{"pageNumber":"220","pageRowStart":"5475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10465,"records":[{"id":70035975,"text":"70035975 - 2009 - Method development for analysis of urban dust using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry to detect the possible presence of world trade center dust constituents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035975","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Method development for analysis of urban dust using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry to detect the possible presence of world trade center dust constituents","docAbstract":"The collapse of the World Trade Center Towers on September 11, 2001, sent dust and debris across much of Manhattan and in the surrounding areas. Indoor and outdoor dust samples were collected and characterized by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS). From this characterization, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and USGS developed a particulate screening method to determine the presence of residual World Trade Center dust in the indoor environment using slag wool as a primary \"signature\". The method describes a procedure that includes splitting, ashing, and sieving of collected dust. From one split, a 10 mg/mL dust/ isopropanol suspension was prepared and 10-30 ??L aliquots of the suspension placed on an SEM substrate. Analyses were performed using SEM/EDS manual point counting for slag wool fibers. Poisson regression was used to identify some of the sources of uncertainty, which are directly related to the small number of fibers present on each sample stub. Preliminary results indicate that the procedure is promising for screening urban background dust for the presence of WTC dust. Consistent sample preparation of reference materials and samples must be performed by each laboratory wishing to use this method to obtain meaningful and accurate results. ?? 2009 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es800865n","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bern, A., Lowers, H., Meeker, G., and Rosati, J., 2009, Method development for analysis of urban dust using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry to detect the possible presence of world trade center dust constituents: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 5, p. 1449-1454, https://doi.org/10.1021/es800865n.","startPage":"1449","endPage":"1454","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216206,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es800865n"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5547e4b0c8380cd6d197","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bern, A.M.","contributorId":92018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowers, H.A. 0000-0001-5360-9264","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":31843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"H.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosati, J.A.","contributorId":88579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosati","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037308,"text":"70037308 - 2009 - Overview of the magnetic properties experiments on the Mars Exploration Rovers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-27T10:42:09","indexId":"70037308","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overview of the magnetic properties experiments on the Mars Exploration Rovers","docAbstract":"The Mars Exploration Rovers have accumulated airborne dust on different types of permanent magnets. Images of these magnets document the dynamics of dust capture and removal over time. The strongly magnetic subset of airborne dust appears dark brown to black in Panoramic Camera (Pancam) images, while the weakly magnetic one is bright red. Images returned by the Microscopic Imager reveal the formation of magnetic chains diagnostic of magnetite‐rich grains with substantial magnetization (>8 Am2 kg−1). On the basis of Mössbauer spectra the dust contains magnetite, olivine, pyroxene, and nanophase oxides in varying proportions, depending on wind regime and landing site. The dust contains a larger amount of ferric iron (Fe3+/Fetot ∼ 0.6) than rocks in the Gusev plains (∼0.1–0.2) or average Gusev soil (∼0.3). Alpha Particle X‐Ray Spectrometer data of the dust show that some of the iron in magnetite is substituted by titanium and chromium. The good correlation of the amount of calcium and sulfur in the dust may be caused by the presence of a calcium sulfate related phase. The overall mineralogical composition points to a basaltic origin of the airborne dust, although some alteration has taken place as indicated by the large degree of oxidation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C. ","doi":"10.1029/2008JE003098","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Madsen, M., Goetz, W., Bertelsen, P., Binau, C., Folkmann, F., Gunnlaugsson, H., Hjollum, J., Hviid, S., Jensen, J., Kinch, K., Leer, K., Madsen, D., Merrison, J., Olsen, M., Arneson, H., Bell, J., Gellert, R., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, J.R., Johnson, M.J., Klingelhofer, G., McCartney, E., Ming, D.W., Morris, R., Proton, J., Rodionov, D., Sims, M., Squyres, S.W., Wdowiak, T., and Yen, A.S., 2009, Overview of the magnetic properties experiments on the Mars Exploration Rovers: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 114, no. E6, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003098.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/129771","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"114","issue":"E6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7247e4b0c8380cd769e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madsen, M.B.","contributorId":97291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goetz, W.","contributorId":104258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bertelsen, P.","contributorId":66459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertelsen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Binau, C.S.","contributorId":8738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binau","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Folkmann, F.","contributorId":83404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folkmann","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gunnlaugsson, H.P.","contributorId":30518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunnlaugsson","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hjollum, J.I.","contributorId":33184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hjollum","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hviid, S.F.","contributorId":49670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hviid","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jensen, J.","contributorId":25047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kinch, K.M.","contributorId":9041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinch","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Leer, K.","contributorId":69025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leer","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Madsen, D.E.","contributorId":24649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Merrison, J.","contributorId":15481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrison","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Olsen, M.","contributorId":51539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Arneson, H.M.","contributorId":86935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arneson","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Gellert, Ralf","contributorId":35049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gellert","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Johnson, M. J.","contributorId":52988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Klingelhofer, G.","contributorId":57195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klingelhofer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"McCartney, E.","contributorId":10585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCartney","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Ming, D. W.","contributorId":96811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Proton, J.B.","contributorId":85470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proton","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Rodionov, D.","contributorId":60824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodionov","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Sims, M.","contributorId":52695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Wdowiak, T.","contributorId":81287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wdowiak","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Yen, A. S.","contributorId":35860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30}]}}
,{"id":70037400,"text":"70037400 - 2009 - Rayleigh-wave mode separation by high-resolution linear radon transform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037400","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rayleigh-wave mode separation by high-resolution linear radon transform","docAbstract":"Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is an effective tool for obtaining vertical shear wave profiles from a single non-invasive measurement. One key step of the MASW method is generation of a dispersion image and extraction of a reliable dispersion curve from raw multichannel shot records. Because different Rayleigh-wave modes normally interfere with each other in the time and space domain, it is necessary to perform mode separation and reconstruction to increase the accuracy of phase velocities determined from a dispersion image. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of high-resolution linear Radon transform (LRT) as a means of separating and reconstructing multimode, dispersive Rayleigh-wave energy. We first introduce high-resolution LRT methods and Rayleigh-wave mode separation using high-resolution LRT. Next, we use synthetic data and a real-world example to demonstrate the effectiveness of Rayleigh-wave mode separation using high-resolution LRT. Our synthetic and real-world results demonstrate that (1) high-resolution LRT successfully separates and reconstructs multimode dispersive Rayleigh-wave energy with high resolution allowing the multimode energy to be more accurately determined. The horizontal resolution of the Rayleigh-wave method can be increased by extraction of dispersion curves from a pair of traces in the mode-separated shot gather and (2) multimode separation and reconstruction expand the usable frequency range of higher mode dispersive energy, which increases the depth of investigation and provides a means for accurately determining cut-off frequencies. ?? 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2009 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04277.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Miller, R., Xu, Y., Liu, J., and Liu, Q., 2009, Rayleigh-wave mode separation by high-resolution linear radon transform: Geophysical Journal International, v. 179, no. 1, p. 254-264, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04277.x.","startPage":"254","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217179,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04277.x"}],"volume":"179","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a955fe4b0c8380cd81994","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035886,"text":"70035886 - 2009 - El Chichón's \"surprise\" eruption in 1982: lessons for reducing volcano risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-25T10:35:46","indexId":"70035886","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1762,"text":"Geofisica Internacional","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"El Chichón's \"surprise\" eruption in 1982: lessons for reducing volcano risk","docAbstract":"During one week (28 March–4 April 1982), three powerful explosive eruptions (VEI 5) of El Chichón Volcano caused the worst volcanic disaster in Mexico's recorded history. Pyroclastic flows and surges obliterated nine villages, killing about 2,000 people, and ashfalls downwind posed socio–economic hardships for many thousands of inhabitants of the States of Chiapas and Tabasco. The unexpected and vigorous eruption of 28 caused a hasty, confused evacuation of most villagers in the area. Activity was greatly diminished the next five days, and then the most powerful and lethal eruptions occurred 3–4 April—tragically, after many evacuees were allowed by authorities to return home.
\nUnfortunately, the eruptions came as an almost total surprise for scientists and government authorities, effectively precluding opportunities to implement timely mitigative countermeasures. During the months before eruption onset, fumarolic activity increased and inhabitants living close to the volcano felt occasional earthquakes, prompting the Chiapas government to request help from the Federal government. Both the Chiapas and Federal governmental actions were slow, and the requested assistance came after the volcano erupted. Perhaps the most important lesson learned from the disastrous outcome at El Chichón is that its decreased activity (29 March–2 April) should not have been assumed by the senior scientist on site—and the military authorities acting on his advice—to signal the end of eruption. While the 1982 eruptions caused a national tragedy, they also fostered multidisciplinary studies of eruptive phenomena, not only at El Chichón but also other explosive volcanoes in the world.
","language":"English","publisher":"Instituto de Geofisica","issn":"00167169","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R., 2009, El Chichón's \"surprise\" eruption in 1982: lessons for reducing volcano risk: Geofisica Internacional, v. 48, no. 1, p. 3-19.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007377","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299118,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ref.scielo.org/bnj8jh"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"El Chicon volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.3013916015625,\n 17.291642764599693\n ],\n [\n -93.3013916015625,\n 17.3873371845615\n ],\n [\n -93.13247680664062,\n 17.3873371845615\n ],\n [\n -93.13247680664062,\n 17.291642764599693\n ],\n [\n -93.3013916015625,\n 17.291642764599693\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a087ce4b0c8380cd51b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, R.I. 0000-0003-4263-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":98311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"R.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035875,"text":"70035875 - 2009 - Broadband records of earthquakes in deep gold mines and a comparison with results from SAFOD, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T15:11:27","indexId":"70035875","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broadband records of earthquakes in deep gold mines and a comparison with results from SAFOD, California","docAbstract":"For one week during September 2007, we deployed a temporary network of field recorders and accelerometers at four sites within two deep, seismically active mines. The ground-motion data, recorded at 200 samples/sec, are well suited to determining source and ground-motion parameters for the mining-induced earthquakes within and adjacent to our network. Four earthquakes with magnitudes close to 2 were recorded with high signal/noise at all four sites. Analysis of seismic moments and peak velocities, in conjunction with the results of laboratory stick-slip friction experiments, were used to estimate source processes that are key to understanding source physics and to assessing underground seismic hazard. The maximum displacements on the rupture surfaces can be estimated from the parameter ![\"Embedded](\"http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ssabull/99/5/2815/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif\")
, where ![\"Embedded](\"http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ssabull/99/5/2815/embed/inline-graphic-2.gif\")
is the peak ground velocity at a given recording site, and R is the hypocentral distance. For each earthquake, the maximum slip and seismic moment can be combined with results from laboratory friction experiments to estimate the maximum slip rate within the rupture zone. Analysis of the four M 2 earthquakes recorded during our deployment and one of special interest recorded by the in-mine seismic network in 2004 revealed maximum slips ranging from 4 to 27 mm and maximum slip rates from 1.1 to 6.3 m/sec. Applying the same analyses to an M 2.1 earthquake within a cluster of repeating earthquakes near the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth site, California, yielded similar results for maximum slip and slip rate, 14 mm and 4.0 m/sec.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120080336","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A.F., Boettcher, M., Fletcher, J.P., Sell, R., Johnston, M.J., Durrheim, R., Spottiswoode, S., and Milev, A., 2009, Broadband records of earthquakes in deep gold mines and a comparison with results from SAFOD, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 5, p. 2815-2824, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080336.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2815","endPage":"2824","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-010470","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476379,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.583.3861","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216496,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080336"},{"id":244370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f286e4b0c8380cd4b218","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Arthur F. 0000-0001-9769-4093 mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":3178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boettcher, M.","contributorId":28828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boettcher","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sell, Russell rwsell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sell","given":"Russell","email":"rwsell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":452861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnston, Malcolm J. S. 0000-0003-4326-8368 mal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Malcolm","email":"mal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":452865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Durrheim, R.","contributorId":93304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durrheim","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spottiswoode, S.","contributorId":30366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spottiswoode","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Milev, A.","contributorId":82945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milev","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037405,"text":"70037405 - 2009 - Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T11:12:20","indexId":"70037405","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah","docAbstract":"Effective remediation requires an understanding of the relative contributions of metals from all sources in a catchment, and that understanding must be based on a spatially detailed quantification of metal loading. A traditional approach to quantifying metal loading has been to measure discharge and chemistry at a catchment outlet. This approach can quantify annual loading and the temporal changes in load, but does not provide the needed spatial detail to evaluate specific sources, which is needed to support remediation decisions. A catchment or mass-loading approach provides spatial detail by combining tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling methods to quantify loading. Examples of studies in American Fork, Utah, and its tributary Mary Ellen Gulch illustrate this different approach. The mass-loading study in American Fork treated Mary Ellen Gulch as a single inflow. From that point of view, Mary Ellen Gulch was one of the greatest sources of Fe, Mn, Zn, and colloidal Pb loads to American Fork. But when Mary Ellen Gulch was evaluated in a separate catchment study, the detailed locations of metal loading were identified, and the extent of metal attenuation upstream from the mouth of Mary Ellen Gulch was quantified. The net, instantaneous load measured at the mouth of Mary Ellen Gulch for remediation planning would greatly underestimate the contributions of principal sources within the catchment. Extending the detailed sampling downstream from Mary Ellen Gulch indicated the possibility of diffuse groundwater inflow from Mary Ellen Gulch to American Fork. Comparing loads for Mary Ellen Gulch in the two studies indicates that metal loads could be substantially underestimated for planning purposes without the detailed catchment approach for the low-flow conditions in these studies. A mass-loading approach provides both the needed quantification of metal loading and the spatial detail to guide remediation decisions that would be the most effective in the catchments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R., 2009, Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 28, no. 4, p. 274-290, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"290","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217180,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5"},{"id":245102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94c4e4b08c986b31ac36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035791,"text":"70035791 - 2009 - Climate, lightning ignitions, and fire severity in Yosemite National Park, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035791","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate, lightning ignitions, and fire severity in Yosemite National Park, California, USA","docAbstract":"Continental-scale studies of western North America have attributed recent increases in annual area burned and fire size to a warming climate, but these studies have focussed on large fires and have left the issues of fire severity and ignition frequency unaddressed. Lightning ignitions, any of which could burn a large area given appropriate conditions for fire spread, could be the first indication of more frequent fire. We examined the relationship between snowpack and the ignition and size of fires that occurred in Yosemite National Park, California (area 3027 km2), between 1984 and 2005. During this period, 1870 fires burned 77 718 ha. Decreased spring snowpack exponentially increased the number of lightning-ignited fires. Snowpack mediated lightning-ignited fires by decreasing the proportion of lightning strikes that caused lightning-ignited fires and through fewer lightning strikes in years with deep snowpack. We also quantified fire severity for the 103 fires >40 ha with satellite fire-severity indices using 23 years of Landsat Thematic Mapper data. The proportion of the landscape that burned at higher severities and the complexity of higher-severity burn patches increased with the log10 of annual area burned. Using one snowpack forecast, we project that the number of lightning-ignited fires will increase 19.1% by 2020 to 2049 and the annual area burned at high severity will increase 21.9%. Climate-induced decreases in snowpack and the concomitant increase in fire severity suggest that existing assumptions may be understated-fires may become more frequent and more severe. ?? IAWF 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF08117","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Lutz, J., van Wagtendonk, J., Thode, A.E., Miller, J., and Franklin, J., 2009, Climate, lightning ignitions, and fire severity in Yosemite National Park, California, USA: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 18, no. 7, p. 765-774, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF08117.","startPage":"765","endPage":"774","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216139,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF08117"},{"id":243987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f658e4b0c8380cd4c6e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lutz, J.A.","contributorId":71792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thode, A. E.","contributorId":75870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thode","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, J.D.","contributorId":43431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Franklin, J.F.","contributorId":56583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035790,"text":"70035790 - 2009 - Estimation of the tectonic slip-rate from Quaternary lacustrine facies within the intraplate Albacete province (SE of Spain)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035790","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of the tectonic slip-rate from Quaternary lacustrine facies within the intraplate Albacete province (SE of Spain)","docAbstract":"The Quaternary lacustrine basin of Cordovilla (CB) represents one of the most active tectonic areas of the Prebetic Zone (Albacete, SE of Spain). The Quaternary sedimentary deposits of this basin are mainly endoreic lacustrine carbonate and alluvial deposits, developed in a semi-arid climate (Pleistocene-present). The basin is a NW-SE-elongated graben bounded by a major right-lateral oblique-fault, the Pozohondo Fault. This fault trends NW-SE, with an approximate trace of 55 km, and is composed of various segments which are identified by fault scarps. In order to establish the slip-rate of the most active segment of the Pozohondo Fault, called the Cordovilla segment, we carried out a detailed study of the affected Quaternary lacustrine deposits. We found that the lacustrine facies could be related to episodic moderate paleoearthquakes. The slip-rate is calculated to be 0.05 and 0.09 mm/yr, using radiometric dating for the vertical offsets of the lacustrine facies. A trenching study at the northern part of the Cordovilla segment revealed two events caused by paleoearthquakes, with the most recent expressed as an oblique-fault off-setting a poorly-developed soil. The magnitude of the last event was greater than 6, using various empirical relationships for the fault displacement and the surface-length rupture. We estimate episodic activity across the Cordovilla segment, to be characterized by moderate-sized paleoearthquakes (M6), which is in agreement with the tectonic context of an intraplate zone of the Iberian plate. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.06.007","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez-Pascua, M., Bischoff, J., Garduno-Monroy, V.H., Perez-Lopez, R., Giner-Robles, J.L., Israde-Alcántara, I., Calvo, J.P., and Williams, R.W., 2009, Estimation of the tectonic slip-rate from Quaternary lacustrine facies within the intraplate Albacete province (SE of Spain): Sedimentary Geology, v. 222, no. 1-2, p. 89-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.06.007.","startPage":"89","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476168,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/58803/1/1584.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216138,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.06.007"},{"id":243986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"222","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bbae4b0c8380cd52853","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez-Pascua, M. A.","contributorId":67325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Pascua","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, J.","contributorId":32730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garduno-Monroy, Victor H.","contributorId":10962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garduno-Monroy","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perez-Lopez, R.","contributorId":40039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez-Lopez","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Giner-Robles, J. L.","contributorId":22602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giner-Robles","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Israde-Alcántara, I.","contributorId":60422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Israde-Alcántara","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Calvo, J. P.","contributorId":24136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Williams, Ross W.","contributorId":33062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035768,"text":"70035768 - 2009 - Taphonomic and zooarchaeological implications of spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta) bone accumulations in kenya: A modern behavioral ecological approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035768","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taphonomic and zooarchaeological implications of spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta) bone accumulations in kenya: A modern behavioral ecological approach","docAbstract":"The significant impact of extant carnivores, particularly spotted hyenas, on the depo-sitional history and physical characteristics of archaeofaunal and paleontological assemblages is well recognized. We focus on the behavioral ecology of extant spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in relation to bone accumulations produced by one East African clan at communal dens. Limbs and skulls of prey animals more frequently appear at dens than do other carcass portions. These items reflect the relative abundance of prey species near dens; carnivore remains are poorly represented. Comparative analysis reveals that bones are deposited far more slowly (<7 carcass portions per month) and accumulations tend to be smaller at Crocuta dens than at dens of either brown (Para-hyaena brunnea) or striped (Hyaena hyaena) hyenas. We propose that extant Crocuta bone accumu-lation rates and sizes are likely affected by prey species abundance, clan size, social interactions within the clan, and the type and availability of den sites. We also suggest that the potential for intraspecific behavioral variability in bone accumulation patterns is important when comparisons are made among spotted hyena populations and across hyena species. For example, accumulation patterns may be dramatically influenced by the temporal span, potentially ranging from days to hundreds or thousands of years, in which bones are collected, depending on the species-specific history of occupation at a given site. Understanding the behavioral and ecological variability likely to influence bone accumulation patterns at dens used by different hyaenids will allow taphonomists and zooarchaeologists to refine their knowledge of mechanisms underlying site formation pro-cesses and potential causes of variability in deeper-time den assemblages. ?? 2009 The Paleontological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1666/08009.1","issn":"00948373","usgsCitation":"Lansing, S., Cooper, S., Boydston, E., and Holekamp, K., 2009, Taphonomic and zooarchaeological implications of spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta) bone accumulations in kenya: A modern behavioral ecological approach: Paleobiology, v. 35, no. 2, p. 289-309, https://doi.org/10.1666/08009.1.","startPage":"289","endPage":"309","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216281,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/08009.1"},{"id":244144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3dce4b08c986b31ff37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lansing, S.W.","contributorId":44006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lansing","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, S.M.","contributorId":11576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boydston, E. E.","contributorId":106045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boydston","given":"E. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holekamp, K.E.","contributorId":34077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holekamp","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035763,"text":"70035763 - 2009 - Using \"big data\" to optimally model hydrology and water quality across expansive regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035763","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using \"big data\" to optimally model hydrology and water quality across expansive regions","docAbstract":"This paper describes a new divide and conquer approach that leverages big environmental data, utilizing all available categorical and time-series data without subjectivity, to empirically model hydrologic and water-quality behaviors across expansive regions. The approach decomposes large, intractable problems into smaller ones that are optimally solved; decomposes complex signals into behavioral components that are easier to model with \"sub- models\"; and employs a sequence of numerically optimizing algorithms that include time-series clustering, nonlinear, multivariate sensitivity analysis and predictive modeling using multi-layer perceptron artificial neural networks, and classification for selecting the best sub-models to make predictions at new sites. This approach has many advantages over traditional modeling approaches, including being faster and less expensive, more comprehensive in its use of available data, and more accurate in representing a system's physical processes. This paper describes the application of the approach to model groundwater levels in Florida, stream temperatures across Western Oregon and Wisconsin, and water depths in the Florida Everglades. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceDate":"17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009","conferenceLocation":"Kansas City, MO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41036(342)653","isbn":"9780784410363","usgsCitation":"Roehl, E., Cook, J., and Conrads, P., 2009, Using \"big data\" to optimally model hydrology and water quality across expansive regions, in Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers, v. 342, Kansas City, MO, 17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009, p. 6446-6460, https://doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)653.","startPage":"6446","endPage":"6460","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216194,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)653"},{"id":244048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc009e4b08c986b329eb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roehl, E.A. Jr.","contributorId":21370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roehl","given":"E.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, J.B.","contributorId":35978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrads, P.A.","contributorId":57493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037435,"text":"70037435 - 2009 - Patterns of forest succession and impacts of flood in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037435","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1452,"text":"Ecological Complexity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of forest succession and impacts of flood in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem","docAbstract":"The widespread loss of oak-hickory forests and the impacts of flood have been major issues of ecological interest concerning forest succession in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) floodplain. The data analysis from two comprehensive field surveys indicated that Quercus was one of the dominant genera in the UMR floodplain ecosystem prior to the 1993 flood and constituted 14% of the total number of trees and 28% of the total basal area. During the post-flood recovery period through 2006, Quercus demonstrated slower recovery rates in both the number of trees (4%) and basal area (17%). In the same period, Carya recovered greatly from the 1993 flood in terms of the number of trees (11%) and basal area (2%), compared to its minor status before the flood. Further analyses suggested that different species responded to the 1993 flood with varying tolerance and different succession strategies. In this study, the relation of flood-caused mortality rates and DBH, fm(d), can be expressed in negative exponential functions for each species. The results of this research also indicate that the growth functions are different for each species and might also be different between pre- and post-flood time periods. These functions indicate different survival strategies and emergent properties in responding to flood impacts. This research enhances our understanding of forest succession patterns in space and time in the UPR floodplain. And such understanding might be used to predict long-term impacts of floods on UMR floodplain forest dynamics in support of management and restoration. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Complexity","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.08.004","issn":"1476945X","usgsCitation":"Yin, Y., Wu, Y., Bartell, S., and Cosgriff, R., 2009, Patterns of forest succession and impacts of flood in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem: Ecological Complexity, v. 6, no. 4, p. 463-472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.08.004.","startPage":"463","endPage":"472","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217299,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.08.004"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75d1e4b0c8380cd77d6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yin, Y.","contributorId":106228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, Y.","contributorId":79312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartell, S.M.","contributorId":16247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartell","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cosgriff, R.","contributorId":79769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosgriff","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035693,"text":"70035693 - 2009 - Murres, capelin and ocean climate: Inter-annual associations across a decadal shift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:15:51","indexId":"70035693","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Murres, capelin and ocean climate: Inter-annual associations across a decadal shift","docAbstract":"To ensure energy demands for reproduction are met, it is essential that marine birds breed during periods of peak food availability. We examined associations of the breeding chronology of common murres (Uria aalge) with the timing of the inshore arrival of their primary prey, capelin (Mallotus villosus) from 1980 to 2006 across a period of pervasive change in the Northwest Atlantic ecosystem. We also assessed the influence of ocean temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO; an index of winter climate and oceanography) on these interactions. We found a lagged linear relationship between variations in murre breeding chronology and the timing of capelin arrival in the previous year. On a decadal level, we found a non-linear threshold relationship between ocean temperature and the timing of capelin arrival and murre breeding. Centennially anomalous cold water temperatures in 1991 generated a marked shift in the timing of capelin spawning inshore and murre breeding, delaying both by more than 2 weeks. By the mid-1990s, ocean temperatures returned to pre-perturbation levels, whereas the temporal breeding responses of capelin and murres were delayed for a decade or more. Oceanographic conditions (temperature, NAO) were poor predictors of the timing of capelin arrival inshore in the current year compared to the previous one. Our findings suggest that knowledge of the timing of capelin availability in the previous year provides a robust cue for the long-lived murres, allowing them to achieve temporal overlap between breeding and peak capelin availability. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-008-0484-2","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Regular, P., Shuhood, F., Power, T., Montevecchi, W., Robertson, G., Ballam, D., Piatt, J.F., and Nakashima, B., 2009, Murres, capelin and ocean climate: Inter-annual associations across a decadal shift: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 156, no. 1-4, p. 293-302, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0484-2.","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0484-2"}],"volume":"156","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60d8e4b0c8380cd716e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Regular, P.M.","contributorId":64478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regular","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shuhood, F.","contributorId":14217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuhood","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, T.","contributorId":64059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Montevecchi, W.A.","contributorId":62052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montevecchi","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robertson, G.J.","contributorId":105939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballam, D.","contributorId":19400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballam","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nakashima, B.","contributorId":96507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakashima","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035692,"text":"70035692 - 2009 - Retrospective characterization of ontogenetic shifts in killer whale diets via δ13C and δ15N analysis of teeth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T17:56:46","indexId":"70035692","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Retrospective characterization of ontogenetic shifts in killer whale diets via δ13C and δ15N analysis of teeth","title":"Retrospective characterization of ontogenetic shifts in killer whale diets via δ13C and δ15N analysis of teeth","docAbstract":"Metabolically inert, accretionary structures such as the dentin growth layers in teeth provide a life history record of individual diet with near-annual resolution. We constructed ontogenetic δ13C and δ15N profiles by analyzing tooth dentin growth layers from 13 individual killer whales Orcinus orca collected in the eastern northeast Pacific Ocean between 1961 and 2003. The individuals sampled were 6 to 52 yr old, representing 2 ecotypes—resident and transient—collected across ~25° of latitude. The average isotopic values of transient individuals (n = 10) are consistent with a reliance on mammalian prey, while the average isotopic values of residents (n = 3) are consistent with piscivory. Regardless of ecotype, most individuals show a decrease in δ15N values of ~2.5‰ through the first 3 yr of life, roughly equivalent to a decrease of one trophic level. We interpret this as evidence of gradual weaning, after which, ontogenetic shifts in isotopic values are highly variable. A few individuals (n = 2) maintained relatively stable δ15N and δ13C values throughout the remainder of their lives, whereas δ15N values of most (n = 11) increased by ~1.5‰, suggestive of an ontogenetic increase in trophic level. Significant differences in mean δ13C and δ15N values among transients collected off California suggest that individuality in prey preferences may be prevalent within this ecotype. Our approach provides retrospective individual life history and dietary information that cannot be obtained through traditional field observations of free-ranging and elusive species such as killer whales, including unique historic ecological information that pre-dates modern studies. By providing insights into individual diet composition, stable isotope analysis of teeth and/or bones may be the only means of evaluating a number of hypothesized historical dietary shifts in killer whales of the northeast Pacific Ocean
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps07747","usgsCitation":"Newsome, S.D., Etnier, M.A., Monson, D., and Fogel, M.L., 2009, Retrospective characterization of ontogenetic shifts in killer whale diets via δ13C and δ15N analysis of teeth: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 374, p. 229-242, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07747.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"242","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476420,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07747","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"374","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac24e4b0c8380cd86b9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newsome, Seth D.","contributorId":81640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newsome","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":451921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Etnier, Michael A.","contributorId":66072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Etnier","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":451919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fogel, Marilyn L.","contributorId":99699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogel","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035662,"text":"70035662 - 2009 - Volcanic hazards to airports","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-16T10:22:10","indexId":"70035662","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic hazards to airports","docAbstract":"Volcanic activity has caused significant hazards to numerous airports worldwide, with local to far-ranging effects on travelers and commerce. Analysis of a new compilation of incidents of airports impacted by volcanic activity from 1944 through 2006 reveals that, at a minimum, 101 airports in 28 countries were affected on 171 occasions by eruptions at 46 volcanoes. Since 1980, five airports per year on average have been affected by volcanic activity, which indicates that volcanic hazards to airports are not rare on a worldwide basis. The main hazard to airports is ashfall, with accumulations of only a few millimeters sufficient to force temporary closures of some airports. A substantial portion of incidents has been caused by ash in airspace in the vicinity of airports, without accumulation of ash on the ground. On a few occasions, airports have been impacted by hazards other than ash (pyroclastic flow, lava flow, gas emission, and phreatic explosion). Several airports have been affected repeatedly by volcanic hazards. Four airports have been affected the most often and likely will continue to be among the most vulnerable owing to continued nearby volcanic activity: Fontanarossa International Airport in Catania, Italy; Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport in Alaska, USA; Mariscal Sucre International Airport in Quito, Ecuador; and Tokua Airport in Kokopo, Papua New Guinea. The USA has the most airports affected by volcanic activity (17) on the most occasions (33) and hosts the second highest number of volcanoes that have caused the disruptions (5, after Indonesia with 7). One-fifth of the affected airports are within 30 km of the source volcanoes, approximately half are located within 150 km of the source volcanoes, and about three-quarters are within 300 km; nearly one-fifth are located more than 500 km away from the source volcanoes. The volcanoes that have caused the most impacts are Soufriere Hills on the island of Montserrat in the British West Indies, Tungurahua in Ecuador, Mt. Etna in Italy, Rabaul caldera in Papua New Guinea, Mt. Spurr and Mt. St. Helens in the USA, Ruapehu in New Zealand, Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines, and Anatahan in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (part of the USA). Ten countries—USA, Indonesia, Ecuador, Papua New Guinea, Italy, New Zealand, Philippines, Mexico, Japan, and United Kingdom—have the highest volcanic hazard and/or vulnerability measures for airports. The adverse impacts of volcanic eruptions on airports can be mitigated by preparedness and forewarning. Methods that have been used to forewarn airports of volcanic activity include real-time detection of explosive volcanic activity, forecasts of ash dispersion and deposition, and detection of approaching ash clouds using ground-based Doppler radar. Given the demonstrated vulnerability of airports to disruption from volcanic activity, at-risk airports should develop operational plans for ashfall events, and volcano-monitoring agencies should provide timely forewarning of imminent volcanic-ash hazards directly to airport operators.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-008-9254-2","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Guffanti, M.C., Mayberry, G.C., Casadevall, T.J., and Wunderman, R., 2009, Volcanic hazards to airports: Natural Hazards, v. 51, no. 2, p. 287-302, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-008-9254-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487821,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232830","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216131,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-008-9254-2"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2f4e4b08c986b32ae93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guffanti, Marianne C. guffanti@usgs.gov","contributorId":641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"Marianne","email":"guffanti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayberry, Gari C. gmayberr@usgs.gov","contributorId":2650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayberry","given":"Gari","email":"gmayberr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":451721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casadevall, Thomas J. 0000-0002-9447-6864 tcasadevall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-6864","contributorId":2734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"Thomas","email":"tcasadevall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wunderman, Richard","contributorId":33790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wunderman","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037453,"text":"70037453 - 2009 - Developing consistent Landsat data sets for large area applications: the MRLC 2001 protocol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T13:05:08","indexId":"70037453","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1940,"text":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing consistent Landsat data sets for large area applications: the MRLC 2001 protocol","docAbstract":"One of the major efforts in large area land cover mapping over the last two decades was the completion of two U.S. National Land Cover Data sets (NLCD), developed with nominal 1992 and 2001 Landsat imagery under the auspices of the MultiResolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. Following the successful generation of NLCD 1992, a second generation MRLC initiative was launched with two primary goals: (1) to develop a consistent Landsat imagery data set for the U.S. and (2) to develop a second generation National Land Cover Database (NLCD 2001). One of the key enhancements was the formulation of an image preprocessing protocol and implementation of a consistent image processing method. The core data set of the NLCD 2001 database consists of Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images. This letter details the procedures for processing the original ETM+ images and more recent scenes added to the database. NLCD 2001 products include Anderson Level II land cover classes, percent tree canopy, and percent urban imperviousness at 30-m resolution derived from Landsat imagery. The products are freely available for download to the general public from the MRLC Consortium Web site at http://www.mrlc.gov.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/LGRS.2009.2025244","issn":"1545598X","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Huang, C., Yang, L., Homer, C.G., and Larson, C., 2009, Developing consistent Landsat data sets for large area applications: the MRLC 2001 protocol: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, v. 6, no. 4, p. 777-781, https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2009.2025244.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"777","endPage":"781","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217386,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2009.2025244"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a000fe4b0c8380cd4f575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Chengquan","contributorId":25378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Chengquan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, C.","contributorId":32357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036621,"text":"70036621 - 2009 - Deformation of the Batestown till of the Lake Michigan lobe, Laurentide ice sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70036621","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation of the Batestown till of the Lake Michigan lobe, Laurentide ice sheet","docAbstract":"Deep, pervasive shear deformation of the bed to high strains (>100) may have been primarily responsible for flow and sediment transport of the Lake Michigan lobe of the Laurentide ice sheet. To test this hypothesis, we sampled at 0.2 m increments a basal till from one advance of the lobe (Batestown till) along vertical profiles and measured fabrics due to both anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and sand-grain preferred orientation. Unlike past fabric studies, interpretations were guided by results of laboratory experiments in which this till was deformed in simple shear to high strains. Fabric strengths indicate that more than half of the till sampled has a <5% probability of having been sheared to moderate strains (7-30). Secular changes in fabric azimuth over the thickness of the till, probably due to changing ice-flow direction as the lobe receded, indicate that the bed accreted with time and that the depth of deformation of the bed did not exceed a few decimeters. Orientations of principal magnetic susceptibilities show that the state of strain was commonly complex, deviating from bed-parallel simple shear. Deformation is inferred to have been focused in shallow, temporally variable patches during till deposition from ice.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3189/002214309788608877","issn":"00221430","usgsCitation":"Thomason, J., and Iverson, N., 2009, Deformation of the Batestown till of the Lake Michigan lobe, Laurentide ice sheet: Journal of Glaciology, v. 55, no. 189, p. 131-146, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608877.","startPage":"131","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476442,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608877","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217733,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608877"},{"id":245695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"189","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe4be4b0c8380cd4ec4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomason, J.F.","contributorId":11745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomason","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, N.R.","contributorId":19682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037456,"text":"70037456 - 2009 - Shifts in lake N: P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T16:15:09","indexId":"70037456","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shifts in lake N: P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition","docAbstract":"Human activities have more than doubled the amount of nitrogen (N) circulating in the biosphere. One major pathway of this anthropogenic N input into ecosystems has been increased regional deposition from the atmosphere. Here we show that atmospheric N deposition increased the stoichiometric ratio of N and phosphorus (P) in lakes in Norway, Sweden, and Colorado, United States, and, as a result, patterns of ecological nutrient limitation were shifted. Under low N deposition, phytoplankton growth is generally N-limited; however, in high-N deposition lakes, phytoplankton growth is consistently P-limited. Continued anthropogenic amplification of the global N cycle will further alter ecological processes, such as biogeochemical cycling, trophic dynamics, and biological diversity, in the world's lakes, even in lakes far from direct human disturbance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1176199","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Elser, J., Andersen, T., Baron, J., Bergstrom, A., Jansson, M., Kyle, M., Nydick, K., Steger, L., and Hessen, D., 2009, Shifts in lake N: P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition: Science, v. 326, no. 5954, p. 835-837, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1176199.","startPage":"835","endPage":"837","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217415,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1176199"},{"id":245361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"326","issue":"5954","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e71e4b08c986b318940","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elser, J.J.","contributorId":64919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elser","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, T.","contributorId":95305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergstrom, A.-K.","contributorId":74987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstrom","given":"A.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jansson, M.","contributorId":100224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jansson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kyle, M.","contributorId":44764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyle","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nydick, K. R.","contributorId":9991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nydick","given":"K. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Steger, L.","contributorId":57696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steger","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hessen, D.O.","contributorId":42812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hessen","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70037486,"text":"70037486 - 2009 - A case study of two M~5 mainshocks in Anza, California: Is the footprint of an aftershock sequence larger than we think?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:21:46","indexId":"70037486","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A case study of two M~5 mainshocks in Anza, California: Is the footprint of an aftershock sequence larger than we think?","docAbstract":"It has been traditionally held that aftershocks occur within one to two fault lengths of the mainshock. Here we demonstrate that this perception has been shaped by the sensitivity of seismic networks. The 31 October 2001 Mw 5.0 and 12 June 2005 Mw 5.2 Anza mainshocks in southern California occurred in the middle of the densely instrumented ANZA seismic network and thus were unusually well recorded. For the June 2005 event, aftershocks as small as M 0.0 could be observed stretching for at least 50 km along the San Jacinto fault even though the mainshock fault was only ∼4.5 km long. It was hypothesized that an observed aseismic slipping patch produced a spatially extended aftershock-triggering source, presumably slowing the decay of aftershock density with distance and leading to a broader aftershock zone. We find, however, the decay of aftershock density with distance for both Anza sequences to be similar to that observed elsewhere in California. This indicates there is no need for an additional triggering mechanism and suggests that given widespread dense instrumentation, aftershock sequences would routinely have footprints much larger than currently expected. Despite the large 2005 aftershock zone, we find that the probability that the 2005 Anza mainshock triggered the M 4.9 Yucaipa mainshock, which occurred 4.2 days later and 72 km away, to be only 14%±1%. This probability is a strong function of the time delay; had the earthquakes been separated by only an hour, the probability of triggering would have been 89%.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120080268","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Fritts, K.R., and Kilb, D., 2009, A case study of two M~5 mainshocks in Anza, California: Is the footprint of an aftershock sequence larger than we think?: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 5, p. 2721-2735, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080268.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2721","endPage":"2735","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Anza","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.90414428710936,\n 33.268546361901954\n ],\n [\n -116.90414428710936,\n 33.72890830547334\n ],\n [\n -116.31637573242188,\n 33.72890830547334\n ],\n [\n -116.31637573242188,\n 33.268546361901954\n ],\n [\n -116.90414428710936,\n 33.268546361901954\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a75b3e4b032384278348e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, Karen R. krfritts@usgs.gov","contributorId":378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"Karen","email":"krfritts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":461283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilb, Debi","contributorId":90892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilb","given":"Debi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035514,"text":"70035514 - 2009 - Impact of municipal wastewater effluent on seed bank response and soils excavated from a wetland impoundment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035514","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of municipal wastewater effluent on seed bank response and soils excavated from a wetland impoundment","docAbstract":"Intensive management of wetlands to improve wildlife habitat typically includes the manipulation of water depth, duration, and timing to promote desired vegetation communities. Increased societal, industrial, and agricultural demands for water may encourage the use of alternative sources such as wastewater effluents in managed wetlands. However, water quality is commonly overlooked as an influence on wetland soil seed banks and soils. In four separate greenhouse trials conducted over a 2-yr period, we examined the effects of municipal wastewater effluent (WWE) on vegetation of wetland seed banks and soils excavated from a wildlife management area in Missouri, USA. We used microcosms filled with one of two soil materials and irrigated with WWE, Missouri River water, or deionized water to simulate moist-soil conditions. Vegetation that germinated from the soil seed bank was allowed to grow in microcosms for approximately 100 d. Vegetative taxa richness, plant density, and biomass were significantly reduced in WWE-irrigated soil materials compared with other water sources. Salinity and sodicity rapidly increased in WWE-irrigated microcosms and probably was responsible for inhibiting germination or interfering with seedling development. Our results indicate that irrigation with WWE promoted saline-sodic soil conditions, which alters the vegetation community by inhibiting germination or seedling development. ?? 2009, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/08-58.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Finocchiaro, R., Kremer, R., and Fredrickson, L., 2009, Impact of municipal wastewater effluent on seed bank response and soils excavated from a wetland impoundment: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 2, p. 713-723, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-58.1.","startPage":"713","endPage":"723","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216449,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-58.1"},{"id":244319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38c2e4b0c8380cd616a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finocchiaro, R.G.","contributorId":15038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finocchiaro","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kremer, R.J.","contributorId":47608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kremer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredrickson, L.H.","contributorId":91042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035457,"text":"70035457 - 2009 - Integrated sequence stratigraphy of the postimpact sediments from the Eyreville core holes, Chesapeake Bay impact structure inner basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:35:32","indexId":"70035457","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated sequence stratigraphy of the postimpact sediments from the Eyreville core holes, Chesapeake Bay impact structure inner basin","docAbstract":"","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(33)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Browning, J.V., Miller, K., McLaughlin, P., Edwards, L.E., Kulpecz, A., Powars, D.S., Wade, B., Feigenson, M., and Wright, J., 2009, Integrated sequence stratigraphy of the postimpact sediments from the Eyreville core holes, Chesapeake Bay impact structure inner basin: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 458, p. 775-810, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(33).","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"810","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -75.157470703125,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -75.157470703125,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 36.73888412439431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c6ce4b0c8380cd62d11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browning, James V.","contributorId":22635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, K.G.","contributorId":18094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, P.P. Jr.","contributorId":68122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"P.P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kulpecz, A.A.","contributorId":46672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulpecz","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wade, B.S.","contributorId":34742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wade","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Feigenson, M.D.","contributorId":65641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feigenson","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wright, J.D.","contributorId":34676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036546,"text":"70036546 - 2009 - A critical evaluation of crustal dehydration as the cause of an overpressured and weak San Andreas Fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036546","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A critical evaluation of crustal dehydration as the cause of an overpressured and weak San Andreas Fault","docAbstract":"Many plate boundary faults, including the San Andreas Fault, appear to slip at unexpectedly low shear stress. One long-standing explanation for a \"weak\" San Andreas Fault is that fluid release by dehydration reactions during regional metamorphism generates elevated fluid pressures that are localized within the fault, reducing the effective normal stress. We evaluate this hypothesis by calculating realistic fluid production rates for the San Andreas Fault system, and incorporating them into 2-D fluid flow models. Our results show that for a wide range of permeability distributions, fluid sources from crustal dehydration are too small and short-lived to generate, sustain, or localize fluid pressures in the fault sufficient to explain its apparent mechanical weakness. This suggests that alternative mechanisms, possibly acting locally within the fault zone, such as shear compaction or thermal pressurization, may be necessary to explain a weak San Andreas Fault. More generally, our results demonstrate the difficulty of localizing large fluid pressures generated by regional processes within near-vertical fault zones. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.009","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Fulton, P., Saffer, D., and Bekins, B., 2009, A critical evaluation of crustal dehydration as the cause of an overpressured and weak San Andreas Fault: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 284, no. 3-4, p. 447-454, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.009.","startPage":"447","endPage":"454","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217613,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.009"},{"id":245569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"284","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e39fe4b0c8380cd46135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulton, P.M.","contributorId":47552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saffer, D.M.","contributorId":72945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saffer","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036661,"text":"70036661 - 2009 - Modeled ground water age distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-08T09:42:41","indexId":"70036661","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeled ground water age distributions","docAbstract":"The age of ground water in any given sample is a distributed quantity representing distributed provenance (in space and time) of the water. Conventional analysis of tracers such as unstable isotopes or anthropogenic chemical species gives discrete or binary measures of the presence of water of a given age. Modeled ground water age distributions provide a continuous measure of contributions from different recharge sources to aquifers. A numerical solution of the ground water age equation of Ginn (1999) was tested both on a hypothetical simplified one-dimensional flow system and under real world conditions. Results from these simulations yield the first continuous distributions of ground water age using this model. Complete age distributions as a function of one and two space dimensions were obtained from both numerical experiments. Simulations in the test problem produced mean ages that were consistent with the expected value at the end of the model domain for all dispersivity values tested, although the mean ages for the two highest dispersivity values deviated slightly from the expected value. Mean ages in the dispersionless case also were consistent with the expected mean ages throughout the physical model domain. Simulations under real world conditions for three dispersivity values resulted in decreasing mean age with increasing dispersivity. This likely is a consequence of an edge effect. However, simulations for all three dispersivity values tested were mass balanced and stable demonstrating that the solution of the ground water age equation can provide estimates of water mass density distributions over age under real world conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00550.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Woolfenden, L.R., and Ginn, T.R., 2009, Modeled ground water age distributions: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 4, p. 547-557, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00550.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"557","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217447,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00550.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bbce4b0c8380cd6f788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woolfenden, Linda R. 0000-0003-3500-4709 lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-4709","contributorId":1476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolfenden","given":"Linda","email":"lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginn, Timothy R.","contributorId":74988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginn","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036693,"text":"70036693 - 2009 - Simulating the recovery of suspended sediment transport and river-bed stability in response to dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036693","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the recovery of suspended sediment transport and river-bed stability in response to dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington","docAbstract":"U.S. Department of the Interior is planning to remove two high dams (30 and 60 m) from the Elwha River, which will allow the river to erode sediment deposits in the reservoirs, and ultimately restore the river ecosystem. Fluvial sediment transport and deposition paradoxically represent ecological disturbance and restoration. A one-dimensional, movable boundary sediment-transport model was applied at a daily time step to simulate changes in river-bed elevations and particle-size distributions and concentrations of suspended sediment. The simulations included a three-year dam removal period and a four-year recovery period. Simulated concentrations of suspended sediment recover rapidly during the recovery period. Simulated bed elevation and particle-size distributions are stable for much of the river during the recovery period, but high flows periodically disturb the river bed, causing changes in river-bed elevation and particle-size distribution, especially during autumn, when summer/autumn chinook salmon are incubating in redds. Although the river bed will become increasingly stable after dam removal, episodic high flows will interrupt recovery trends. Productivity and diversity of the ecosystem may be lower because of excess sediment immediately after dam removal but should increase during recovery above current levels as the river. Monitoring of the recovery of the Elwha River ecosystem can target ecologically significant physical parameters indicating the transition from a sediment transport-limited state to a supply-limited state.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.03.018","issn":"09258574","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C., 2009, Simulating the recovery of suspended sediment transport and river-bed stability in response to dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington: Ecological Engineering, v. 35, no. 7, p. 1104-1115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.03.018.","startPage":"1104","endPage":"1115","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217878,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.03.018"},{"id":245851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fdce4b08c986b3191a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, C.P.","contributorId":39027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035344,"text":"70035344 - 2009 - Hurricane Wilma's impact on overall soil elevation and zones within the soil profile in a mangrove forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-16T11:37:46","indexId":"70035344","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricane Wilma's impact on overall soil elevation and zones within the soil profile in a mangrove forest","docAbstract":"Soil elevation affects tidal inundation period, inundation frequency, and overall hydroperiod, all of which are important ecological factors affecting species recruitment, composition, and survival in wetlands. Hurricanes can dramatically affect a site's soil elevation. We assessed the impact of Hurricane Wilma (2005) on soil elevation at a mangrove forest location along the Shark River in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Using multiple depth surface elevation tables (SETs) and marker horizons we measured soil accretion, erosion, and soil elevation. We partitioned the effect of Hurricane Wilma's storm deposit into four constituent soil zones: surface (accretion) zone, shallow zone (0–0.35 m), middle zone (0.35–4 m), and deep zone (4–6 m). We report expansion and contraction of each soil zone. Hurricane Wilma deposited 37.0 (± 3.0 SE) mm of material; however, the absolute soil elevation change was + 42.8 mm due to expansion in the shallow soil zone. One year post-hurricane, the soil profile had lost 10.0 mm in soil elevation, with 8.5 mm of the loss due to erosion. The remaining soil elevation loss was due to compaction from shallow subsidence. We found prolific growth of new fine rootlets (209 ± 34 SE g m−2) in the storm deposited material suggesting that deposits may become more stable in the near future (i.e., erosion rate will decrease). Surficial erosion and belowground processes both played an important role in determining the overall soil elevation. Expansion and contraction in the shallow soil zone may be due to hydrology, and in the middle and bottom soil zones due to shallow subsidence. Findings thus far indicate that soil elevation has made substantial gains compared to site specific relative sea-level rise, but data trends suggest that belowground processes, which differ by soil zone, may come to dominate the long term ecological impact of storm deposit.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/08-125.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Whelan, K., Smith, T.J., Anderson, G., and Ouellette, M., 2009, Hurricane Wilma's impact on overall soil elevation and zones within the soil profile in a mangrove forest: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 1, p. 16-23, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-125.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"23","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215373,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-125.1"},{"id":243171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.52,24.85 ], [ -81.52,25.89 ], [ -80.39,25.89 ], [ -80.39,24.85 ], [ -81.52,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32b4e4b0c8380cd5e9fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whelan, K.R.T.","contributorId":11311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"K.R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, T. J. III","contributorId":24303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, G.H.","contributorId":93601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ouellette, M.L.","contributorId":89736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouellette","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035313,"text":"70035313 - 2009 - Can footwall unloading explain late Cenozoic uplift of the Sierra Nevada crest?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035313","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can footwall unloading explain late Cenozoic uplift of the Sierra Nevada crest?","docAbstract":"Globally, normal-fault displacement bends and warps rift flanks upwards, as adjoining basins drop downwards. Perhaps the most evident manifestations are the flanks of the East African Rift, which cuts across the otherwise minimally deformed continent. Flank uplift was explained by Vening Meinesz (1950, Institut Royal Colonial Belge, Bulletin des Seances, v. 21, p. 539-552), who recognized that isostasy should cause uplift of a normal-faulted footwall and subsidence of its hanging wall. Uplift occurs because slip on a dipping normal fault creates a broader root of less-dense material beneath the footwall, and a narrowed one beneath the hanging wall. In this paper, we investigate the potential influence of this process on the latest stages of Sierra Nevada uplift. Through theoretical calculations and 3D finite element modelling, we find that cumulative slip of about 4km on range-front faults would have produced about 1.3km peak isostatic uplift at the ridge crest. Numerical models suggest that the zone of uplift is narrow, with the width controlled by bending resistance of the seismogenic crust. We conclude that footwall unloading cannot account for the entire elevation of the Sierran crest above sea level, but if range-front faulting initiated in an already elevated plateau like the adjacent Basin and Range Province, then a hybrid model of pre-existing regional uplift and localized footwall unloading can account for the older and newer uplift phases suggested by the geologic record.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geology Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/00206810903059156","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Thompson, G.A., and Parsons, T., 2009, Can footwall unloading explain late Cenozoic uplift of the Sierra Nevada crest?: International Geology Review, v. 51, no. 9-11, p. 986-993, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206810903059156.","startPage":"986","endPage":"993","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215429,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206810903059156"},{"id":243235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"9-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f334e4b0c8380cd4b66b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, G. A.","contributorId":90332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}