Anaerobic bacteria and anoxic sediments from soda lakes produced electricity in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). No electricity was generated in the absence of bacterial metabolism. Arsenate respiring bacteria isolated from moderately hypersaline Mono Lake (Bacillus selenitireducens), and salt-saturated Searles Lake, CA (strain SLAS-1) oxidized lactate using arsenate as the electron acceptor. However, these cultures grew equally well without added arsenate using the MFC anode as their electron acceptor, and in the process oxidized lactate more efficiently. The decrease in electricity generation by consumption of added alternative electron acceptors (i.e. arsenate) which competed with the anode for available electrons proved to be a useful indicator of microbial activity and hence life in the fuel cells. Shaken sediment slurries from these two lakes also generated electricity, with or without added lactate. Hydrogen added to sediment slurries was consumed but did not stimulate electricity production. Finally, electricity was generated in statically incubated “intact” sediment cores from these lakes. More power was produced in sediment from Mono Lake than from Searles Lake, however microbial fuel cells could detect low levels of metabolism operating under moderate and extreme conditions of salt stress.
Black spruce forests are a dominant covertype in the boreal forest region, and they inhabit landscapes that span a wide range of hydrologic and thermal conditions. These forests often have large stores of soil organic carbon. Recent increases in temperature at northern latitudes may be stimulating decomposition rates of this soil carbon. It is unclear, however, how changes in environmental conditions influence decomposition in these systems, and if substrate controls of decomposition vary with hydrologic and thermal regime. We addressed these issues by investigating the effects of temperature, moisture, and organic matter chemical characteristics on decomposition of fibric soil horizons from three black spruce forest sites. The sites varied in drainage and permafrost, and included a “Well Drained” site where permafrost was absent, and “Moderately well Drained” and “Poorly Drained” sites where permafrost was present at about 0.5 m depth. Samples collected from each site were incubated at five different moisture contents (2, 25, 50, 75, and 100% saturation) and two different temperatures (10°C and 20°C) in a full factorial design for two months. Organic matter chemistry was analyzed using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry prior to incubation, and after incubation on soils held at 20°C, 50% saturation. Mean cumulative mineralization, normalized to initial carbon content, ranged from 0.2% to 4.7%, and was dependent on temperature, moisture, and site. The effect of temperature on mineralization was significantly influenced by moisture content, as mineralization was greatest at 20°C and 50–75% saturation. While the relative effects of temperature and moisture were similar for all soils, mineralization rates were significantly greater for samples from the “Well Drained” site compared to the other sites. Variations in the relative abundances of polysaccharide-derivatives and compounds of undetermined source (such as toluene, phenol, 4-methyl phenol, and several unidentifiable compounds) could account for approximately 44% of the variation in mineralization across all sites under ideal temperature and moisture conditions. Based on our results, changes in temperature and moisture likely have similar, additive effects on in situ soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition across a wide range of black spruce forest systems, while variations in SOM chemistry can lead to significant differences in decomposition rates within and among forest sites.
Full understanding of running waters requires an ecosystem perspective, which encompasses the physical and chemical setting in interaction with dependent biological communities. Several conceptual models or paradigms of river and stream ecosystems that capture critical components of lotic ecosystems have been developed, including the ‘river continuum concept’, to describe fluxes of matter and energy within the stream or river channel together with exchanges between the channel and its terrestrial setting. A complete ecosystem perspective includes consideration of hierarchical spatial scales in a temporal context. Flow of energy in lotic ecosystems is driven by two alternative energy sources: sunlight regulating in-stream photosynthesis and plant litter derived from the stream-side riparian corridor or floodplain. Energy transfers within the ecosystem pass through micro- and macroproducers (algae and vascular hydrophytes) and micro- and macroconsumers (microorganisms, invertebrates, and vertebrates). Material fluxes encompass the cycling of key nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and the transport, storage, and metabolism of dissolved (DOM) and particulate (POM) organic matter (OM). Growth of lotic periphyton (algae and associated microbes, microzoans, and detritus) and coarse (CPOM) and fine (FPOM) particulate organic matter constitute the food resources of nonpredaceous running-water invertebrates (e.g., shredders that consume CPOM and collectors that feed on FPOM and associated microbes of both).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/B978-008045405-4.00354-2","usgsCitation":"Cummins, K., and Wilzbach, M., 2008, Rivers and streams: Ecosystem dynamics and integrating paradigms, chap. of Encyclopedia of ecology, p. 3084-3095, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008045405-4.00354-2.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"3084","endPage":"3095","ipdsId":"IP-081945","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c838e4b025c4642862b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cummins, K.W.","contributorId":88297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummins","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilzbach, M.A.","contributorId":181849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilzbach","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033565,"text":"70033565 - 2008 - A model for radial dike emplacement in composite cones based on observations from Summer Coon volcano, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-30T14:41:50.434855","indexId":"70033565","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A model for radial dike emplacement in composite cones based on observations from Summer Coon volcano, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"We mapped the geometry of 13 silicic dikes at Summer Coon, an eroded Oligocene stratovolcano in southern Colorado, to investigate various characteristics of radial dike emplacement in composite volcanoes. Exposed dikes are up to about 7 km in length and have numerous offset segments along their upper peripheries. Surprisingly, most dikes at Summer Coon increase in thickness with distance from the center of the volcano. Magma pressure in a dike is expected to lessen away from the pressurized source region, which would encourage a blade-like dike to decrease in thickness with distance from the center of the volcano. We attribute the observed thickness pattern as evidence of a driving pressure gradient, which is caused by decreasing host rock shear modulus and horizontal stress, both due to decreasing emplacement depths beneath the sloping flanks of the volcano. Based on data from Summer Coon, we propose that radial dikes originate at depth below the summit of a host volcano and follow steeply inclined paths towards the surface. Near the interface between volcanic cone and basement, which may represent a neutral buoyancy surface or stress barrier, magma is transported subhorizontally and radially away from the center of the volcano in blade-like dikes. The dikes thicken with increasing radial distance, and offset segments and fingers form along the upper peripheries of the intrusions. Eruptions may occur anywhere along the length of the dikes, but the erupted volume will generally be greater for dike-fed eruptions far from the center of the host volcano owing to the increase in driving pressure with distance from the source. Observed eruptive volumes, vent locations, and vent-area intrusions from inferred post-glacial dike-fed eruptions at Mount Adams, Washington, USA, support the proposed model. Hazards associated with radial dike emplacement are therefore greater for longer dikes that propagate to the outer flanks of a volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-007-0175-9","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Poland, M.P., Moats, W., and Fink, J., 2008, A model for radial dike emplacement in composite cones based on observations from Summer Coon volcano, Colorado, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 70, no. 7, p. 861-875, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-007-0175-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"861","endPage":"875","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":616,"text":"Volcano Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Summer Coon volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n\n\"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n\n\"features\": [\n\n{\n\n\"type\": \"Feature\",\n\n\"properties\": {},\n\n\"geometry\": {\n\n\"type\": \"Polygon\",\n\n\"coordinates\": [\n\n[\n\n[\n\n-106.3916015625,\n\n37.693601037244406\n\n],\n\n[\n\n-106.10733032226562,\n\n37.693601037244406\n\n],\n\n[\n\n-106.10733032226562,\n\n37.835818618104156\n\n],\n\n[\n\n-106.3916015625,\n\n37.835818618104156\n\n],\n\n[\n\n-106.3916015625,\n\n37.693601037244406\n\n]\n\n]\n\n]\n\n}\n\n}\n\n]\n\n}","volume":"70","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e46be4b0c8380cd46655","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moats, W.P.","contributorId":7923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moats","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fink, J.H.","contributorId":44367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fink","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033564,"text":"70033564 - 2008 - Structural equation modeling for observational studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033564","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural equation modeling for observational studies","docAbstract":"Structural equation modeling (SEM) represents a framework for developing and evaluating complex hypotheses about systems. This method of data analysis differs from conventional univariate and multivariate approaches familiar to most biologists in several ways. First, SEMs are multiequational and capable of representing a wide array of complex hypotheses about how system components interrelate. Second, models are typically developed based on theoretical knowledge and designed to represent competing hypotheses about the processes responsible for data structure. Third, SEM is conceptually based on the analysis of covariance relations. Most commonly, solutions are obtained using maximum-likelihood solution procedures, although a variety of solution procedures are used, including Bayesian estimation. Numerous extensions give SEM a very high degree of flexibility in dealing with nonnormal data, categorical responses, latent variables, hierarchical structure, multigroup comparisons, nonlinearities, and other complicating factors. Structural equation modeling allows researchers to address a variety of questions about systems, such as how different processes work in concert, how the influences of perturbations cascade through systems, and about the relative importance of different influences. I present 2 example applications of SEM, one involving interactions among lynx (Lynx pardinus), mongooses (Herpestes ichneumon), and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and the second involving anuran species richness. Many wildlife ecologists may find SEM useful for understanding how populations function within their environments. Along with the capability of the methodology comes a need for care in the proper application of SEM.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2007-307","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Grace, J., 2008, Structural equation modeling for observational studies: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 1, p. 14-22, https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-307.","startPage":"14","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214163,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2007-307"},{"id":241857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9be4e4b08c986b31d157","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033559,"text":"70033559 - 2008 - Growth and mortality of coral transplants (Pocillopora damicornis) along a range of sediment influence in Maui, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033559","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and mortality of coral transplants (Pocillopora damicornis) along a range of sediment influence in Maui, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Fragments of the lace coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) were transplanted to four sites on the south-central coast of Maui, Hawai'i, to examine coral growth over a range of expected sediment influence. Corals remained in situ for 11 months and were recovered seasonally for growth measurements using the buoyant weight technique. Average sediment trap accumulation rates ranged from 11 to 490 mg cm-2 day-1 and were greater at the wave-exposed reef site than at the protected harbor sites. Coral growth was highest at the donor site and was higher in the summer than in the winter. A stepwise linear regression found significant effects of sediment trap accumulation and light on growth rates, but the partial correlation coefficients suggest that these factors may be only secondary controls on growth. This study did not show a clear link between coral growth and sediment load. This result may be due, in part, to covariation of sediment load with wave exposure and the inability of trap accumulation rates to integrate all sediment effects (e.g., turbidity) that can affect coral growth. ?? 2008 by University of Hawai'i Press. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[39:GAMOCT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Piniak, G., and Brown, E., 2008, Growth and mortality of coral transplants (Pocillopora damicornis) along a range of sediment influence in Maui, Hawai'i: Pacific Science, v. 62, no. 1, p. 39-55, https://doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[39:GAMOCT]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"39","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214098,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[39:GAMOCT]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2de6e4b0c8380cd5c113","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piniak, G.A.","contributorId":35512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piniak","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, E.K.","contributorId":97311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033515,"text":"70033515 - 2008 - Multi-scale models of grassland passerine abundance in a fragmented system in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033515","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-scale models of grassland passerine abundance in a fragmented system in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Fragmentation of grasslands has been implicated in grassland bird population declines. Multi-scale models are being increasingly used to assess potential factors that influence grassland bird presence, abundance, and productivity. However, studies rarely assess fragmentation metrics, and seldom evaluate more than two scales or interactions among scales. We evaluated the relative importance of characteristics at multiple scales to patterns in relative abundance of Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna), and Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). We surveyed birds in 74 southwestern Wisconsin pastures from 1997 to 1999 and compared models with explanatory variables from multiple scales: within-patch vegetation structure (microhabitat), patch (macrohabitat), and three landscape extents. We also examined interactions between macrohabitat and landscape factors. Core area of pastures was an important predictor of relative abundance, and composition of the landscape was more important than configuration. Relative abundance was frequently higher in pastures with more core area and in landscapes with more grassland and less wooded area. The direction and strength of the effect of core pasture size on relative abundance changed depending on amount of wooded area in the landscape. Relative abundance of grassland birds was associated with landscape variables more frequently at the 1200-m scale than at smaller scales. To develop better predictive models, parameters at multiple scales and their interactive effects should be included, and results should be evaluated in the context of microhabitat variability, landscape composition, and fragmentation in the study area. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10980-007-9179-2","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Renfrew, R., and Ribic, C., 2008, Multi-scale models of grassland passerine abundance in a fragmented system in Wisconsin: Landscape Ecology, v. 23, no. 2, p. 181-193, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9179-2.","startPage":"181","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214457,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9179-2"},{"id":242185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fc1e4b0c8380cd71103","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renfrew, R.B.","contributorId":104671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renfrew","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, C. A. 0000-0003-2583-1778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":6026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033511,"text":"70033511 - 2008 - Survival of the faucet snail after chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water bath treatments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T14:54:19.407749","indexId":"70033511","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of the faucet snail after chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water bath treatments","docAbstract":"The faucet snail Bithynia tentaculata, a nonindigenous aquatic snail from Eurasia, was introduced into Lake Michigan in 1871 and has spread to the mid-Atlantic states, the Great Lakes region, Montana, and most recently, the Mississippi River. The faucet snail serves as intermediate host for several trematodes that have caused large-scale mortality among water birds, primarily in the Great Lakes region and Montana. It is important to limit the spread of the faucet snail; small fisheries equipment can serve as a method of snail distribution. Treatments with chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water baths were tested to determine their effectiveness as a disinfectant for small fisheries equipment. Two treatments eliminated all test snails: (1) a 24-h exposure to Hydrothol 191 at a concentration of at least 20 mg/L and (2) a treatment with 50°C heated water for 1 min or longer. Faucet snails were highly resistant to ethanol, NaCl, formalin, Lysol, potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, Baquacil, Virkon, household bleach, and pH extremes (as low as 1 and as high as 13).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/M07-211.1","issn":"02755","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, A., and Cole, R.A., 2008, Survival of the faucet snail after chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water bath treatments: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 5, p. 1597-1600, https://doi.org/10.1577/M07-211.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1597","endPage":"1600","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008092","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M07-211.1"},{"id":242151,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Onalaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.37432098388672,\n 43.93845058564532\n ],\n [\n -91.33861541748047,\n 43.883789471638515\n ],\n [\n -91.31183624267578,\n 43.86423779837696\n ],\n [\n -91.30359649658203,\n 43.85606874432798\n ],\n [\n -91.29707336425781,\n 43.8543357707896\n ],\n [\n -91.27784729003906,\n 43.84715577248169\n ],\n [\n -91.2689208984375,\n 43.84814616846517\n ],\n [\n -91.26995086669922,\n 43.85161242490649\n ],\n [\n -91.2747573852539,\n 43.866713048323184\n ],\n [\n -91.2751007080078,\n 43.87438566998196\n ],\n [\n -91.27372741699219,\n 43.88304712020558\n ],\n [\n -91.26960754394531,\n 43.892449554844134\n ],\n [\n -91.2469482421875,\n 43.88576903023492\n ],\n [\n -91.23870849609375,\n 43.88180984726073\n ],\n [\n -91.23390197753906,\n 43.884036920060474\n ],\n [\n -91.23630523681639,\n 43.892944378711476\n ],\n [\n -91.24282836914062,\n 43.90506627915998\n ],\n [\n -91.2527847290039,\n 43.912486632847994\n ],\n [\n -91.26033782958983,\n 43.91619646278537\n ],\n [\n -91.26995086669922,\n 43.91619646278537\n ],\n [\n -91.27853393554688,\n 43.916691089303114\n ],\n [\n -91.30290985107422,\n 43.93004445112047\n ],\n [\n -91.31217956542969,\n 43.934000427150124\n ],\n [\n -91.3187026977539,\n 43.93696723648486\n ],\n [\n -91.33071899414062,\n 43.93894502714223\n ],\n [\n -91.3351821899414,\n 43.939192246348796\n ],\n [\n -91.34101867675781,\n 43.93721446391471\n ],\n [\n -91.34719848632812,\n 43.93869780690774\n ],\n [\n -91.35612487792969,\n 43.939933897801104\n ],\n [\n -91.37432098388672,\n 43.93845058564532\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2dee4b08c986b31fa08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, A.J.","contributorId":16345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622 rcole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":2873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"rcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033508,"text":"70033508 - 2008 - Conservation genetics of Lake Superior brook trout: Issues, questions, and directions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033508","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Conservation genetics of Lake Superior brook trout: Issues, questions, and directions","docAbstract":"Parallel efforts by several genetic research groups have tackled common themes relating to management concerns about and recent rehabilitation opportunities for coaster brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Lake Superior. The questions that have been addressed include the evolutionary and genetic status of coaster brook trout, the degree of relatedness among coaster populations and their relationship to riverine tributary brook trout populations, and the role and effectiveness of stocking in maintaining and restoring coasters to Lake Superior. Congruent genetic results indicate that coasters are an ecotype (life history variant) rather than an evolutionarily significant unit or genetically distinct strain. Regional structure exists among brook trout stocks, coasters being produced from local populations. Introgression of hatchery genes into wild populations appears to vary regionally and may relate to local population size, habitat integrity, and anthropogenic pressures. Tracking the genetic diversity and integrity associated with captive breeding programs is helping to ensure that the fish used for stocking are representative of their source populations and appropriate for rehabilitation efforts. Comparative analysis of shared samples among collaborating laboratories is enabling standardization of genotype scoring and interpretation as well as the development of a common toolkit for assessing genetic structure and diversity. Incorporation of genetic data into rehabilitation projects will facilitate monitoring efforts and subsequent adaptive management. Together, these multifaceted efforts provide comprehensive insights into the biology of coaster brook trout and enhance restoration options. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M05-190.1","issn":"02755","usgsCitation":"Wilson, C., Stott, W., Miller, L., D’Amelio, S., Jennings, M.J., and Cooper, A., 2008, Conservation genetics of Lake Superior brook trout: Issues, questions, and directions, in North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1307-1320, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-190.1.","startPage":"1307","endPage":"1320","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214392,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M05-190.1"},{"id":242115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9dbe4b0c8380cd4d80b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, C.C.","contributorId":102987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stott, W.","contributorId":77734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stott","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, L.","contributorId":97221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"D’Amelio, S.","contributorId":21776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Amelio","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jennings, Martin J.","contributorId":6570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooper, A.M.","contributorId":100208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033507,"text":"70033507 - 2008 - Understanding the relationship between audiomagnetotelluric data and models, and borehole data in a hydrological environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033507","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Understanding the relationship between audiomagnetotelluric data and models, and borehole data in a hydrological environment","docAbstract":"Audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) data and resulting models are analyzed with respect to geophysical and geological borehole logs in order to clarify the relationship between the two methodologies of investigation of a hydrological environment. Several profiles of AMT data collected in basins in southwestern United States are being used for groundwater exploration and hydrogeological framework studies. In a systematic manner, the AMT data and models are compared to borehole data by computing the equivalent one-dimensional AMT model and comparing with the two-dimensional (2-D) inverse AMT model. The spatial length is used to determine if the well is near enough to the AMT profile to quantify the relationship between the two datasets, and determine the required resolution of the AMT data and models. The significance of the quality of the borehole data when compared to the AMT data is also examined.","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.3063902","issn":"10523","usgsCitation":"McPhee, D., and Pellerin, L., 2008, Understanding the relationship between audiomagnetotelluric data and models, and borehole data in a hydrological environment, in SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 27, no. 1, p. 2684-2688, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3063902.","startPage":"2684","endPage":"2688","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214391,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3063902"},{"id":242114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc5fe4b08c986b328bbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPhee, D.K.","contributorId":96775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, L.","contributorId":94073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033504,"text":"70033504 - 2008 - Rare measurements of a sprite with halo event driven by a negative lightning discharge over Argentina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033504","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare measurements of a sprite with halo event driven by a negative lightning discharge over Argentina","docAbstract":"As part of a collaborative campaign to investigate Transient Lummous Events (TLEs) over South America, coordinated optical, ELF/VLF, and lightning measurements were made of a mesoscale thunderstorm observed on February 22-23, 2006 over northern Argentina that produced 445 TLEs within a ???6 hour period. Here, we report comprehensive measurements of one of these events, a sprite with halo that was unambiguously associated with a large negative cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning discharge with an impulsive vertical charge moment change (??MQv) of -503 C.km. This event was similar in its location, morphology and duration to other positive TLEs observed from this storm. However, the downward extent of the negative streamers was limited to 25 km, and their apparent brightness was lower than that of a comparable positive event. Observations of negative CG events are rare, and these measurements provide fin-ther evidence that sprites can be driven by upward as well as downward electric fields, as predicted by the conventional breakdown mechanism. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008GL033984","issn":"00948","usgsCitation":"Taylor, M., Bailey, M., Pautet, P., Cummer, S., Jaugey, N., Thomas, J., Solorzano, N., Sao, S.F., Holzworth, R., Pinto, O., and Schuch, N., 2008, Rare measurements of a sprite with halo event driven by a negative lightning discharge over Argentina: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033984.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487120,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl033984","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214360,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033984"},{"id":242081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9525e4b0c8380cd81829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, M.J.","contributorId":81927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, M.A.","contributorId":73834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pautet, P.D.","contributorId":34734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pautet","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cummer, S.A.","contributorId":71013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummer","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaugey, N.","contributorId":48775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaugey","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thomas, J.N.","contributorId":20988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Solorzano, N.N.","contributorId":105926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solorzano","given":"N.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sao, Sabbas F.","contributorId":11019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sao","given":"Sabbas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Holzworth, R.H.","contributorId":84571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzworth","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pinto, O.","contributorId":80094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinto","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schuch, N.J.","contributorId":12276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuch","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70033500,"text":"70033500 - 2008 - Modeling potential habitats for alien species Dreissena polymorpha in continental USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-12T13:37:13","indexId":"70033500","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":630,"text":"Acta Ecologica Sinica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling potential habitats for alien species Dreissena polymorpha in continental USA","docAbstract":"The effective measure to minimize the damage of invasive species is to block the potential invasive species to enter into suitable areas. 1864 occurrence points with GPS coordinates and 34 environmental variables from Daymet datasets were gathered, and 4 modeling methods, i.e., Logistic Regression (LR), Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Prediction (GARP), and maximum entropy method (Maxent), were introduced to generate potential geographic distributions for invasive species Dreissena polymorpha in Continental USA. Then 3 statistical criteria of the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC), Pearson correlation (COR) and Kappa value were calculated to evaluate the performance of the models, followed by analyses on major contribution variables. Results showed that in terms of the 3 statistical criteria, the prediction results of the 4 ecological niche models were either excellent or outstanding, in which Maxent outperformed the others in 3 aspects of predicting current distribution habitats, selecting major contribution factors, and quantifying the influence of environmental variables on habitats. Distance to water, elevation, frequency of precipitation and solar radiation were 4 environmental forcing factors. The method suggested in the paper can have some reference meaning for modeling habitats of alien species in China and provide a direction to prevent Mytilopsis sallei on the Chinese coast line.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Ecologica Sinica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2032(08)60080-3","issn":"10000","usgsCitation":"Mingyang, L., Yunwei, J., Kumar, S., and Stohlgren, T.J., 2008, Modeling potential habitats for alien species Dreissena polymorpha in continental USA: Acta Ecologica Sinica, v. 28, no. 9, p. 4253-4258, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2032(08)60080-3.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4253","endPage":"4258","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263977,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2032(08)60080-3"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c1ee4b0c8380cd6fa4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mingyang, Li","contributorId":105133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mingyang","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yunwei, Ju","contributorId":37161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yunwei","given":"Ju","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kumar, Sunil","contributorId":84992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"Sunil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033425,"text":"70033425 - 2008 - Seasonal and event variations in δ34S values of stream sulfate in a Vermont forested catchment: Implications for sulfur sources and cycling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-06T09:28:09","indexId":"70033425","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and event variations in δ34S values of stream sulfate in a Vermont forested catchment: Implications for sulfur sources and cycling","docAbstract":"Stable sulfur (S) isotope ratios can be used to identify the sources of sulfate contributing to streamwater. We collected weekly and high-flow stream samples for S isotopic analysis of sulfate through the entire water year 2003 plus the snowmelt period of 2004. The study area was the 41-ha forested W-9 catchment at Sleepers River Research Watershed, Vermont, a site known to produce sulfate from weathering of sulfide minerals in the bedrock. The δ34S values of streamwater sulfate followed an annual sinusoidal pattern ranging from about 6.5‰ in early spring to about 10‰ in early fall. During high-flow events, δ34S values typically decreased by 1 to 3‰ from the prevailing seasonal value. The isotopic evidence suggests that stream sulfate concentrations are controlled by: (1) an overall dominance of bedrock-derived sulfate (δ34S ~ 6–14‰); (2) contributions of pedogenic sulfate (δ34S ~ 5–6‰) during snowmelt and storms with progressively diminishing contributions during base flow recession; and (3) minor effects of dissimilatory bacterial sulfate reduction and subsequent reoxidation of sulfides. Bedrock should not be overlooked as a source of S in catchment sulfate budgets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.020","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., Mayer, B., Mitchell, M.J., and Bailey, S.W., 2008, Seasonal and event variations in δ34S values of stream sulfate in a Vermont forested catchment: Implications for sulfur sources and cycling: Science of the Total Environment, v. 404, no. 2-3, p. 262-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.020.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"268","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213201,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.020"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Sleepers River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.35595703125,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -72.35595703125,\n 44.63739123445585\n ],\n [\n -71.5869140625,\n 44.63739123445585\n ],\n [\n -71.5869140625,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -72.35595703125,\n 44.213709909702054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"404","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b886fe4b08c986b316986","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, Bernhard","contributorId":94972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Bernhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, Myron J.","contributorId":73734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Myron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bailey, Scott W. 0000-0002-9160-156X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-156X","contributorId":36840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033424,"text":"70033424 - 2008 - Satellite remotely-sensed land surface parameters and their climatic effects for three metropolitan regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:13:30","indexId":"70033424","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite remotely-sensed land surface parameters and their climatic effects for three metropolitan regions","docAbstract":"By using both high-resolution orthoimagery and medium-resolution Landsat satellite imagery with other geospatial information, several land surface parameters including impervious surfaces and land surface temperatures for three geographically distinct urban areas in the United States – Seattle, Washington, Tampa Bay, Florida, and Las Vegas, Nevada, are obtained. Percent impervious surface is used to quantitatively define the spatial extent and development density of urban land use. Land surface temperatures were retrieved by using a single band algorithm that processes both thermal infrared satellite data and total atmospheric water vapor content. Land surface temperatures were analyzed for different land use and land cover categories in the three regions. The heterogeneity of urban land surface and associated spatial extents were shown to influence surface thermal conditions because of the removal of vegetative cover, the introduction of non-transpiring surfaces, and the reduction in evaporation over urban impervious surfaces. Fifty years of in situ climate data were integrated to assess regional climatic conditions. The spatial structure of surface heating influenced by landscape characteristics has a profound influence on regional climate conditions, especially through urban heat island effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.004","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"Xian, G., 2008, Satellite remotely-sensed land surface parameters and their climatic effects for three metropolitan regions: Advances in Space Research, v. 41, no. 11, p. 1861-1869, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1861","endPage":"1869","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213200,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.004"}],"volume":"41","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86e6e4b08c986b3161bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, George 0000-0001-5674-2204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":76589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033420,"text":"70033420 - 2008 - Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033420","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"The oxidation of sulfide-rich rocks, mostly leftover debris from Cu mining in the early 20th century, is contributing to metal contamination of local coastal environments in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Analyses of sulfide, water, sediment, precipitate and biological samples from the Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman mine sites show that acidic surface waters generated from sulfide weathering are pathways for redistribution of environmentally important elements into and beyond the intertidal zone at each site. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits composed of pyrrhotite and (or) pyrite + chalcopyrite + sphalerite with subordinate galena, arsenopyrite, and cobaltite represent potent sources of Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Co, Cd, and Hg. The resistance to oxidation among the major sulfides increases in the order pyrrhotite ??? sphalerite < chalcopyrite ??? pyrite; thus, pyrrhotite-rich rocks are typically more oxidized than those dominated by pyrite. The pervasive alteration of pyrrhotite begins with rim replacement by marcasite followed by replacement of the core by sulfur, Fe sulfate, and Fe-Al sulfate. The oxidation of chalcopyrite and pyrite involves an encroachment by colloform Fe oxyhydroxides at grain margins and along crosscutting cracks that gradually consumes the entire grain. The complete oxidation of sulfide-rich samples results in a porous aggregate of goethite, lepidocrocite and amorphous Fe-oxyhydroxide enclosing hydrothermal and sedimentary silicates. An inverse correlation between pH and metal concentrations is evident in water data from all three sites. Among all waters sampled, pore waters from Ellamar beach gravels have the lowest pH (???3) and highest concentrations of base metals (to ???25,000 ??g/L), which result from oxidation of abundant sulfide-rich debris in the sediment. High levels of dissolved Hg (to 4100 ng/L) in the pore waters probably result from oxidation of sphalerite-rich rocks. The low-pH and high concentrations of dissolved Fe, Al, and SO4 are conducive to precipitation of interstitial jarosite in the intertidal gravels. Although pore waters from the intertidal zone at the Threeman mine site have circumneutral pH values, small amounts of dissolved Fe2+ in the pore waters are oxidized during mixing with seawater, resulting in precipitation of Fe-oxyhydroxide flocs along the beach-seawater interface. At the Beatson site, surface waters funneled through the underground mine workings and discharged across the waste dumps have near-neutral pH (6.7-7.3) and a relatively small base-metal load; however, these streams probably play a role in the physical transport of metalliferous particulates into intertidal and offshore areas during storm events. Somewhat more acidic fluids, to pH 5.3, occur in stagnant seeps and small streams emerging from the Beatson waste dumps. Amorphous Fe precipitates in stagnant waters at Beatson have high Cu (5.2 wt%) and Zn (2.3 wt%) concentrations that probably reflect adsorption onto the extremely high surface area of colloidal particles. Conversely, crystalline precipitates composed of ferrihydrite and schwertmannite that formed in the active flow of small streams have lower metal contents, which are attributed to their smaller surface area and, therefore, fewer reactive sorption sites. Seeps containing precipitates with high metal contents may contribute contaminants to the marine environment during storm-induced periods of high runoff. Preliminary chemical data for mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman indicate that bioaccumulation of base metals is occurring in the marine environment at all three sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Koski, R., Munk, L., Foster, A., Shanks, W.C., and Stillings, L., 2008, Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 2, p. 227-254, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007.","startPage":"227","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213196,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007"},{"id":240799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dc7e4b08c986b31da98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, R.A.","contributorId":16006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munk, L.","contributorId":45889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munk","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, A. L. 0000-0003-1362-0068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":17190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stillings, L.L.","contributorId":52229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}