2008 - Using conservation value to assess land restoration and management alternatives across a degraded oak savanna landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033428","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using conservation value to assess land restoration and management alternatives across a degraded oak savanna landscape","docAbstract":"1. Managers considering restoration of landscapes often face a fundamental challenge - what should be the habitat composition of the restored landscape? We present a method for evaluating an important conservation trade-off inherent in making that decision. 2. Oak savannas and grasslands were historically widespread across central North America but are now rare. Today, in north-west Indiana, USA, habitats spanning a range of woody vegetation density, from nearly treeless open habitats to forests, occur across the conserved landscape where savannas probably once dominated. To understand the benefits of different potential landscape compositions, we evaluated how different proportions of five habitats - open, savanna, woodland, scrub and forest - might affect the conservation value of the north-west Indiana landscape for birds. Two variables of potential conservation importance were examined: species diversity, a measure of avian community richness, and conservation index, the percentage of a bird species' global population occurring on a hectare of landscape, summed across all bird species present. Higher values of conservation index were associated with higher local densities of globally more rare and more threatened species. 3. Conservation index and species diversity were correlated negatively across hypothetical landscapes composed of different proportions of the five habitats. Therefore, a management trade-off existed between conservation index and species diversity because landscapes that maximized species diversity differed from landscapes that maximized conservation index. 4. A landscape of 50% open, 22% savanna, 15% scrub and 13% forest was predicted to represent a compromise at which conservation index and species diversity reached the same percentage of their maxima. In contrast, the current landscape is dominated by forest. 5. Synthesis and applications. We quantified the trade-off between two potential aspects of a landscape's conservation value for birds - the landscape's ability to promote avian species diversity and the landscape's use by threatened avian species. This quantification allowed us to evaluate the ability of different landscape compositions to achieve preferable trade-off compromises, such as maximizing diversity for a given level of landscape use by threatened species. Managers can use these trade-off results to determine which landscape compositions are associated with particular conservation and management priorities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01422.x","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Grundel, R., and Pavlovic, N., 2008, Using conservation value to assess land restoration and management alternatives across a degraded oak savanna landscape: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 45, no. 1, p. 315-324, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01422.x.","startPage":"315","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487780,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01422.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213225,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01422.x"},{"id":240830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc03fe4b08c986b329ff7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grundel, R.","contributorId":37110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlovic, N.B.","contributorId":105076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033427,"text":"70033427 - 2008 - Persistent environmental pollutants in eggs of aplomado falcons from Northern Chihuahua, Mexico, and South Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033427","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1523,"text":"Environment International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistent environmental pollutants in eggs of aplomado falcons from Northern Chihuahua, Mexico, and South Texas, USA","docAbstract":"The northern aplomado falcon (Falco femoralis septentrionalis) disappeared from south Texas in the 1940s. Due to great success in the release of captive-reared aplomado falcons in south Texas, there are currently more than 40 established nesting pairs in the region. Addled eggs from aplomado falcons nesting in northern Chihuahua and south Texas were analyzed to determine organochlorine (OC) and inorganic element contaminant burdens and their potential association with egg failures and effects on reproduction. Among the OCs, DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] was present at the highest concentrations (range 262-21487??ng/g wet weight) followed by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, range 88-3274??ng/g ww). DDE was greater (P = 0.03) in eggs from El Sueco (Chihuahua, Mexico) than in those from Matagorda Island (Texas, USA). DDE concentrations in eggs of aplomado falcons from El Sueco were elevated; however, reproductive success in the two Chihuahuan populations did not seem to be affected by DDE. DDE and metals in potential avian prey of the aplomado falcon from Matagorda Island were very low and below levels in the diet at which some negative effects might be expected. Except for mercury (Hg), metal concentrations in eggs were fairly low and were not different among locations in Chihuahua and south Texas. Hg was somewhat elevated and was greater (P < 0.001) in Texas than in the Chihuahua locations. Periodic monitoring of Hg concentrations in addled eggs of aplomado falcons in south Texas is recommended to continue evaluating potential negative effects on their recovery. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environment International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2007.06.009","issn":"01604120","usgsCitation":"Mora, M., Montoya, A., Lee, M., Macias-Duarte, A., Rodriguez-Salazar, R., Juergens, P., and Lafon-Terrazas, A., 2008, Persistent environmental pollutants in eggs of aplomado falcons from Northern Chihuahua, Mexico, and South Texas, USA: Environment International, v. 34, no. 1, p. 44-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2007.06.009.","startPage":"44","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":499967,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/28cc910e876047faa4a4dc4eac626a1d","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213224,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2007.06.009"},{"id":240829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76f6e4b0c8380cd783ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mora, M.A.","contributorId":71923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montoya, A.B.","contributorId":89359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montoya","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, M.C.","contributorId":78159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Macias-Duarte, Alberto","contributorId":70605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macias-Duarte","given":"Alberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodriguez-Salazar, R.","contributorId":58848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Salazar","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Juergens, P.W.","contributorId":15414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juergens","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lafon-Terrazas, A.","contributorId":25367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafon-Terrazas","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033426,"text":"70033426 - 2008 - The distribution of nuclear genetic variation and historical demography of sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T16:35:58","indexId":"70033426","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution of nuclear genetic variation and historical demography of sea otters","docAbstract":"The amount and distribution of population genetic variation is crucial information for the design of effective conservation strategies for endangered species and can also be used to provide inference about demographic processes and patterns of migration. Here, we describe variation at a large number of nuclear genes in sea otters Enhydra lutris ssp. We surveyed 14 variable microsatellite loci and two genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in up to 350 California sea otters Enhydra lutris nereis, which represents ∼10% of the subspecies' population, and 46 otters from two Alaskan sites. We utilized methods for detecting past reductions in effective population size to examine the effects of near extinction from the fur trade. Summary statistic tests largely failed to find a signal of a recent population size reduction (within the past 200 years), but a Bayesian method found a signal of a strong reduction over a longer time scale (up to 500 years ago). These results indicate that the reduction in size began long enough ago that much genetic variation was lost before the 19th century fur trade. A comparison of geographic distance and pairwise relatedness for individual otters found no evidence of kin-based spatial clustering for either gender. This indicates that there is no population structure, due to extended family groups, within the California population. A survey of population genetic variation found that two of the MHC genes, DQB and DRB, had two alleles present and one of the genes, DRA, was monomorphic in otters. This contrasts with other mammals, where they are often the most variable coding genes known. Genetic variation in the sea otter is among the lowest observed for a mammal and raises concerns about the long-term viability of the species, particularly in the face of future environmental changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00144.x","usgsCitation":"Aguilar, A., Jessup, D.A., Estes, J., and Garza, J., 2008, The distribution of nuclear genetic variation and historical demography of sea otters: Animal Conservation, v. 11, no. 1, p. 35-45, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00144.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476884,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00144.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baad8e4b08c986b322a50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aguilar, A.","contributorId":47985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aguilar","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jessup, David A.","contributorId":96226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessup","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, J.","contributorId":45881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garza, J.C.","contributorId":53170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garza","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033423,"text":"70033423 - 2008 - Effects of acoustic waves on stick-slip in granular media and implications for earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033423","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of acoustic waves on stick-slip in granular media and implications for earthquakes","docAbstract":"It remains unknown how the small strains induced by seismic waves can trigger earthquakes at large distances, in some cases thousands of kilometres from the triggering earthquake, with failure often occurring long after the waves have passed. Earthquake nucleation is usually observed to take place at depths of 10-20 km, and so static overburden should be large enough to inhibit triggering by seismic-wave stress perturbations. To understand the physics of dynamic triggering better, as well as the influence of dynamic stressing on earthquake recurrence, we have conducted laboratory studies of stick-slip in granular media with and without applied acoustic vibration. Glass beads were used to simulate granular fault zone material, sheared under constant normal stress, and subject to transient or continuous perturbation by acoustic waves. Here we show that small-magnitude failure events, corresponding to triggered aftershocks, occur when applied sound-wave amplitudes exceed several microstrain. These events are frequently delayed or occur as part of a cascade of small events. Vibrations also cause large slip events to be disrupted in time relative to those without wave perturbation. The effects are observed for many large-event cycles after vibrations cease, indicating a strain memory in the granular material. Dynamic stressing of tectonic faults may play a similar role in determining the complexity of earthquake recurrence. ??2007 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature06440","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Johnson, P., Savage, H., Knuth, M., Gomberg, J., and Marone, C., 2008, Effects of acoustic waves on stick-slip in granular media and implications for earthquakes: Nature, v. 451, no. 7174, p. 57-60, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06440.","startPage":"57","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06440"},{"id":240802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"451","issue":"7174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a067ce4b0c8380cd51281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, P.A.","contributorId":91220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, H.","contributorId":8680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knuth, M.","contributorId":11415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knuth","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marone, Chris","contributorId":7426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marone","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033422,"text":"70033422 - 2008 - Determining an age for the Inararo Tuff eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, based on correlation with a distal ash layer in core MD97-2142, South China Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033422","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining an age for the Inararo Tuff eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, based on correlation with a distal ash layer in core MD97-2142, South China Sea","docAbstract":"The largest known eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the late Quaternary was the Inararo Tuff Formation (ITF) eruption, roughly estimated as five times larger than the 1991 eruption. The precise age of the ITF eruption has been uncertain. Here, a correlative of the ITF eruption, Layer D, is identified in marine sediments, and an age obtained. Tephras were identified in core MD97-2142 of Leg II of the IMAGES III cruise in northern offshore of Palawan, southeastern South China Sea (12??41.33???N, 119??27.90???E). On the basis of the geochemical and isotopic fingerprints, Layer D can be correlated with the ITF eruption of the modern Pinatubo-eruption sequence. By means of the MD97-2142 SPECMAP chronology, Layer D was dated at around 81??2 ka. This estimated age of the ITF eruption and tephra Layer D coincides with an anomalously high SO4-2 spike occurring within the 5 millennia from 79 to 84 ka in the GISP2 ice core record. ?? 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.025","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Ku, Y., Chen, C., Newhall, C.G., Song, S., Yang, T., Iizuka, Y., and McGeehin, J., 2008, Determining an age for the Inararo Tuff eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, based on correlation with a distal ash layer in core MD97-2142, South China Sea: Quaternary International, v. 178, no. 1, p. 138-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.025.","startPage":"138","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213198,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.025"}],"volume":"178","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffebe4b0c8380cd4f48d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ku, Y.-P.","contributorId":47169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ku","given":"Y.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, C.-H.","contributorId":62029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newhall, C. G.","contributorId":93056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Song, S.-R.","contributorId":71004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"S.-R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yang, T.F.","contributorId":60861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Iizuka, Y.","contributorId":76949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iizuka","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McGeehin, J.","contributorId":49554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033421,"text":"70033421 - 2008 - Summer season variability of the north residual cap of Mars as observed by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T09:26:57","indexId":"70033421","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer season variability of the north residual cap of Mars as observed by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES)","docAbstract":"Previous observations have noted the change in albedo in a number of North Pole bright outliers and in the distribution of bright ice deposits between Mariner 9, Viking, and Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) data sets. Changes over the summer season as well as between regions at the same season (Ls) in different years have been observed. We used the bolometric albedo and brightness temperature channels of the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) on the MGS spacecraft to monitor north polar residual ice cap variations between Mars years and within the summer season for three northern Martian summers between July 1999 and April 2003. Large-scale brightness variations are observed in four general areas: (1) the patchy outlying frost deposits from 90 to 270°E, 75 to 80°N; (2) the large “tail” below the Chasma Boreale and its associated plateau from 315 to 45°E, 80 to 85°N, that we call the “Boreale Tongue” and in Hyperboreae Undae; (3) the troughed terrain in the region from 0 to 120°E longitude (the lower right on a polar stereographic projection) we have called “Shackleton's Grooves” and (4) the unit mapped as residual ice in Olympia Planitia. We also note two areas which seem to persist as cool and bright throughout the summer and between Mars years. One is at the “source” of Chasma Boreale (∼15°E, 85°N) dubbed “McMurdo”, and the “Cool and Bright Anomaly (CABA)” noted by Kieffer and Titus 2001. TES Mapping of Mars’ north seasonal cap. Icarus 154, 162–180] at ∼330°E, 87°N called here “Vostok”. Overall defrosting occurs early in the summer as the temperatures rise and then after the peak temperatures are reached (Ls∼110) higher elevations and outlier bright deposits cold trap and re-accumulate new frost. Persistent bright areas are associated with either higher elevations or higher background albedos suggesting complex feedback mechanisms including cold-trapping of frost due to albedo and elevation effects, as well as influence of mesoscale atmospheric dynamics.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.005","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Calvin, W.M., and Titus, T.N., 2008, Summer season variability of the north residual cap of Mars as observed by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES): Planetary and Space Science, v. 56, no. 2, p. 212-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.005.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f42e4b08c986b31e44f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvin, Wendy M.","contributorId":93508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvin","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033415,"text":"70033415 - 2008 - Biomorphodynamics: Physical-biological feedbacks that shape landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033415","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomorphodynamics: Physical-biological feedbacks that shape landscapes","docAbstract":"Plants and animals affect morphological evolution in many environments. The term \"ecogeomorphology\" describes studies that address such effects. In this opinion article we use the term \"biomorphodynamics\" to characterize a subset of ecogeomorphologic studies: those that investigate not only the effects of organisms on physical processes and morphology but also how the biological processes depend on morphology and physical forcing. The two-way coupling precipitates feedbacks, leading to interesting modes of behavior, much like the coupling between flow/sediment transport and morphology leads to rich morphodynamic behaviors. Select examples illustrate how even the basic aspects of some systems cannot be understood without considering biomorphodynamic coupling. Prominent examples include the dynamic interactions between vegetation and flow/sediment transport that can determine river channel patterns and the multifaceted biomorphodynamic feedbacks shaping tidal marshes and channel networks. These examples suggest that the effects of morphology and physical processes on biology tend to operate over the timescale of the evolution of the morphological pattern. Thus, in field studies, which represent a snapshot in the pattern evolution, these effects are often not as obvious as the effects of biology on physical processes. However, numerical modeling indicates that the influences on biology from physical processes can play a key role in shaping landscapes and that even local and temporary vegetation disturbances can steer large-scale, long-term landscape evolution. The prevalence of biomorphodynamic research is burgeoning in recent years, driven by societal need and a confluence of complex systems-inspired modeling approaches in ecology and geomorphology. To make fundamental progress in understanding the dynamics of many landscapes, our community needs to increasingly learn to look for two-way, biomorphodynamic feedbacks and to collect new types of data to support the modeling of such emergent interactions. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006410","issn":"00431","usgsCitation":"Murray, A., Knaapen, M., Tal, M., and Kirwan, M.L., 2008, Biomorphodynamics: Physical-biological feedbacks that shape landscapes: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006410.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487782,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213260,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006410"},{"id":240867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f192e4b0c8380cd4acef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, A.B.","contributorId":12598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knaapen, M.A.F.","contributorId":95692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knaapen","given":"M.A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tal, M.","contributorId":19374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tal","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirwan, M. L.","contributorId":74094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033413,"text":"70033413 - 2008 - A study of methods to estimate debris flow velocity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033413","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A study of methods to estimate debris flow velocity","docAbstract":"Debris flow velocities are commonly back-calculated from superelevation events which require subjective estimates of radii of curvature of bends in the debris flow channel or predicted using flow equations that require the selection of appropriate rheological models and material property inputs. This research investigated difficulties associated with the use of these conventional velocity estimation methods. Radii of curvature estimates were found to vary with the extent of the channel investigated and with the scale of the media used, and back-calculated velocities varied among different investigated locations along a channel. Distinct populations of Bingham properties were found to exist between those measured by laboratory tests and those back-calculated from field data; thus, laboratory-obtained values would not be representative of field-scale debris flow behavior. To avoid these difficulties with conventional methods, a new preliminary velocity estimation method is presented that statistically relates flow velocity to the channel slope and the flow depth. This method presents ranges of reasonable velocity predictions based on 30 previously measured velocities. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10346-008-0137-0","issn":"16125","usgsCitation":"Prochaska, A., Santi, P., Higgins, J., and Cannon, S., 2008, A study of methods to estimate debris flow velocity: Landslides, v. 5, no. 4, p. 431-444, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-008-0137-0.","startPage":"431","endPage":"444","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213258,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-008-0137-0"},{"id":240865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5bfe4b0c8380cd46f57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prochaska, A.B.","contributorId":80493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prochaska","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santi, P.M.","contributorId":82927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santi","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higgins, J.D.","contributorId":37154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033411,"text":"70033411 - 2008 - Low-Level detections of halogenated volatile organic compounds in groundwater: Use in vulnerability assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:02:57","indexId":"70033411","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-Level detections of halogenated volatile organic compounds in groundwater: Use in vulnerability assessments","docAbstract":"Concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were determined by gas chromatography (GC) with an electron-capture detector (GC-ECD) and by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in 109 groundwater samples from five study areas in the United States. In each case, the untreated water sample was used for drinking-water purposes or was from a monitoring well in an area near a drinking-water source. The minimum detection levels (MDLs) for 25 VOCs that were identified in GC-ECD chromatograms, typically, were two to more than four orders of magnitude below the GC-MS MDLs. At least six halogenated VOCs were detected in all of the water samples analyzed by GC-ECD, although one or more VOCs were detected in only 43% of the water samples analyzed by GC-MS. In nearly all of the samples, VOC concentrations were very low and presented no known health risk. Most of the low-level VOC detections indicated post-1940s recharge, or mixtures of recharge that contained a fraction of post-1940s water. Concentrations of selected halogenated VOCs in groundwater from natural and anthropogenic atmospheric sources were estimated and used to recognize water samples that are being impacted by nonatmospheric sources. A classification is presented to perform vulnerability assessments at the scale of individual wells using the number of halogenated VOC detections and total dissolved VOC concentrations in samples of untreated drinking water. The low-level VOC detections are useful in vulnerability assessments, particularly for samples in which no VOCs are detected by GC-MS analysis.
Pesticide transport through the unsaturated zone is a function of chemical and soil characteristics, application, and water recharge rate. The fate and transport of 82 pesticides and degradates were investigated at five different agricultural sites. Atrazine and metolachlor, as well as several of the degradates of atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, and alachlor, were frequently detected in soil water during the 2004 growing season, and degradates were generally more abundant than parent compounds. Metolachlor and atrazine were applied at a Nebraska site the same year as sampling, and focused recharge coupled with the short time since application resulted in their movement in the unsaturated zone 9 m below the surface. At other sites where the herbicides were applied 1 to 2 yr before sampling, only degradates were found in soil water. Transformations of herbicides were evident with depth and during the 4-mo sampling time and reflected the faster degradation of metolachlor oxanilic acid and persistence of metolachor ethanesulfonic acid. The fraction of metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid relative to metolachlor and metolachlor oxanilic acid increased from 0.3 to > 0.9 at a site in Maryland where the unsaturated zone was 5 m deep and from 0.3 to 0.5 at the shallowest depth. The flux of pesticide degradates from the deepest sites to the shallow ground water was greatest (3.0–4.9 μmol m−2 yr−1) where upland recharge or focused flow moved the most water through the unsaturated zone. Flux estimates based on estimated recharge rates and measured concentrations were in agreement with fluxes estimated using an unsaturated-zone computer model (LEACHM).
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R.","contributorId":21639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webb, R.M.T.","contributorId":99369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bayless, E.R.","contributorId":67639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barbash, J.E.","contributorId":62783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033399,"text":"70033399 - 2008 - Eddy correlation measurements of submarine groundwater discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T21:26:13","indexId":"70033399","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eddy correlation measurements of submarine groundwater discharge","docAbstract":"This paper presents a new, non-invasive means of quantifying groundwater discharge into marine waters using an eddy correlation approach. The method takes advantage of the fact that, in virtually all aquatic environments, the dominant mode of vertical transport near the sediment–water interface is turbulent mixing. The technique thus relies on measuring simultaneously the fluctuating vertical velocity using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter and the fluctuating salinity and/or temperature using rapid-response conductivity and/or temperature sensors. The measurements are typically done at a height of 5–15 cm above the sediment surface, at a frequency of 16 to 64 Hz, and for a period of 15 to 60 min. If the groundwater salinity and/or temperature differ from that of the water column, the groundwater specific discharge (cm d− 1) can be quantified from either a heat or salt balance. Groundwater discharge was estimated with this new approach in Salt Pond, a small estuary on Cape Cod (MA, USA). Estimates agreed well with previous estimates of discharge measured using seepage meters and 222Rn as a tracer. The eddy correlation technique has several desirable characteristics: 1) discharge is quantified under in-situ hydrodynamic conditions; 2) salinity and temperature can serve as two semi-independent tracers of discharge; 3) discharge can be quantified at high temporal resolution, and 4) long-term records of discharge may be possible, due to the low power requirements of the instrumentation.
Airborne surveillance of gas emissions from Augustine for SO2, CO2 and H2S showed no evidence of anomalous degassing from 1990 through May 2005. By December 20, 2005, Augustine was degassing 660 td−1 of SO2, and ten times that by January 4, 2006. The highest SO2 emission rate measured during the 2006 eruption was 8650 td−1 (March 1); for CO2, 13000 td−1 (March 9), and H2S, 8 td−1 (January 19). Thirty‐four SO2measurements were made from December 2005 through 2006, with 9 each for CO2 and H2S. Augustine released 1 × 106 tonnes of CO2 to the atmosphere during 2006, a level similar to the output of a medium‐sized natural gas‐fired power plant, and thus was not a significant contributor of greenhouse gas to the atmosphere compared to anthropogenic sources. Augustine released about 5 × 105 tonnes of SO2 during 2006, similar to that released in 1976 and 1986.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2007GL032301","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"McGee, K., Doukas, M., McGimsey, R.G., Neal, C., and Wessels, R., 2008, Atmospheric contribution of gas emissions from Augustine volcano, Alaska during the 2006 eruption: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 3, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032301.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl032301","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Augustine volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.58131408691406,\n 59.3167251017617\n ],\n [\n -153.3313751220703,\n 59.3167251017617\n ],\n [\n -153.3313751220703,\n 59.41993301322722\n ],\n [\n -153.58131408691406,\n 59.41993301322722\n ],\n [\n -153.58131408691406,\n 59.3167251017617\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eebfe4b0c8380cd49f0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, K.A.","contributorId":6059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doukas, M.P.","contributorId":28615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGimsey, R. G.","contributorId":93921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neal, C.A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":91122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wessels, R.L.","contributorId":108281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessels","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033396,"text":"70033396 - 2008 - A second look at western Sinai seif dunes and their lateral migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033396","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A second look at western Sinai seif dunes and their lateral migration","docAbstract":"Tsoar et al. [Tsoar, H., Blumberg, D.G., Stoler, Y., 2004. Elongation and migration of sand dunes. Geomorphology 57, 293-302.] reported that seif dunes in the western Sinai Desert did not migrate laterally between 1973 and 1999. If the planform sinuosities of the dunes are removed by filtering, spatial averaging, or linear regression, however, it is evident that the dunes did, in fact, migrate laterally roughly 13??m during this 26-year period. The measured migration distance is 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than the rms co-registration error Tsoar et al. determined for the first and last air photos that were used to map the dunes. The western Sinai dunes provide another example demonstrating that linear dunes can migrate laterally, and they illustrate some of the difficulties in documenting systematic lateral motion. Lateral migration of a dune can be important geologically or geomorphologically, even where migration is too slow to detect from repeated topographic surveys. This article explains the wind conditions for the lateral migration of seif dunes in western Sinai and the possible wind occurrences that would not lead to such a migration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.004","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., Tsoar, H., and Blumberg, D., 2008, A second look at western Sinai seif dunes and their lateral migration: Geomorphology, v. 93, no. 3-4, p. 335-342, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.004.","startPage":"335","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213167,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.004"},{"id":240765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e57de4b0c8380cd46d7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, D. M.","contributorId":103689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsoar, H.","contributorId":33130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsoar","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blumberg, D.G.","contributorId":15837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumberg","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033395,"text":"70033395 - 2008 - Reply to comment by J. Szilagyi on \"Comparison of 15 evaporation methods applied to a small mountain lake in the northeastern USA\" [J. Hydrol. 340 (3-4) (2007) 149-166]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033395","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to comment by J. Szilagyi on \"Comparison of 15 evaporation methods applied to a small mountain lake in the northeastern USA\" [J. Hydrol. 340 (3-4) (2007) 149-166]","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.050","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D., Winter, T.C., Buso, D., and Likens, G., 2008, Reply to comment by J. Szilagyi on \"Comparison of 15 evaporation methods applied to a small mountain lake in the northeastern USA\" [J. Hydrol. 340 (3-4) (2007) 149-166]: Journal of Hydrology, v. 348, no. 3-4, p. 566-567, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.050.","startPage":"566","endPage":"567","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213166,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.050"},{"id":240764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"348","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa767e4b0c8380cd853d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":440693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buso, D.C.","contributorId":31392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buso","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Likens, G.E.","contributorId":68893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033394,"text":"70033394 - 2008 - Distribution of icy particles across Enceladus' surface as derived from Cassini-VIMS measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033394","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of icy particles across Enceladus' surface as derived from Cassini-VIMS measurements","docAbstract":"The surface of Enceladus consists almost completely of water ice. As the band depths of water ice absorptions are sensitive to the size of particles, absorptions can be used to map variations of icy particles across the surface. The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observed Enceladus with a high spatial resolution during three Cassini flybys in 2005 (orbits EN 003, EN 004 and EN 011). Based on these data we measured the band depths of water ice absorptions at 1.04, 1.25, 1.5, and 2 ??m. These band depths were compared to water ice models that represent theoretically calculated reflectance spectra for a range of particle diameters between 2 ??m and 1 mm. The agreement between the experimental (VIMS) and model values supports the assumption that pure water ice characterizes the surface of Enceladus and therefore that variations in band depth correspond to variations in water ice particle diameters. Our measurements show that the particle diameter of water ice increases toward younger tectonically altered surface units with the largest particles exposed in relatively \"fresh\" surface material. The smallest particles were generally found in old densely cratered terrains. The largest particles (???0.2 mm) are concentrated in the so called \"tiger stripes\" at the south pole. In general, the particle diameters are strongly correlated with geologic features and surface ages, indicating a stratigraphic evolution of the surface that is caused by cryovolcanic resurfacing and impact gardening. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.013","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Jaumann, R., Stephan, K., Hansen, G.B., Clark, R.N., Buratti, B.J., Brown, R.H., Baines, K.H., Newman, S., Bellucci, G., Filacchione, G., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D.P., Griffith, C., Hibbitts, C.A., McCord, T.B., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sotin, C., and Wagner, R., 2008, Distribution of icy particles across Enceladus' surface as derived from Cassini-VIMS measurements: Icarus, v. 193, no. 2, p. 407-419, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.013.","startPage":"407","endPage":"419","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487781,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-00499083","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213165,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.013"},{"id":240763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"193","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02dae4b0c8380cd5021a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephan, K.","contributorId":8976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, G. B.","contributorId":98478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Newman, S.F.","contributorId":35551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Griffith, C.A.","contributorId":10141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hibbitts, C. A.","contributorId":21703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hibbitts","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wagner, R.","contributorId":88859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70033388,"text":"70033388 - 2008 - Distribution of tsunami interevent times","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70033388","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of tsunami interevent times","docAbstract":"The distribution of tsunami interevent times is analyzed using global and site-specific (Hilo, Hawaii) tsunami catalogs. An empirical probability density distribution is determined by binning the observed interevent times during a period in which the observation rate is approximately constant. The empirical distributions for both catalogs exhibit non-Poissonian behavior in which there is an abundance of short interevent times compared to an exponential distribution. Two types of statistical distributions are used to model this clustering behavior: (1) long-term clustering described by a universal scaling law, and (2) Omori law decay of aftershocks and triggered sources. The empirical and theoretical distributions all imply an increased hazard rate after a tsunami, followed by a gradual decrease with time approaching a constant hazard rate. Examination of tsunami sources suggests that many of the short interevent times are caused by triggered earthquakes, though the triggered events are not necessarily on the same fault.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007GL032690","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Geist, E., and Parsons, T., 2008, Distribution of tsunami interevent times: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032690.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476807,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl032690","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213569,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032690"},{"id":241206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a030de4b0c8380cd5030d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033385,"text":"70033385 - 2008 - Mercury and drought along the lower Carson River, Nevada: II. Snowy egret and black-crowned night-heron reproduction on Lahontan Reservoir, 1997-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T15:10:09","indexId":"70033385","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury and drought along the lower Carson River, Nevada: II. Snowy egret and black-crowned night-heron reproduction on Lahontan Reservoir, 1997-2006","docAbstract":"Mercury concentrations in the floodplain of the Carson River Basin in northwestern Nevada are some of the highest ever reported in a natural system. Thus, a portion of the basin including Lahontan Reservoir was placed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Natural Priorities List for research and cleanup. Preliminary studies indicated that reproduction in piscivorous birds may be at risk. Therefore, a 10-year study (1997–2006) was conducted to evaluate reproduction of snowy egrets (Egretta thula) and black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) nesting on Gull Island in Lahontan Reservoir. Special attention was given to the annual flow of the Carson River, the resultant fluctuation of this irrigation reservoir, and the annual exposure of snowy egrets and night-herons to methylmercury (MeHg). The dynamic character of the river due to flooding and drought (drought effect) influenced snowy egret and night-heron reproduction more so than did MeHg contamination of eggs. During an extended drought (2000–2004) in the middle of the study, snowy egret nests containing eggs with concentrations of MeHg (measured as total mercury [THg] ∼ 100% MeHg) ≥0.80 μg THg/g, ww, all failed, but in 1997 and 2006 (wet years with general flooding), substantial numbers of young were produced (but fewer than at nests where eggs contained <0.80 μg/g). Thus, a variable reproductive threshold of tolerance to MeHg may be associated with habitat quality (food type and abundance). Clearly, drought was the most important factor affecting snowy egret annual productivity. In contrast to snowy egrets, night-herons generally had fewer nests meeting the 0.80 μg THg/g criterion, and those above the criterion were less sensitive to mercury than were snowy egrets. Furthermore, night-herons appeared more tolerant of drought conditions than snowy egrets because they nested earlier, selected more protected nesting sites, and had a more generalist diet that provided additional food options including terrestrial organisms, which also reduced exposure to MeHg. A putative biological effect threshold of 2.0 μg THg/g in whole blood for young of both species was evaluated, which was frequently exceeded, but with no evidence, while still in the colony, of an association with direct mortality. An evaluation of physiological associations with blood residues and post-fledging survival will be presented in future reports in this series.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-007-0180-y","issn":"09639292","usgsCitation":"Hill, E.F., Henry, C.J., and Grove, R.A., 2008, Mercury and drought along the lower Carson River, Nevada: II. Snowy egret and black-crowned night-heron reproduction on Lahontan Reservoir, 1997-2006: Ecotoxicology, v. 17, no. 2, p. 117-131, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-007-0180-y.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213568,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-007-0180-y"},{"id":241205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53d7e4b0c8380cd6cd52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Elwood F.","contributorId":27115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Elwood","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, Charles J.","contributorId":14574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033379,"text":"70033379 - 2008 - Population genetic structure in Atlantic and Pacific Ocean common murres (Uria aalge): Natural replicate tests of post-Pleistocene evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:16:04","indexId":"70033379","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population genetic structure in Atlantic and Pacific Ocean common murres (Uria aalge): Natural replicate tests of post-Pleistocene evolution","docAbstract":"Understanding the factors that influence population differentiation in temperate taxa can be difficult because the signatures of both historic and contemporary demographics are often reflected in population genetic patterns. Fortunately, analyses based on coalescent theory can help untangle the relative influence of these historic and contemporary factors. Common murres (Uria aalge) are vagile seabirds that breed in the boreal and low arctic waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Previous analyses revealed that Atlantic and Pacific populations are genetically distinct; however, less is known about population genetic structure within ocean basins. We employed the mitochondrial control region, four microsatellite loci and four intron loci to investigate population genetic structure throughout the range of common murres. As in previous studies, we found that Atlantic and Pacific populations diverged during the Pleistocene and do not currently exchange migrants. Therefore, Atlantic and Pacific murre populations can be used as natural replicates to test mechanisms of population differentiation. While we found little population genetic structure within the Pacific, we detected significant east-west structuring among Atlantic colonies. The degree that population genetic structure reflected contemporary population demographics also differed between ocean basins. Specifically, while the low levels of population differentiation in the Pacific are at least partially due to high levels of contemporary gene flow, the east-west structuring of populations within the Atlantic appears to be the result of historic fragmentation of populations rather than restricted contemporary gene flow. The contrasting results in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans highlight the necessity of carefully considering multilocus nonequilibrium population genetic approaches when reconstructing the demographic history of temperate Northern Hemisphere taxa. ?? 2008 The Authors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03977.x","issn":"09621","usgsCitation":"Morris-Pocock, J.A., Taylor, S., Birt, T., Damus, M., Piatt, J.F., Warheit, K., and Friesen, V.L., 2008, Population genetic structure in Atlantic and Pacific Ocean common murres (Uria aalge): Natural replicate tests of post-Pleistocene evolution: Molecular Ecology, v. 17, no. 22, p. 4859-4873, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03977.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4859","endPage":"4873","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d72e4b0c8380cd79f55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris-Pocock, J. A.","contributorId":61653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris-Pocock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, S.A.","contributorId":100200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Birt, T.P.","contributorId":82411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birt","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Damus, M.","contributorId":20987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damus","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warheit, K.I.","contributorId":100796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warheit","given":"K.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Friesen, Vicki L.","contributorId":59407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friesen","given":"Vicki","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033378,"text":"70033378 - 2008 - Natural gas geochemistry of sediments drilled on the 2005 Gulf of Mexico JIP cruise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033378","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural gas geochemistry of sediments drilled on the 2005 Gulf of Mexico JIP cruise","docAbstract":"In April and May 2005, cores were acquired and sub-sampled for gases in lease blocks Atwater Valley 13 and 14 and Keathley Canyon 151 during deep subseafloor drilling conducted as part of the JIP study of gas hydrates in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Sample types included sediment headspace gas, free gas derived from sediment gas exsolution, and gas exsolution from controlled degassing of pressurized cores. The gases measured both onboard and in shore-based labs were nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and the hydrocarbons methane through hexane. The presence of seafloor mounds, seismic anomalies, a shallow sulfate-methane interface, and similar gas compositions and isotopic compositions near the seafloor and at depth suggest an upward flux of methane at both sites. Sediment gases at the Atwater Valley sites, where seafloor mounds and adjacent sediments were cored, strongly suggest a microbial source of methane, with very little thermogenic gas input. Sediment gas from all cores contained from about 96 to 99.9% methane, with the balance composed primarily of carbon dioxide. Methane to ethane ratios were greater than 1000, and often over 10,000. Gases from cores at Keathley Canyon were similar to those at Atwater Valley, however, deeper cores from Keathley Canyon contained more ethane, propane, and butane suggesting mixing with minor concentrations thermogenic gas. The isotopic composition of methane, ethane, and carbon dioxide were measured, and ??13C values range from -84.3 to -71.5???, -65.2 to -46.8???, and -23.5 to -3.0???, respectively, all consistent with microbial gas sources, early diagenesis of organic matter and perhaps biodegradation of petroleum. The presence of deep microbial gas at these sites here and elsewhere highlights a potentially significant, predominantly microbial gas source in the northern Gulf of Mexico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.017","issn":"02648","usgsCitation":"Lorenson, T., Claypool, G., and Dougherty, J., 2008, Natural gas geochemistry of sediments drilled on the 2005 Gulf of Mexico JIP cruise: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 25, no. 9, p. 873-883, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.017.","startPage":"873","endPage":"883","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213541,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.017"}],"volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6301e4b0c8380cd72236","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":8475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dougherty, J.A.","contributorId":80496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dougherty","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}