Organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) were measured in samples collected from monitoring wells located along a 4.5-km transect of a plume of groundwater contaminated by 60 years of continuous rapid infiltration disposal of wastewater treatment plant effluent. Fifteen percent of the 212 OWCs analyzed were detected, including the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SX), the nonionic surfactant degradation product 4-nonylphenol (NP), the solvent tetrachloroethene (PCE), and the disinfectant 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB). Comparison of the 2005 sampling results to data collected from the same wells in 1985 indicates that PCE and DCB are transported more rapidly in the aquifer than NP, consistent with predictions based on compound hydrophobicity. Natural gradient in situ tracer experiments were conducted to evaluate the subsurface behavior of SX, NP, and the female sex hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) in two oxic zones in the aquifer: (1) a downgradient transition zone at the interface between the contamination plume and the overlying uncontaminated groundwater and (2) a contaminated zone located beneath the infiltration beds, which have not been loaded for 10 years. In both zones, breakthrough curves for the conservative tracer bromide (Br−) and SX were nearly coincident, whereas NP and E2 were retarded relative to Br− and showed mass loss. Retardation was greater in the contaminated zone than in the transition zone. Attenuation of NP and E2 in the aquifer was attributed to biotransformation, and oxic laboratory microcosm experiments using sediments from the transition and contaminated zones show that uniform-ring-labeled 14C 4-normal-NP was biodegraded more rapidly (30−60% recovered as 14CO2 in 13 days) than 4-14C E2 (20−90% recovered as 14CO2in 54 days). There was little difference in mineralization potential between sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es803292v","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Keefe, S.H., LeBlanc, D.R., Bradley, P.M., Chapelle, F.H., Meyer, M.T., Loftin, K.A., Koplin, D.W., and Rubio, F., 2009, Fate of sulfamethoxazole, 4-nonylphenol, and 17β-estradiol in groundwater contaminated by wastewater treatment plant effluent: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 13, p. 4843-4850, https://doi.org/10.1021/es803292v.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4843","endPage":"4850","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es803292v"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.8673095703125,\n 41.52091689636249\n ],\n [\n -70.8673095703125,\n 42.0125705565935\n ],\n [\n -70.24108886718749,\n 42.0125705565935\n ],\n [\n -70.24108886718749,\n 41.52091689636249\n ],\n [\n -70.8673095703125,\n 41.52091689636249\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f13e4b0c8380cd53753","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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2009 - Estimating 3D variation in active-layer thickness beneath arctic streams using ground-penetrating radar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036967","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating 3D variation in active-layer thickness beneath arctic streams using ground-penetrating radar","docAbstract":"We acquired three-dimensional (3D) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data across three stream sites on the North Slope, AK, in August 2005, to investigate the dependence of thaw depth on channel morphology. Data were migrated with mean velocities derived from multi-offset GPR profiles collected across a stream section within each of the 3D survey areas. GPR data interpretations from the alluvial-lined stream site illustrate greater thaw depths beneath riffle and gravel bar features relative to neighboring pool features. The peat-lined stream sites indicate the opposite; greater thaw depths beneath pools and shallower thaw beneath the connecting runs. Results provide detailed 3D geometry of active-layer thaw depths that can support hydrological studies seeking to quantify transport and biogeochemical processes that occur within the hyporheic zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.05.011","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Brosten, T., Bradford, J., McNamara, J.P., Gooseff, M., Zarnetske, J., Bowden, W., and Johnston, M., 2009, Estimating 3D variation in active-layer thickness beneath arctic streams using ground-penetrating radar: Journal of Hydrology, v. 373, no. 3-4, p. 479-486, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.05.011.","startPage":"479","endPage":"486","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217551,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.05.011"},{"id":245504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"373","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0afbe4b0c8380cd524ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosten, T.R.","contributorId":35985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosten","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, J.H.","contributorId":22606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNamara, J. P.","contributorId":105551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNamara","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zarnetske, J.P.","contributorId":11032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarnetske","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bowden, W.B.","contributorId":83237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowden","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnston, M.E.","contributorId":92081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70036972,"text":"70036972 - 2009 - Obtaining parsimonious hydraulic conductivity fields using head and transport observations: A Bayesian geostatistical parameter estimation approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T07:23:32","indexId":"70036972","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Obtaining parsimonious hydraulic conductivity fields using head and transport observations: A Bayesian geostatistical parameter estimation approach","docAbstract":"Flow path delineation is a valuable tool for interpreting the subsurface hydrogeochemical environment. Different types of data, such as groundwater flow and transport, inform different aspects of hydrogeologic parameter values (hydraulic conductivity in this case) which, in turn, determine flow paths. This work combines flow and transport information to estimate a unified set of hydrogeologic parameters using the Bayesian geostatistical inverse approach. Parameter flexibility is allowed by using a highly parameterized approach with the level of complexity informed by the data. Despite the effort to adhere to the ideal of minimal a priori structure imposed on the problem, extreme contrasts in parameters can result in the need to censor correlation across hydrostratigraphic bounding surfaces. These partitions segregate parameters into facies associations. With an iterative approach in which partitions are based on inspection of initial estimates, flow path interpretation is progressively refined through the inclusion of more types of data. Head observations, stable oxygen isotopes (18O/16O ratios), and tritium are all used to progressively refine flow path delineation on an isthmus between two lakes in the Trout Lake watershed, northern Wisconsin, United States. Despite allowing significant parameter freedom by estimating many distributed parameter values, a smooth field is obtained.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007431","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., Hunt, R., Krabbenhoft, D., and Clemo, T., 2009, Obtaining parsimonious hydraulic conductivity fields using head and transport observations: A Bayesian geostatistical parameter estimation approach: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 8, W08405; 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007431.","productDescription":"W08405; 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007431","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b0fe4b0c8380cd744cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":105948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, R.","contributorId":101080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D.","contributorId":84106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clemo, T.","contributorId":82952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemo","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187395,"text":"70187395 - 2009 - Dust emission at Franklin Lake Playa, Mojave Desert (USA): Response to meteorological and hydrologic changes 2005-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-01T15:36:44","indexId":"70187395","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2834,"text":"Natural Resources and Environmental Issues","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dust emission at Franklin Lake Playa, Mojave Desert (USA): Response to meteorological and hydrologic changes 2005-2008","docAbstract":"Playa type, size, and setting; playa hydrology; and surface-sediment characteristics are important controls on the type and amount of atmospheric dust emitted from playas. Soft, evaporite-rich sediment develops on the surfaces of some Mojave Desert (USA) playas (wet playas), where the water table is shallow (< 4 m). These areas are sources of atmospheric dust because of continuous or episodic replenishment of wind-erodible salts and disruption of the ground surface during salt formation by evaporation of ground water. Dust emission at Franklin Lake playa was monitored between March 2005 and April 2008. The dust record, based on day-time remote digital camera images captured during high wind, and compared with a nearby precipitation record, shows that aridity suppresses dust emission. High frequency of dust generation appears to be associated with relatively wet periods, identified as either heavy precipitation events or sustained regional precipitation over a few months. Several factors may act separately or in combination to account for this relation. Dust emission may respond rapidly to heavy precipitation when the dissolution of hard, wind-resistant evaporite mineral crusts is followed by the development of soft surfaces with thin, newly formed crusts that are vulnerable to wind erosion and (or) the production of loose aggregates of evaporite minerals that are quickly removed by even moderate winds. Dust loading may also increase when relatively high regional precipitation leads to decreasing depth to the water table, thereby increasing rates of vapor discharge, development of evaporite minerals, and temporary softening of playa surfaces. The seasonality of wind strength was not a major factor in dust-storm frequency at the playa. The lack of major dust emissions related to flood-derived sediment at Franklin Lake playa contrasts with some dry-lake systems elsewhere that may produce large amounts of dust from flood sediments. Flood sediments do not commonly accumulate on the surface of Franklin Lake playa because through-going drainage prevents frequent inundation and deposition of widespread flood sediment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah State University","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Bogle, R., Vogel, J., Goldstein, H.L., and Yount, J., 2009, Dust emission at Franklin Lake Playa, Mojave Desert (USA): Response to meteorological and hydrologic changes 2005-2008: Natural Resources and Environmental Issues, v. 15, Article 18; 11 p,.","productDescription":"Article 18; 11 p,","ipdsId":"IP-007852","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340701,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/nrei/vol15/iss1/18"},{"id":340702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084936e4b0fc4e448ffda4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bogle, Rian rbogle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogle","given":"Rian","email":"rbogle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogel, John","contributorId":99825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldstein, Harland L. 0000-0002-6092-8818 hgoldstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-8818","contributorId":147881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Harland","email":"hgoldstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yount, James","contributorId":65172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yount","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037009,"text":"70037009 - 2009 - Contrasting residence times and fluxes of water and sulfate in two small forested watersheds in Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:11:25","indexId":"70037009","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting residence times and fluxes of water and sulfate in two small forested watersheds in Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"Watershed mass balances for solutes of atmospheric origin may be complicated by the residence times of water and solutes at various time scales. In two small forested headwater catchments in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia, USA, mean annual export rates of SO4= differ by a factor of 2, and seasonal variations in SO4= concentrations in atmospheric deposition and stream water are out of phase. These features were investigated by comparing 3H, 35S, δ34S, δ2H, δ18O, δ3He, CFC-12, SF6, and chemical analyses of open deposition, throughfall, stream water, and spring water. The concentrations of SO4= and radioactive 35S were about twice as high in throughfall as in open deposition, but the weighted composite values of 35S/S (11.1 and 12.1 × 10− 15) and δ34S (+ 3.8 and + 4.1‰) were similar. In both streams (Shelter Run, Mill Run), 3H concentrations and δ34S values during high flow were similar to those of modern deposition, δ2H and δ18O values exhibited damped seasonal variations, and 35S/S ratios (0–3 × 10− 15) were low throughout the year, indicating inter-seasonal to inter-annual storage and release of atmospheric SO4= in both watersheds. In the Mill Run watershed, 3H concentrations in stream base flow (10–13 TU) were consistent with relatively young groundwater discharge, most δ34S values were approximately the same as the modern atmospheric deposition values, and the annual export rate of SO4= was equal to or slightly greater than the modern deposition rate. In the Shelter Run watershed, 3H concentrations in stream base flow (1–3 TU) indicate that much of the discharging ground water had been deposited prior to the onset of atmospheric nuclear bomb testing in the 1950s, base flow δ34S values (+ 1.6‰) were significantly lower than the modern deposition values, and the annual export rate of SO4= was less than the modern deposition rate. Concentrations of 3H and 35S in Shelter Run base flow, and of 3H, 3He, CFC-12, SF6, and 35S in a spring discharging to Shelter Run, all were consistent with a bimodal distribution of discharging ground-water ages with approximately 5–20% less than a few years old and 75–95% more than 40 years old. These results provide evidence for 3 important time-scales of SO4= transport through the watersheds: (1) short-term (weekly to monthly) storage and release of dry deposition in the forest canopy between precipitation events; (2) mid-term (seasonal to interannual) cycles in net storage in the near-surface environment, and (3) long-term (decadal to centennial) storage in deep ground water that appears to be related to relatively low SO4= concentrations in spring discharge that dominates Shelter Run base flow. It is possible that the relatively low concentrations and low δ34S values of SO4= in spring discharge and Shelter Run base flow may reflect those of atmospheric deposition before the middle of the 20th century. In addition to storage in soils and biota, variations in ground-water residence times at a wide range of time scales may have important effects on monitoring, modeling, and predicting watershed responses to changing atmospheric deposition in small watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.007","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., and Michel, R.L., 2009, Contrasting residence times and fluxes of water and sulfate in two small forested watersheds in Virginia, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 407, no. 14, p. 4363-4377, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.007.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4363","endPage":"4377","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217301,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.007"}],"volume":"407","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa7be4b0c8380cd4db08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037010,"text":"70037010 - 2009 - Examining the influence of heterogeneous porosity fields on conservative solute transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037010","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examining the influence of heterogeneous porosity fields on conservative solute transport","docAbstract":"It is widely recognized that groundwater flow and solute transport in natural media are largely controlled by heterogeneities. In the last three decades, many studies have examined the effects of heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity fields on flow and transport processes, but there has been much less attention to the influence of heterogeneous porosity fields. In this study, we use porosity and particle size measurements from boreholes at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site (BHRS) to evaluate the importance of characterizing the spatial structure of porosity and grain size data for solute transport modeling. Then we develop synthetic hydraulic conductivity fields based on relatively simple measurements of porosity from borehole logs and grain size distributions from core samples to examine and compare the characteristics of tracer transport through these fields with and without inclusion of porosity heterogeneity. In particular, we develop horizontal 2D realizations based on data from one of the less heterogeneous units at the BHRS to examine effects where spatial variations in hydraulic parameters are not large. The results indicate that the distributions of porosity and the derived hydraulic conductivity in the study unit resemble fractal normal and lognormal fields respectively. We numerically simulate solute transport in stochastic fields and find that spatial variations in porosity have significant effects on the spread of an injected tracer plume including a significant delay in simulated tracer concentration histories.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.06.001","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Hu, B., Meerschaert, M., Barrash, W., Hyndman, D., He, C., Li, X., and Guo, L., 2009, Examining the influence of heterogeneous porosity fields on conservative solute transport: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 108, no. 3-4, p. 77-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.06.001.","startPage":"77","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217330,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.06.001"},{"id":245270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d9de4b0c8380cd530f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hu, B.X.","contributorId":17838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"B.X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meerschaert, M.M.","contributorId":66516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meerschaert","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrash, W.","contributorId":96520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrash","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hyndman, D.W.","contributorId":83318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"He, C.","contributorId":76951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, X.","contributorId":67635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Guo, Laodong","contributorId":70401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Laodong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70037129,"text":"70037129 - 2009 - Fluvial fluxes of water, suspended particulate matter, and nutrients and potential impacts on tropical coastal water Biogeochemistry: Oahu, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037129","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluvial fluxes of water, suspended particulate matter, and nutrients and potential impacts on tropical coastal water Biogeochemistry: Oahu, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Baseflow and storm runoff fluxes of water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and nutrients (N and P) were assessed in conservation, urban, and agricultural streams discharging to coastal waters around the tropical island of Oahu, Hawai'i. Despite unusually low storm frequency and intensity during the study, storms accounted for 8-77% (median 30%) of discharge, 57-99% (median 93%) of SPM fluxes, 11-79% (median 36%) of dissolved nutrient fluxes and 52-99% (median 85%) of particulate nutrient fluxes to coastal waters. Fluvial nutrient concentrations varied with hydrologic conditions and land use; land use also affected water and particulate fluxes at some sites. Reactive dissolved N:P ratios typically were ???16 (the 'Redfield ratio' for marine phytoplankton), indicating that inputs could support new production by coastal phytoplankton, but uptake of dissolved nutrients is probably inefficient due to rapid dilution and export of fluvial dissolved inputs. Particulate N and P fluxes were similar to or larger than dissolved fluxes at all sites (median 49% of total nitrogen, range 22-82%; median 69% of total phosphorus, range 49-93%). Impacts of particulate nutrients on coastal ecosystems will depend on how efficiently SPM is retained in nearshore areas, and on the timing and degree of transformation to reactive dissolved forms. Nevertheless, the magnitude of particulate nutrient fluxes suggests that they represent a significant nutrient source for many coastal ecosystems over relatively long time scales (weeks-years), and that reductions in particulate nutrient loading actually may have negative impacts on some coastal ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10498-009-9067-2","issn":"13806165","usgsCitation":"Hoover, D., and MacKenzie, F., 2009, Fluvial fluxes of water, suspended particulate matter, and nutrients and potential impacts on tropical coastal water Biogeochemistry: Oahu, Hawai'i: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 15, no. 4, p. 547-570, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-009-9067-2.","startPage":"547","endPage":"570","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476210,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-009-9067-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217278,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10498-009-9067-2"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a129be4b0c8380cd5438b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoover, D.J.","contributorId":22594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacKenzie, F.T.","contributorId":25681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037154,"text":"70037154 - 2009 - Enantiomer fractions of chlordane components in sediment from U.S. Geological Survey sites in lakes and rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:10:57","indexId":"70037154","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enantiomer fractions of chlordane components in sediment from U.S. Geological Survey sites in lakes and rivers","docAbstract":"Spatial, temporal, and sediment-type trends in enantiomer signatures were evaluated for cis- and trans-chlordane (CC, TC) in archived core, suspended, and surficial-sediment samples from six lake, reservoir, and river sites across the United States. The enantiomer fractions (EFs) measured in these samples are in good agreement with those reported for sediment, soil, and air samples in previous studies. The chlordane EFs were generally close to the racemic value of 0.5, with CC values ranging from 0.493 to 0.527 (usually >0.5) and TC values from 0.463 to 0.53 (usually <0.5). EF changes with core depth were detected for TC and CC in some cores, with the most non-racemic values near the top of the core. Surficial and suspended sediments generally have EF values similar to the top core layers but are often more non-racemic, indicating that enantioselective degradation is occurring before soils are eroded and deposited into bottom sediments. We hypothesize that rapid losses (desorption or degradation) from suspended sediments of the more bioavailable chlordane fraction during transport and initial deposition could explain the apparent shift to more racemic EF values in surficial and top core sediments. Near racemic CC and TC in the core profiles suggest minimal alteration of chlordane from biotic degradation, unless it is via non-enantioselective processes. EF values for the heptachlor degradate, heptachlor epoxide (HEPX), determined in surficial sediments from one location only were always non-racemic (EF ≈ 0.66), were indicative of substantial biotic processing, and followed reported EF trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.023","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Ulrich, E., Foreman, W., Van Metre, P., Wilson, J., and Rounds, S., 2009, Enantiomer fractions of chlordane components in sediment from U.S. Geological Survey sites in lakes and rivers: Science of the Total Environment, v. 407, no. 22, p. 5884-5893, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.023.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"5884","endPage":"5893","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217220,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.023"}],"volume":"407","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0919e4b0c8380cd51de2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulrich, E.M.","contributorId":10956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulrich","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, P. C.","contributorId":92999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, J.T.","contributorId":97489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rounds, S.A.","contributorId":88395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037214,"text":"70037214 - 2009 - Biological soil crusts exhibit a dynamic response to seasonal rain and release from grazing with implications for soil stability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70037214","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological soil crusts exhibit a dynamic response to seasonal rain and release from grazing with implications for soil stability","docAbstract":"In Northern Mexico, long-term grazing has substantially degraded semiarid landscapes. In semiarid systems, ecological and hydrological processes are strongly coupled by patchy plant distribution and biological soil crust (BSC) cover in plant-free interspaces. In this study, we asked: 1) how responsive are BSC cover/composition to a drying/wetting cycle and two-year grazing removal, and 2) what are the implications for soil erosion? We characterized BSC morphotypes and their influence on soil stability under grazed/non-grazed conditions during a dry and wet season. Light- and dark-colored cyanobacteria were dominant at the plant tussock and community level. Cover changes in these two groups differed after a rainy season and in response to grazing removal. Lichens with continuous thalli were more vulnerable to grazing than those with semi-continuous/discontinuous thalli after the dry season. Microsites around tussocks facilitated BSC colonization compared to interspaces. Lichen and cyanobacteria morphotypes differentially enhanced resistance to soil erosion; consequently, surface soil stability depends on the spatial distribution of BSC morphotypes, suggesting soil stability may be as dynamic as changes in the type of BSC cover. Longer-term spatially detailed studies are necessary to elicit spatiotemporal dynamics of BSC communities and their functional role in biotically and abiotically variable environments. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.05.009","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Jimenez, A.A., Huber-Sannwald, E., Belnap, J., Smart, D., and Arredondo, M.J., 2009, Biological soil crusts exhibit a dynamic response to seasonal rain and release from grazing with implications for soil stability: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 73, no. 12, p. 1158-1169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.05.009.","startPage":"1158","endPage":"1169","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217168,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.05.009"},{"id":245089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f16ce4b0c8380cd4ac5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jimenez, Aguilar A.","contributorId":81726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jimenez","given":"Aguilar","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huber-Sannwald, E.","contributorId":41255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber-Sannwald","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smart, D.R.","contributorId":99774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arredondo, Moreno J.T.","contributorId":37573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arredondo","given":"Moreno","email":"","middleInitial":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037239,"text":"70037239 - 2009 - Combining particle-tracking and geochemical data to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037239","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining particle-tracking and geochemical data to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium","docAbstract":"Flow-model particle-tracking results and geochemical data from seven study areas across the United States were analyzed using three statistical methods to test the hypothesis that these variables can successfully be used to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium. Principal components analysis indicated that arsenic and uranium concentrations were associated with particle-tracking variables that simulate time of travel and water fluxes through aquifer systems and also through specific redox and pH zones within aquifers. Time-of-travel variables are important because many geochemical reactions are kinetically limited, and geochemical zonation can account for different modes of mobilization and fate. Spearman correlation analysis established statistical significance for correlations of arsenic and uranium concentrations with variables derived using the particle-tracking routines. Correlations between uranium concentrations and particle-tracking variables were generally strongest for variables computed for distinct redox zones. Classification tree analysis on arsenic concentrations yielded a quantitative categorical model using time-of-travel variables and solid-phase-arsenic concentrations. The classification tree model accuracy on the learning data subset was 70%, and on the testing data subset, 79%, demonstrating one application in which particle-tracking variables can be used predictively in a quantitative screening-level assessment of public supply well vulnerability. Ground-water management actions that are based on avoidance of young ground water, reflecting the premise that young ground water is more vulnerable to anthropogenic contaminants than is old ground water, may inadvertently lead to increased vulnerability to natural contaminants due to the tendency for concentrations of many natural contaminants to increase with increasing ground-water residence time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.020","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, S., Kauffman, L.J., Thomas, M., Brown, C.J., McCarthy, K.A., Eberts, S.M., Rosen, M.R., and Katz, B., 2009, Combining particle-tracking and geochemical data to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium: Journal of Hydrology, v. 376, no. 1-2, p. 132-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.020.","startPage":"132","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217086,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.020"},{"id":244999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"376","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7e0e4b0c8380cd4cd49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, S.R.","contributorId":74778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauffman, L. J. 0000-0003-4564-0362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":65217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, M.A.","contributorId":66877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, C. J.","contributorId":90342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCarthy, K. A.","contributorId":107309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R.","contributorId":43096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70037282,"text":"70037282 - 2009 - Instrumental record of debris flow initiation during natural rainfall: Implications for modeling slope stability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T22:29:48.316269","indexId":"70037282","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instrumental record of debris flow initiation during natural rainfall: Implications for modeling slope stability","docAbstract":"The middle of a hillslope hollow in the Oregon Coast Range failed and mobilized as a debris flow during heavy rainfall in November 1996. Automated pressure transducers recorded high spatial variability of pore water pressure within the area that mobilized as a debris flow, which initiated where local upward flow from bedrock developed into overlying colluvium. Postfailure observations of the bedrock surface exposed in the debris flow scar reveal a strong spatial correspondence between elevated piezometric response and water discharging from bedrock fractures. Measurements of apparent root cohesion on the basal (Cb) and lateral (Cl) scarp demonstrate substantial local variability, with areally weighted values of Cb = 0.1 and Cl = 4.6 kPa. Using measured soil properties and basal root strength, the widely used infinite slope model, employed assuming slope parallel groundwater flow, provides a poor prediction of hydrologic conditions at failure. In contrast, a model including lateral root strength (but neglecting lateral frictional strength) gave a predicted critical value of relative soil saturation that fell within the range defined by the arithmetic and geometric mean values at the time of failure. The 3‐D slope stability model CLARA‐W, used with locally observed pore water pressure, predicted small areas with lower factors of safety within the overall slide mass at sites consistent with field observations of where the failure initiated. This highly variable and localized nature of small areas of high pore pressure that can trigger slope failure means, however, that substantial uncertainty appears inevitable for estimating hydrologic conditions within incipient debris flows under natural conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JF001078","usgsCitation":"Montgomery, D.R., Schmidt, K., Dietrich, W.E., and McKean, J., 2009, Instrumental record of debris flow initiation during natural rainfall: Implications for modeling slope stability: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 114, no. F1, F01031, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001078.","productDescription":"F01031, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jf001078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Mettman Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.47509765625,\n 43.17313537107136\n ],\n [\n -123.914794921875,\n 43.17313537107136\n ],\n [\n -123.914794921875,\n 43.691707903073805\n ],\n [\n -124.47509765625,\n 43.691707903073805\n ],\n [\n -124.47509765625,\n 43.17313537107136\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"F1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c46e4b0c8380cd62bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery, D. R.","contributorId":41582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, K. M. 0000-0003-2365-8035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":59830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietrich, W. E.","contributorId":47538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKean, J.","contributorId":60054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKean","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037305,"text":"70037305 - 2009 - Synergistic use of optical and InSAR data for urban impervious surface mapping: A case study in Hong Kong","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T16:07:12","indexId":"70037305","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synergistic use of optical and InSAR data for urban impervious surface mapping: A case study in Hong Kong","docAbstract":"A wide range of urban ecosystem studies, including urban hydrology, urban climate, land use planning and watershed resource management, require accurate and up‐to‐date geospatial data of urban impervious surfaces. In this study, the potential of the synergistic use of optical and InSAR data in urban impervious surface mapping at the sub‐pixel level was investigated. A case study in Hong Kong was conducted for this purpose by applying a classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm to SPOT 5 multispectral imagery and ERS‐2 SAR data. Validated by reference data derived from high‐resolution colour‐infrared (CIR) aerial photographs, our results show that the addition of InSAR feature information can improve the estimation of impervious surface percentage (ISP) in comparison with using SPOT imagery alone. The improvement is especially notable in separating urban impervious surface from the vacant land/bare ground, which has been a difficult task in ISP modelling with optical remote sensing data. In addition, the results demonstrate the potential to map urban impervious surface by using InSAR data alone. This allows frequent monitoring of world's cities located in cloud‐prone and rainy areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160802555838","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Jiang, L., Liao, M., Lin, H., and Yang, L., 2009, Synergistic use of optical and InSAR data for urban impervious surface mapping: A case study in Hong Kong: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 30, no. 11, p. 2781-2796, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160802555838.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2781","endPage":"2796","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217119,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160802555838"}],"volume":"30","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba340e4b08c986b31fc2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, L.","contributorId":107530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liao, M.","contributorId":86600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, H.","contributorId":17854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037309,"text":"70037309 - 2009 - Greenhouse gas flux from cropland and restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T11:03:42","indexId":"70037309","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Greenhouse gas flux from cropland and restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"It has been well documented that restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America do store carbon. However, the net benefit of carbon sequestration in wetlands in terms of a reduction in global warming forcing has often been questioned because of potentially greater emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). We compared gas emissions (N2O, CH4, carbon dioxide [CO2]) and soil moisture and temperature from eight cropland and eight restored grassland wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region from May to October, 2003, to better understand the atmospheric carbon mitigation potential of restored wetlands. Results show that carbon dioxide contributed the most (90%) to net-GHG flux, followed by CH4 (9%) and N2O (1%). Fluxes of N2O, CH4, CO2, and their combined global warming potential (CO2 equivalents) did not significantly differ between cropland and grassland wetlands. The seasonal pattern in flux was similar in cropland and grassland wetlands with peak emissions of N2O and CH4 occurring when soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) was 40-60% and >60%, respectively; negative CH4 fluxes were observed when WFPS approached 40%. Negative CH4 fluxes from grassland wetlands occurred earlier in the season and were more pronounced than those from cropland sites because WFPS declined more rapidly in grassland wetlands; this decline was likely due to higher infiltration and evapotranspiration rates associated with grasslands. Our results suggest that restoring cropland wetlands does not result in greater emissions of N2O and CH4, and therefore would not offset potential soil carbon sequestration. These findings, however, are limited to a small sample of seasonal wetlands with relatively short hydroperiods. A more comprehensive assessment of the GHG mitigation potential of restored wetlands should include a diversity of wetland types and land-use practices and consider the impact of variable climatic cycles that affect wetland hydrology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.008","issn":"00380717","usgsCitation":"Gleason, R., Tangen, B., Browne, B., and Euliss, N., 2009, Greenhouse gas flux from cropland and restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 41, no. 12, p. 2501-2507, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.008.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2501","endPage":"2507","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.008"}],"volume":"41","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a6be4b0c8380cd5b168","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gleason, R.A.","contributorId":46035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tangen, B.A.","contributorId":102687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browne, B.A.","contributorId":85006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browne","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Euliss, N.H. Jr.","contributorId":54917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037339,"text":"70037339 - 2009 - Dike intrusions into bituminous coal, Illinois Basin: H, C, N, O isotopic responses to rapid and brief heating","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037339","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dike intrusions into bituminous coal, Illinois Basin: H, C, N, O isotopic responses to rapid and brief heating","docAbstract":"Unlike long-term heating in subsiding sedimentary basins, the near-instantaneous thermal maturation of sedimentary organic matter near magmatic intrusions is comparable to artificial thermal maturation in the laboratory in terms of short duration and limited extent. This study investigates chemical and H, C, N, O isotopic changes in high volatile bituminous coal near two Illinois dike contacts and compares observed patterns and trends with data from other published studies and from artificial maturation experiments. Our study pioneers in quantifying isotopically exchangeable hydrogen and measuring the D/H (i.e., 2H/1H) ratio of isotopically non-exchangeable organic hydrogen in kerogen near magmatic contacts. Thermal stress in coal caused a reduction of isotopically exchangeable hydrogen in kerogen from 5% to 6% in unaltered coal to 2-3% at contacts, mostly due to elimination of functional groups (e.g., {single bond}OH, {single bond}COOH, {single bond}NH2). In contrast to all previously published data on D/H in thermally matured organic matter, the more mature kerogen near the two dike contacts is D-depleted, which is attributed to (i) thermal elimination of D-enriched functional groups, and (ii) thermal drying of hydrologically isolated coal prior to the onset of cracking reactions, thereby precluding D-transfer from relatively D-enriched water into kerogen. Maxima in organic nitrogen concentration and in the atomic N/C ratio of kerogen at a distance of ???2.5 to ???3.5 m from the thicker dike indicate that reactive N-compounds had been pyrolytically liberated at high temperature closer to the contact, migrated through the coal seam, and recombined with coal kerogen in a zone of lower temperature. The same principle extends to organic carbon, because a strong ??13Ckerogen vs. ??15Nkerogen correlation across 5.5 m of coal adjacent to the thicker dike indicates that coal was functioning as a flow-through reactor along a dynamic thermal gradient facilitating back-reactions between mobile pyrolysis products from the hot zone as they encounter less hot kerogen. Vein and cell filling carbonate is most abundant in highest rank coals where carbonate ??13CVPDB and ??18OVSMOW values are consistent with thermal generation of 13C-depleted and 18O-enriched CO2 from decarboxylation and pyrolysis of organic matter. Lower background concentrations of 13C-enriched carbonate in thermally unaffected coal may be linked to 13C-enrichment in residual CO2 in the process of CO2 reduction via microbial methanogenesis. Our compilation and comparison of available organic H, C, N isotopic findings on magmatic intrusions result in re-assessments of majors factors influencing isotopic shifts in kerogen during magmatic heating. (i) Thermally induced shifts in organic ??D values of kerogen are primarily driven by the availability of water or steam. Hydrologic isolation (e.g., near Illinois dikes) results in organic D-depletion in kerogen, whereas more common hydrologic connectivity results in organic D-enrichment. (ii) Shifts in kerogen (or coal) ??13C and ??15N values are typically small and may follow sinusoidal patterns over short distances from magmatic contacts. Laterally limited sampling strategies may thus result in misleading and non-representative data. (iii) Fluid transport of chemically active, mobile carbon and nitrogen species and recombination reactions with kerogen result in isotopic changes in kerogen that are unrelated to the original, autochthonous part of kerogen. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.027","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Schimmelmann, A., Mastalerz, M., Gao, L., Sauer, P., and Topalov, K., 2009, Dike intrusions into bituminous coal, Illinois Basin: H, C, N, O isotopic responses to rapid and brief heating: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 20, p. 6264-6281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.027.","startPage":"6264","endPage":"6281","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217175,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.027"},{"id":245096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a019de4b0c8380cd4fc8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gao, L.","contributorId":63651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauer, P.E.","contributorId":76335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Topalov, K.","contributorId":82562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topalov","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037367,"text":"70037367 - 2009 - Arsenic in the evolution of earth and extraterrestrial ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T10:29:39","indexId":"70037367","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1800,"text":"Geomicrobiology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic in the evolution of earth and extraterrestrial ecosystems","docAbstract":"If you were asked to speculate about the form extra-terrestrial life on Mars might take, which geomicrobial phenomenon might you select as a model system, assuming that life on Mars would be ‘primitive’? Give your reasons.
At the end of my senior year at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1968, I took Professor Ehrlich's final for his Geomicrobiology course. The above question beckoned to me like the Sirens to Odysseus, for if I answered, it would take so much time and thought that I would never get around to the exam's other essay questions and consequently, would be “shipwrecked” by flunking the course. So, I passed it up. With this 41-year perspective in mind, this manuscript is now submitted to Professor Ehrlich for (belated) “extra-credit.” R.S. Oremland
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/01490450903102525","issn":"01490451","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., Saltikov, C., Wolfe-Simon, F., and Stolz, J., 2009, Arsenic in the evolution of earth and extraterrestrial ecosystems: Geomicrobiology Journal, v. 26, no. 7, p. 522-536, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490450903102525.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"536","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217123,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490450903102525"},{"id":245040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed95e4b0c8380cd498ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saltikov, C.W.","contributorId":16216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltikov","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe-Simon, Felisa","contributorId":37167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe-Simon","given":"Felisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolz, J.F.","contributorId":94022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolz","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037398,"text":"70037398 - 2009 - Hydrologic control of nitrogen removal, storage, and export in a mountain stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T20:42:48.335062","indexId":"70037398","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic control of nitrogen removal, storage, and export in a mountain stream","docAbstract":"Nutrient cycling and export in streams and rivers should vary with flow regime, yet most studies of stream nutrient transformation do not include hydrologic variability. We used a stable isotope tracer of nitrogen (15N) to measure nitrate (NO3−) uptake, storage, and export in a mountain stream, Spring Creek, Idaho, U.S.A. We conducted two tracer tests of 2‐week duration during snowmelt and baseflow. Dissolved and particulate forms of 15N were monitored over three seasons to test the hypothesis that stream N cycling would be dominated by export during floods, and storage during low flow. Floods exported more N than during baseflow conditions; however, snowmelt floods had higher than expected demand for NO3− because of hyporheic exchange. residence times of benthic N during both tracer tests were longer than 100 d for ephemeral pools such as benthic algae and wood biofilms. Residence times were much longer in fine detritus, insects, and the particulate N from the hyporheic zone, showing that assimilation and hydrologic storage can be important mechanisms for retaining particulate N. Of the tracer N stored in the stream, the primary form of export was via seston during periods of high flows, produced by summer rainstorms or spring snowmelt the following year. Spring Creek is not necessarily a conduit for nutrients during high flow; hydrologic exchange between the stream and its valley represents an important storage mechanism.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.2128","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Hall, R., Baker, M.A., Arp, C., and Kocha, B., 2009, Hydrologic control of nitrogen removal, storage, and export in a mountain stream: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 54, no. 6, p. 2128-2142, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.2128.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2128","endPage":"2142","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.2128","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Spring Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 44.43377984606822\n ],\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 44.43377984606822\n ],\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a35a8e4b0c8380cd600e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, R.O.","contributorId":94890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, M. A.","contributorId":94849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kocha, B.J.","contributorId":69818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocha","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192572,"text":"70192572 - 2009 - Dynamic modeling of nitrogen losses in river networks unravels the coupled effects of hydrological and biogeochemical processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T09:41:12","indexId":"70192572","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic modeling of nitrogen losses in river networks unravels the coupled effects of hydrological and biogeochemical processes","docAbstract":"The importance of lotic systems as sinks for nitrogen inputs is well recognized. A fraction of nitrogen in streamflow is removed to the atmosphere via denitrification with the remainder exported in streamflow as nitrogen loads. At the watershed scale, there is a keen interest in understanding the factors that control the fate of nitrogen throughout the stream channel network, with particular attention to the processes that deliver large nitrogen loads to sensitive coastal ecosystems. We use a dynamic stream transport model to assess biogeochemical (nitrate loadings, concentration, temperature) and hydrological (discharge, depth, velocity) effects on reach-scale denitrification and nitrate removal in the river networks of two watersheds having widely differing levels of nitrate enrichment but nearly identical discharges. Stream denitrification is estimated by regression as a nonlinear function of nitrate concentration, streamflow, and temperature, using more than 300 published measurements from a variety of US streams. These relations are used in the stream transport model to characterize nitrate dynamics related to denitrification at a monthly time scale in the stream reaches of the two watersheds. Results indicate that the nitrate removal efficiency of streams, as measured by the percentage of the stream nitrate flux removed via denitrification per unit length of channel, is appreciably reduced during months with high discharge and nitrate flux and increases during months of low-discharge and flux. Biogeochemical factors, including land use, nitrate inputs, and stream concentrations, are a major control on reach-scale denitrification, evidenced by the disproportionately lower nitrate removal efficiency in streams of the highly nitrate-enriched watershed as compared with that in similarly sized streams in the less nitrate-enriched watershed. Sensitivity analyses reveal that these important biogeochemical factors and physical hydrological factors contribute nearly equally to seasonal and stream-size related variations in the percentage of the stream nitrate flux removed in each watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-008-9274-8","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Bohlke, J., Boyer, E.W., David, M.B., Harvey, J.W., Mulholland, P.J., Seitzinger, S.P., Tobias, C., Tonitto, C., and Wollheim, W.M., 2009, Dynamic modeling of nitrogen losses in river networks unravels the coupled effects of hydrological and biogeochemical processes: Biogeochemistry, v. 93, no. 1-2, p. 91-116, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9274-8.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"116","ipdsId":"IP-006213","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9274-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1-2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07f85fe4b09af898c8ce16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - 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Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mulholland, Patrick J.","contributorId":112634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulholland","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":32968,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Seitzinger, Sybil P.","contributorId":198506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitzinger","given":"Sybil","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":35252,"text":"Rutgers University, NJ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tobias, Craig R.","contributorId":23410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tobias","given":"Craig R.","affiliations":[{"id":32398,"text":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tonitto, Christina","contributorId":22168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tonitto","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wollheim, Wilfred M.","contributorId":139742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wollheim","given":"Wilfred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70037451,"text":"70037451 - 2009 - Urban streams across the USA: Lessons learned from studies in 9 metropolitan areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T21:34:54.194429","indexId":"70037451","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urban streams across the USA: Lessons learned from studies in 9 metropolitan areas","docAbstract":"Studies of the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems have usually focused on single metropolitan areas. Synthesis of the results of such studies have been useful in developing general conceptual models of the effects of urbanization, but the strength of such generalizations is enhanced by applying consistent study designs and methods to multiple metropolitan areas across large geographic scales. We summarized the results from studies of the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in 9 metropolitan areas across the US (Boston, Massachusetts; Raleigh, North Carolina; Atlanta, Georgia; Birmingham, Alabama; Milwaukee-Green Bay, Wisconsin; Denver, Colorado; Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Portland, Oregon). These studies were conducted as part of the US Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment Program and were based on a common study design and used standard sample-collection and processing methods to facilitate comparisons among study areas. All studies included evaluations of hydrology, physical habitat, water quality, and biota (algae, macroinvertebrates, fish). Four major conclusions emerged from the studies. First, responses of hydrologic, physical-habitat, water-quality, and biotic variables to urbanization varied among metropolitan areas, except that insecticide inputs consistently increased with urbanization. Second, prior land use, primarily forest and agriculture, appeared to be the most important determinant of the response of biota to urbanization in the areas we studied. Third, little evidence was found for resistance to the effects of urbanization by macroinvertebrate assemblages, even at low levels of urbanization. Fourth, benthic macroinvertebrates have important advantages for assessing the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems relative to algae and fishes. Overall, our results demonstrate regional differences in the effects of urbanization on stream biota and suggest additional studies to elucidate the causes of these underlying differences.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1899/08-153.1","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., Cuffney, T.F., Coles, J.F., Fitzpatrick, F., McMahon, G., Steuer, J., Bell, A.H., and May, J.T., 2009, Urban streams across the USA: Lessons learned from studies in 9 metropolitan areas: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1051-1069, https://doi.org/10.1899/08-153.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1051","endPage":"1069","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-008405","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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0000-0001-7675-777X gmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-777X","contributorId":191488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Gerard","email":"gmcmahon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steuer, Jeffrey","contributorId":97530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bell, Amanda H. 0000-0002-7199-2145 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sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T13:57:27.927546","indexId":"70034687","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodegradation of 17β-estradiol, estrone and testosterone in stream sediments","docAbstract":"Biodegradation of 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and testosterone (T) was investigated in three wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) affected streams in the United States. Relative differences in the mineralization of [4-14C] substrates were assessed in oxic microcosms containing saturated sediment or water-only from locations upstream and downstream of the WWTP outfall in each system. Upstream sediment demonstrated significant mineralization of the “A” ring of E2, E1, and T, with biodegradation of T consistently greater than that of E2 and no systematic difference in E2 and E1 biodegradation. “A” ring mineralization also was observed in downstream sediment, with E1 and T mineralization being substantially depressed relative to upstream samples. In marked contrast, E2 mineralization in sediment immediately downstream from the WWTP outfalls was more than double that in upstream sediment. E2 mineralization was observed in water, albeit at insufficient rate to prevent substantial downstream transport. The results indicate that, in combination with sediment sorption processes which effectively scavenge hydrophobic contaminants from the water column and immobilize them in the vicinity of the WWTP outfall, aerobic biodegradation of reproductive hormones can be an environmentally important mechanism for nonconservative (destructive) attenuation of hormonal endocrine disruptors in effluent-affected streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es802797j","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., Barber, L.B., Chapelle, F.H., Gray, J.L., Kolpin, D.W., and McMahon, P.B., 2009, Biodegradation of 17β-estradiol, estrone and testosterone in stream sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1902-1910, https://doi.org/10.1021/es802797j.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1902","endPage":"1910","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215569,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es802797j"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Iowa","city":"Arkeny, Boulder, Denver","otherGeospatial":"Fourmile Creek, Boulder Creek, South Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.69277954101561,\n 41.67086022030498\n ],\n [\n -93.69277954101561,\n 41.79998325207397\n ],\n [\n -93.48403930664062,\n 41.79998325207397\n ],\n [\n -93.48403930664062,\n 41.67086022030498\n ],\n [\n -93.69277954101561,\n 41.67086022030498\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.567626953125,\n 39.55064761909318\n ],\n [\n -105.567626953125,\n 40.13269100586688\n ],\n [\n -104.556884765625,\n 40.13269100586688\n ],\n [\n -104.556884765625,\n 39.55064761909318\n ],\n [\n -105.567626953125,\n 39.55064761909318\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f145e4b0c8380cd4ab42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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2009 - Sources of uncertainty in flood inundation maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-08T15:42:25","indexId":"70034690","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2289,"text":"Journal of Flood Risk Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of uncertainty in flood inundation maps","docAbstract":"Flood inundation maps typically have been used to depict inundated areas for floods having specific exceedance levels. The uncertainty associated with the inundation boundaries is seldom quantified, in part, because all of the sources of uncertainty are not recognized and because data available to quantify uncertainty seldom are available. Sources of uncertainty discussed in this paper include hydrologic data used for hydraulic model development and validation, topographic data, and the hydraulic model. The assumption of steady flow, which typically is made to produce inundation maps, has less of an effect on predicted inundation at lower flows than for higher flows because more time typically is required to inundate areas at high flows than at low flows. Difficulties with establishing reasonable cross sections that do not intersect and that represent water-surface slopes in tributaries contribute additional uncertainties in the hydraulic modelling. As a result, uncertainty in the flood inundation polygons simulated with a one-dimensional model increases with distance from the main channel.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Flood Risk Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01029.x","usgsCitation":"Bales, J., and Wagner, C.R., 2009, Sources of uncertainty in flood inundation maps: Journal of Flood Risk Management, v. 2, no. 2, p. 139-147, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01029.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476446,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318x.2009.01029.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215601,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01029.x"},{"id":243415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9397e4b08c986b31a59d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, J. D.","contributorId":21569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, C. R.","contributorId":102881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034714,"text":"70034714 - 2009 - Monitoring the removal of phosphate from ground water discharging through a pond-bottom permeable reactive barrier","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T11:23:57","indexId":"70034714","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the removal of phosphate from ground water discharging through a pond-bottom permeable reactive barrier","docAbstract":"Installation of a permeable reactive barrier to intercept a phosphate (PO4) plume where it discharges to a pond provided an opportunity to develop and test methods for monitoring the barrier’s performance in the shallow pond‐bottom sediments. The barrier is composed of zero‐valent‐iron mixed with the native sediments to a 0.6‐m depth over a 1100‐m2 area. Permanent suction, diffusion, and seepage samplers were installed to monitor PO4 and other chemical species along vertical transects through the barrier and horizontal transects below and near the top of the barrier. Analysis of pore water sampled at about 3‐cm vertical intervals by using multilevel diffusion and suction samplers indicated steep decreases in PO4 concentrations in ground water flowing upward through the barrier. Samples from vertically aligned pairs of horizontal multiport suction samplers also indicated substantial decreases in PO4 concentrations and lateral shifts in the plume’s discharge area as a result of varying pond stage. Measurements from Lee‐style seepage meters indicated substantially decreased PO4 concentrations in discharging ground water in the treated area; temporal trends in water flux were related to pond stage. The advantages and limitations of each sampling device are described. Preliminary analysis of the first 2 years of data indicates that the barrier reduced PO4 flux by as much as 95%.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01235.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"McCobb, T., LeBlanc, D., and Massey, A., 2009, Monitoring the removal of phosphate from ground water discharging through a pond-bottom permeable reactive barrier: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 29, no. 2, p. 43-55, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01235.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476227,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01235.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215926,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01235.x"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5df1e4b0c8380cd706d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCobb, T.D. 0000-0003-1533-847X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-847X","contributorId":97944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCobb","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.R.","contributorId":87141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Massey, A.J.","contributorId":17065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034464,"text":"70034464 - 2009 - Paleosols in central Illinois as potential sources of ammonium in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034464","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleosols in central Illinois as potential sources of ammonium in groundwater","docAbstract":"Glacially buried paleosols of pre-Holocene age were evaluated as potential sources for anomalously large concentrations of ammonium in groundwater in East Central Illinois. Ammonium has been detected at concentrations that are problematic to water treatment facilities (greater than 2.0 mg/L) in this region. Paleosols characterized for this study were of Quaternary age, specifically Robein Silt samples. Paleosol samples displayed significant capacity to both store and release ammonium through experiments measuring processes of sorption, ion exchange, and weathering. Bacteria and fungi within paleosols may significantly facilitate the leaching of ammonium into groundwater by the processes of assimilation and mineralization. Bacterial genetic material (DNA) was successfully extracted from the Robein Silt, purified, and amplified by polymerase chain reaction to produce 16S rRNA terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) community analyses. The Robein Silt was found to have established diverse and viable bacterial communities. 16S rRNA TRFLP comparisons to well-known bacterial species yielded possible matches with facultative chemolithotrophs, cellulose consumers, nitrate reducers, and actinomycetes. It was concluded that the Robein Silt is both a source and reservoir for groundwater ammonium. Therefore, the occurrence of relatively large concentrations of ammonium in groundwater monitoring data may not necessarily be an indication of only anthropogenic contamination. The results of this study, however, need to be placed in a hydrological context to better understand whether paleosols can be a significant source of ammonium to drinking water supplies. ?? 2009 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01257.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Glessner, J.J., and Roy, W.R., 2009, Paleosols in central Illinois as potential sources of ammonium in groundwater: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 29, no. 4, p. 56-64, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01257.x.","startPage":"56","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216567,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01257.x"},{"id":244445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7455e4b0c8380cd775b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glessner, Justin J. G.","contributorId":69391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glessner","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"J. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176169,"text":"70176169 - 2009 - Primary factors affecting water quality and quantity in four watersheds in Eastern Puerto Rico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70176169,"text":"70176169 - 2009 - Primary factors affecting water quality and quantity in four watersheds in Eastern Puerto Rico","indexId":"70176169","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Primary factors affecting water quality and quantity in four watersheds in Eastern Puerto Rico"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T16:14:16","indexId":"70176169","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Primary factors affecting water quality and quantity in four watersheds in Eastern Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program, four small watersheds in eastern Puerto Rico were monitored to identify and evaluate the effects of geology, landcover, atmospheric deposition, and other factors on stream water quality and quantity. Two catchments are located on coarse-grained granitic plutonic rocks, which weather to quartz- and clay-rich, sandy soils, and two are located on fine-grained volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic sediments, which weather to quartz-poor, fine-grained soils. These differing soil materials result in different hydrologic regimes. Soils on the granitic rocks have greater permeability than those developed on the volcaniclastic rocks, allowing more water infiltration and potentially greater landslide erosion rates. For each bedrock type, one catchment was covered with mature rainforest, and the other catchment was affected by agricultural practices typical of eastern Puerto Rico. These practices led to the erosion of much of the original surface soil in the agricultural watersheds, which introduced large quantities of sediment to stream channels. The agricultural watersheds are undergoing natural reforestation, like much of Puerto Rico. Eastern Puerto Rico receives large atmospheric inputs of marine salts, pollutants from the Northern Hemisphere, and Saharan Desert dust. Marine salts contribute over 80 percent of the ionic charge in precipitation, with peak inputs in January. Intense storms, mostly hurricanes, are associated with exceptionally high chloride concentrations in stream waters. Temperate pollution contributes nitrate, ammonia, and sulfate, with maximum inputs during northern cold fronts in January, April, and May. Pollution inputs have increased through time. Desert dust peaks in June and July, during times of maximum dust transport from the Saharan Desert across the Atlantic Ocean.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Third interagency conference on research in the watersheds","conferenceDate":"September 8-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Murphy, S.F., and Stallard, R.F., 2009, Primary factors affecting water quality and quantity in four watersheds in Eastern Puerto Rico, in Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049), Estes Park, CO, September 8-11, 2008, p. 251-256.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"256","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5049/pdf/Murphy.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.137451171875,\n 18.516074596589366\n ],\n [\n -66.95068359374999,\n 18.500447458475094\n ],\n [\n -66.7584228515625,\n 18.500447458475094\n ],\n [\n -66.588134765625,\n 18.500447458475094\n ],\n [\n -66.37939453125,\n 18.495238095433262\n ],\n [\n -66.1431884765625,\n 18.495238095433262\n ],\n [\n -65.93994140625,\n 18.47960905583197\n ],\n [\n -65.7586669921875,\n 18.437924653474393\n ],\n [\n -65.599365234375,\n 18.38059209146221\n ],\n [\n -65.5828857421875,\n 18.239785970838884\n ],\n [\n -65.7476806640625,\n 18.119749966946426\n ],\n [\n -65.8740234375,\n 17.973508079068797\n ],\n [\n -66.2310791015625,\n 17.900341634875257\n ],\n [\n -66.62109375,\n 17.936928637549443\n ],\n [\n -66.939697265625,\n 17.900341634875257\n ],\n [\n -67.2308349609375,\n 17.90556881196468\n ],\n [\n -67.24731445312499,\n 18.067534687203104\n ],\n [\n -67.236328125,\n 18.22935133838668\n ],\n [\n -67.291259765625,\n 18.323240460443387\n ],\n [\n -67.30224609375,\n 18.385804931297415\n ],\n [\n -67.203369140625,\n 18.432713391700858\n ],\n [\n -67.203369140625,\n 18.47960905583197\n ],\n [\n -67.137451171875,\n 18.516074596589366\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b0f0e4b0f2f0cebe6570","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stallard, Robert F. 0000-0001-8209-7608 stallard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":1924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"Robert","email":"stallard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034798,"text":"70034798 - 2009 - Hydrologic support of carbon dioxide flux revealed by whole-lake carbon budgets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:35:57","indexId":"70034798","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic support of carbon dioxide flux revealed by whole-lake carbon budgets","docAbstract":"Freshwater lakes are an important component of the global carbon cycle through both organic carbon (OC) sequestration and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emission. Most lakes have a net annual loss of CO2 to the atmosphere and substantial current evidence suggests that biologic mineralization of allochthonous OC maintains this flux. Because net CO 2 flux to the atmosphere implies net mineralization of OC within the lake ecosystem, it is also commonly assumed that net annual CO2 emission indicates negative net ecosystem production (NEP). We explored the relationship between atmospheric CO2 emission and NEP in two lakes known to have contrasting hydrologie characteristics and net CO2 emission. We calculated NEP for calendar year 2004 using whole-lake OC and inorganic carbon (IC) budgets, NEPoc and NEPIC, respectively, and compared the resulting values to measured annual CO 2 flux from the lakes. In both lakes, NEPIc and NEP Ic were positive, indicating net autotrophy. Therefore CO2 emission from these lakes was apparently not supported by mineralization of allochthonous organic material. In both lakes, hydrologie CO2 inputs, as well as CO2 evolved from netcalcite precipitation, could account for the net CO2 emission. NEP calculated from diel CO2 measurements was also affected by hydrologie inputs of CO2. These results indicate that CO2 emission and positive NEP may coincide in lakes, especially in carbonate terrain, and that all potential geologic, biogeochemical, and hydrologie sources of CO2 need to be accounted for when using CO2 concentrations to infer lake NEP. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JG000783","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Stets, E., Striegl, R.G., Aiken, G., Rosenberry, D., and Winter, T.C., 2009, Hydrologic support of carbon dioxide flux revealed by whole-lake carbon budgets: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 114, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000783.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215759,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000783"}],"volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a368fe4b0c8380cd607f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stets, E.G.","contributorId":52791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stets","given":"E.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":447682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034850,"text":"70034850 - 2009 - Methylmercury enters an aquatic food web through acidophilic microbial mats in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T15:20:29.282436","indexId":"70034850","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1548,"text":"Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylmercury enters an aquatic food web through acidophilic microbial mats in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Microbial mats are a visible and abundant life form inhabiting the extreme environments in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), WY, USA. Little is known of their role in food webs that exist in the Park's geothermal habitats. Eukaryotic green algae associated with a phototrophic green/purple Zygogonium microbial mat community that inhabits low-temperature regions of acidic (pH ∼ 3.0) thermal springs were found to serve as a food source for stratiomyid (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae. Mercury in spring source water was taken up and concentrated by the mat biomass. Monomethylmercury compounds (MeHg+), while undetectable or near the detection limit (0.025 ng l−1) in the source water of the springs, was present at concentrations of 4–7 ng g−1 dry weight of mat biomass. Detection of MeHg+ in tracheal tissue of larvae grazing the mat suggests that MeHg+ enters this geothermal food web through the phototrophic microbial mat community. The concentration of MeHg+ was two to five times higher in larval tissue than mat biomass indicating MeHg+ biomagnification occurred between primary producer and primary consumer trophic levels. The Zygogonium mat community and stratiomyid larvae may also play a role in the transfer of MeHg+ to species in the food web whose range extends beyond a particular geothermal feature of YNP.
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