The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, has maintained seismic monitoring networks at historically active volcanoes in Alaska since 1988. The primary objectives of this program are the near real time seismic monitoring of active, potentially hazardous, Alaskan volcanoes and the investigation of seismic processes associated with active volcanism. This catalog presents the calculated earthquake hypocenter and phase arrival data, and changes in the seismic monitoring program for the period January 1 through December 31, 2003.
The AVO seismograph network was used to monitor the seismic activity at twenty-seven volcanoes within Alaska in 2003. These include Mount Wrangell, Mount Spurr, Redoubt Volcano, Iliamna Volcano, Augustine Volcano, Katmai volcanic cluster (Snowy Mountain, Mount Griggs, Mount Katmai, Novarupta, Trident Volcano, Mount Mageik, Mount Martin), Aniakchak Crater, Mount Veniaminof, Pavlof Volcano, Mount Dutton, Isanotski Peaks, Shishaldin Volcano, Fisher Caldera, Westdahl Peak, Akutan Peak, Makushin Volcano, Okmok Caldera, Great Sitkin Volcano, Kanaga Volcano, Tanaga Volcano, and Mount Gareloi. Monitoring highlights in 2003 include: continuing elevated seismicity at Mount Veniaminof in January-April (volcanic unrest began in August 2002), volcanogenic seismic swarms at Shishaldin Volcano throughout the year, and low-level tremor at Okmok Caldera throughout the year. Instrumentation and data acquisition highlights in 2003 were the installation of subnetworks on Tanaga and Gareloi Islands, the installation of broadband installations on Akutan Volcano and Okmok Caldera, and the establishment of telemetry for the Okmok Caldera subnetwork. AVO located 3911 earthquakes in 2003.
This catalog includes: (1) a description of instruments deployed in the field and their locations; (2) a description of earthquake detection, recording, analysis, and data archival systems; (3) a description of velocity models used for earthquake locations; (4) a summary of earthquakes located in 2003; and (5) an accompanying UNIX tar-file with a summary of earthquake origin times, hypocenters, magnitudes, phase arrival times, and location quality statistics; daily station usage statistics; and all HYPOELLIPSE files used to determine the earthquake locations in 2003.
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The seismic summary is offered without interpretation as a source of preliminary data. It is complete in the sense that most data for events of M= 1.5 routinely gathered by the Observatory are included. The emphasis in collection of tilt and deformation data has shifted from quarterly measurements at a few water-tube tilt stations ('wet' tilt) to a larger number of continuously recording borehole tiltmeters, repeated measurements at numerous spirit-level tilt stations ('dry' tilt), and surveying of level and trilateration networks. Because of the large quantity of deformation data now gathered and differing schedules of data reduction, the seismic and deformation summaries are published separately. \r\n\r\nThe HVO summaries have been published in various forms since 1956. Summaries prior to 1974 were issued quarterly, but cost, convenience of preparation and distribution, and the large quantities of data dictated an annual publication beginning with Summary 74 for the year 1974. 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The present summary includes background information on the seismic network and processing to allow use of the data and to provide an understanding of how they were gathered.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041242","usgsCitation":"Nakata, J.S., Heliker, C., Orr, T., and Hoblitt, R., 2004, Hawaiian volcano observatory summary 103; Part I, seismic data, January to December 2003 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1242, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041242.","productDescription":"79 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5915,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63eed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakata, Jennifer S.","contributorId":18364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakata","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heliker, C.","contributorId":80314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. 0000-0003-1157-7588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588","contributorId":26365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":103738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":57979,"text":"ofr20041062 - 2004 - Quaternary stratigraphy and tectonics, and late prehistoric agriculture of the Safford Basin (Gila and San Simon river valleys), Graham County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:12","indexId":"ofr20041062","displayToPublicDate":"2004-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1062","title":"Quaternary stratigraphy and tectonics, and late prehistoric agriculture of the Safford Basin (Gila and San Simon river valleys), Graham County, Arizona","docAbstract":"This guidebook accompanied the 46th annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Cell of the Friends of the Pleistocene (FOP) and the 2002 Fall Field Trip of the Arizona Geological Society. The meeting and field trip were held in the Safford Basin, southeastern Arizona. The Friends of the Pleistocene is an informal gathering of Quaternary geologists, geomorphologists, and pedologists who meet annually for a field conference. \r\n\r\nThe first part of the guidebook consists of road logs with descriptions of stops covering the three days of the field trip. An overview of the geology of the Safford Basin is given in Stop 1-1. The second part of the guidebook consists of four short papers that discuss adjacent areas or that expand upon the road log descriptions of the field trip stops. The first paper by Reid and Buffler is a summary of upper Cenozoic depositional facies in the Duncan Basin, the first basin to the east of the Safford Basin. The next three papers expand upon (1) the soil study of the gridded field agricultural complex (Stop 2-3, Homburg and Sandor), (2) the vertebrate fossils of the San Simon Valley in the southeastern part of the Safford Basin (Stop 3-1, Thrasher), and (3) paleoIndian irrigation systems and settlements in Lefthand Canyon at the foot of the Pinaleno Mountains (Stop 3-2, Neely and Homburg).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041062","usgsCitation":"Houser, B.B., Pearthree, P.A., Homburg, J.A., and Thrasher, L.C., 2004, Quaternary stratigraphy and tectonics, and late prehistoric agriculture of the Safford Basin (Gila and San Simon river valleys), Graham County, Arizona (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1062, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041062.","productDescription":"53 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5939,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"48","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634f2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houser, Brenda B.","contributorId":20772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearthree, Phillip A.","contributorId":53469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearthree","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Homburg, Jeffry A.","contributorId":102572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homburg","given":"Jeffry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thrasher, Lawrence C.","contributorId":76007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thrasher","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":57806,"text":"ofr20041256 - 2004 - Surficial geology and analysis of post impoundment sediment of Lake Mohave; interpretation of sidescan sonar and seismic-reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-01T19:36:13.721816","indexId":"ofr20041256","displayToPublicDate":"2004-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1256","title":"Surficial geology and analysis of post impoundment sediment of Lake Mohave; interpretation of sidescan sonar and seismic-reflection data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041256","usgsCitation":"Foster, D.S., Capone, M.K., Parolski, K.F., Twichell, D.C., and Rudin, M.J., 2004, Surficial geology and analysis of post impoundment sediment of Lake Mohave; interpretation of sidescan sonar and seismic-reflection data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1256, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041256.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":409934,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68861.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":5766,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1256/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mohave","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.78761935621542,\n 36.00512225424448\n ],\n [\n -114.78761935621542,\n 35.2045559699329\n ],\n [\n -114.53089279149953,\n 35.2045559699329\n ],\n [\n -114.53089279149953,\n 36.00512225424448\n ],\n [\n -114.78761935621542,\n 36.00512225424448\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688bfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, David S. 0000-0003-1205-0884 dfoster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0884","contributorId":1320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"David","email":"dfoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capone, Mark K.","contributorId":16903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capone","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parolski, Kenneth F.","contributorId":6452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parolski","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":257849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rudin, Mark J.","contributorId":45345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudin","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":56324,"text":"ofr20041219 - 2004 - Summary of Suspended-Sediment Concentration Data, San Francisco Bay, California, Water Year 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:31:10","indexId":"ofr20041219","displayToPublicDate":"2004-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1219","title":"Summary of Suspended-Sediment Concentration Data, San Francisco Bay, California, Water Year 2002","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment concentration data were collected in San Francisco Bay during water year 2002 (October 1, 2001-September 30, 2002). Optical backscatterance sensors and water samples were used to monitor suspended sediment at two sites in Suisun Bay, three sites in San Pablo Bay, two sites in Central San Francisco Bay, and three sites in South San Francisco Bay. Sensors were positioned at two depths at most sites. Water samples were collected periodically and were analyzed for concentrations of suspended sediment. The results of the analyses were used to calibrate the electrical output of the optical backscatterance sensors so that a record of suspended-sediment concentrations could be derived. This report presents the data-collection methods used and summarizes the suspended-sediment concentration data collected from October 2001 through September 2002. Calibration curves and plots of edited data for each sensor also are presented.
","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041219","usgsCitation":"Buchanan, P.A., and Ganju, N., 2004, Summary of Suspended-Sediment Concentration Data, San Francisco Bay, California, Water Year 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1219, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041219.","productDescription":"54 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5700,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1219/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699486","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan, Paul A. 0000-0002-4796-4734 buchanan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-4734","contributorId":1018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Paul","email":"buchanan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":93543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53296,"text":"ofr20041042 - 2004 - A new streamflow-routing (SFR1) package to simulate stream-aquifer interaction with MODFLOW-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-05T19:53:30","indexId":"ofr20041042","displayToPublicDate":"2004-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1042","title":"A new streamflow-routing (SFR1) package to simulate stream-aquifer interaction with MODFLOW-2000","docAbstract":"The increasing concern for water and its quality require improved methods to evaluate the interaction between streams and aquifers and the strong influence that streams can have on the flow and transport of contaminants through many aquifers. For this reason, a new Streamflow-Routing (SFR1) Package was written for use with the U.S. Geological Survey's MODFLOW-2000 ground-water flow model. The SFR1 Package is linked to the Lake (LAK3) Package, and both have been integrated with the Ground-Water Transport (GWT) Process of MODFLOW-2000 (MODFLOW-GWT). SFR1 replaces the previous Stream (STR1) Package, with the most important difference being that stream depth is computed at the midpoint of each reach instead of at the beginning of each reach, as was done in the original Stream Package. This approach allows for the addition and subtraction of water from runoff, precipitation, and evapotranspiration within each reach. Because the SFR1 Package computes stream depth differently than that for the original package, a different name was used to distinguish it from the original Stream (STR1) Package.\r\n\r\nThe SFR1 Package has five options for simulating stream depth and four options for computing diversions from a stream. The options for computing stream depth are: a specified value; Manning's equation (using a wide rectangular channel or an eight-point cross section); a power equation; or a table of values that relate flow to depth and width. Each stream segment can have a different option. Outflow from lakes can be computed using the same options. Because the wetted perimeter is computed for the eight-point cross section and width is computed for the power equation and table of values, the streambed conductance term no longer needs to be calculated externally whenever the area of streambed changes as a function of flow. The concentration of solute is computed in a stream network when MODFLOW-GWT is used in conjunction with the SFR1 Package. The concentration of a solute in a stream reach is based on a mass-balance approach and accounts for exchanges with (inputs from or losses to) ground-water systems.\r\n\r\nTwo test examples are used to illustrate some of the capabilities of the SFR1 Package. The first test simulation was designed to illustrate how pumping of ground water from an aquifer connected to streams can affect streamflow, depth, width, and streambed conductance using the different options. The second test simulation was designed to illustrate solute transport through interconnected lakes, streams, and aquifers. Because of the need to examine time series results from the model simulations, the Gage Package first described in the LAK3 documentation was revised to include time series results of selected variables (streamflows, stream depth and width, streambed conductance, solute concentrations, and solute loads) for specified stream reaches.\r\n\r\nThe mass-balance or continuity approach for routing flow and solutes through a stream network may not be applicable for all interactions between streams and aquifers. The SFR1 Package is best suited for modeling long-term changes (months to hundreds of years) in ground-water flow and solute concentrations using averaged flows in streams. The Package is not recommended for modeling the transient exchange of water between streams and aquifers when the objective is to examine short-term (minutes to days) effects caused by rapidly changing streamflows.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041042","usgsCitation":"Prudic, D.E., Konikow, L.F., and Banta, E., 2004, A new streamflow-routing (SFR1) package to simulate stream-aquifer interaction with MODFLOW-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1042, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041042.","productDescription":"104 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5024,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd495ee4b0b290850ef1bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banta, Edward R.","contributorId":49820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"Edward R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":57809,"text":"ofr20041227 - 2004 - Site-specific soil-carbon (S3C) database for mineral soils of the Mississippi River Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:18","indexId":"ofr20041227","displayToPublicDate":"2004-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1227","title":"Site-specific soil-carbon (S3C) database for mineral soils of the Mississippi River Basin, USA","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041227","usgsCitation":"Buell, G.R., Markewich, H.W., Kulisek, R., Pollard, S., and Cook, T., 2004, Site-specific soil-carbon (S3C) database for mineral soils of the Mississippi River Basin, USA (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1227, database files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041227.","productDescription":"database files","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5787,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1227/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6980f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buell, Gary R. grbuell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buell","given":"Gary","email":"grbuell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markewich, H. 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2004 - Isostatic residual gravity map of The Santa Clara Valley and vicinity, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:12","indexId":"ofr20041297","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1297","title":"Isostatic residual gravity map of The Santa Clara Valley and vicinity, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041297","usgsCitation":"Roberts, C.W., Jachens, R.C., Ponce, D.A., and Langenheim, V., 2004, Isostatic residual gravity map of The Santa Clara Valley and vicinity, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1297, 1 map on 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041297.","productDescription":"1 map on 1 sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110511,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68731.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"68731"},{"id":184143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5928,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1297/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"48","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9fe4b07f02db6616d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Carter W.","contributorId":45282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Carter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":1526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":57968,"text":"ofr20041289 - 2004 - Abstracts of the annual meeting of planetary geologic mappers, Flagstaff, Arizona, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T19:02:02","indexId":"ofr20041289","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1289","title":"Abstracts of the annual meeting of planetary geologic mappers, Flagstaff, Arizona, 2004","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041289","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., and Saunders, R.S., 2004, Abstracts of the annual meeting of planetary geologic mappers, Flagstaff, Arizona, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1289, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041289.","productDescription":"51 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5929,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1289/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3887","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gregg, Tracy","contributorId":98408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Tracy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745708,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saunders, R. 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We used a variety of subsurface data from the literature and unpublished information to document thicknesses, materials, dates and duration of processes. Although the details of the true extent and thicknesses are unknown, the deposits of different sources have affinity for particular geographic and submerged geomorphic regions of the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries.\r\n\r\nDuring the last Pleistocene glacial event (Wisconsian), the area now occupied by the Chesapeake Bay was exposed, sea level being about 100 m lower than present. The Susquehanna River valley extended beyond the Bay well out on the exposed Atlantic Shelf. The Susquehanna transported glacial outwash from northern Pennsylvania and New York; the glacio-fluvial deposits were graded to the edge of the continental shelf (Colman et al., 1990; Hack, 1957). Other Piedmont and Appalachian Rivers including the Potomac and James Rivers transported large volumes of sediment to confluence with the Susquehanna channel. Locally, across the encompasing coastal plain landscape, intensive headward erosion, gullies, and slope failure, generated extensive debris flows, sheet wash, and terraces of braided alluvial channel deposits. Large volumes of sediment were moved through the river system to the continental shelf. This was accomplished by a cold, wet climate that included much freezing and thawing; steep eroding slopes resulted from the lowering of sea level from the previous high stand (Stage 5e) between glacial events. Across the Delmarva peninsula extensive wind-blown deposits of sand and loess were recycled onto low terraces and uplands from the unvegetated glacio-fluvial sediments moving through the system (Denny et al., 1979). The volume and distribution of sediment eroded and transported from the watershed surrounding the area of the Bay was several orders of magnitude greater than generally observed in transport and storage on the present day landscape.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041235","usgsCitation":"Newell, W., Clark, I.E., and Bricker, O., 2004, Distribution of Holocene Sediment in Chesapeake Bay as Interpreted from Submarine Geomorphology of the Submerged Landforms, Selected Core Holes, Bridge Borings and Seismic Profiles (Version 1.0, Online Only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1235, 13 by 19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041235.","productDescription":"13 by 19 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5681,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1235/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":180737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0, Online Only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, Wayne L.","contributorId":48538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Inga E. 0000-0003-0084-0256 iclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-0256","contributorId":3256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Inga","email":"iclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bricker, Owen","contributorId":54464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"Owen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":57729,"text":"ofr20041304 - 2004 - Preliminary report on using imaging spectroscopy to map ultramafic rocks, serpentinites, and tremolite-actinolite-bearing rocks in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-06T16:07:28.121949","indexId":"ofr20041304","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1304","title":"Preliminary report on using imaging spectroscopy to map ultramafic rocks, serpentinites, and tremolite-actinolite-bearing rocks in California","docAbstract":"Airborne Visible/InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data were collected in approximately 3- kilometer-wide swaths over selected areas in El Dorado and Plumas Counties that contain serpentinite and ultramafic rocks as part of an experiment to determine if potentially asbestos-bearing rocks could be identified spectrally. M ineral maps created from the AVIRIS data were used successfully to delineate exposures of serpentine and tremolite-actinolite/talc in areas with up to 70 percent vegetation cover in some cases. In other cases, the density of vegetation is so high that it prevented spectral identification by AVIRIS of minerals in those areas, thus there may be more serpentine and tremolite-actinolite/talc present than is shown on the mineral maps. It also is important to note that not all tremolite-actinolite is fibrous, and just because tremolite-actinolite was mapped, does not necessarily mean it is tremolite- or actinolite-asbestos. Finally, it is difficult to spectrally distinguish tremolite-actinolite from talc using AVIRIS. Serpentine has been detected outside of known serpentinite outcrop areas, mostly as aggregate that covers dirt roads. Four flight lines of AVIRIS data were analyzed over areas selected to show trends in degree of surface exposure as a function of elevation and vegetation cover. Field checking has verified the accuracy of the mineral maps at 25 accessible locations. Eleven additional flight lines remain to be analyzed and field checked pending future funding. AVIRIS mineral mapping has shown promise as a complement to field mapping but cannot replace it. Because AVIRIS is a remote-sensing technology, the presence of serpentine or tremolite-actinolite would have to be verified in the field by direct observation and by appropriate sampling and laboratory analysis, if needed. At this time, no conclusions regarding the presence or absence of asbestos minerals in the identified areas are possible from the AVIRIS data alone. Identification of asbestos minerals in the identified areas would require appropriate sampling and laboratory analysis of the materials in those areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041304","usgsCitation":"Swayze, G.A., Higgins, C.T., Clinkenbeard, J.P., Kokaly, R., Clark, R.N., Meeker, G.P., and Sutley, S.J., 2004, Preliminary report on using imaging spectroscopy to map ultramafic rocks, serpentinites, and tremolite-actinolite-bearing rocks in California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1304, iii, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041304.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110506,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68615.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"68615"},{"id":5980,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1304/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":380265,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1304/OF-2004-1304_508.pdf","size":"24.4 MB"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"El Dorado County, Plumas County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.3714599609375,\n 39.23650795487107\n ],\n [\n -120.003662109375,\n 39.23650795487107\n ],\n [\n -120.003662109375,\n 40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -121.3714599609375,\n 40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -121.3714599609375,\n 39.23650795487107\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.3714599609375,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -119.893798828125,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -119.893798828125,\n 39.23650795487107\n ],\n [\n -121.3714599609375,\n 39.23650795487107\n ],\n [\n -121.3714599609375,\n 38.44498466889473\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691db8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, Chris T.","contributorId":64942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clinkenbeard, John P.","contributorId":33036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clinkenbeard","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sutley, Stephen J.","contributorId":60296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":57070,"text":"ofr20041031 - 2004 - Preliminary 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of igneous intrusions from Uvalde County, Texas: Defining a more precise eruption history for the southern Balcones Volcanic Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T18:56:55.397666","indexId":"ofr20041031","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1031","displayTitle":"Preliminary 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of igneous intrusions from Uvalde County, Texas: Defining a more precise eruption history for the southern Balcones Volcanic Province","title":"Preliminary 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of igneous intrusions from Uvalde County, Texas: Defining a more precise eruption history for the southern Balcones Volcanic Province","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041031","usgsCitation":"Miggins, D., Blome, C.D., and Smith, D.V., 2004, Preliminary 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of igneous intrusions from Uvalde County, Texas: Defining a more precise eruption history for the southern Balcones Volcanic Province (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1031, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041031.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5628,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404385,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68453.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":183962,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Uvalde County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.4132,29.6253],[-99.4107,29.087],[-99.6813,29.0872],[-100.1119,29.0844],[-100.1112,29.3486],[-100.111,29.6236],[-100.0145,29.6237],[-99.6173,29.6257],[-99.6033,29.6257],[-99.4132,29.6253]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Uvalde\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb746","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miggins, Daniel P.","contributorId":71623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miggins","given":"Daniel P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":256213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, David V. 0000-0003-0426-4401 dvsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-4401","contributorId":1306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dvsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":256214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":57984,"text":"ofr20041267 - 2004 - Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:14","indexId":"ofr20041267","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1267","title":"Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team 2003","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041267","usgsCitation":"Powell, C.L., Stone, P., and Graymer, R.W., 2004, Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1267, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041267.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5942,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1267/of2004-1267.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655e75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Charles L. II 0000-0002-1913-555X cpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1913-555X","contributorId":3243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"cpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 pastone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0156","contributorId":273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Paul","email":"pastone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graymer, Russell W. 0000-0003-4910-5682 rgraymer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-5682","contributorId":1052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"Russell","email":"rgraymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":57749,"text":"ofr20041269 - 2004 - Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading in Oceano, California, during the 2003 San Simeon Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:33","indexId":"ofr20041269","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1269","title":"Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading in Oceano, California, during the 2003 San Simeon Earthquake","docAbstract":"The December 22, 2003, San Simeon, California, (M6.5) earthquake caused damage to houses, road surfaces, and underground utilities in Oceano, California. The community of Oceano is approximately 50 miles (80 km) from the earthquake epicenter. Damage at this distance from a M6.5 earthquake is unusual. To understand the causes of this damage, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted extensive subsurface exploration and monitoring of aftershocks in the months after the earthquake. The investigation included 37 seismic cone penetration tests, 5 soil borings, and aftershock monitoring from January 28 to March 7, 2004.\r\n\r\nThe USGS investigation identified two earthquake hazards in Oceano that explain the San Simeon earthquake damage?site amplification and liquefaction. Site amplification is a phenomenon observed in many earthquakes where the strength of the shaking increases abnormally in areas where the seismic-wave velocity of shallow geologic layers is low. As a result, earthquake shaking is felt more strongly than in surrounding areas without similar geologic conditions. Site amplification in Oceano is indicated by the physical properties of the geologic layers beneath Oceano and was confirmed by monitoring aftershocks.\r\n\r\nLiquefaction, which is also commonly observed during earthquakes, is a phenomenon where saturated sands lose their strength during an earthquake and become fluid-like and mobile. As a result, the ground may undergo large permanent displacements that can damage underground utilities and well-built surface structures. The type of displacement of major concern associated with liquefaction is lateral spreading because it involves displacement of large blocks of ground down gentle slopes or towards stream channels. The USGS investigation indicates that the shallow geologic units beneath Oceano are very susceptible to liquefaction. They include young sand dunes and clean sandy artificial fill that was used to bury and convert marshes into developable lots. Most of the 2003 damage was caused by lateral spreading in two separate areas, one near Norswing Drive and the other near Juanita Avenue. The areas coincided with areas with the highest liquefaction potential found in Oceano.\r\n\r\nAreas with site amplification conditions similar to those in Oceano are particularly vulnerable to earthquakes. Site amplification may cause shaking from distant earthquakes, which normally would not cause damage, to increase locally to damaging levels. The vulnerability in Oceano is compounded by the widespread distribution of highly liquefiable soils that will reliquefy when ground shaking is amplified as it was during the San Simeon earthquake. The experience in Oceano can be expected to repeat because the region has many active faults capable of generating large earthquakes. In addition, liquefaction and lateral spreading will be more extensive for moderate-size earthquakes that are closer to Oceano than was the 2003 San Simeon earthquake.\r\n\r\nSite amplification and liquefaction can be mitigated. Shaking is typically mitigated in California by adopting and enforcing up-to-date building codes. Although not a guarantee of safety, application of these codes ensures that the best practice is used in construction. Building codes, however, do not always require the upgrading of older structures to new code requirements. Consequently, many older structures may not be as resistant to earthquake shaking as new ones. For older structures, retrofitting is required to bring them up to code. Seismic provisions in codes also generally do not apply to nonstructural elements such as drywall, heating systems, and shelving. Frequently, nonstructural damage dominates the earthquake loss.\r\n\r\nMitigation of potential liquefaction in Oceano presently is voluntary for existing buildings, but required by San Luis Obispo County for new construction. Multiple mitigation procedures are available to individual property owners. These procedures typically involve either ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041269","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., Noce, T.E., Bennett, M.J., Di Alessandro, C., Boatwright, J., Tinsley, J., Sell, R., and Rosenberg, L.I., 2004, Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading in Oceano, California, during the 2003 San Simeon Earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1269, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041269.","productDescription":"51 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5993,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1269/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4a09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noce, Thomas E. tnoce@usgs.gov","contributorId":3174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noce","given":"Thomas","email":"tnoce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, Michael J. mjbennett@usgs.gov","contributorId":2783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Michael","email":"mjbennett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Di Alessandro, Carola","contributorId":43436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Di Alessandro","given":"Carola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boatwright, John 0000-0002-6931-5241 boat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-5241","contributorId":1938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"John","email":"boat@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tinsley, John C. III jtinsley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"John C.","suffix":"III","email":"jtinsley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":257689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sell, Russell W.","contributorId":49046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sell","given":"Russell W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rosenberg, Lewis I.","contributorId":12073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":57970,"text":"ofr20041282 - 2004 - Using twelve years of USGS refraction lines to calibrate the Brocher and others (1997) 3D velocity model of the Bay Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T19:14:07.434524","indexId":"ofr20041282","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1282","title":"Using twelve years of USGS refraction lines to calibrate the Brocher and others (1997) 3D velocity model of the Bay Area","docAbstract":"Campbell (1983) demonstrated that site amplification correlates with depths to the 1.0, 1.5, and 2.5 km/s S-wave velocity horizons. To estimate these depths for the Bay Area stations in the PEER/NGA database, we compare the depths to the 3.2 and 4.4 km/s P-wave velocities in the Brocher and others (1997) 3D velocity model with the depths to these horizons determined from 6 refraction lines shot in the Bay Area from 1991 to 2003. These refraction lines range from two recent 20 km lines that extend from Los Gatos to downtown San Jose, and from downtown San Jose into Alum Rock Park, to two older 200 km lines than run axially from Hollister up the San Francisco Peninsula to Inverness and from Hollister up the East Bay across San Pablo Bay to Santa Rosa. Comparison of these cross-sections with the Brocher and others (1997) model indicates that the 1.5 km/s S-wave horizon, which we correlate with the 3.2 km/s P-wave horizon, is the most reliable horizon that can be extracted from the Brocher and others (1997) velocity model. We determine simple adjustments to bring the Brocher and others (1997) 3.2 and 4.4 km/s P-wave horizons into an average agreement with the refraction results. Then we apply these adjustments to estimate depths to the 1.5 and 2.5 km/s S-wave horizons beneath the strong motion stations in the PEER/NGA database.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041282","usgsCitation":"Boatwright, J., Blair, L., Catchings, R., Goldman, M., Perosi, F., and Steedman, C., 2004, Using twelve years of USGS refraction lines to calibrate the Brocher and others (1997) 3D velocity model of the Bay Area (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1282, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041282.","productDescription":"34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":408407,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68376.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":5931,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1282/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"48","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.75,\n 36.6667\n ],\n [\n -121.1167,\n 36.6667\n ],\n [\n -121.1167,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 36.6667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602e1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boatwright, John 0000-0002-6931-5241 boat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-5241","contributorId":1938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"John","email":"boat@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blair, Luke","contributorId":26016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"Luke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Catchings, Rufus","contributorId":84449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldman, Mark","contributorId":21637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perosi, Fabio","contributorId":47029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perosi","given":"Fabio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steedman, Clare","contributorId":103741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steedman","given":"Clare","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":56322,"text":"ofr20041254 - 2004 - Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, streambed sediments, and the general hydrology and water quality for the Frohner Meadows area, upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56322,"text":"ofr20041254 - 2004 - Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, streambed sediments, and the general hydrology and water quality for the Frohner Meadows area, upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana","indexId":"ofr20041254","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, streambed sediments, and the general hydrology and water quality for the Frohner Meadows area, upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":76323,"text":"sir20055265 - 2006 - Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, and stream bed sediment and the general hydrology and water quality of the Frohner Meadows area, Upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana","indexId":"sir20055265","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, and stream bed sediment and the general hydrology and water quality of the Frohner Meadows area, Upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":76323,"text":"sir20055265 - 2006 - Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, and stream bed sediment and the general hydrology and water quality of the Frohner Meadows area, Upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana","indexId":"sir20055265","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, and stream bed sediment and the general hydrology and water quality of the Frohner Meadows area, Upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-09T19:26:13.548225","indexId":"ofr20041254","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1254","title":"Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, streambed sediments, and the general hydrology and water quality for the Frohner Meadows area, upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana","docAbstract":"Frohner Meadows, an area of low-topographic gradient subalpine ponds and wetlands in glaciated terrane near the headwaters of Lump Gulch (a tributary of Prickly Pear Creek), is located about 15 miles west of the town of Clancy, Montana, in the Helena National Forest. Mining and ore treatment of lead-zinc-silver veins in granitic rocks of the Boulder batholith over the last 120 years from two sites (Frohner mine and the Nellie Grant mine) has resulted in accumulations of mine waste and mill tailings that have been distributed downslope and downstream by anthropogenic and natural processes. \r\nThis report presents the results of an investigation of the geochemistry of the wetlands, streams, and unconsolidated-sediment deposits and the hydrology, hydrogeology, and water quality of the area affected by these sources of ore-related metals. Ground water sampled from most shallow wells in the meadow system contained high concentrations of arsenic, exceeding the Montana numeric water-quality standard for human health. Transport of cadmium and zinc in ground water is indicated at one site near Nellie Grant Creek based on water-quality data from one well near the creek. Mill tailings deposited in upper Frohner Meadow contribute large arsenic loads to Frohner Meadows Creek; Nellie Grant Creek contributes large arsenic, cadmium, and zinc loads to upper Frohner Meadows. Concentrations of total-recoverable cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in most surface-water sites downstream from the Nellie Grant mine area exceeded Montana aquatic-life standards. Nearly all samples of surface water and ground water had neutral to slightly alkaline pH values. \r\nConcentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc in streambed sediment in the entire meadow below the mine waste and mill tailings accumulations are highly enriched relative to regional watershed-background concentrations and exceed consensus-based, probable-effects concentrations for streambed sediment at most sites. Cadmium, copper, and zinc typically are adsorbed to the surface coatings of streambed-sediment grains. Mine waste and mill tailings contain high concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in a quartz-rich matrix. Most of the waste sites that were sampled had low acid-generating capacity, although one site (fine-grained mill tailings from the Nellie Grant mine deposited in the upper part of lower Frohner Meadows) had extremely high acid-generating potential because of abundant fine-grained pyrite. \r\nTwo distinct sites were identified as metal sources based on streambed-sediment samples, cores in the meadow substrate, and mine and mill-tailings samples. The Frohner mine and mill site contribute material rich in arsenic and lead; similar material from the Nellie Grant mine and mill site is rich in cadmium and zinc.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041254","usgsCitation":"Klein, T.L., Cannon, M.R., and Fey, D.L., 2004, Geochemistry of mine waste and mill tailings, meadow deposits, streambed sediments, and the general hydrology and water quality for the Frohner Meadows area, upper Lump Gulch, Jefferson County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1254, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041254.","productDescription":"68 p.","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402021,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_68251.htm"},{"id":5698,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1254/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Frohner Meadows area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.2192,\n 46.4333\n ],\n [\n -112.1872,\n 46.4333\n ],\n [\n -112.1872,\n 46.4539\n ],\n [\n -112.2192,\n 46.4539\n ],\n [\n -112.2192,\n 46.4333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab64e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Terry L. tklein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry","email":"tklein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, Michael R.","contributorId":37411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":54249,"text":"ofr2003380 - 2004 - Analytical results from ground-water sampling using a direct-push technique at the Dover National Test Site, Dover Air Force Base, Delaware, June-July 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T13:14:48.807612","indexId":"ofr2003380","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-380","title":"Analytical results from ground-water sampling using a direct-push technique at the Dover National Test Site, Dover Air Force Base, Delaware, June-July 2001","docAbstract":"A joint study by the Dover National Test Site and the U.S. Geological Survey was conducted from June 27 through July 18, 2001 to determine the spatial distribution of the gasoline oxygenate additive methyl tert-butyl ether and selected water-quality constituents in the surficial aquifer underlying the Dover National Test Site at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware. The study was conducted to support a planned enhanced bio-remediation demonstration and to assist the Dover National Test Site in identifying possible locations for future methyl tert-butyl ether remediation demonstrations.\r\n\r\nThis report presents the analytical results from ground-water samples collected during the direct-push ground-water sampling study. A direct-push drill rig was used to quickly collect 115 ground-water samples over a large area at varying depths. The ground-water samples and associated quality-control samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds and methyl tert-butyl ether by the Dover National Test Site analytical laboratory.\r\n\r\nVolatile organic compounds were above the method reporting limits in 59 of the 115 ground-water samples. The concentrations ranged from below detection limits to maximum values of 12.4 micrograms per liter of cis-1,2-dichloroethene, 1.14 micrograms per liter of trichloroethene, 2.65 micrograms per liter of tetrachloroethene, 1,070 micrograms per liter of methyl tert-butyl ether, 4.36 micrograms per liter of benzene, and 1.8 micrograms per liter of toluene. Vinyl chloride, ethylbenzene, p,m-xylene, and o-xylene were not detected in any of the samples collected during this investigation. Methyl tert-butyl ether was detected in 47 of the 115 ground-water samples. The highest methyl tert-butyl ether concentrations were found in the surficial aquifer from -4.6 to 6.4 feet mean sea level, however, methyl tert-butyl ether was detected as deep as -9.5 feet mean sea level. Increased methane concentrations and decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations were found in samples that contained methyl tert-butyl ether.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003380","usgsCitation":"Guertal, W.R., Stewart, M., Barbaro, J.R., and McHale, T.J., 2004, Analytical results from ground-water sampling using a direct-push technique at the Dover National Test Site, Dover Air Force Base, Delaware, June-July 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-380, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003380.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","temporalStart":"2001-06-01","temporalEnd":"2001-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9037,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr03-380/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c585","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guertal, William R. wguertal@usgs.gov","contributorId":3792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertal","given":"William","email":"wguertal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":249657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Marie","contributorId":100931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Marie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barbaro, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-6107-2142 jrbarbar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2142","contributorId":1626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrbarbar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McHale, Timthoy J.","contributorId":42650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"Timthoy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":56772,"text":"ofr20041195 - 2004 - Assigning boundary conditions to the Southern Inland and Coastal Systems (SICS) model using results from the South Florida Water Management Model (SFWMM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:23:11.877988","indexId":"ofr20041195","displayToPublicDate":"2004-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1195","displayTitle":"Assigning Boundary Conditions to the Southern Inland and Coastal Systems (SICS) Model Using Results from the South Florida Water Management Model (SFWMM)","title":"Assigning boundary conditions to the Southern Inland and Coastal Systems (SICS) model using results from the South Florida Water Management Model (SFWMM)","docAbstract":"The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) requires the testing and evaluation of different water-management scenarios for southern Florida. As part of CERP, the South Florida Water Management District is using its regional hydrologic model, the South Florida Water Management Model (SFWMM), to evaluate different hydrologic scenarios. The SFWMM was designed specifically for the inland freshwater areas in southern Florida, and extends only slightly into Florida Bay. Thus, the U.S. Geological Survey developed the Southern Inland and Coastal Systems (SICS) model, which is an integrated surface-water and ground-water model designed to simulate flows, stages, and salinities in the southern Everglades and Florida Bay. Modifications to the SICS boundary conditions allow the local-scale SICS model to be linked to the regional-scale SFWMM. The linked model will be used to quantify the effects of restoration alternatives on flows, stages, and salinities in the SICS area. This report describes the procedure for linking the SICS model with the SFWMM. The linkage is shown to work by comparing the results of a linked 5-year simulation with the results from a simulation in which the model boundaries are assigned using field data.
The surface-water module of the SICS model is driven by areal influences and lateral boundaries. The areal influences (wind, rainfall, and evapotranspiration) remain the same when the SICS model is modified to link to the SFWMM. Four types of lateral boundaries (discharge, water level, no flow, and salinity) are used in the SICS model. Two of three discharge boundaries (at Taylor Slough Bridge and C-111 Canal) in the current SICS model domain are converted to water-level boundaries to increase accuracy. The only change to the third discharge boundary (at Levee 31W) is that the flow data are derived from SFWMM model output instead of using measured field data flows. Three water-level boundaries are modified only by receiving their data from SFWMM model output data. Additionally, two marine water-level boundaries remain the same because the SFWMM does not include Florida Bay and, therefore, this model cannot provide input data for these boundaries. The SICS no-flow boundaries remain intact because no additional data, provided by the SFWMM, suggest that any significant flow occurs along these boundaries. The Florida Bay salinity boundary is not modified because the SFWMM does not contain any salinity data that can be used to modify the model.
The ground-water module of the SICS model contains a general-head boundary and a no-flow boundary. The general-head boundary, which extends along the edges of the wetland part of the SICS model domain, is modified by acquiring stage values from SFWMM cells that correspond in location to the SICS model cells. Values from the SFWMM cells are bilinearly interpolated and assigned to the appropriate SICS general-head boundary cells in all layers of the ground-water model. The ground-water no-flow boundary in Florida Bay is unaltered because the SFWMM does not include this area.
A 5-year simulation was developed to test the linkage of the SICS model with the SFWMM. Results from the linked model are similar to those obtained from the original SICS model in which boundaries are assigned using field data. The simulated discharges at the coastal creeks along Florida Bay are about 5 percent lower than the field data simulation; water levels in the wetlands are about 4 percent lower, and salinities at the various coastal creeks are slightly higher.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041195","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Science Program and the National Park Service Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative","usgsCitation":"Wolfert, M.A., Langevin, C.D., and Swain, E.D., 2004, Assigning Boundary Conditions to the Southern Inland and Coastal Systems (SICS) Model Using Results from the South Florida Water Management Model (SFWMM): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004–1195, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041195.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5658,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1195/ofr20041195.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.88 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2004-1195"},{"id":174732,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1195/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.9892816941955,\n 28.487641299054857\n ],\n [\n -82.9892816941955,\n 24.445600274225853\n ],\n [\n -79.75370447011599,\n 24.445600274225853\n ],\n [\n -79.75370447011599,\n 28.487641299054857\n ],\n [\n -82.9892816941955,\n 28.487641299054857\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314