{"pageNumber":"2205","pageRowStart":"55100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184606,"records":[{"id":70033726,"text":"70033726 - 2008 - Land management impacts on dairy-derived dissolved organic carbon in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033726","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land management impacts on dairy-derived dissolved organic carbon in ground water","docAbstract":"Dairy operations have the potential to elevate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels in ground water, where it may interact with organic and inorganic contaminants, fuel denitrification, and may present problems for drinking water treatment. Total and percent bioavailable DOC and total and carbon-specific trihalomethane (THM) formation potential (TTHMFP and STHMFP, respectively) were determined for shallow ground water samples from beneath a dairy farm in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Sixteen wells influenced by specific land management areas were sampled over 3 yr. Measured DOC concentrations were significantly elevated over the background as measured at an upgradient monitoring well, ranging from 13 to 55 mg L-1 in wells downgradient from wastewater ponds, 8 to 30 mg L-1 in corral wells, 5 to 12 mg L-1 in tile drains, and 4 to 15 mg L-1 in wells associated with manured fields. These DOC concentrations were at the upper range or greatly exceeded concentrations in most surface water bodies used as drinking water sources in California. DOC concentrations in individual wells varied by up to a factor of two over the duration of this study, indicating a dynamic system of sources and degradation. DOC bioavailability over 21 d ranged from 3 to 10%, comparable to surface water systems and demonstrating the potential for dairy-derived DOC to influence dissolved oxygen concentrations (nearly all wells were hypoxic to anoxic) and denitrification. TTHMFP measurements across all management units ranged from 141 to 1731 ??g L-1, well in excess of the maximum contaminant level of 80 ??g L-1 established by the Environmental Protection Agency. STHMFP measurements demonstrated over twofold variation (???4 to ???8 mmol total THM/mol DOC) across the management areas, indicating the dependence of reactivity on DOC composition. The results indicate that land management strongly controls the quantity and quality of DOC to reach shallow ground water and hence should be considered when managing ground water resources and in any efforts to mitigate contamination of ground water with carbon-based contaminants, such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0183","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Chomycia, J., Hernes, P., Harter, T., and Bergamaschi, B., 2008, Land management impacts on dairy-derived dissolved organic carbon in ground water: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 2, p. 333-343, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0183.","startPage":"333","endPage":"343","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476909,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0183","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214173,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0183"},{"id":241867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a41abe4b0c8380cd656da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chomycia, J.C.","contributorId":49197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chomycia","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hernes, P.J.","contributorId":89651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harter, T.","contributorId":62844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harter","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033727,"text":"70033727 - 2008 - Sediment organic carbon burial in agriculturally eutrophic impoundments over the last century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:36:29","indexId":"70033727","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment organic carbon burial in agriculturally eutrophic impoundments over the last century","docAbstract":"We estimated organic carbon (OC) burial over the past century in 40 impoundments in one of the most intensively agricultural regions of the world. The volume of sediment deposited per unit time varied as a function of lake and watershed size, but smaller impoundments had greater deposition and accumulation rates per unit area. Annual water storage losses varied from 0.1-20% and were negatively correlated with impoundment size. Estimated sediment OC content was greatest in lakes with low ratios of watershed to impoundment area. Sediment OC burial rates were higher than those assumed for fertile impoundments by previous studies and were much higher than those measured in natural lakes. OC burial ranged from a high of 17,000 g C m-2 a-1 to a low of 148 g C m-2 a-1 and was significantly greater in small impoundments than large ones. The OC buried in these lakes originates in both autochthonous and allochthonous production. These analyses suggest that OC sequestration in moderate to large impoundments may be double the rate assumed in previous analyses. Extrapolation suggests that they may bury 4 times as much carbon (C) as the world's oceans. The world's farm ponds alone may bury more OC than the oceans and 33% as much as the world's rivers deliver to the sea. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006GB002854","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Downing, J.A., Cole, J.J., Middelburg, J.J., Striegl, R.G., Duarte, C., Kortelainen, P., Prairie, Y., and Laube, K., 2008, Sediment organic carbon burial in agriculturally eutrophic impoundments over the last century: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 22, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002854.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476915,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gb002854","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214174,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002854"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b89a1e4b08c986b316e48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downing, J. A.","contributorId":100466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, J. J.","contributorId":25746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middelburg, J. J.","contributorId":105417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middelburg","given":"J.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":442171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duarte, C.M.","contributorId":64017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duarte","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kortelainen, Pirkko","contributorId":43130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kortelainen","given":"Pirkko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Prairie, Y.T.","contributorId":72191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prairie","given":"Y.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Laube, K.A.","contributorId":18986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laube","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033256,"text":"70033256 - 2008 - Late Devonian glacial deposits from the eastern United States signal an end of the mid-Paleozoic warm period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-04T11:25:33","indexId":"70033256","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Devonian glacial deposits from the eastern United States signal an end of the mid-Paleozoic warm period","docAbstract":"<p><span>A&nbsp;Late Devonian&nbsp;polymictic&nbsp;diamictite&nbsp;extends for more than 400&nbsp;km from northeastern Pennsylvania across western Maryland and into east-central West Virginia. The matrix-supported, unbedded, locally sheared diamictite contains subangular to rounded&nbsp;clasts&nbsp;up to 2&nbsp;m in diameter. The mostly rounded clasts are both locally derived and exotic; some exhibit&nbsp;striations, faceting, and polish. The diamictite commonly is overlain by laminated siltstone/mudstone&nbsp;facies&nbsp;associations (laminites). The laminites contain isolated clasts&nbsp;ranging&nbsp;in size from sand and&nbsp;pebbles&nbsp;to boulders, some of which are striated. The diamictite/laminite sequence is capped by massive, coarse-grained, pebbly&nbsp;sandstone&nbsp;that is trough cross-bedded. A stratigraphic change from red, calcic paleo-Vertisols in&nbsp;</span>strata<span>&nbsp;below the diamictite to non-calcic paleo-Spodosols and&nbsp;coal beds&nbsp;at and above the diamictite interval suggests that the climate became much wetter during deposition of the diamictite. The diamictite deposit is contemporaneous with regressive facies that reflect fluvial incision during the Late Devonian of the Appalachian basin. These deposits record a Late Devonian episode of climatic cooling so extreme that it produced&nbsp;glaciation&nbsp;in the Appalachian basin. Evidence for this episode of climatic cooling is preserved as the interpreted&nbsp;glacial deposits&nbsp;of diamictite, overlain by glaciolacustrine&nbsp;varves&nbsp;containing dropstones, and capped by sandstone interpreted as braided stream&nbsp;outwash.</span></p><p>The Appalachian glacigenic deposits are contemporaneous with glacial deposits in South America, and suggest that Late Devonian climatic cooling was global. This period of dramatic global cooling may represent the end of the mid-Paleozoic warm interval that began in the Middle<span>&nbsp;</span>Silurian.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.042","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Brezinski, D., Cecil, C.B., Skema, V., and Stamm, R., 2008, Late Devonian glacial deposits from the eastern United States signal an end of the mid-Paleozoic warm period: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 268, no. 3-4, p. 143-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.042.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.5517578125,\n              38.53097889440024\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0361328125,\n              38.53097889440024\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0361328125,\n              40.04443758460856\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5517578125,\n              40.04443758460856\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5517578125,\n              38.53097889440024\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"268","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44dee4b0c8380cd66e66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brezinski, D. K.","contributorId":39010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brezinski","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cecil, C. B. 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":62204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skema, V.W.","contributorId":23339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skema","given":"V.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stamm, R. 0000-0001-9141-5364","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9141-5364","contributorId":78942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033257,"text":"70033257 - 2008 - A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:12:33","indexId":"70033257","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">A method was developed for the analysis of over 60 pesticides and degradates in water by HLB solid-phase extraction and gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. Method recoveries and detection limits were determined using two surface waters with different dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. In the lower DOC water, recoveries and detection limits were 80%–108% and 1–12&nbsp;ng/L, respectively. In the higher DOC water, the detection limits were slightly higher (1–15&nbsp;ng/L). Additionally, surface water samples from four sites were analyzed and 14 pesticides were detected with concentrations ranging from 4 to 1,200&nbsp;ng/L.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00128-007-9332-2","issn":"00074861","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., Smalling, K., and Kuivila, K., 2008, A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 80, no. 2, p. 139-144, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9332-2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"144","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213190,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9332-2"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48be4b0c8380cd466e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, M.L. 0000-0002-0891-2712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":51111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smalling, K.L.","contributorId":66068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033259,"text":"70033259 - 2008 - Fall diets of red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) and walleye (Sander vitreus) in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033259","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fall diets of red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) and walleye (Sander vitreus) in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie","docAbstract":"Although published studies indicate the contrary, there is concern among many sport anglers that migrating red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) and other waterbirds pose a competitive threat to sport fish species such as walleye (Sander vitreus) in Lake Erie. We quantified the diet of autumn-migrant mergansers and walleye during 1998-2000 in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie. We hypothesized that the diets of both predators would be similar in species composition, but because of different foraging ecologies their diets would differ markedly in size of prey consumed. In addition to predator samples, we used trawl data from the same general area as an index of prey availability. We found that mergansers fed almost exclusively on fish (nine species). Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) were consumed in the greatest numbers, most frequently and comprised the greatest biomass. Walleye fed exclusively on fish: gizzard shad, alewife (Alosa psuedoharengus) and emerald shiner were consumed in the greatest numbers, most frequently and comprised the greatest biomass. Diet overlap between mergansers and walleye was 67% by weight and 66% by species frequency. Mean total lengths of gizzard shad, emerald shiner and round goby found in walleye stomachs exceeded those captured in trawls by 47%, on average. Mean total lengths of gizzard shad, emerald shiner and round goby were greater in walleye stomachs than in merganser stomachs. Mean total lengths of emerald shiner and round goby were less in merganser stomachs than in trawls. Our results suggest that although the diets of walleye and mergansers overlapped considerably, mergansers generally consumed smaller fish than walleye. Given the abundance and diversity of prey species available, and the transient nature of mergansers on Lake Erie during migration, we conclude that competition for food between these species is minimal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Midland Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[147:FDORMM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Bur, M., Stapanian, M., Bernhardt, G., and Turner, M., 2008, Fall diets of red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) and walleye (Sander vitreus) in Sandusky Bay and adjacent waters of western Lake Erie: American Midland Naturalist, v. 159, no. 1, p. 147-161, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[147:FDORMM]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"147","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213220,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[147:FDORMM]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":240824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ee5e4b0c8380cd53693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bur, M.T.","contributorId":58215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bur","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stapanian, M.A.","contributorId":65437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernhardt, G.","contributorId":48837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, M.W.","contributorId":25424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033261,"text":"70033261 - 2008 - Identification, prediction, and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033261","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Identification, prediction, and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas","docAbstract":"Sinkholes usually have a higher probability of occurrence and a greater genetic diversity in evaporite terrains than in carbonate karst areas. This is because evaporites have a higher solubility and, commonly, a lower mechanical strength. Subsidence damage resulting from evaporite dissolution generates substantial losses throughout the world, but the causes are only well understood in a few areas. To deal with these hazards, a phased approach is needed for sinkhole identification, investigation, prediction, and mitigation. Identification techniques include field surveys and geomorphological mapping combined with accounts from local people and historical sources. Detailed sinkhole maps can be constructed from sequential historical maps, recent topographical maps, and digital elevation models (DEMs) complemented with building-damage surveying, remote sensing, and high-resolution geodetic surveys. On a more detailed level, information from exposed paleosubsidence features (paleokarst), speleological explorations, geophysical investigations, trenching, dating techniques, and boreholes may help in investigating dissolution and subsidence features. Information on the hydrogeological pathways including caves, springs, and swallow holes are particularly important especially when corroborated by tracer tests. These diverse data sources make a valuable database-the karst inventory. From this dataset, sinkhole susceptibility zonations (relative probability) may be produced based on the spatial distribution of the features and good knowledge of the local geology. Sinkhole distribution can be investigated by spatial distribution analysis techniques including studies of preferential elongation, alignment, and nearest neighbor analysis. More objective susceptibility models may be obtained by analyzing the statistical relationships between the known sinkholes and the conditioning factors. Chronological information on sinkhole formation is required to estimate the probability of occurrence of sinkholes (number of sinkholes/km2 year). Such spatial and temporal predictions, frequently derived from limited records and based on the assumption that past sinkhole activity may be extrapolated to the future, are non-corroborated hypotheses. Validation methods allow us to assess the predictive capability of the susceptibility maps and to transform them into probability maps. Avoiding the most hazardous areas by preventive planning is the safest strategy for development in sinkhole-prone areas. Corrective measures could be applied to reduce the dissolution activity and subsidence processes. A more practical solution for safe development is to reduce the vulnerability of the structures by using subsidence-proof designs. ?? 2007 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-007-0728-4","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Gutierrez, F., Cooper, A., and Johnson, K., 2008, Identification, prediction, and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas, <i>in</i> Environmental Geology, v. 53, no. 5, p. 1007-1022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0728-4.","startPage":"1007","endPage":"1022","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476743,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/6745/1/Gutierrez_Cooper_Johnson_Env__Geol_V53_1007-1022.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213253,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0728-4"},{"id":240860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3844e4b0c8380cd614de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrez, F.","contributorId":79309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, A.H.","contributorId":30046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, K.S.","contributorId":24385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033263,"text":"70033263 - 2008 - Phylogenetic and ecological characteristics associated with thiaminase activity in Laurentian Great Lakes fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033263","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phylogenetic and ecological characteristics associated with thiaminase activity in Laurentian Great Lakes fishes","docAbstract":"Thiamine deficiency complex (TDC) causes mortality and sublethal effects in Great Lakes salmonines and results from low concentrations of egg thiamine that are thought to be caused by thiaminolytic enzymes (i.e., thiaminase) present in the diet. This complex has the potential to undermine efforts to restore lake trout Salvelinus namaycush and severely restrict salmonid production in the Great Lakes. Although thiaminase has been found in a variety of Great Lakes fishes, the ultimate source of thiaminase in Great Lakes fishes is currently unknown. We used logistic regression analysis to investigate relationships between thiaminase activity and phylogenetic or ecological characteristics of 39 Great Lakes fish species. The taxonomically more ancestral species were more likely to show thiaminase activity than the more derived species. Species that feed at lower trophic levels and occupy benthic habitats also appeared to be more likely to show thiaminase activity; these variables were correlated with taxonomy, which was the most important predictor of thiaminase activity. Further analyses of the relationship between quantitative measures of thiaminase activity and ecological characteristics of Great Lakes fish species would provide greater insight into potential sources and pathways of thiaminase in Great Lakes food webs. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T06-210.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Riley, S., and Evans, A., 2008, Phylogenetic and ecological characteristics associated with thiaminase activity in Laurentian Great Lakes fishes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 1, p. 147-157, https://doi.org/10.1577/T06-210.1.","startPage":"147","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213285,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T06-210.1"},{"id":240895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a4de4b0c8380cd78e3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riley, S.C.","contributorId":71378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, A.N.","contributorId":51097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033264,"text":"70033264 - 2008 - Arrested development of the myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus cerebralis, in certain populations of mitochondrial 16S lineage III Tubifex tubifex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033264","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3012,"text":"Parasitology Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arrested development of the myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus cerebralis, in certain populations of mitochondrial 16S lineage III Tubifex tubifex","docAbstract":"Laboratory populations of Tubifex tubifex from mitochondrial (mt)16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) lineage III were generated from single cocoons of adult worms releasing the triactinomyxon stages (TAMs) of the myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus cerebralis. Subsequent worm populations from these cocoons, referred to as clonal lines, were tested for susceptibility to infection with the myxospore stages of M. cerebralis. Development and release of TAMs occurred in five clonal lines, while four clonal lines showed immature parasitic forms that were not expelled from the worm (non-TAM producers). Oligochaetes from TAM- and non-TAM-producing clonal lines were confirmed as lineage III based on mt16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) sequences, but these genes did not differentiate these phenotypes. In contrast, random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses of genomic DNA demonstrated unique banding patterns that distinguished the phenotypes. Cohabitation of parasite-exposed TAM- and non-TAM-producing phenotypes showed an overall decrease in expected TAM production compared to the same exposure dose of the TAM-producing phenotype without cohabitation. These studies suggest that differences in susceptibility to parasite infection can occur in genetically similar T. tubifex populations, and their coexistence may affect overall M. cerebralis production, a factor that may influence the severity of whirling disease in wild trout populations. ?? 2007 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Parasitology Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00436-007-0750-1","issn":"09320113","usgsCitation":"Baxa, D., Kelley, G., Mukkatira, K., Beauchamp, K., Rasmussen, C., and Hedrick, R., 2008, Arrested development of the myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus cerebralis, in certain populations of mitochondrial 16S lineage III Tubifex tubifex: Parasitology Research, v. 102, no. 2, p. 219-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0750-1.","startPage":"219","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213286,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0750-1"},{"id":240896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed84e4b0c8380cd4985b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baxa, D.V.","contributorId":22155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baxa","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, G.O.","contributorId":47156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"G.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mukkatira, K.S.","contributorId":107105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukkatira","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beauchamp, K.A.","contributorId":59232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rasmussen, C.","contributorId":66392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hedrick, R.P.","contributorId":76431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033265,"text":"70033265 - 2008 - The A and m coefficients in the Bruun/Dean equilibrium profile equation seen from the Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033265","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The A and m coefficients in the Bruun/Dean equilibrium profile equation seen from the Arctic","docAbstract":"The Bruun/Dean relation between water depth and distance from the shore with a constant profile shape factor is widely used to describe shoreface profiles in temperate environments. However, it has been shown that the sediment scale parameter (A) and the profile shape factor (m) are interrelated variables. An analysis of 63 Arctic erosional shoreface profiles shows that both coefficients are highly variable. Relative frequency of the average m value is only 16% by the class width 0.1. No other m value frequency exceeds 21%. Therefore, there is insufficient reason to use average m to characterize Arctic shoreface profile shape. The shape of each profile has a definite combination of A and m values. Coefficients A and m show a distinct inverse relationship, as in temperate climate. A dependence of m values on coastal sediment grain size is seen, and m decreases with increasing grain size. With constant m = 0.67, parameter A obtains a dimension unit m1/3. But A equals the water depth in meters 1 m from the water edge. This fact and the variability of parameter m testify that the Bruun/Dean equation is essentially an empirical formula. There is no need to give any measurement unit to parameter A. But the International System of Units (SI) has to be used in applying the Bruun/Dean equation for shoreface profiles. A comparison of the shape of Arctic shoreface profiles with those of temperate environments shows surprising similarity. Therefore, the conclusions reached in this Arctic paper seem to apply also to temperate environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/05-0572.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Are, F., and Reimnitz, E., 2008, The A and m coefficients in the Bruun/Dean equilibrium profile equation seen from the Arctic: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 24, no. 2 SUPPL. B, p. 243-249, https://doi.org/10.2112/05-0572.1.","startPage":"243","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213313,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/05-0572.1"},{"id":240925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2 SUPPL. B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba65be4b08c986b32109d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Are, F.","contributorId":46772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Are","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033266,"text":"70033266 - 2008 - American pikas (Ochotona princeps) in northwestern Nevada: A newly discovered population at a low-elevation site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033266","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"American pikas (Ochotona princeps) in northwestern Nevada: A newly discovered population at a low-elevation site","docAbstract":"The central tenet of island biogeography theory - that species assemblages on islands are functions of island area, isolation from mainlands, and vicariance - has been altered by the demonstrable effects that rapid climate change is imposing on insular faunas, at least in isolated mountaintops. Although populations of American pikas (Ochotona princeps) continue to suffer extirpations, and although the lower bounds of the pika's elevational distribution are shifting upslope across the Great Basin, we report here on the new discovery of a low-elevation population of pikas in a mountain range from which they had not been reported previously. This discovery, particularly in the context of relatively rapid ecological change, highlights the importance of seeking out original sources of information and performing spatially extensive fieldwork. Results presented here further illustrate that although thermal influences appear to be the single strongest determinant of pika distribution currently, such influences interact with a number of other factors to determine persistence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3398/1527-0904(2008)68[8:APOPIN]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Beever, E., Wilkening, J., McIvor, D., Weber, S., and Brussard, P., 2008, American pikas (Ochotona princeps) in northwestern Nevada: A newly discovered population at a low-elevation site: Western North American Naturalist, v. 68, no. 1, p. 8-14, https://doi.org/10.3398/1527-0904(2008)68[8:APOPIN]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"8","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488070,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol68/iss1/2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213314,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/1527-0904(2008)68[8:APOPIN]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":240926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9b5e4b0c8380cd483d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, E.A.","contributorId":80040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilkening, J.L.","contributorId":59259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkening","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIvor, D.E.","contributorId":75825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, S.S.","contributorId":37218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brussard, P. F.","contributorId":63335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brussard","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033435,"text":"70033435 - 2008 - Source and transport controls on the movement of nitrate to public supply wells in selected principal aquifers of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T09:38:16","indexId":"70033435","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source and transport controls on the movement of nitrate to public supply wells in selected principal aquifers of the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 2003–2005, systematic studies in four contrasting hydrogeologic settings were undertaken to improve understanding of source and transport controls on nitrate movement to public supply wells (PSW) in principal aquifers of the United States. Chemical, isotopic, and age tracer data show that agricultural fertilizers and urban septic leachate were the primary sources of large nitrate concentrations in PSW capture zones at Modesto, California (Central Valley aquifer system) and York, Nebraska (High Plains aquifer). Urban septic leachate and fertilizer (possibly nonfarm) were the primary sources of large nitrate concentrations in PSW capture zones at Woodbury, Connecticut (glacial aquifer system), and Tampa, Florida (Floridan aquifer system), respectively. Nitrate fluxes to the water table were larger in agricultural settings than urban settings, indicating that it would be beneficial to reduce PSW capture zone areas in agricultural regions. Mixing calculations indicate that about 50 to 85% of the nitrate in water from the PSW could be from those modern anthropogenic sources, with the remainder coming from sources in old (&gt;50 years) recharge or sources in young recharge in undisturbed settings such as forests. Excess N</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations and age tracers showed that denitrification at Modesto occurred gradually (first‐order rate constant of 0.02/a) in a thick reaction zone following a ∼30‐year lag time after recharge. Denitrification generally was not an important nitrate sink at Woodbury. At York and Tampa, denitrification occurred rapidly (0.5 to 6/a) in thin reaction zones in fine‐grained sediments that separated the anoxic PSW producing zones from overlying oxic, high‐nitrate ground water. Particle tracking showed that a major pathway by which anthropogenic nitrate reached the York and Tampa PSW was by movement through long well screens crossing multiple hydrogeologic units (York) and by movement through karst features (Tampa), processes which reduced ground water residence times in the denitrifying zones. These results illustrate how PSW vulnerability to nitrate contamination depends on complex variations and interactions between contaminant sources, reaction rates, transit times, mixing, and perturbation of ground water flow in contrasting hydrogeologic settings.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006252","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Böhlke, J., Kauffman, L.J., Kipp, K., Landon, M., Crandall, C.A., Burow, K., and Brown, C.J., 2008, Source and transport controls on the movement of nitrate to public supply wells in selected principal aquifers of the United States: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 4, Article W04401; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006252.","productDescription":"Article W04401; 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476760,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006252","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9322e4b08c986b31a2f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, L. J. 0000-0003-4564-0362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":65217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kipp, K.L.","contributorId":96715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kipp","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crandall, C. A.","contributorId":93943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burow, K.R. 0000-0001-6006-6667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":48283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"K.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, C. J.","contributorId":90342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033437,"text":"70033437 - 2008 - Influence of wind and lake morphometry on the interaction between two rivers entering a stratified lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T18:26:06.090157","indexId":"70033437","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of wind and lake morphometry on the interaction between two rivers entering a stratified lake","docAbstract":"<div class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1 hlFld-Abstract\"><p>The interaction of two rivers flowing into Coeur d’Alene Lake (United States) was investigated with a field experiment and three-dimensional numerical simulations. The focus was on the influence of basin morphology, wind speed, and wind direction on the fate and transport of the inflowing water. Data from the field campaign showed that intrusions from the two rivers propagated into the lake at different depths, with the trace element polluted Coeur d’Alene River flowing into the lake above the trace element poor and nutrient rich St. Joe River inflow. The inflows initially intruded horizontally into the lake at their level of neutral buoyancy and later mixed vertically. Model results revealed that, as the intrusions entered the main lake basin, a forced horizontal mode-two basin-scale internal wave interacted with the intrusions to frequently siphon them into the lake proper and where rapid vertical mixing followed. The results serve to show how detailed transport and mixing patterns in a lake can have important consequences for the plankton ecology in the lake.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:11(1579)","usgsCitation":"Morillo, S., Imberger, J., Antenucci, J., and Woods, P.F., 2008, Influence of wind and lake morphometry on the interaction between two rivers entering a stratified lake: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 134, no. 11, p. 1579-1589, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:11(1579).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1579","endPage":"1589","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d'Alene Lake, Coeur d'Alene River, St, Joe River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.95220947265624,\n              47.30903424774781\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.63635253906249,\n              47.30903424774781\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.63635253906249,\n              47.69497434186282\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.95220947265624,\n              47.69497434186282\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.95220947265624,\n              47.30903424774781\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"134","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b99e4b0c8380cd626b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morillo, S.","contributorId":7925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morillo","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Imberger, J.","contributorId":94116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imberger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antenucci, J.P.","contributorId":99392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antenucci","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woods, P. F.","contributorId":97509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033438,"text":"70033438 - 2008 - Computing nonhydrostatic shallow-water flow over steep terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T18:29:18.693751","indexId":"70033438","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computing nonhydrostatic shallow-water flow over steep terrain","docAbstract":"<div class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1 hlFld-Abstract\"><p>Flood and dambreak hazards are not limited to moderate terrain, yet most shallow-water models assume that flow occurs over gentle slopes. Shallow-water flow over rugged or steep terrain often generates significant nonhydrostatic pressures, violating the assumption of hydrostatic pressure made in most shallow-water codes. In this paper, we adapt a previously published nonhydrostatic granular flow model to simulate shallow-water flow, and we solve conservation equations using a finite volume approach and an Harten, Lax, Van Leer, and Einfeldt approximate Riemann solver that is modified for a sloping bed and transient wetting and drying conditions. To simulate bed friction, we use the law of the wall. We test the model by comparison with an analytical solution and with results of experiments in flumes that have steep (31°) or shallow (0.3°) slopes. The law of the wall provides an accurate prediction of the effect of bed roughness on mean flow velocity over two orders of magnitude of bed roughness. Our nonhydrostatic, law-of-the-wall flow simulation accurately reproduces flume measurements of front propagation speed, flow depth, and bed-shear stress for conditions of large bed roughness.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:11(1590)","usgsCitation":"Denlinger, R., and O’Connell, D.R., 2008, Computing nonhydrostatic shallow-water flow over steep terrain: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 134, no. 11, p. 1590-1602, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:11(1590).","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1590","endPage":"1602","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f977e4b0c8380cd4d605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denlinger, R.P.","contributorId":49367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connell, D. R. H.","contributorId":53606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033439,"text":"70033439 - 2008 - A model of earthquake triggering probabilities and application to dynamic deformations constrained by ground motion observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033439","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model of earthquake triggering probabilities and application to dynamic deformations constrained by ground motion observations","docAbstract":"We have used observations from Felzer and Brodsky (2006) of the variation of linear aftershock densities (i.e., aftershocks per unit length) with the magnitude of and distance from the main shock fault to derive constraints on how the probability of a main shock triggering a single aftershock at a point, P(r, D), varies as a function of distance, r, and main shock rupture dimension, D. We find that P(r, D) becomes independent of D as the triggering fault is approached. When r ??? D P(r, D) scales as Dm where m-2 and decays with distance approximately as r-n with n = 2, with a possible change to r-(n-1) at r > h, where h is the closest distance between the fault and the boundaries of the seismogenic zone. These constraints may be used to test hypotheses about the types of deformations and mechanisms that trigger aftershocks. We illustrate this using dynamic deformations (i.e., radiated seismic waves) and a posited proportionality with P(r, D). Deformation characteristics examined include peak displacements, peak accelerations and velocities (proportional to strain rates and strains, respectively), and two measures that account for cumulative deformations. Our model indicates that either peak strains alone or strain rates averaged over the duration of rupture may be responsible for aftershock triggering.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005184","issn":"01480","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., and Felzer, K., 2008, A model of earthquake triggering probabilities and application to dynamic deformations constrained by ground motion observations: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005184.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005184"},{"id":242146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e47fe4b0c8380cd4667e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Felzer, K.","contributorId":74970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felzer","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033440,"text":"70033440 - 2008 - Fish assemblages in a western Iowa stream modified by grade control structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033440","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish assemblages in a western Iowa stream modified by grade control structures","docAbstract":"Over 400 riprap grade control structures (GCSs) have been built in streams of western Iowa to reduce erosion and protect bridges, roads, and farmland. In conjunction with a companion study evaluating fish passage over GCSs in Turkey Creek, we evaluated the differences in fish assemblage and habitat characteristics in reaches immediately downstream from GCSs (GCS sites) and reaches at least 1 km from any GCS (non-GCS sites). The GCS sites were characterized by greater proportions of pool habitat, maximum depths, fish biomass, and abundance of juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides than were non-GCS sites. Index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores were poor or fair (<43 on a 0-100 scale) and not significantly different between the GCS and non-GCS sites. Additionally, we investigated both the longitudinal changes in fish assemblages in this GCS-fragmented stream and the changes in fish assemblages after slope modifications of three GCSs to facilitate fish passage. Thirteen fish species were present throughout the study area, whereas another 15 species exhibited truncated distributions not extending to the most upstream sampling location. After modification of the GCSs, IBI scores increased at seven of nine sites (mean increase =4.6 points). Also, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were detected 7.3 km upstream at sites where, 2 years before GCS modification, they had been absent from collections. Given the number and distribution of GCSs in western Iowa streams, understanding the effects of these structures is vital to the conservation and management of fish assemblages in this and other regions where GCSs or similar structures are used. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M07-098.1","issn":"02755","usgsCitation":"Litvan, M., Pierce, C., Stewart, T., and Larson, C., 2008, Fish assemblages in a western Iowa stream modified by grade control structures: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 5, p. 1398-1413, https://doi.org/10.1577/M07-098.1.","startPage":"1398","endPage":"1413","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487117,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/62","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214451,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M07-098.1"},{"id":242179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a107ee4b0c8380cd53cc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Litvan, M.E.","contributorId":67734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litvan","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, C.L. 0000-0001-5088-5431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":93606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, T.W.","contributorId":78558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larson, C.J.","contributorId":35957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033442,"text":"70033442 - 2008 - Sand composition and transport history on a fringing coral reef, Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033442","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sand composition and transport history on a fringing coral reef, Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Composition of sand grains from the beaches, reef flat, and fore reef of south Molokai, Hawaii, provides key information about the origin and transport history of sediment on the reef and adjacent beach. The most common grain types include coralline algae, coral, chemically altered carbonate, and siliciclastic grains. Minor components include calcareous algal plates (Halimeda), mollusk fragments, and foraminifera; in selected areas, these components are abundant. Similarities in composition indicate that sand grains are freely transported between the beach and the reef-flat environments, whereas the fore reef has limited exchange of sand with either the beach or the reef flat. Overall, the calcium carbonate fraction of the sand, silt, and clay increases with distance offshore from 400 to 650 m, where the percentages plateau and remain relatively stable across the fore reef. The calcium carbonate content of bottom sediment indicates that sand transport on the reef flat is generally shore parallel with little shore-normal movement. This study has implications for management of beaches and coastal resources along fringing coral reefs in that it documents the effectiveness of the wide reef flat and reef crest in blocking sand transport with the fore reef. It also indicates that sediment introduced to the inner reef flat is not quickly dispersed seaward and therefore has a relatively high residence time in that setting.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","language":"English","doi":"10.2112/06-0699.1","issn":"07490","usgsCitation":"Calhoun, R., and Field, M., 2008, Sand composition and transport history on a fringing coral reef, Molokai, Hawaii, <i>in</i> Journal of Coastal Research, v. 24, no. 5, p. 1151-1160, https://doi.org/10.2112/06-0699.1.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1160","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214483,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/06-0699.1"},{"id":242211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8690e4b08c986b315ffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calhoun, R.S.","contributorId":101840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calhoun","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033443,"text":"70033443 - 2008 - Three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure and precise earthquake relocation at Great Sitkin Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-28T10:54:12","indexId":"70033443","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure and precise earthquake relocation at Great Sitkin Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Waveform cross-correlation with bispectrum verification is combined with double-difference tomography to increase the precision of earthquake locations and constrain regional 3D&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>-wave velocity heterogeneity at Great Sitkin volcano, Alaska. From 1999 through 2005, the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) recorded &sim;1700 earthquakes in the vicinity of Great Sitkin, including two&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>L</span><span>&nbsp;4.3 earthquakes that are among the largest events in the AVO catalog. The majority of earthquakes occurred during 2002 and formed two temporally and spatially separate event sequences. The first sequence began on 17 March 2002 and was centered &sim;20 km west of the volcano. The second sequence occurred on the southeast flank of Great Sitkin and began 28 May 2002. It was preceded by two episodes of volcanic tremor. Earthquake relocations of this activity on the southeast flank define a vertical planar feature oriented radially from the summit and in the direction of the assumed regional maximum compressive stress due to convergence along the Alaska subduction zone. This swarm may have been caused or accompanied by the emplacement of a dike. Relocations of the mainshock&ndash;aftershock sequence occurring west of Great Sitkin are consistent with rupture on a strike-slip fault. Tomographic images support the presence of a vertically dipping fault striking parallel to the direction of convergence in this region. The remaining catalog hypocenters relocate along discrete features beneath the volcano summit; here, low&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>-wave velocities possibly indicate the presence of magma beneath the volcano.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120070213","issn":"00371","usgsCitation":"Pesicek, J., Thurber, C.H., DeShon, H.R., Prejean, S.G., and Zhang, H., 2008, Three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure and precise earthquake relocation at Great Sitkin Volcano, Alaska: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 5, p. 2428-2448, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070213.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2428","endPage":"2448","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214484,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120070213"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Great Sitkin volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -176.7,\n              51.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -176.7,\n              52.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.8,\n              52.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.8,\n              51.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -176.7,\n              51.8\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb31fe4b08c986b325bc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pesicek, Jeremy 0000-0001-7964-5845 jpesicek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-5845","contributorId":173180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pesicek","given":"Jeremy","email":"jpesicek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurber, Clifford H. 0000-0002-4940-4618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-4618","contributorId":73184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurber","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeShon, Heather R.","contributorId":48540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeShon","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhang, Haijiang","contributorId":174443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Haijiang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36359,"text":"University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033444,"text":"70033444 - 2008 - Geology of the Biwabik Iron Formation and Duluth Complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033444","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3247,"text":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Biwabik Iron Formation and Duluth Complex","docAbstract":"The Biwabik Iron Formation is a ???1.9 billion year-old sequence of iron-rich sedimentary rocks that was metamorphosed at its eastern-most extent by ???1.1 billion year-old intrusions of the Duluth Complex. The metamorphic recrystallization of iron-formation locally produced iron-rich amphiboles and other fibrous iron-silicate minerals. The presence of these minerals in iron-formation along the eastern part of what is known as the Mesabi Iron Range, and their potential liberation by iron mining has raised environmental health concerns. We describe here the geologic setting and mineralogic composition of the Biwabik Iron Formation in and adjacent to the contact metamorphic aureole of the Duluth Complex. The effects of metamorphism are most pronounced within a few kilometers of the contact, and decrease progressively away from it. The contact aureole has been divided into four metamorphic zones-each characterized by the composition and crystal structure of the metamorphic minerals it contains. The recrystallization of iron-formation to iron-rich amphibole minerals (grunerite and cummingtonite) and iron-pyroxene minerals (hedenbergite and ferrohypersthene) is best developed in zones that are most proximal to the Duluth Complex contact. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.09.009","issn":"02732","usgsCitation":"Jirsa, M., Miller, J., and Morey, G.B., 2008, Geology of the Biwabik Iron Formation and Duluth Complex: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, v. 52, no. 1 SU, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.09.009.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214510,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.09.009"},{"id":242244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1 SU","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2518e4b0c8380cd58629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jirsa, M.A.","contributorId":90932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jirsa","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, J.D. Jr.","contributorId":18919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morey, G. B.","contributorId":14406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033445,"text":"70033445 - 2008 - Differences in aggression, activity and boldness between native and introduced populations of an invasive crayfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033445","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in aggression, activity and boldness between native and introduced populations of an invasive crayfish","docAbstract":"Aggressiveness, along with foraging voracity and boldness, are key behavioral mechanisms underlying the competitive displacement and invasion success of exotic species. However, do aggressiveness, voracity and boldness of the invader depend on the presence of an ecologically similar native competitor in the invaded community? We conducted four behavioral assays to compare aggression, foraging voracity, threat response and boldness to forage under predation risk of multiple populations of exotic signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus across its native and invaded range with and without a native congener, the Shasta crayfish P. fortis. We predicted that signal crayfish from the invaded range and sympatric with a native congener (IRS) should be more aggressive to outcompete a close competitor than populations from the native range (NR) or invaded range and allopatric to a native congener (IRA). Furthermore, we predicted that IRS populations of signal crayfish should be more voracious, but less bold to forage under predation risk since native predators and prey likely possess appropriate behavioral responses to the invader. Contrary to our predictions, results indicated that IRA signal crayfish were more aggressive towards conspecifics and more voracious and active foragers, yet also bolder to forage under predation risk in comparison to NR and IRS populations, which did not differ in behavior. Higher aggression/voracity/ boldness was positively correlated with prey consumption rates, and hence potential impacts on prey. We suggest that the positive correlations between aggression/voracity/boldness are the result of an overall aggression syndrome. Results of stream surveys indicated that IRA streams have significantly lower prey biomass than in IRS streams, which may drive invading signal crayfish to be more aggressive/voracious/bold to acquire resources to establish a population. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oikos","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.16578.x","issn":"00301","usgsCitation":"Pintor, L., Sih, A., and Bauer, M., 2008, Differences in aggression, activity and boldness between native and introduced populations of an invasive crayfish: Oikos, v. 117, no. 11, p. 1629-1636, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.16578.x.","startPage":"1629","endPage":"1636","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214511,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.16578.x"},{"id":242245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00ece4b0c8380cd4f9c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pintor, L.M.","contributorId":12703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pintor","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sih, A.","contributorId":30837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sih","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauer, M.L.","contributorId":16655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033446,"text":"70033446 - 2008 - Deepwater demersal fish community collapse in Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70033446","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deepwater demersal fish community collapse in Lake Huron","docAbstract":"Long-term fish community surveys were carried out in the Michigan waters of Lake Huron using bottom trawls from 1976 to 2006. Trends in abundance indices for common species (those caught in 10% or more of trawl tows) were estimated for two periods: early (1976-1991) and late (1994-2006). All common species significantly decreased in abundance during the late period with the exception of the johnny darter Etheostoma nigrum and spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius, which showed no significant trends, and the round goby Neogobius melanostomus, which increased in abundance. Percentage decreases in abundance indices between 1994-1995 and 2005-2006 ranged from 66.4% to 99.9%, and seven species decreased in abundance by more than 90%. The mean biomass of all common species in 2006 was the lowest observed in the time series and was less than 5% of that observed in the mid-1990s. The mean number of common species captured per trawl has also decreased since the mid-1990s. Several factors, including recent invasion of the lake by multiple exotic species, may have contributed to these declines, but insufficient published data are currently available to determine which factors are most important. Our observations suggest that significant changes have occurred in the ecology of Lake Huron since the mid-1990s. The extent of these changes indicates that the deepwater demersal fish community in Lake Huron is undergoing collapse.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T07-141.1","issn":"00028","usgsCitation":"Riley, S., Roseman, E., Nichols, S.J., O’Brien, T.P., Kiley, C., and Schaeffer, J., 2008, Deepwater demersal fish community collapse in Lake Huron: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 137, no. 6, p. 1879-1890, https://doi.org/10.1577/T07-141.1.","startPage":"1879","endPage":"1890","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214540,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T07-141.1"},{"id":242275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe32e4b0c8380cd4ebb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riley, S.C.","contributorId":71378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roseman, E.F. 0000-0002-5315-9838","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-9838","contributorId":76531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"E.F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, S. J.","contributorId":63770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, T. P.","contributorId":22146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kiley, C.S.","contributorId":20985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiley","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schaeffer, J.S.","contributorId":42688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033448,"text":"70033448 - 2008 - Survival of postfledging Forster's terns in relation to mercury exposure in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-02T08:39:25","indexId":"70033448","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of postfledging Forster's terns in relation to mercury exposure in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"We examined factors influencing mercury concentrations in 90 fledgling Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) and evaluated whether mercury influenced postfledging survival in San Francisco Bay, California. Mercury concentrations (??SE) in chicks 21-29 days old (just before fledging) were 0.33 ?? 0.01 ??g g-1 ww for blood and 6.44 ?? 0.28 ??g g -1 fw for breast feathers. Colony site had an overriding influence on fledgling contamination, however hatching date and age also affected blood, but not feather, mercury concentrations. Blood mercury concentrations decreased by 28% during the 50-day hatching period and increased with chick age by 30% during the last week prior to fledging. Using radio-telemetry, we calculated that cumulative survival during the 35-day postfledging time period was 0.81 ?? 0.09 (SE). Postfledging survival rates increased with size-adjusted mass, and cumulative survival probability was 61% lower for terns with the lowest, compared to the highest, observed masses. Conversely, survival was not influenced by blood mercury concentration, time since fledging, sex, or hatch date. Mercury concentrations in breast feathers of fledglings found dead at nesting colonies also were no different than those in live chicks. Our results indicate that colony site, hatching date, and age influenced mercury concentrations in fledgling Forster's terns, but that mercury did not influence postfledging survival. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10646-008-0237-6","issn":"09639","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Takekawa, J.Y., and Iverson, S.A., 2008, Survival of postfledging Forster's terns in relation to mercury exposure in San Francisco Bay: Ecotoxicology, v. 17, no. 8, p. 789-801, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0237-6.","startPage":"789","endPage":"801","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214542,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0237-6"},{"id":242277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2d8e4b08c986b31f9de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iverson, S. A.","contributorId":22556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033449,"text":"70033449 - 2008 - A new method for synthesizing fluid inclusions in fused silica capillaries containing organic and inorganic material","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70033449","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new method for synthesizing fluid inclusions in fused silica capillaries containing organic and inorganic material","docAbstract":"Considerable advances in our understanding of physicochemical properties of geological fluids and their roles in many geological processes have been achieved by the use of synthetic fluid inclusions. We have developed a new method to synthesize fluid inclusions containing organic and inorganic material in fused silica capillary tubing. We have used both round (0.3 mm OD and 0.05 or 0.1 mm ID) and square cross-section tubing (0.3 ?? 0.3 mm with 0.05 ?? 0.05 mm or 0.1 ?? 0.1 mm cavities). For microthermometric measurements in a USGS-type heating-cooling stage, sample capsules must be less than 25 mm in length. The square-sectioned capsules have the advantage of providing images without optical distortion. However, the maximum internal pressure (P; about 100 MPa at 22 ??C) and temperature (T; about 500 ??C) maintained by the square-sectioned capsules are less than those held by the round-sectioned capsules (about 300 MPa at room T, and T up to 650 ??C). The fused silica capsules can be applied to a wide range of problems of interest in fluid inclusion and hydrothermal research, such as creating standards for the calibration of thermocouples in heating-cooling stages and frequency shifts in Raman spectrometers. The fused silica capsules can also be used as containers for hydrothermal reactions, especially for organic samples, including individual hydrocarbons, crude oils, and gases, such as cracking of C18H38 between 350 and 400 ??C, isotopic exchanges between C18H38 and D2O and between C19D40 and H2O at similar temperatures. Results of these types of studies provide information on the kinetics of oil cracking and the changes of oil composition under thermal stress. When compared with synthesis of fluid inclusions formed by healing fractures in quartz or other minerals or by overgrowth of quartz at elevated P-T conditions, the new fused-silica method has the following advantages: (1) it is simple; (2) fluid inclusions without the presence of water can be formed; (3) synthesized inclusions are large and uniform, and they are able to tolerate high internal P; (4) it is suitable for the study of organic material; and (5) redox control is possible due to high permeability of the fused silica to hydrogen.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.030","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., Song, Y., and Burruss, R., 2008, A new method for synthesizing fluid inclusions in fused silica capillaries containing organic and inorganic material: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 21, p. 5217-5231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.030.","startPage":"5217","endPage":"5231","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214575,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.030"},{"id":242310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4a8e4b0c8380cd467f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Song, Y.","contributorId":92443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burruss, R.C. 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":99574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033451,"text":"70033451 - 2008 - Origin of pockmarks and chimney structures on the flanks of the Storegga Slide, offshore Norway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T11:22:22","indexId":"70033451","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of pockmarks and chimney structures on the flanks of the Storegga Slide, offshore Norway","docAbstract":"<p>Seafloor pockmarks and subsurface chimney structures are common on the Norwegian continental margin north of the Storegga Slide scar. Such features are generally inferred to be associated with fluid expulsion, and imply overpressures in the subsurface. Six long gravity and piston cores taken from the interior of three pockmarks were compared with four other cores taken from the same area but outside the pockmarks, in order to elucidate the origins and stratigraphy of these features and their possible association with the Storegga Slide event. Sulfate gradients in cores from within pockmarks are less steep than those in cores from outside the pockmarks, which indicates that the flux of methane to the seafloor is presently smaller within the pockmarks than in the adjacent undisturbed sediments. This suggests that these subsurface chimneys are not fluid flow conduits lined with gas hydrate. Methane-derived authigenic carbonates and Bathymodiolus shells obtained from a pockmark at &gt;6.3 m below the seafloor indicate that methane was previously available to support a chemosynthetic community within the pockmark. AMS 14C measurements of planktonic Foraminifera overlying and interlayered with the shell-bearing sediment indicate that methane was present on the seafloor within the pockmark prior to 14 ka 14C years B.P., i.e., well before the last major Storegga Slide event (7.2 ka 14C years B.P., or 8.2 ka calendar years B.P.). These observations provide evidence that overpressured fluids existed within the continental margin sediments off Norway during the last major advance of Pleistocene glaciation.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s00367-007-0088-9","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Paull, C.K., Ussler, W., Holbrook, W., Hill, T., Keaten, R., Mienert, J., Haflidason, H., Johnson, J., Winters, W., and Lorenson, T., 2008, Origin of pockmarks and chimney structures on the flanks of the Storegga Slide, offshore Norway: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 28, no. 1, p. 43-51, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-007-0088-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70ede4b0c8380cd76349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ussler, W. III","contributorId":101048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ussler","given":"W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holbrook, W.S.","contributorId":84916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"W.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, T.M.","contributorId":17436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keaten, R.","contributorId":62839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keaten","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mienert, Jurgen","contributorId":19384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mienert","given":"Jurgen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haflidason, H.","contributorId":8684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haflidason","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, J.E.","contributorId":44857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Winters, W.J.","contributorId":49796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70033452,"text":"70033452 - 2008 - Contribution of sediment fluxes and transformations to the summer nitrogen budget of an Upper Mississippi River backwater system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033452","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contribution of sediment fluxes and transformations to the summer nitrogen budget of an Upper Mississippi River backwater system","docAbstract":"Routing nitrate through backwaters of regulated floodplain rivers to increase retention could decrease loading to nitrogen (N)-sensitive coastal regions. Sediment core determinations of N flux were combined with inflow-outflow fluxes to develop mass balance approximations of N uptake and transformations in a flow-controlled backwater of the Upper Mississippi River (USA). Inflow was the dominant nitrate source (>95%) versus nitrification and varied as a function of source water concentration since flow was constant. Nitrate uptake length increased linearly, while uptake velocity decreased linearly, with increasing inflow concentration to 2 mg l-1, indicating limitation of N uptake by loading. N saturation at higher inflow concentration coincided with maximum uptake capacity, 40% uptake efficiency, and an uptake length 2 times greater than the length of the backwater. Nitrate diffusion and denitrification in sediment accounted for 27% of the backwater nitrate retention, indicating that assimilation by other biota or denitrification on other substrates were the dominant uptake mechanisms. Ammonium export from the backwater was driven by diffusive efflux from the sediment. Ammonium increased from near zero at the inflow to a maximum mid-lake, then declined slightly toward the outflow due to uptake during transport. Ammonium export was small compared to nitrate retention. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-007-9142-x","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"James, W., Richardson, W.B., and Soballe, D., 2008, Contribution of sediment fluxes and transformations to the summer nitrogen budget of an Upper Mississippi River backwater system: Hydrobiologia, v. 598, no. 1, p. 95-107, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9142-x.","startPage":"95","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214125,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9142-x"},{"id":241818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"598","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa85e4b0c8380cd4db4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, W.F.","contributorId":58602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, W. B.","contributorId":16363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soballe, D.M.","contributorId":87654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soballe","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033453,"text":"70033453 - 2008 - Impacts of short-term acid and aluminum exposure on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) physiology: A direct comparison of parr and smolts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-13T09:24:59","indexId":"70033453","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of short-term acid and aluminum exposure on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) physiology: A direct comparison of parr and smolts","docAbstract":"Episodic acidification resulting in increased acidity and inorganic aluminum (Al<sub>i</sub>) is known to impact anadromous salmonids and has been identified as a possible cause of Atlantic salmon population decline. Sensitive life-stages such as smolts may be particularly vulnerable to impacts of short-term (days–week) acid/Al exposure, however the extent and mechanism(s) of this remain unknown. To determine if Atlantic salmon smolts are more sensitive than parr to short-term acid/Al, parr and smolts held in the same experimental tanks were exposed to control (pH 6.3–6.6, 11–37 μg l<sup>−1</sup> Al<sub>i</sub>) and acid/Al (pH 5.0–5.4, 43–68 μg l<sup>−1</sup> Al<sub>i</sub>) conditions in the lab, and impacts on ion regulation, stress response and gill Al accumulation were examined after 2 and 6 days. Parr and smolts were also held in cages for 2 and 6 days in a reference (Rock River, RR) and an acid/Al-impacted tributary (Ball Mountain Brook, BMB) of the West River in Southern Vermont. In the lab, losses in plasma Cl<sup>−</sup> levels occurred in both control parr and smolts as compared to fish sampled prior to the start of the study, however smolts exposed to acid/Al experienced additional losses in plasma Cl<sup>−</sup> levels (9–14 mM) after 2 and 6 days, and increases in plasma cortisol (4.3-fold) and glucose (2.9-fold) levels after 6 days, whereas these parameters were not significantly affected by acid/Al in parr. Gill Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase (NKA) activity was not affected by acid/Al in either life-stage. Both parr and smolts held at BMB (but not RR) exhibited declines in plasma Cl<sup>−</sup>, and increases in plasma cortisol and glucose levels; these differences were significantly greater in smolts after 2 days but similar in parr and smolts after 6 days. Gill NKA activity was reduced 45–54% in both life-stages held at BMB for 6 days compared to reference fish at RR. In both studies, exposure to acid/Al resulted in gill Al accumulation in parr and smolts, with parr exhibiting two-fold greater gill Al than smolts after 6 days. Our results indicate that smolts are more sensitive than parr to short-term acid/Al. Increased sensitivity of smolts appears to be independent of a reduction in gill NKA activity and greater gill Al accumulation. Instead, increased sensitivity of smolts is likely a result of both the acquisition of seawater tolerance while still in freshwater and heightened stress responsiveness in preparation for seawater entry and residence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.11.002","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Monette, M., and McCormick, S., 2008, Impacts of short-term acid and aluminum exposure on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) physiology: A direct comparison of parr and smolts: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 86, no. 2, p. 216-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.11.002.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"226","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214157,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.11.002"},{"id":241851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38f6e4b0c8380cd6175c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monette, M.Y.","contributorId":77646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monette","given":"M.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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