{"pageNumber":"221","pageRowStart":"5500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10465,"records":[{"id":70036737,"text":"70036737 - 2009 - Comparison of monkeypox viruses pathogenesis in mice by in vivo imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:36:39","indexId":"70036737","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of monkeypox viruses pathogenesis in mice by in vivo imaging","docAbstract":"Monkeypox viruses (MPXV) cause human monkeypox, a zoonotic smallpox-like disease endemic to Africa, and are of worldwide public health and biodefense concern. Using viruses from the Congo (MPXV-2003-Congo-358) and West African (MPXV-2003-USA-044) clades, we constructed recombinant viruses that express the luciferase gene (MPXV-Congo/Luc+and MPXV-USA-Luc+) and compared their viral infection in mice by biophotonic imaging. BALB/c mice became infected by both MPXV clades, but they recovered and cleared the infection within 10 days post-infection (PI). However, infection in severe combined immune deficient (SCID) BALB/c mice resulted in 100% lethality. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of both MPXV-Congo and MPXV-Congo/Luc+resulted in a systemic clinical disease and the same mean time-to-death at 9 (??0) days post-infection. Likewise, IP injection of SCID-BALB/c mice with MPXV-USA or the MPXV-USA-Luc+, resulted in similar disease but longer (P<0.05) mean time-to-death (11??0 days) for both viruses compared to the Congo strains. Imaging studies in SCID mice showed luminescence in the abdomen within 24 hours PI with subsequent spread elsewhere. Animals infected with the MPXV-USA/Luc+had less intense luminescence in tissues than those inoculated with MPXV-Congo/Luc+, and systemic spread of the MPXV-USA/Luc+virus occurred approximately two days later than the MPXV-Congo/Luc+. The ovary was an important target for viral replication as evidenced by the high viral titers and immunohistochemistry. These studies demonstrate the suitability of a mouse model and biophotonic imaging to compare the disease progression and tissue tropism of MPX viruses.","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0006592","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Osorio, J., Iams, K.P., Meteyer, C.U., and Rocke, T.E., 2009, Comparison of monkeypox viruses pathogenesis in mice by in vivo imaging: PLoS ONE, v. 4, no. 8, e6592; 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006592.","productDescription":"e6592; 10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476241,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006592","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217624,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006592"}],"volume":"4","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f878e4b0c8380cd4d11a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osorio, Jorge E.","contributorId":50392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osorio","given":"Jorge E.","affiliations":[{"id":13052,"text":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iams, Keith P.","contributorId":81343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iams","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032947,"text":"70032947 - 2009 - Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032947","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city","docAbstract":"Saline waste waters from industrial and water treatment processes are an under-utilized resource in desert urban environments. Management practices to safely use these water sources are still in development. We used a deeprooted native halophyte, Atriplex lentiformis (quailbush), to absorb mildly saline effluent (1800 mg l-1 total dissolved solids, mainly sodium sulfate) from a water treatment plant in the desert community of Twentynine Palms, California. We developed a deficit irrigation strategy to avoid discharging water past the root zone to the aquifer. The plants were irrigated at about one-third the rate of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculated from meteorological data over five years and soil moisture levels were monitored to a soil depth of 4.7 m at monthly intervals with a neutron hydroprobe. The deficit irrigation schedule maintained the soil below field capacity throughout the study. Water was presented on a more or less constant schedule, so that the application rates were less than ETo in summer and equal to or slightly greater than ETo in winter, but the plants were able to consume water stored in the profile in winter to support summer ET. Sodium salts gradually increased in the soil profile over the study but sulfate levels remained low, due to formation of gypsum in the calcic soil. The high salt tolerance, deep roots, and drought tolerance of desert halophytes such as A. lentiformis lend these plants to use as deficit-irrigated landscape plants for disposal of effluents in urban setting when protection of the aquifer is important. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape and Urban Planning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008","issn":"01692","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Mckeon, C., Gerhart, V., Nagler, P., Jordan, F., and Artiola, J., 2009, Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 89, no. 3-4, p. 57-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008.","startPage":"57","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213578,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.008"},{"id":241216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe36e4b0c8380cd4ebc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mckeon, C.","contributorId":83342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mckeon","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerhart, V.","contributorId":71006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordan, F.","contributorId":80622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Artiola, J.","contributorId":82136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artiola","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036632,"text":"70036632 - 2009 - Size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:02:23","indexId":"70036632","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic margin","docAbstract":"Assessment of the probability for destructive landslide-generated tsunamis depends on the knowledge of the number, size, and frequency of large submarine landslides. This paper investigates the size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic continental slope and rise using the size of the landslide source regions (landslide failure scars). Landslide scars along the margin identified in a detailed bathymetric Digital Elevation Model (DEM) have areas that range between 0.89??km<sup>2</sup> and 2410??km<sup>2</sup> and volumes between 0.002??km<sup>3</sup> and 179??km<sup>3</sup>. The area to volume relationship of these failure scars is almost linear (inverse power-law exponent close to 1), suggesting a fairly uniform failure thickness of a few 10s of meters in each event, with only rare, deep excavating landslides. The cumulative volume distribution of the failure scars is very well described by a log-normal distribution rather than by an inverse power-law, the most commonly used distribution for both subaerial and submarine landslides. A log-normal distribution centered on a volume of 0.86??km<sup>3</sup> may indicate that landslides preferentially mobilize a moderate amount of material (on the order of 1??km<sup>3</sup>), rather than large landslides or very small ones. Alternatively, the log-normal distribution may reflect an inverse power law distribution modified by a size-dependent probability of observing landslide scars in the bathymetry data. If the latter is the case, an inverse power-law distribution with an exponent of 1.3 ?? 0.3, modified by a size-dependent conditional probability of identifying more failure scars with increasing landslide size, fits the observed size distribution. This exponent value is similar to the predicted exponent of 1.2 ?? 0.3 for subaerial landslides in unconsolidated material. Both the log-normal and modified inverse power-law distributions of the observed failure scar volumes suggest that large landslides, which have the greatest potential to generate damaging tsunamis, occur infrequently along the margin. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.007","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Chaytor, J., ten Brink, U., Solow, A., and Andrews, B., 2009, Size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic margin: Marine Geology, v. 264, no. 1-2, p. 16-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.007.","startPage":"16","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217474,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.007"}],"volume":"264","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b911ae4b08c986b319769","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaytor, J.D.","contributorId":80936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solow, A.R.","contributorId":9404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solow","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andrews, B.D.","contributorId":87737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036630,"text":"70036630 - 2009 - Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:47:20","indexId":"70036630","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens","docAbstract":"Arc magmatism at subduction zones (SZs) most voluminously supplies juvenile igneous material to build rafts of continental and intra-oceanic or island arc (CIA) crust. Return or recycling of accumulated CIA material to the mantle is also most vigorous at SZs. Recycling is effected by the processes of sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and detachment and sinking of deeply underthrust sectors of CIA crust. Long-term (&gt;10-20 Ma) rates of additions and losses can be estimated from observational data gathered where oceanic crust underruns modern, long-running (Cenozoic to mid-Mesozoic) ocean-margin subduction zones (OMSZs, e.g. Aleutian and South America SZs). Long-term rates can also be observationally assessed at Mesozoic and older crust-suturing subduction zone (CSSZs) where thick bodies of CIA crust collided in tectonic contact (e.g. Wopmay and Appalachian orogens, India and SE Asia). At modern OMSZs arc magmatic additions at intra-oceanic arcs and at continental margins are globally estimated at c. 1.5 AU and c. 1.0 AU, respectively (1 AU, or Armstrong Unit,= 1 km<sup>3</sup> a<sup>-1</sup> of solid material). During collisional suturing at fossil CSSZs, global arc magmatic addition is estimated at 0.2 AU. This assessment presumes that in the past the global length of crustal collision zones averaged c. 6000 km, which is one-half that under way since the early Tertiary. The average long-term rate of arc magmatic additions extracted from modern OMSZs and older CSSZs is thus evaluated at 2.7 AU. Crustal recycling at Mesozoic and younger OMSZs is assessed at c. 60 km<sup>3</sup> Ma<sup>-1</sup> km<sup>-1</sup> (c. 60% by subduction erosion). The corresponding global recycling rate is c. 2.5 AU. At CSSZs of Mesozoic, Palaeozoic and Proterozoic age, the combined upper and lower plate losses of CIA crust via subduction erosion, sediment subduction, and lower plate crustal detachment and sinking are assessed far less securely at c. 115 km<sup>3</sup> Ma<sup>-1</sup> km<sup>-1</sup>. At a global length of 6000 km, recycling at CSSZs is accordingly c. 0.7 AU. The collective loss of CIA crust estimated for modern OMSZs and for older CSSZs is thus estimated at c. 3.2 AU. SZ additions (2.7 AU) and subtractions (23.2 AU) are similar. Because many uncertainties and assumptions are involved in assessing and applying them to the deep past, the net growth of CIA crust during at least Phanerozoic time is viewed as effectively nil. With increasing uncertainty, the long-term balance can be applied to the Proterozoic, but not before the initiation of the present style of subduction at c. 3 Ga. Allowing that since this time a rounded-down rate of recycling of 3 AU is applicable, a startlingly high volume of CIA crust equal to that existing now has been recycled to the mantle. Although the recycled volume (c. 9 ?? 10<sup>9</sup> km<sup>3</sup>) is small (c. 1%) compared with that of the mantle, it is large enough to impart to the mantle the signature of recycled CIA crust. Because subduction zones are not spatially fixed, and their average global lengths have episodically been less or greater than at present, recycling must have contributed significantly to creating recognized heterogeneities in mantle geochemistry. ?? The Geological Society of London 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1144/SP318.4","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D., and von Huene, R.E., 2009, Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 318, p. 105-125, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP318.4.","startPage":"105","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/SP318.4"}],"issue":"318","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3922e4b0c8380cd617f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036626,"text":"70036626 - 2009 - Compression-cuticle relationship of seed ferns: Insights from liquid-solid states FTIR (Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic, Canada-Spain-Argentina)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036626","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compression-cuticle relationship of seed ferns: Insights from liquid-solid states FTIR (Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic, Canada-Spain-Argentina)","docAbstract":"Cuticles have been macerated from suitably preserved compressed fossil foliage by Schulze's process for the past 150 years, whereas the physical-biochemical relationship between the \"coalified layer\" with preserved cuticle as a unit has hardly been investigated, although they provide complementary information. This relationship is conceptualized by an analogue model of the anatomy of an extant leaf: \"vitrinite (mesophyll) + cuticle (biomacropolymer) = compression\". Alkaline solutions from Schulze's process as a proxy for the vitrinite, are studied by means of liquid-solid states Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, cuticle-free coalified layers and fossilized cuticles of seed ferns mainly from Canada, Spain and Argentina of Late Pennsylvanian-Late Triassic age are included in the study sample. Infrared data of cuticle and alkaline solutions differ which is primarily contingent on the mesophyll +biomacropolymer characteristics. The compression records two pathways of organic matter transformation. One is the vitrinized component that reflects the diagenetic-post-diagenetic coalification history parallel with the evolution of the associated coal seam. The other is the cuticle that reflects the sum-total of evolutionary pathway of the biomacropolymer, its monomeric, or polymeric fragmentation, though factors promoting preservation include entombing clay minerals and lower pH conditions. Caution is advised when interpreting liquid-state-based FTIR data, as some IR signals may have resulted from the interaction of Schulze's process with the cuticular biochemistry. A biochemical-study course for taphonomy is suggested, as fossilized cuticles, cuticle-free coalified layers, and compressions are responses to shared physicogeochemical factors. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.001","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Zodrow, E., D’Angelo, J.A., Mastalerz, M., and Keefe, D., 2009, Compression-cuticle relationship of seed ferns: Insights from liquid-solid states FTIR (Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic, Canada-Spain-Argentina): International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 79, no. 3, p. 61-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.001.","startPage":"61","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217814,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.001"},{"id":245786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f946e4b0c8380cd4d539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zodrow, E.L.","contributorId":99328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zodrow","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Angelo, J. A.","contributorId":35133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Angelo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keefe, D.","contributorId":25019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036593,"text":"70036593 - 2009 - A simplified water temperature model for the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:59:04","indexId":"70036593","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simplified water temperature model for the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam","docAbstract":"Glen Canyon Dam, located on the Colorado River in northern Arizona, has affected the physical, biological and cultural resources of the river downstream in Grand Canyon. One of the impacts to the downstream physical environment that has important implications for the aquatic ecosystem is the transformation of the thermal regime from highly variable seasonally to relatively constant year-round, owing to hypolimnetic releases from the upstream reservoir, Lake Powell. Because of the perceived impacts on the downstream aquatic ecosystem and native fish communities, the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program has considered modifications to flow releases and release temperatures designed to increase downstream temperatures. Here, we present a new model of monthly average water temperatures below Glen Canyon Dam designed for first-order, relatively simple evaluation of various alternative dam operations. The model is based on a simplified heat-exchange equation, and model parameters are estimated empirically. The model predicts monthly average temperatures at locations up to 421 km downstream from the dam with average absolute errors less than 0.58C for the dataset considered. The modelling approach used here may also prove useful for other systems, particularly below large dams where release temperatures are substantially out of equilibrium with meteorological conditions. We also present some examples of how the model can be used to evaluate scenarios for the operation of Glen Canyon Dam.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1179","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., Anderson, C., and Voichick, N., 2009, A simplified water temperature model for the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam: River Research and Applications, v. 25, no. 6, p. 675-686, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1179.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"686","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217758,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1179"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e595e4b0c8380cd46e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, S.A.","contributorId":90080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, C.R.","contributorId":37181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voichick, N.","contributorId":7118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voichick","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032335,"text":"70032335 - 2009 - Simulated dynamics of carbon stocks driven by changes in land use, management and climate in a tropical moist ecosystem of Ghana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T11:25:35","indexId":"70032335","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated dynamics of carbon stocks driven by changes in land use, management and climate in a tropical moist ecosystem of Ghana","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sub-Saharan Africa is large and diverse with regions of food insecurity and high vulnerability to climate change. This project quantifies carbon stocks and fluxes in the humid forest zone of Ghana, as a part of an assessment in West Africa. The General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) was used to simulate the responses of natural and managed systems to projected scenarios of changes in climate, land use and cover, and nitrogen fertilization in the Assin district of Ghana. Model inputs included historical land use and cover data, historical climate records and projected climate changes, and national management inventories. Our results show that deforestation for crop production led to a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) by 33% from 1900 to 2000. The results also show that the trend of carbon emissions from cropland in the 20th century will continue through the 21st century and will be increased under the projected warming and drying scenarios. Nitrogen (N) fertilization in agricultural systems could offset SOC loss by 6% with 30&nbsp;kg&nbsp;N&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>−1</sup><span> and by 11% with 60&nbsp;kg&nbsp;N&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. To increase N fertilizer input would be one of the vital adaptive measures to ensure food security and maintain agricultural sustainability through the 21st century.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.004","issn":"01678","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Liu, S., Tieszen, L., and Tachie-Obeng, E., 2009, Simulated dynamics of carbon stocks driven by changes in land use, management and climate in a tropical moist ecosystem of Ghana: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 130, no. 3-4, p. 171-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.004"}],"volume":"130","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f8ce4b08c986b318fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Z.","contributorId":60831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tachie-Obeng, E.","contributorId":82550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tachie-Obeng","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036546,"text":"70036546 - 2009 - A critical evaluation of crustal dehydration as the cause of an overpressured and weak San Andreas Fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036546","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A critical evaluation of crustal dehydration as the cause of an overpressured and weak San Andreas Fault","docAbstract":"Many plate boundary faults, including the San Andreas Fault, appear to slip at unexpectedly low shear stress. One long-standing explanation for a \"weak\" San Andreas Fault is that fluid release by dehydration reactions during regional metamorphism generates elevated fluid pressures that are localized within the fault, reducing the effective normal stress. We evaluate this hypothesis by calculating realistic fluid production rates for the San Andreas Fault system, and incorporating them into 2-D fluid flow models. Our results show that for a wide range of permeability distributions, fluid sources from crustal dehydration are too small and short-lived to generate, sustain, or localize fluid pressures in the fault sufficient to explain its apparent mechanical weakness. This suggests that alternative mechanisms, possibly acting locally within the fault zone, such as shear compaction or thermal pressurization, may be necessary to explain a weak San Andreas Fault. More generally, our results demonstrate the difficulty of localizing large fluid pressures generated by regional processes within near-vertical fault zones. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.009","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Fulton, P., Saffer, D., and Bekins, B., 2009, A critical evaluation of crustal dehydration as the cause of an overpressured and weak San Andreas Fault: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 284, no. 3-4, p. 447-454, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.009.","startPage":"447","endPage":"454","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217613,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.009"},{"id":245569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"284","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e39fe4b0c8380cd46135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulton, P.M.","contributorId":47552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saffer, D.M.","contributorId":72945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saffer","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032486,"text":"70032486 - 2009 - Hydrograph separation for karst watersheds using a two-domain rainfall-discharge model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032486","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrograph separation for karst watersheds using a two-domain rainfall-discharge model","docAbstract":"Highly parameterized, physically based models may be no more effective at simulating the relations between rainfall and outflow from karst watersheds than are simpler models. Here an antecedent rainfall and convolution model was used to separate a karst watershed hydrograph into two outflow components: one originating from focused recharge in conduits and one originating from slow flow in a porous annex system. In convolution, parameters of a complex system are lumped together in the impulse-response function (IRF), which describes the response of the system to an impulse of effective precipitation. Two parametric functions in superposition approximate the two-domain IRF. The outflow hydrograph can be separated into flow components by forward modeling with isolated IRF components, which provides an objective criterion for separation. As an example, the model was applied to a karst watershed in the Madison aquifer, South Dakota, USA. Simulation results indicate that this watershed is characterized by a flashy response to storms, with a peak response time of 1 day, but that 89% of the flow results from the slow-flow domain, with a peak response time of more than 1 year. This long response time may be the result of perched areas that store water above the main water table. Simulation results indicated that some aspects of the system are stationary but that nonlinearities also exist.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.001","issn":"00221","usgsCitation":"Long, A., 2009, Hydrograph separation for karst watersheds using a two-domain rainfall-discharge model: Journal of Hydrology, v. 364, no. 3-4, p. 249-256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.001.","startPage":"249","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213819,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.001"},{"id":241479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"364","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a34f6e4b0c8380cd5fb7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032807,"text":"70032807 - 2009 - Discriminating assimilants and decoupling deep- vs. shallow-level crystal records at Mount Adams using 238U-230Th disequilibria and Os isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T13:55:21.779809","indexId":"70032807","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Discriminating assimilants and decoupling deep- vs. shallow-level crystal records at Mount Adams using <sup>238</sup>U-<sup>230</sup>Th disequilibria and Os isotopes","title":"Discriminating assimilants and decoupling deep- vs. shallow-level crystal records at Mount Adams using 238U-230Th disequilibria and Os isotopes","docAbstract":"<p><span>A suite of 23 basaltic to dacitic lavas erupted over the last 350&nbsp;kyr from the Mount Adams volcanic field has been analyzed for U–Th isotope compositions to evaluate the roles of mantle versus crustal components during magma genesis. All of the lavas have (</span><sup>230</sup><span>Th/</span><sup>238</sup><span>U) &gt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>1 and span a large range in (</span><sup>230</sup><span>Th/</span><sup>232</sup><span>Th) ratios, and most basalts have higher (</span><sup>230</sup><span>Th/</span><sup>232</sup><span>Th) ratios than andesites and dacites. Several of the lavas contain antecrysts (crystals of pre-existing material), yet internal U–Th mineral isochrons from six of seven lavas are indistinguishable from their eruption ages. This indicates a relatively brief period of time between crystal growth and eruption for most of the phenocrysts (olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, magnetite) prior to eruption. One isochron gave a crystallization age that is ~</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>20–25&nbsp;ka older than its corresponding eruptive age, and is interpreted to reflect mixing of older and juvenile crystals or a protracted period of magma storage in the crust. Much of the eruptive volume since 350&nbsp;ka consists of lavas that have small to moderate&nbsp;</span><sup>230</sup><span>Th excesses (2–16%), which are likely inherited from melting of a garnet-bearing intraplate (“OIB-like”) mantle source. Following melt generation and subsequent migration through the upper mantle, most Mt. Adams magmas interacted with young, mafic lower crust, as indicated by&nbsp;</span><sup>187</sup><span>Os/</span><sup>188</sup><span>Os ratios that are substantially more radiogenic than the mantle or those expected via mixing of subducted material and the mantle wedge. Moreover, Os–Th isotope variations suggest that unusually large&nbsp;</span><sup>230</sup><span>Th excesses (25–48%) and high&nbsp;</span><sup>187</sup><span>Os/</span><sup>188</sup><span>Os ratios in some peripheral lavas reflect assimilation of small degree partial melts of pre-Quaternary basement that had residual garnet or Al-rich clinopyroxene. Despite the isotopic evidence for lower crustal assimilation, these processes are not generally recorded in the erupted phenocrysts, indicating that the crystal record of the deep-level ‘cryptic’ processes has been decoupled from shallow-level crystallization.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2008.09.035","usgsCitation":"Jicha, B.R., Johnson, C.M., Hildreth, W., Beard, B.L., Hart, G.L., Shirey, S.B., and Singer, B.S., 2009, Discriminating assimilants and decoupling deep- vs. shallow-level crystal records at Mount Adams using 238U-230Th disequilibria and Os isotopes: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 277, no. 1-2, p. 38-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.09.035.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-007730","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Adams","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.6241455078125,\n              46.08847179577592\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.26983642578124,\n              46.08847179577592\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.26983642578124,\n              46.27673288302042\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6241455078125,\n              46.27673288302042\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6241455078125,\n              46.08847179577592\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"277","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01f6e4b0c8380cd4fe02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jicha, Brian R. 0000-0002-1228-515X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1228-515X","contributorId":229557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jicha","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":438000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Clark M.","contributorId":195431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Clark","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hildreth, Wes 0000-0002-7925-4251 hildreth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":2221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"hildreth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beard, Brian L.","contributorId":195430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beard","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hart, Garret L.","contributorId":198281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Garret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shirey, Steven B.","contributorId":198282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirey","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Singer, Brad S. 0000-0003-3595-5168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3595-5168","contributorId":229592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singer","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":41688,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53716, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":438001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033011,"text":"70033011 - 2009 - Lagrangian sampling for emerging contaminants through an urban stream corridor in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:17:46","indexId":"70033011","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lagrangian sampling for emerging contaminants through an urban stream corridor in Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent national concerns regarding the environmental occurrence of emerging contaminants (ECs) have catalyzed a series of recent studies. Many ECs are released into the environment through discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and other sources. In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey and the City of Longmont initiated an investigation of selected ECs in a 13.8‐km reach of St. Vrain Creek, Colorado. Seven sites were sampled for ECs following a Lagrangian design; sites were located upstream, downstream, and in the outfall of the Longmont WWTP, and at the mouths of two tributaries, Left Hand Creek and Boulder Creek (which is influenced by multiple WWTP outfalls). Samples for 61 ECs in 16 chemical use categories were analyzed and 36 were detected in one or more samples. Of these, 16 have known or suspected endocrine‐disrupting potential. At and downstream from the WWTP outfall, detergent metabolites, fire retardants, and steroids were detected at the highest concentrations, which commonly exceeded 1 μg/l in 2005 and 2 μg/l in 2006. Most individual ECs were measured at concentrations less than 2 μg/l. The results indicate that outfalls from WWTPs are the largest but may not be the sole source of ECs in St. Vrain Creek. In 2005, high discharge was associated with fewer EC detections, lower total EC concentrations, and smaller EC loads in St. Vrain Creek and its tributaries as compared with 2006. EC behavior differed by individual compound, and some differences between sites could be attributed to analytical variability or to other factors such as physical or chemical characteristics or distance from contributing sources. Loads of some ECs, such as diethoxynonylphenol, accumulated or attenuated depending on location, discharge, and distance downstream from the WWTP, whereas others, such as bisphenol A, were largely conservative. The extent to which ECs in St. Vrain Creek affect native fish species and macroinvertebrate communities is unknown, but recent studies have shown that fish respond to very low concentrations of ECs, and further study on the fate and transport of these contaminants in the aquatic environment is warranted.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00290.x","issn":"10934","usgsCitation":"Brown, J., Battaglin, W., and Zuellig, R., 2009, Lagrangian sampling for emerging contaminants through an urban stream corridor in Colorado: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 45, no. 1, p. 68-82, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00290.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476364,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00290.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213581,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00290.x"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4135e4b0c8380cd653af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, J.B.","contributorId":91307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zuellig, R.E.","contributorId":37045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033012,"text":"70033012 - 2009 - Managing water to protect fish: A review of California's environmental water account, 2001-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T14:01:33.4512","indexId":"70033012","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing water to protect fish: A review of California's environmental water account, 2001-2005","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, the landward reach of the San Francisco Estuary, provides habitat for threatened delta smelt, endangered winter-run Chinook salmon, and other species of concern. It is also the location of huge freshwater diversion facilities that entrain large numbers of fish. Reducing the entrainment of listed fishes into these facilities has required curtailment of pumping, reducing the reliability of water deliveries. We reviewed the first 5&nbsp;years (2001–2005) of the Environmental Water Account (EWA), a program instituted to resolve conflicts between protecting listed fishes and providing a reliable water supply. The EWA provided fishery agencies with control over 0.2–0.4&nbsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of water to be used for fish protection at no cost to users of exported water, and fish agencies guaranteed no disruption of water supply for fish protection. The EWA was successful in reducing uncertainty in water supply; however, its contribution to the recovery of listed fishes was unclear. We estimated the effectiveness of the EWA to be modest, increasing the survival of winter-run Chinook salmon by 0–6% (dependent on prescreen mortality), adult delta smelt by 0–1%, and juvenile delta smelt by 2–4%. Allocating EWA water for a single life stage of one species could provide larger gains in survival. An optimally allocated EWA of equal size to the median of the first 5&nbsp;years could increase abundance of juvenile delta smelt up to 7% in the springs of dry years. If the EWA is to become a long-term program, estimates of efficacy should be refined. If the program is to be held accountable for quantitative increases in fish populations, it will be necessary to integrate scientific, possibly experimental, approaches.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-008-9213-4","usgsCitation":"Brown, L., Kimmerer, W., and Brown, R., 2009, Managing water to protect fish: A review of California's environmental water account, 2001-2005: Environmental Management, v. 43, no. 2, p. 357-368, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9213-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"368","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.25036621093749,\n              37.461778479617465\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.90728759765625,\n              37.461778479617465\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.90728759765625,\n              38.66835610151506\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25036621093749,\n              38.66835610151506\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25036621093749,\n              37.461778479617465\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c9ce4b0c8380cd69d8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, L. R. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":66391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimmerer, W.","contributorId":38325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, R.","contributorId":101419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033041,"text":"70033041 - 2009 - Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:26:25","indexId":"70033041","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3646,"text":"Transport in Porous Media","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand","docAbstract":"<p><span>Laboratory-scale virus transport experiments were conducted in columns packed with sand under saturated and unsaturated conditions. The viruses employed were the male-specific RNA coliphage, MS2, and the&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Salmonella typhimurium</i><span>&nbsp;phage, PRD1. The mathematical model developed by Sim and Chrysikopoulos (Water Resour Res 36:173–179, 2000) that accounts for processes responsible for removal of viruses during vertical transport in one-dimensional, unsaturated porous media was used to fit the data collected from the laboratory experiments. The liquid to liquid–solid and liquid to air–liquid interface mass transfer rate coefficients were shown to increase for both bacteriophage as saturation levels were reduced. The experimental results indicate that even for unfavorable attachment conditions within a sand column (e.g., phosphate-buffered saline solution; pH = 7.5; ionic strength = 2&nbsp;mM), saturation levels can affect virus transport through porous media.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3","issn":"01693","usgsCitation":"Anders, R., and Chrysikopoulos, C., 2009, Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand: Transport in Porous Media, v. 76, no. 1, p. 121-138, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213488,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb75ae4b08c986b3271f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anders, R.","contributorId":74174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chrysikopoulos, C.V.","contributorId":16214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chrysikopoulos","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033798,"text":"70033798 - 2009 - Coastal ocean transport patterns in the central Southern California Bight","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033798","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal ocean transport patterns in the central Southern California Bight","docAbstract":"In the past decade, several large programs that monitor currents and transport patterns for periods from a few months to a few years were conducted by a consortium of university, federal, state, and municipal agencies in the central Southern California Bight, a heavily urbanized section of the coastal ocean off the west coast of the United States encompassing Santa Monica Bay, San Pedro Bay, and the Palos Verdes shelf. These programs were designed in part to determine how alongshelf and cross-shelf currents move sediments, pollutants, and suspended material through the region. Analysis of the data sets showed that the current patterns in this portion of the Bight have distinct changes in frequency and amplitude with location, in part because the topography of the shelf and upper slope varies rapidly over small spatial scales. However, because the mean, subtidal, and tidal-current patterns in any particular location were reasonably stable with time, one could determine a regional pattern for these current fields in the central Southern California Bight even though measurements at the various locations were obtained at different times. In particular, because the mean near-surface flows over the San Pedro and Palos Verdes shelves are divergent, near-surface waters from the upper slope tend to carry suspended material onto the shelf in the northwestern portion of San Pedro Bay. Water and suspended material are also carried off the shelf by the mean and subtidal flow fields in places where the orientation of the shelf break changes abruptly. The barotropic tidal currents in the central Southern California Bight flow primarily alongshore, but they have pronounced amplitude variations over relatively small changes in alongshelf location that are not totally predicted by numerical tidal models. Nonlinear internal tides and internal bores at tidal frequencies are oriented more across the shelf. They do not have a uniform transport direction, since they move fine sediment from the shelf to the slope in Santa Monica Bay, but carry suspended material from the mid-shelf to the beach in San Pedro Bay. It is clear that there are a large variety of processes that transport sediments and contaminants along and across the shelf in the central Southern California Bight. However, because these processes have a variety of frequencies and relatively small spatial scales, the dominant transport processes tend to be localized and have dissimilar characteristics even in adjacent regions of this small part of the coastal ocean. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(3.3)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Noble, M., Rosenberger, K., Hamilton, P., and Xu, J.P., 2009, Coastal ocean transport patterns in the central Southern California Bight: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 454, p. 193-226, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(3.3).","startPage":"193","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214235,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(3.3)"},{"id":241935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f786e4b0c8380cd4cb7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noble, M.A.","contributorId":93513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberger, K.J.","contributorId":82141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, P.","contributorId":42034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, J. P.","contributorId":74528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033835,"text":"70033835 - 2009 - Variability of the Southern California wave climate and implications for sediment transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033835","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of the Southern California wave climate and implications for sediment transport","docAbstract":"We analyzed wave and wind data from 18 buoys in the Southern California Bight to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of the regional wave climate. Point Conception shelters most of the Bight from being directly impacted by North Pacific weather. The wave height inside the sheltered zone and to the east of the Channel Islands is less than half the wave height in the open ocean to the west. Within the sheltered Bight, storm waves (by proxy of being greater than the 95th percentile wave height for more than 6 hours) are mainly from the west, but long period swells (T<sup>p</sup> &gt;15 seconds) are mainly from the south-southwest. There are on average two to four storms during each winter month (November-March) and fewer than two storms per month for the rest of the year. The Channel Islands selectively block the westerly swells and make the wave climate in the Santa Barbara Channel different from the rest of the sheltered Bight. A statistically significant wave-height minimum exists in the area offshore Dana Point and Oceanside. The multiyear (2-23 years) wave-data records from all 18 buoys show negligible temporal trend, positive or negative. Like the wave climate, the long-term probability of sediment transport on the continental shelves of the Bight displays large difference between the sheltered and open-ocean (near Point Conception) sites. The return period of incipient sediment motion on the sheltered shelf breaks (one to five months) is at least two orders of magnitude longer than that on the Point Conception shelf break (0.6 day). Similar to the spatial distribution of wave heights, there is a systematic return-period maximum on the shelf off Dana Point and Oceanside. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(3.2)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Xu, J.P., and Noble, M., 2009, Variability of the Southern California wave climate and implications for sediment transport: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 454, p. 171-191, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(3.2).","startPage":"171","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214379,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(3.2)"},{"id":242102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc13ee4b08c986b32a4cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, J. P.","contributorId":74528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, M.A.","contributorId":93513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041666,"text":"70041666 - 2009 - Preparing a population for an earthquake like Chi-Chi: The Great Southern California ShakeOut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T11:35:27","indexId":"70041666","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preparing a population for an earthquake like Chi-Chi: The Great Southern California ShakeOut","docAbstract":"<p>The Great Southern California ShakeOut was a week of special events featuring the largest earthquake drill in United States history. On November 13, 2008, over 5 million southern Californians pretended that a magnitude-7.8 earthquake had occurred and practiced actions that could reduce its impact on their lives. The primary message of the ShakeOut is that what we do now, before a big earthquake, will determine what our lives will be like after. The drill was based on a scenario of the impacts and consequences of such an earthquake on the Southern San Andreas Fault, developed by over 300 experts led by the U.S. Geological Survey in partnership with the California Geological Survey, the Southern California Earthquake Center, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, lifeline operators, emergency services and many other organizations. The ShakeOut campaign was designed and implemented by earthquake scientists, emergency managers, sociologists, art designers and community participants. The means of communication were developed using results from sociological research on what encouraged people to take action. This was structured around four objectives: 1) consistent messages – people are more inclined to believe something when they hear the same thing from multiple sources; 2) visual reinforcement – people are more inclined to do something they see other people doing; 3) encourage “milling” or discussing contemplated action – people need to discuss an action with others they care about before committing to undertaking it; and 4) focus on concrete actions – people are more likely to prepare for a set of concrete consequences of a particular hazard than for an abstract concept of risk. The goals of the ShakeOut were established in Spring 2008 and were: 1) to register 5 million people to participate in the drill; 2) to change the culture of earthquake preparedness in southern California; and 3) to reduce earthquake losses in southern California. All of these goals were met. The final registration at www.shakeout.org for the 2008 ShakeOut was 5.47 million people, or one-quarter of the population of the region. A survey conducted with the registered participants showed that the messages they took from the ShakeOut were the concepts intended, including the importance of “Drop, Cover, Hold On”, the interdependency of earthquake risk (“We are all in this together”) and the possibility of reducing losses through preparation and mitigation. Sales data from the Home Depot hardware stores in southern California showed a 260% increase in the sale of earthquake safety products during the month of the ShakeOut, November 2008. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Improving earthquake mitigation through innovations and applications in seismic science, engineering, communication, and response, Proceedings of a U.S.-Iran seismic workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":" U.S.-Iran Seismic Workshop","conferenceDate":"June 29- July 1, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Irvine, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Centerr","usgsCitation":"Jones, L.M., and The ShakeOut Team, 2009, Preparing a population for an earthquake like Chi-Chi: The Great Southern California ShakeOut, <i>in</i> Improving earthquake mitigation through innovations and applications in seismic science, engineering, communication, and response, Proceedings of a U.S.-Iran seismic workshop, Irvine, CA, June 29- July 1, 2009, p. 1-14.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023486","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1c1e4b0c2e071a99bc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Lucile M. jones@usgs.gov","contributorId":1014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","email":"jones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"The ShakeOut Team","contributorId":191422,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"The ShakeOut Team","id":693007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034062,"text":"70034062 - 2009 - Effects of rodent community diversity and composition on prevalence of an endemic bacterial pathogen - <i>Bartonella</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T14:18:05.607753","indexId":"70034062","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1004,"text":"Biodiversity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of rodent community diversity and composition on prevalence of an endemic bacterial pathogen - <i>Bartonella</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>By studying&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonella</i><span>&nbsp;prevalence in rodent communities from 23 geographic sites in the western United States and one site in northern Mexico, the present study focused on the effects of rodent community diversity (measured by richness and Shannon index) and composition on prevalence of&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonella</i><span>&nbsp;infections. The analysis showed negative correlations of&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonella</i><span>&nbsp;prevalence with rodent richness and Shannon index. Further,&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonella</i><span>&nbsp;prevalence varied among rodent genera/species. Three models were applied to explain the observations. (1) Within-species/genus transmission:&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonella</i><span>&nbsp;strains usually are host-specific and adding non-host species would decrease&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonella</i><span>&nbsp;prevalence in its principal host through reduction of host contact (encounter reduction); (2) Frequency-dependence: Adding hosts would decrease the proportion of all infected individuals in the community, resulting in a reduction in the number of contacts between susceptible and infected individuals that usually leads to transmission (transmission reduction); and (3) Dominant species effect: Dominant species, if not susceptible to&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonellae</i><span>, can constrain the abundance of susceptible hosts (susceptible host regulation). These mechanisms work in concert; and the level of&nbsp;</span><i>Bartonella</i><span>&nbsp;prevalence is an outcome of regulation of all of these mechanisms on the entire system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor Francis","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2009.9712856","issn":"14888386","usgsCitation":"Bai, Y., Kosoy, M., Calisher, C., Cully, J., and Collinge, S., 2009, Effects of rodent community diversity and composition on prevalence of an endemic bacterial pathogen - <i>Bartonella</i>: Biodiversity, v. 10, no. 4, p. 3-11, https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2009.9712856.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":384410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07b8e4b0c8380cd517c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bai, Y.","contributorId":42784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bai","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kosoy, M.Y.","contributorId":78283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosoy","given":"M.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calisher, C.H.","contributorId":34359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calisher","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cully, J.F. Jr.","contributorId":51041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cully","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collinge, S.K.","contributorId":58832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collinge","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036116,"text":"70036116 - 2009 - Nest movement by piping plovers in response to changing habitat conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:34:34","indexId":"70036116","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest movement by piping plovers in response to changing habitat conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Birds that nest along reservoir or river shorelines may face fluctuating water levels that threaten nest survival. On Lake Sakakawea of the upper Missouri River, 37 and 70% of Piping Plover (</span><i>Charadrius melodus</i><span>) nests found in 2007 and 2008, respectively, were initiated at elevations inundated prior to projected hatch date. We describe eight events at seven nests in which adult Piping Plovers appeared to have moved active nests threatened by rising water or gathered eggs apparently displaced by rising water on Lake Sakakawea and the Garrison reach of the upper Missouri River. Additionally, we describe one nest that was moved after the habitat at the nest site had been disturbed by domestic cattle. Our observations and evidence indicate that adult Piping Plovers are capable of moving eggs and establishing nests at new sites during incubation. Furthermore, our results suggest that Piping Plovers evaluate their reproductive investment under potential threat of nest loss and may be capable of acting prospectively (moving nests prior to inundation) and reactively (regathering eggs after inundation) to avoid nest failure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/cond.2009.080106","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Wiltermuth, M.T., Anteau, M.J., Sherfy, M.H., and Shaffer, T.L., 2009, Nest movement by piping plovers in response to changing habitat conditions: Condor, v. 111, no. 3, p. 550-555, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080106.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"550","endPage":"555","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476147,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080106","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218480,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080106"}],"volume":"111","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a647de4b0c8380cd729d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiltermuth, Mark T. 0000-0002-8871-2816 mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-2816","contributorId":708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"Mark","email":"mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherfy, Mark H. 0000-0003-3016-4105 msherfy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-4105","contributorId":125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherfy","given":"Mark","email":"msherfy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036088,"text":"70036088 - 2009 - Investigating different mechanisms for biogenic selenite transformations: <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i>, <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i> and <i>Veillonella atypica</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:21:42","indexId":"70036088","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1568,"text":"Environmental Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating different mechanisms for biogenic selenite transformations: <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i>, <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i> and <i>Veillonella atypica</i>","docAbstract":"The metal-reducing bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens, Shewanella oneidensis and Veillonella atypica, use different mechanisms to transform toxic, bioavailable sodium selenite to less toxic, non-mobile elemental selenium and then to selenide in anaerobic environments, offering the potential for in situ and ex situ bioremediation of contaminated soils, sediments, industrial effluents, and agricultural drainage waters. The products of these reductive transformations depend on both the organism involved and the reduction conditions employed, in terms of electron donor and exogenous extracellular redox mediator. The intermediary phase involves the precipitation of elemental selenium nanospheres and the potential role of proteins in the formation of these structures is discussed. The bionanomineral phases produced during these transformations, including both elemental selenium nanospheres and metal selenide nanoparticles, have catalytic, semiconducting and light-emitting properties, which may have unique applications in the realm of nanophotonics. This research offers the potential to combine remediation of contaminants with the development of environmentally friendly manufacturing pathways for novel bionanominerals. ?? 2009 Taylor & Francis.","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/09593330902984751","issn":"09593330","usgsCitation":"Pearce, C., Pattrick, R., Law, N., Charnock, J., Coker, V., Fellowes, J., Oremland, R., and Lloyd, J., 2009, Investigating different mechanisms for biogenic selenite transformations: <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i>, <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i> and <i>Veillonella atypica</i>: Environmental Technology, v. 30, no. 12, p. 1313-1326, https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330902984751.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1313","endPage":"1326","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476155,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":246589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218567,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330902984751"}],"volume":"30","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e67e4b0c8380cd63d5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, C.I.","contributorId":65315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pattrick, R.A.D.","contributorId":13761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattrick","given":"R.A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Law, N.","contributorId":107970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Charnock, J.M.","contributorId":38296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charnock","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coker, V.S.","contributorId":24612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coker","given":"V.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fellowes, J.W.","contributorId":85451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellowes","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lloyd, J.R.","contributorId":42769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70034161,"text":"70034161 - 2009 - Geologic columns for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Impactites and crystalline rocks, 1766 to 1096 m depth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-31T14:18:32","indexId":"70034161","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic columns for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Impactites and crystalline rocks, 1766 to 1096 m depth","docAbstract":"<p>The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eyreville drill cores from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure provide one of the most complete geologic sections ever obtained from an impact structure. This paper presents a series of geologic columns and descriptive lithologic information for the lower impactite and crystalline-rock sections in the cores. The lowermost cored section (1766-1551 m depth) is a complex assemblage of mica schists that commonly contain graphite and fibrolitic sillimanite, intrusive granite pegmatites that grade into coarse granite, and local zones of mylonitic deformation. This basement-derived section is variably overprinted by brittle cataclastic fabrics and locally cut by dikes of polymict impact breccia, including several suevite dikes. An overlying succession of suevites and lithic impact breccias (1551-1397 m) includes a lower section dominated by polymict lithic impact breccia with blocks (up to 17 m) and boulders of cataclastic gneiss and an upper section (above 1474 m) of suevites and clast-rich impact melt rocks. The uppermost suevite is overlain by 26 m (1397-1371 m) of gravelly quartz sand that contains an amphibolite block and boulders of cataclasite and suevite. Above the sand, a 275-m-thick allochthonous granite slab (1371-1096 m) includes gneissic biotite granite, fine- and medium-to-coarse-grained biotite granites, and red altered granite near the base. The granite slab is overlain by more gravelly sand, and both are attributed to debris-avalanche and/or rockslide deposition that slightly preceded or accompanied seawater-resurge into the collapsing transient crater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(02)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Horton, J., Gibson, R., Reimold, W., Wittmann, A., Gohn, G., and Edwards, L.E., 2009, Geologic columns for the ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Impactites and crystalline rocks, 1766 to 1096 m depth: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 458, p. 21-49, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(02).","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.54150390625,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.157470703125,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.157470703125,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.54150390625,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.54150390625,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1938e4b0c8380cd558fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":444371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibson, R.L.","contributorId":105143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reimold, W.U.","contributorId":103401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimold","given":"W.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wittmann, A.","contributorId":67744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittmann","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gohn, Gregory 0000-0003-2000-479X ggohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-479X","contributorId":219822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory","email":"ggohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034359,"text":"70034359 - 2009 - Application of a multistate model to estimate culvert effects on movement of small fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034359","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of a multistate model to estimate culvert effects on movement of small fishes","docAbstract":"While it is widely acknowledged that culverted road-stream crossings may impede fish passage, effects of culverts on movement of nongame and small-bodied fishes have not been extensively studied and studies generally have not accounted for spatial variation in capture probabilities. We estimated probabilities for upstream and downstream movement of small (30-120 mm standard length) benthic and water column fishes across stream reaches with and without culverts at four road-stream crossings over a 4-6-week period. Movement and reach-specific capture probabilities were estimated using multistate capture-recapture models. Although none of the culverts were complete barriers to passage, only a bottomless-box culvert appeared to permit unrestricted upstream and downstream movements by benthic fishes based on model estimates of movement probabilities. At two box culverts that were perched above the water surface at base flow, observed movements were limited to water column fishes and to intervals when runoff from storm events raised water levels above the perched level. Only a single fish was observed to move through a partially embedded pipe culvert. Estimates for probabilities of movement over distances equal to at least the length of one culvert were low (e.g., generally ???0.03, estimated for 1-2-week intervals) and had wide 95% confidence intervals as a consequence of few observed movements to nonadjacent reaches. Estimates of capture probabilities varied among reaches by a factor of 2 to over 10, illustrating the importance of accounting for spatially variable capture rates when estimating movement probabilities with capture-recapture data. Longer-term studies are needed to evaluate temporal variability in stream fish passage at culverts (e.g., in relation to streamflow variability) and to thereby better quantify the degree of population fragmentation caused by road-stream crossings with culverts. ?? American Fisheries Society 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T08-156.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Norman, J., Hagler, M., Freeman, M.C., and Freeman, B.J., 2009, Application of a multistate model to estimate culvert effects on movement of small fishes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 138, no. 4, p. 826-838, https://doi.org/10.1577/T08-156.1.","startPage":"826","endPage":"838","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216854,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T08-156.1"},{"id":244750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"138","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec8fe4b0c8380cd4933d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, J.R.","contributorId":54042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagler, M.M.","contributorId":46333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagler","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, B. J.","contributorId":8031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035975,"text":"70035975 - 2009 - Method development for analysis of urban dust using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry to detect the possible presence of world trade center dust constituents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035975","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Method development for analysis of urban dust using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry to detect the possible presence of world trade center dust constituents","docAbstract":"The collapse of the World Trade Center Towers on September 11, 2001, sent dust and debris across much of Manhattan and in the surrounding areas. Indoor and outdoor dust samples were collected and characterized by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS). From this characterization, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and USGS developed a particulate screening method to determine the presence of residual World Trade Center dust in the indoor environment using slag wool as a primary \"signature\". The method describes a procedure that includes splitting, ashing, and sieving of collected dust. From one split, a 10 mg/mL dust/ isopropanol suspension was prepared and 10-30 ??L aliquots of the suspension placed on an SEM substrate. Analyses were performed using SEM/EDS manual point counting for slag wool fibers. Poisson regression was used to identify some of the sources of uncertainty, which are directly related to the small number of fibers present on each sample stub. Preliminary results indicate that the procedure is promising for screening urban background dust for the presence of WTC dust. Consistent sample preparation of reference materials and samples must be performed by each laboratory wishing to use this method to obtain meaningful and accurate results. ?? 2009 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es800865n","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bern, A., Lowers, H., Meeker, G., and Rosati, J., 2009, Method development for analysis of urban dust using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry to detect the possible presence of world trade center dust constituents: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 5, p. 1449-1454, https://doi.org/10.1021/es800865n.","startPage":"1449","endPage":"1454","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216206,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es800865n"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5547e4b0c8380cd6d197","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bern, A.M.","contributorId":92018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowers, H.A. 0000-0001-5360-9264","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":31843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"H.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosati, J.A.","contributorId":88579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosati","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037105,"text":"70037105 - 2009 - Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in eggs may reduce reproductive success of ospreys in Oregon and Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-07T17:10:08.942389","indexId":"70037105","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in eggs may reduce reproductive success of ospreys in Oregon and Washington, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatial and temporal assessments and reports of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants in birds remain sparse. In the present study, PBDEs were detected in all 120 osprey (</span><i>Pandion haliaetus</i><span>) eggs collected. The eggs were collected from nests along the Columbia, Willamette and Yakima rivers of Oregon (OR) and Washington (WA) and in Puget Sound (WA) between 2002 and 2007. PBDE congeners: 17, 28, 47, 49, 66, 85, 99, 100, 138, 153, 154 (possible coelution with brominated biphenyl 153 [BB153]), 183, 190 (detected in one egg), 209 (not detected), and BB101 (only detected in 2006 and 2007) and total-α-hexabromocyclododecane (only detected in five eggs) were analyzed for in the egg samples. Eggs from reservoirs in the forested headwaters of the Willamette River (2002) contained the lowest concentrations of ΣPBDEs (geometric mean [range], 98 [55.2–275] ng/g wet weight [ww]), while those from the middle Willamette River (2006) contained the highest (897 [507–1,880] ng/g ww). Concentrations in eggs from the Columbia River progressively increased downstream from Umatilla, OR (River Mile [RM] 286) to Skamokoa, WA (RM 29), which indicated additive PBDE sources along the river. In general, regardless of the year of egg collection, differences in PBDE concentrations reported in osprey eggs along the three major rivers studied (Columbia, Willamette and Yakima) seem to reflect differences in river flow (dilution effect) and the extent of human population and industry (source inputs) along the rivers. PBDE concentrations increased over time at two locations (Seattle, WA; Columbia River, RM 29-84) where temporal patterns could be evaluated. Only during 2006 (on the middle Willamette River, RM 61–157) and 2007 (on the lower Columbia River, RM 29–84) did ΣPBDE concentrations in osprey eggs exceed 1,000&nbsp;ng/g ww with negative relationships indicated at both locations between productivity and ΣPBDE concentrations in eggs (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.008,&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.057). Osprey eggs from Everett, WA contained nearly twice the ΣPBDE concentration (geometric mean 239 vs. 141&nbsp;ng/g ww, range 124–384 vs. 22.2–819&nbsp;ng/g ww,&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;≤&nbsp;0.05) as double-crested cormorant (</span><i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i><span>) eggs collected at the same location and time, which is likely due to dietary differences. No significant relationship (all&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>s&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;0.147) was indicated between PBDE congeners (including ΣPBDEs) and eggshell thickness at the concentrations observed in this study.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-009-0323-4","issn":"09639292","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Kaiser, J.L., Grove, R.A., Johnson, B.L., and Letcher, R.J., 2009, Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in eggs may reduce reproductive success of ospreys in Oregon and Washington, USA: Ecotoxicology, v. 18, no. 7, p. 802-813, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0323-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"802","endPage":"813","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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L.","contributorId":27602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"J.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grove, R. A.","contributorId":6546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grove","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Branden L. 0000-0002-8018-6452 branden_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8018-6452","contributorId":257446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Branden","email":"branden_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Letcher, R. J.","contributorId":8062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70192974,"text":"70192974 - 2009 - The response of hydrophobic organics and potential toxicity in streams to urbanization of watersheds in six metropolitan areas of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-12T16:37:04","indexId":"70192974","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The response of hydrophobic organics and potential toxicity in streams to urbanization of watersheds in six metropolitan areas of the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed in streams along a gradient of urban land-use intensity in and around six metropolitan areas: Atlanta, Georgia; Raleigh–Durham, North Carolina; and Denver–Fort Collins, Colorado, in 2003; and Dallas–Fort Worth, Texas; Milwaukee–Green Bay, Wisconsin; and Portland, Oregon, in 2004 to examine relations between percent urban land cover in watersheds and the occurrence, concentrations, and potential toxicity of hydrophobic compounds. Of the 142 endpoints measured in SPMD dialysates, 30 were significantly (alpha = 0.05) related to the percent of urban land cover in the watersheds in at least one metropolitan area. These 30 endpoints included the aggregated measures of the total number of compounds detected and relative toxicity (Microtox® and P450RGS assays), in addition to the concentrations of 27 individual hydrophobic compounds. The number of compounds detected, P450RGS assay values, and the concentrations of pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were significantly related to percent urban land cover in all six metropolitan areas. Pentachloroanisole, the most frequently detected compound, was significantly related to urban land cover in all metropolitan areas except Dallas–Fort Worth. Petrogenic PAHs and dibenzofurans were positively related to percent urban land cover in Atlanta, Raleigh–Durham, Denver, and Milwaukee–Green Bay. Results for other endpoints were much more variable. The number of endpoints significantly related to urban land cover ranged from 6 in Portland to 21 Raleigh–Durham. Based on differences in the number and suite of endpoints related to urban intensity, these results provide evidence of differences in factors governing source strength, transport, and/or fate of hydrophobic compounds in the six metropolitan areas studied. The most consistent and significant results were that bioavailable, aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists increase in streams as basins become urbanized. Potential toxicity mediated by this metabolic pathway is indicated as an important factor in the response of aquatic biota to urbanization.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-008-0546-5","usgsCitation":"Bryant, W., and Goodbred, S., 2009, The response of hydrophobic organics and potential toxicity in streams to urbanization of watersheds in six metropolitan areas of the United States: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 157, Article 419, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0546-5.","productDescription":"Article 419","ipdsId":"IP-003389","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, Colorado, Texas, Wisconsin, Oregon, ","city":"Atlanta, Dallas, Durham, Denver, Fort Collins, Fort Worth, Green Bay, Milwaukee, Portland, Raleigh","volume":"157","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a096bb3e4b09af898c94157","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryant, Wade L. Jr. wbbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Wade L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"wbbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":721698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodbred, S. 0000-0001-7626-9864 sgoodbred@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7626-9864","contributorId":194510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodbred","given":"S.","email":"sgoodbred@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":721699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036631,"text":"70036631 - 2009 - Airborne gamma-ray and magnetic anomaly signatures of serpentinite in relation to soil geochemistry, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70036631","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Airborne gamma-ray and magnetic anomaly signatures of serpentinite in relation to soil geochemistry, northern California","docAbstract":"Serpentinized ultramafic rocks and associated soils in northern California are characterized by high concentrations of Cr and Ni, low levels of radioelements (K, Th, and U) and high amounts of ferrimagnetic minerals (primarily magnetite). Geophysical attributes over ultramafic rocks, which include airborne gamma-ray and magnetic anomaly data, are quantified and provide indirect measurements on the relative abundance of radioelements and magnetic minerals, respectively. Attributes are defined through a statistical modeling approach and the results are portrayed as probabilities in chart and map form. Two predictive models are presented, including one derived from the aeromagnetic anomaly data and one from a combination of the airborne K, Th and U gamma-ray data. Both models distinguish preferential values within the aerogeophysical data that coincide with mapped and potentially unmapped ultramafic rocks. The magnetic predictive model shows positive probabilities associated with magnetic anomaly highs and, to a lesser degree, anomaly lows, which accurately locate many known ultramafic outcrops, but more interestingly, locate potentially unmapped ultramafic rocks, possible extensions of ultramafic bodies that dip into the shallow subsurface, as well as prospective buried ultramafic rocks. The airborne radiometric model shows positive probabilities in association with anomalously low gamma radiation measurements over ultramafic rock, which is similar to that produced by gabbro, metavolcanic rock, and water bodies. All of these features share the characteristic of being depleted in K, Th and U. Gabbro is the only rock type in the study area that shares similar magnetic properties with the ultramafic rock. The aerogeophysical model results are compared to the distribution of ultramafic outcrops and to Cr, Ni, K, Th and U concentrations and magnetic susceptibility measurements from soil samples. Analysis of the soil data indicates high positive correlation between magnetic susceptibilities and concentration of Cr and Ni. Although the study focused on characterizing the geophysical properties of ultramafic rocks and associated soils, it has also yielded information on other rock types in addition to ultramafic rocks, which can also locally host naturally-occurring asbestos; specifically, gabbro and metavolcanic rocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.007","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"McCafferty, A.E., and Van Gosen, B.S., 2009, Airborne gamma-ray and magnetic anomaly signatures of serpentinite in relation to soil geochemistry, northern California: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1524-1537, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.007.","startPage":"1524","endPage":"1537","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217446,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.007"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e920e4b0c8380cd480f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCafferty, A. E.","contributorId":93499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Gosen, B. S. 0000-0003-4214-3811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":97907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"B.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}