The west watershed of Mirror Lake in the White Mountains of New Hampshire contains several terraces that are at different altitudes and have different geologic compositions. The lowest terrace (FSE) has 5 m of sand overlying 9 m of till. The two next successively higher terraces (FS2 and FS1) consist entirely of sand and have maximum thicknesses of about 7 m. A fourth, and highest, terrace (FS3) lies in the north-west watershed directly adjacent to the west watershed. This highest terrace has 2 m of sand overlying 8 m of till. All terraces overlie fractured crystalline bedrock. Numerical models of hypothetical settings simulating ground-water flow in a mountainside indicated that the presence of a terrace can cause local ground-water flow cells to develop, and that the flow patterns differ based on the geologic composition of the terrace. For example, more ground water moves from the bedrock to the glacial deposits beneath terraces consisting completely of sand than beneath terraces that have sand underlain by till. Field data from Mirror Lake watersheds corroborate the numerical experiments. The geology of the terraces also affects how the stream draining the west watershed interacts with ground water. The stream turns part way down the mountainside and passes between the two sand terraces, essentially transecting the movement of ground water down the valley side. Transects of water-table wells were installed across the stream's riparian zone above, between, and below the sand terraces. Head data from these wells indicated that the stream gains ground water on both sides above and below the sand terraces. However, where it flows between the sand terraces the stream gains ground water on its uphill side and loses water on its downhill side. Biogeochemical processes in the riparian zone of the flow-through reach have resulted in anoxic ground water beneath the lower sand terrace. Results of this study indicate that it is useful to understand patterns of ground-water flow in order to fully understand the flow and chemical characteristics of both ground water and surface water in mountainous terrain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6593","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., Buso, D., Shattuck, P., Harte, P., Vroblesky, D., and Goode, D., 2008, The effect of terrace geology on ground-water movement and on the interaction of ground water and surface water on a mountainside near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 1, p. 21-32, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6593.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"32","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214111,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6593"}],"country":"United States ","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab57e4b08c986b322d97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buso, D.C.","contributorId":31392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buso","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shattuck, P.C.","contributorId":60455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shattuck","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harte, P. T. 0000-0002-7718-1204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":36143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vroblesky, D.A.","contributorId":101691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goode, D.J. 0000-0002-8527-2456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":95512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033758,"text":"70033758 - 2008 - General and specialized media routinely employed for primary isolation of bacterial pathogens of fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033758","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"General and specialized media routinely employed for primary isolation of bacterial pathogens of fishes","docAbstract":"There are a number of significant diseases among cultured and free-ranging freshwater fishes that have a bacterial etiology; these represent a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive genera. Confirmatory diagnosis of these diseases involves primary isolation of the causative bacterium on bacteriologic media. Frequently used \"general\" bacteriologic media simply provide the essential nutrients for growth. For most of the major pathogens, however, there are differential and/or selective media that facilitate primary recovery. Some specialized media are available as \"ready-to-use\" from suppliers, while others must be prepared. Differential media employ various types of indicator systems, such as pH indicators, that allow diagnosticians to observe assimilation of selected substrates. An advantage to the use of differential media for primary isolation is that they hasten bacterial characterization by yielding the appropriate positive or negative result for a particular substrate, often leading to a presumptive identification. Selective media also incorporate agent(s) that inhibit the growth of contaminants typically encountered with samples from aquatic environments. Media that incorporate differential and/or selective components are ideally based on characters that are unique to the targeted bacterium, and their use can reduce the time associated with diagnosis and facilitate early intervention in affected fish populations. In this review, the concepts of general and differential/selective bacteriologic media and their use and development for fish pathogens are discussed. The media routinely employed for primary isolation of the significant bacterial pathogens of fishes are presented. ?? Wildlife Disease Association 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Starliper, C.E., 2008, General and specialized media routinely employed for primary isolation of bacterial pathogens of fishes: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 44, no. 1, p. 121-132.","startPage":"121","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14fee4b0c8380cd54c69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starliper, C. E.","contributorId":59739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starliper","given":"C.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033759,"text":"70033759 - 2008 - Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:04:03","indexId":"70033759","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1995,"text":"Inhalation Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components","docAbstract":"Tire and brake wear particles contain transition metals, and contribute to near-road PM. We hypothesized that acute cardiopulmonary injury from respirable tire particles (TP) will depend on the amount of soluble metals. Respirable fractions of two types of TP (TP1 and TP2) were analyzed for water and acid-leachable metals using ICP-AES. Both TP types contained a variety of transition metals, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), aluminum, and iron. Zn and Cu were detected at high levels in water-soluble fractions (TP2 > TP1). Male Wistar Kyoto rats (12–14 wk) were intratracheally instilled, in the first study, with saline, TP1 or TP2 (5 mg/kg), and in the second study, with soluble Zn, Cu (0.5 μ mol/kg), or both. Pulmonary toxicity and cardiac mitochondrial enzymes were analyzed 1 d, 1 wk, or 4 wk later for TP and 4 or 24 h later for metals. Increases in lavage fluid markers of inflammation and injury were observed at d 1 (TP2 > TP1), but these changes reversed by wk 1. No effects on cardiac enzymes were noted with either TP. Exposure of rats to soluble Zn and Cu caused marked pulmonary inflammation and injury but temporal differences were apparent (Cu effects peaked at 4 h and Zn at 24 h). Instillation of Zn, Cu, and Zn+ Cu decreased the activity of cardiac aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome-c-oxidase and superoxide dismutase suggesting mitochondrial oxidative stress. The observed acute pulmonary toxicity of TP could be due to the presence of water soluble Zn and Cu. At high concentrations these metals may induce cardiac oxidative stress.
Mid‐2007 was a time of intense activity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii (see Figure 1). In June, the long‐lived Pu'u 'Ō'ō—Kupaianaha eruption, a dual‐vent system along the east rift zone (ERZ) that has been erupting since 1983 [Heliker et al., 2003], paused due to the outbreak of a new vent farther up the rift (see Figure 2). The Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent collapsed following that activity, and the resulting reorganization of the magma plumbing system led to the formation of a second new eruptive vent 2 kilometers downrift of Pu'u 'Ō'ō.
These events were well documented by geological, geophysical, and geochemical monitoring. This article summarizes results from these monitoring efforts and interprets the changes that have occurred at Kilauea since June 2007.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008EO050001","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Poland, M.P., Mikijus, A., Orr, T.R., Sutton, J., Thornber, C., and Wilson, D.C., 2008, New episodes of volcanism at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 89, no. 5, p. 37-38, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008EO050001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":616,"text":"Volcano Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476634,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008eo050001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214144,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008EO050001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.46615600585935,\n 19.193162613044294\n ],\n [\n -154.95117187499997,\n 19.193162613044294\n ],\n [\n -154.95117187499997,\n 19.505431220375744\n ],\n [\n -155.46615600585935,\n 19.505431220375744\n ],\n [\n -155.46615600585935,\n 19.193162613044294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6572e4b0c8380cd72bc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. 0000-0003-1157-7588 torr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588","contributorId":149803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutton, J.","contributorId":23706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thornber, Carl 0000-0002-6382-4408 cthornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-4408","contributorId":167396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"Carl","email":"cthornber@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033762,"text":"70033762 - 2008 - Evidence for crustal degassing of CF4 and SF6 in Mojave Desert groundwaters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:07:19","indexId":"70033762","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for crustal degassing of CF4 and SF6 in Mojave Desert groundwaters","docAbstract":"Dissolved tetrafluoromethane (CF4) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) concentrations were measured in groundwater samples from the Eastern Morongo Basin (EMB) and Mojave River Basin (MRB) located in the southern Mojave Desert, California. Both CF4 and SF6 are supersaturated with respect to equilibrium with the preindustrial atmosphere at the recharge temperatures and elevations of the Mojave Desert. These observations provide the first in situ evidence for a flux of CF4 from the lithosphere. A gradual basin-wide enhancement in dissolved CF4 and SF6 concentrations with groundwater age is consistent with release of these gases during weathering of the surrounding granitic alluvium. Dissolved CF4 and SF6 concentrations in these groundwaters also contain a deeper crustal component associated with a lithospheric flux entering the EMB and MRB through the underlying basement. The crustal flux of CF4, but not of SF6, is enhanced in the vicinity of local active fault systems due to release of crustal fluids during episodic fracture events driven by local tectonic activity. When fluxes of CF4 and SF6 into Mojave Desert groundwaters are extrapolated to the global scale they are consistent, within large uncertainties, with the fluxes required to sustain the preindustrial atmospheric abundances of CF4 and SF6. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.027","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Deeds, D., Vollmer, M., Kulongoski, J., Miller, B., Muhle, J., Harth, C., Izbicki, J., Hilton, D.R., and Weiss, R., 2008, Evidence for crustal degassing of CF4 and SF6 in Mojave Desert groundwaters: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 4, p. 999-1013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.027.","startPage":"999","endPage":"1013","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214175,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.027"}],"volume":"72","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d38e4b0c8380cd52eac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deeds, D.A.","contributorId":42441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deeds","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vollmer, M.K.","contributorId":71400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vollmer","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kulongoski, J.T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":61213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, B.R.","contributorId":36372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Muhle, J.","contributorId":43579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhle","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harth, C.M.","contributorId":31996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harth","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hilton, David R.","contributorId":37116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Weiss, R.F.","contributorId":62422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70033764,"text":"70033764 - 2008 - Buruli ulcer disease prevalence in Benin, West Africa: Associations with land use/cover and the identification of disease clusters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033764","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2050,"text":"International Journal of Health Geographics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Buruli ulcer disease prevalence in Benin, West Africa: Associations with land use/cover and the identification of disease clusters","docAbstract":"Background: Buruli ulcer (BU) disease, caused by infection with the environmental mycobacterium M. ulcerans, is an emerging infectious disease in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Although vectors and modes of transmission remain unknown, it is hypothesized that the transmission of BU disease is associated with human activities in or around aquatic environments, and that characteristics of the landscape (e.g., land use/cover) play a role in mediating BU disease. Several studies performed at relatively small spatial scales (e.g., within a single village or region of a country) support these hypotheses; however, if BU disease is associated with land use/cover characteristics, either through spatial constraints on vector-host dynamics or by mediating human activities, then large-scale (i.e., country-wide) associations should also emerge. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate associations between BU disease prevalence in villages in Benin, West Africa and surrounding land use/cover patterns and other map-based characteristics, and (2) identify areas with greater and lower than expected prevalence rates (i.e., disease clusters) to assist with the development of prevention and control programs. Results: Our landscape-based models identified low elevation, rural villages surrounded by forest land cover, and located in drainage basins with variable wetness patterns as being associated with higher BU disease prevalence rates. We also identified five spatial disease clusters. Three of the five clusters contained villages with greater than expected prevalence rates and two clusters contained villages with lower than expected prevalence rates. Those villages with greater than expected BU disease prevalence rates spanned a fairly narrow region of south-central Benin. Conclusion: Our analyses suggest that interactions between natural land cover and human alterations to the landscape likely play a role in the dynamics of BU disease. For example, urbanization, potentially by providing access to protected water sources, may reduce the likelihood of becoming infected with BU disease. Villages located at low elevations may have higher BU disease prevalence rates due to their close spatial proximity to high risk environments. In addition, forest land cover and drainage basins with variable wetness patterns may be important for providing suitable growth conditions for M. ulcerans, influencing the distribution and abundance of vectors, or mediating vector-human interactions. The identification of disease clusters in this study provides direction for future research aimed at better understanding these and other environmental and social determinants involved in BU disease outbreaks. ?? 2008 Wagner et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Health Geographics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1186/1476-072X-7-25","issn":"1476072X","usgsCitation":"Wagner, T., Benbow, M., Brenden, T., Qi, J., and Johnson, R.C., 2008, Buruli ulcer disease prevalence in Benin, West Africa: Associations with land use/cover and the identification of disease clusters: International Journal of Health Geographics, v. 7, https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-7-25.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487719,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072x-7-25","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214204,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-7-25"},{"id":241902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2bbe4b0c8380cd4b31d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, T.","contributorId":7488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benbow, M.E.","contributorId":13586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benbow","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenden, T.O.","contributorId":22978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenden","given":"T.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qi, J.","contributorId":48718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, R. C. 0000-0002-6197-5165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":101621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":442350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033765,"text":"70033765 - 2008 - Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic constituents in ambient surface soils, Chicago, Illinois: 2001-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033765","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3422,"text":"Soil and Sediment Contamination","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic constituents in ambient surface soils, Chicago, Illinois: 2001-2002","docAbstract":"Samples of ambient surface soils were collected from 56 locations in Chicago, Illinois, using stratified random sampling techniques and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds and inorganic constituents. PAHs appear to be derived primarily from combustion of fossil fuels and may be affected by proximity to industrial operations, but do not appear to be substantially affected by the organic carbon content of the soil, proximity to nonindustrial land uses, or proximity to a roadway. Atmospheric settling of particulate matter appears to be an important mechanism for the placement of PAH compounds into soils. Concentrations of most inorganic constituents are affected primarily by soil-forming processes. Concentrations of lead, arsenic, mercury, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, molybdenum, zinc, and selenium are elevated in ambient surface soils in Chicago in comparison to the surrounding area, indicating anthropogenic sources for these elements in Chicago soils. Concentrations of calcium and magnesium in Chicago soils appear to reflect the influence of the carbonate bedrock parent material on the chemical composition of the soil, although the effects of concrete and road fill cannot be discounted. Concentrations of inorganic constituents appear to be largely unaffected by the type of nearby land use. Copyright ?? Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil and Sediment Contamination","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/15320380802006939","issn":"15320383","usgsCitation":"Kay, R., Arnold, T., Cannon, W., and Graham, D., 2008, Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic constituents in ambient surface soils, Chicago, Illinois: 2001-2002: Soil and Sediment Contamination, v. 17, no. 3, p. 221-236, https://doi.org/10.1080/15320380802006939.","startPage":"221","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214205,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15320380802006939"},{"id":241903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f999e4b0c8380cd4d6ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, R.T.","contributorId":72026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, T.L.","contributorId":11810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, D.","contributorId":60457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033766,"text":"70033766 - 2008 - Plant-herbivore interactions mediated by plant toxicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033766","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3593,"text":"Theoretical Population Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant-herbivore interactions mediated by plant toxicity","docAbstract":"We explore the impact of plant toxicity on the dynamics of a plant-herbivore interaction, such as that of a mammalian browser and its plant forage species, by studying a mathematical model that includes a toxin-determined functional response. In this functional response, the traditional Holling Type 2 response is modified to include the negative effect of toxin on herbivore growth, which can overwhelm the positive effect of biomass ingestion at sufficiently high plant toxicant concentrations. Two types of consumption decisions of the herbivore are considered. One of these (Case 1) incorporates the adaptation of the herbivore to control its rate of consumption of plant items when that is likely to lead to levels of toxicity that more than offset the marginal gain to the herbivore of consuming more plant biomass, while the other (Case 2) simply assumes that, although the herbivore's rate of ingestion of plant biomass is negatively affected by increasing ingestion of toxicant relative to the load it can safely deal with, the herbivore is not able to prevent detrimental or even lethal levels of toxicant intake. A primary result of this work is that these differences in behavior lead to dramatically different outcomes, summarized in bifurcation diagrams. In Case 2, a wide variety of dynamics may occur due to the interplay of Holling Type 2 dynamics and the effect of the plant toxicant. These dynamics include the occurrence of bistability, in which both a periodic solution and the herbivore-extinction equilibrium are attractors, as well the possibility of a homoclinic bifurcation. Whether the herbivore goes to extinction in the bistable case depends on initial conditions of herbivore and plant biomasses. For relatively low herbivore resource acquisition rates, the toxicant effect increases the likelihood of 'paradox of enrichment' type limit cycle oscillations, but at higher resource acquisition rates, the toxicant may decrease the likelihood of these cycles. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Theoretical Population Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2007.12.004","issn":"00405809","usgsCitation":"Feng, Z., Liu, R., and DeAngelis, D., 2008, Plant-herbivore interactions mediated by plant toxicity: Theoretical Population Biology, v. 73, no. 3, p. 449-459, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2007.12.004.","startPage":"449","endPage":"459","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214233,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2007.12.004"},{"id":241933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c04e4b0c8380cd7974e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feng, Z.","contributorId":84991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, R.","contributorId":23731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033768,"text":"70033768 - 2008 - Chronic wasting disease in a Wisconsin white-tailed deer farm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033768","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2492,"text":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronic wasting disease in a Wisconsin white-tailed deer farm","docAbstract":"In September 2002, chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disorder of captive and wild cervids, was diagnosed in a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from a captive farm in Wisconsin. The facility was subsequently quarantined, and in January 2006 the remaining 76 deer were depopulated. Sixty animals (79%) were found to be positive by immunohistochemical staining for the abnormal prion protein (PrPCWD) in at least one tissue; the prevalence of positive staining was high even in young deer. Although none of the deer displayed clinical signs suggestive of CWD at depopulation, 49 deer had considerable accumulation of the abnormal prion in the medulla at the level of the obex. Extraneural accumulation of the abnormal protein was observed in 59 deer, with accumulation in the retropharyngeal lymph node in 58 of 59 (98%), in the tonsil in 56 of 59 (95%), and in the rectal mucosal lymphoid tissue in 48 of 58 (83%). The retina was positive in 4 deer, all with marked accumulation of prion in the obex. One deer was considered positive for PrPCWD in the brain but not in the extraneural tissue, a novel observation in white-tailed deer. The infection rate in captive deer was 20-fold higher than in wild deer. Although weakly related to infection rates in extraneural tissues, prion genotype was strongly linked to progression of prion accumulation in the obex. Antemortem testing by biopsy of rectoanal mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (or other peripheral lymphoid tissue) may be a useful adjunct to tonsil biopsy for surveillance in captive herds at risk for CWD infection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10406","usgsCitation":"Keane, D., Barr, D., Bochsler, P., Hall, S., Gidlewski, T., O’Rourke, K.I., Spraker, T., and Samuel, M., 2008, Chronic wasting disease in a Wisconsin white-tailed deer farm: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, v. 20, no. 5, p. 698-703.","startPage":"698","endPage":"703","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5f1e4b0c8380cd4c4d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keane, D.P.","contributorId":14626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keane","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barr, D.J.","contributorId":48773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bochsler, P.N.","contributorId":85415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bochsler","given":"P.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, S.M. 0000-0002-0931-8694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-8694","contributorId":41230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gidlewski, T.","contributorId":53550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gidlewski","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Rourke, K. I.","contributorId":73832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Rourke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spraker, T.R.","contributorId":19907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spraker","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70033769,"text":"70033769 - 2008 - A modeling tool to evaluate regional coral reef responses to changes in climate and ocean chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033769","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A modeling tool to evaluate regional coral reef responses to changes in climate and ocean chemistry","docAbstract":"We developed a spreadsheet-based model for the use of managers, conservationists, and biologists for projecting the effects of climate change on coral reefs at local-to-regional scales. The COMBO (Coral Mortality and Bleaching Output) model calculates the impacts to coral reefs from changes in average SST and CO2 concentrations, and from high temperature mortality (bleaching) events. The model uses a probabilistic assessment of the frequency of high temperature events under a future climate to address scientific uncertainties about potential adverse effects. COMBO offers data libraries and default factors for three selected regions (Hawai'i, Great Barrier Reef, and Caribbean), but it is structured with user-selectable parameter values and data input options, making possible modifications to reflect local conditions or to incorporate local expertise. Preliminary results from sensitivity analyses and simulation examples for Hawai'i demonstrate the relative importance of high temperature events, increased average temperature, and increased CO2 concentration on the future status of coral reefs; Illustrate significant interactions among variables; and allow comparisons of past environmental history with future predictions. ?? 2008, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanugraphy, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15415","usgsCitation":"Buddemeier, R., Jokiel, P., Zimmerman, K., Lane, D., Carey, J., Bohling, G.C., and Martinich, J., 2008, A modeling tool to evaluate regional coral reef responses to changes in climate and ocean chemistry: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 6, no. SEPT, p. 395-411.","startPage":"395","endPage":"411","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"SEPT","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e482e4b0c8380cd4669e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jokiel, P. L.","contributorId":80367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jokiel","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimmerman, K.M.","contributorId":101469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, D.R.","contributorId":76559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carey, J.M.","contributorId":50366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bohling, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":43109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohling","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Martinich, J.A.","contributorId":103099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinich","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033770,"text":"70033770 - 2008 - Miocene extension in the East Range, Nevada: A two-stage history of normal faulting in the northern basin and range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033770","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Miocene extension in the East Range, Nevada: A two-stage history of normal faulting in the northern basin and range","docAbstract":"The East Range in northwestern Nevada is a large, east-tilted crustal block bounded by west-dipping normal faults. Detailed mapping of Tertiary stratigraphic units demonstrates a two-phase history of faulting and extension. The oldest sedimentary and volcanic rocks in the area record cumulative tilting of -30??-45??E, whereas younger olivine basalt flows indicate only a 15??-20??E tilt since ca. 17-13 Ma. Cumulative fault slip during these two episodes caused a minimum of 40% extensional strain across the East Range, and Quaternary fault scarps and seismic activity indicate that fault motion has continued to the present day. Apatite fission track and (U-Th)/He data presented here show that faulting began in the East Range ca. 17-15 Ma, coeval with middle Miocene extension that occurred across much of the Basin and Range. This phase of extension occurred contemporaneously with middle Miocene volcanism related to the nearby northern Nevada rifts, suggesting a link between magmatism and extensional stresses in the crust that facilitated normal faulting in the East Range. Younger fault slip, although less well constrained, began after 10 Ma and is synchronous with the onset of low-magnitude extension in many parts of northwestern Nevada and eastern California. These findings imply that, rather than migrating west across a discrete boundary, late Miocene extension in western Nevada is a distinct, younger period of faulting that is superimposed on the older, middle Miocene distribution of extended and unextended domains. The partitioning of such middle Miocene deformation may reflect the influence of localized heterogeneities in crustal structure, whereas the more broadly distributed late Miocene extension may reflect a stronger influence from regional plate boundary processes that began in the late Miocene. ?? 2008 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B26201.1","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Fosdick, J., and Colgan, J., 2008, Miocene extension in the East Range, Nevada: A two-stage history of normal faulting in the northern basin and range: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 120, no. 9-10, p. 1198-1213, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26201.1.","startPage":"1198","endPage":"1213","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214290,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26201.1"}],"volume":"120","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b36e4b0c8380cd6f3ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fosdick, J.C.","contributorId":15416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosdick","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colgan, J.P.","contributorId":71678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033771,"text":"70033771 - 2008 - Improved tests reveal that the accelarating moment release hypothesis is statistically insignificant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033771","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved tests reveal that the accelarating moment release hypothesis is statistically insignificant","docAbstract":"We test the hypothesis that accelerating moment release (AMR) is a precursor to large earthquakes, using data from California, Nevada, and Sumatra. Spurious cases of AMR can arise from data fitting because the time period, area, and sometimes magnitude range analyzed before each main shock are often optimized to produce the strongest AMR signal. Optimizing the search criteria can identify apparent AMR even if no robust signal exists. For both 1950-2006 California-Nevada M ??? 6.5 earthquakes and the 2004 M9.3 Sumatra earthquake, we can find two contradictory patterns in the pre-main shock earthquakes by data fitting: AMR and decelerating moment release. We compare the apparent AMR found in the real data to the apparent AMR found in four types of synthetic catalogs with no inherent AMR. When spatiotemporal clustering is included in the simulations, similar AMR signals are found by data fitting in both the real and synthetic data sets even though the synthetic data sets contain no real AMR. These tests demonstrate that apparent AMR may arise from a combination of data fitting and normal foreshock and aftershock activity. In principle, data-fitting artifacts could be avoided if the free parameters were determined from scaling relationships between the duration and spatial extent of the AMR pattern and the magnitude of the earthquake that follows it. However, we demonstrate that previously proposed scaling relationships are unstable, statistical artifacts caused by the use of a minimum magnitude for the earthquake catalog that scales with the main shock magnitude. Some recent AMR studies have used spatial regions based on hypothetical stress loading patterns, rather than circles, to select the data. We show that previous tests were biased and that unbiased tests do not find this change to the method to be an improvement. The use of declustered catalogs has also been proposed to eliminate the effect of clustering but we demonstrate that this does not increase the statistical significance of AMR. Given the ease with which data fitting can find desired patterns in seismicity, future studies of AMR-like observations must include complete tests against synthetic catalogs that include spatiotemporal clustering.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005410","issn":"01480","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J., Felzer, K., and Michael, A., 2008, Improved tests reveal that the accelarating moment release hypothesis is statistically insignificant: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005410.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487144,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jb005410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005410"}],"volume":"113","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3967e4b0c8380cd618ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, J.L.","contributorId":98862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Felzer, K.R.","contributorId":47562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felzer","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033772,"text":"70033772 - 2008 - Fe-Ni metal in primitive chondrites: Indicators of classification and metamorphic conditions for ordinary and CO chondrites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033772","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2715,"text":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fe-Ni metal in primitive chondrites: Indicators of classification and metamorphic conditions for ordinary and CO chondrites","docAbstract":"We report the results of our petrological and mineralogical study of Fe-Ni metal in type 3 ordinary and CO chondrites, and the ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094. Fe-Ni metal in ordinary and CO chondrites occurs in chondrule interiors, on chondrule surfaces, and as isolated grains in the matrix. Isolated Ni-rich metal in chondrites of petrologic type lower than type 3.10 is enriched in Co relative to the kamacite in chondrules. However, Ni-rich metal in type 3.15-3.9 chondrites always contains less Co than does kamacite. Fe-Ni metal grains in chondrules in Semarkona typically show plessitic intergrowths consisting of submicrometer kamacite and Ni-rich regions. Metal in other type 3 chondrites is composed of fine- to coarse-grained aggregates of kamacite and Ni-rich metal, resulting from metamorphism in the parent body. We found that the number density of Ni-rich grains in metal (number of Ni-rich grains per unit area of metal) in chondrules systematically decreases with increasing petrologic type. Thus, Fe-Ni metal is a highly sensitive recorder of metamorphism in ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites, and can be used to distinguish petrologic type and identify the least thermally metamorphosed chondrites. Among the known ordinary and CO chondrites, Semarkona is the most primitive. The range of metamorphic temperatures were similar for type 3 ordinary and CO chondrites, despite them having different parent bodies. Most Fe-Ni metal in Acfer 094 is martensite, and it preserves primary features. The degree of metamorphism is lower in Acfer 094, a true type 3.00 chondrite, than in Semarkona, which should be reclassified as type 3.01. ?? The Meteoritical Society, 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10869","usgsCitation":"Kimura, M., Grossman, J.N., and Weisberg, M., 2008, Fe-Ni metal in primitive chondrites: Indicators of classification and metamorphic conditions for ordinary and CO chondrites: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 43, no. 7, p. 1161-1177.","startPage":"1161","endPage":"1177","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f31e4b0c8380cd537fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimura, M.","contributorId":49617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimura","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weisberg, M.K.","contributorId":74943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033774,"text":"70033774 - 2008 - Mercury correlations among six tissues for four waterbird species breeding in San Francisco Bay, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-25T15:53:11","indexId":"70033774","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury correlations among six tissues for four waterbird species breeding in San Francisco Bay, California, USA","docAbstract":"Despite a large body of research concerning mercury (Hg) in birds, no single tissue has been used consistently to assess Hg exposure, and this has hampered comparisons across studies. We evaluated the relationships of Hg concentrations among tissues in four species of waterbirds (American avocets [Recurvirostra americana], black-necked stilts [Himantopus mexicanus], Caspian terns [Hydroprogne caspia; formerly Sterna caspia], and Forster's terns [Sterna forsteri]) and across three life stages (prebreeding adults, breeding adults, and chicks) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Across species and life stages, Hg concentrations (least square mean ?? standard error) were highest in head feathers (6.45 ?? 0.31 ??g/g dry wt) and breast feathers (5.76 ?? 0.28 ??g/g dry wt), followed by kidney (4.54 ?? 0.22 ??g/g dry wt), liver (4.43 ?? 0.21 ??g/g dry wt), blood (3.10 ?? 0.15 ??g/g dry wt), and muscle (1.67 ?? 0.08 ??g/g dry wt). Relative Hg distribution among tissues, however, differed by species and life stage. Mercury concentrations were highly correlated among internal tissues (r 2 ??? 0.89). Conversely, the relationships between Hg in feathers and internal tissues were substantially weaker (r2 ??? 0.42). Regression slopes sometimes differed among species and life stages, indicating that care must be used when predicting Hg concentrations in one tissue based on those in another. However, we found good agreement between predictions made using a general tissue-prediction equation and more specific equations developed for each species and life stage. Finally, our results suggest that blood is an excellent, nonlethal predictor of Hg concentrations in internal tissues but that feathers are relatively poor indicators of Hg concentrations in internal tissues. ?? 2008 SETAC Printed in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/08-038.1","issn":"07307","usgsCitation":"Eagles-Smith, C.A., Ackerman, J., Adelsbach, T., Takekawa, J.Y., Miles, A., and Keister, R., 2008, Mercury correlations among six tissues for four waterbird species breeding in San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 27, no. 10, p. 2136-2153, https://doi.org/10.1897/08-038.1.","startPage":"2136","endPage":"2153","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214348,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/08-038.1"}],"volume":"27","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53f8e4b0c8380cd6ce43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":442390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adelsbach, T.L.","contributorId":85906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adelsbach","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":442388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miles, A.K. 0000-0002-3108-808X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":85902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keister, R.A.","contributorId":6784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keister","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179355,"text":"70179355 - 2008 - Patterns of larval catostomid emigration from the Sprague and lower Williamson rivers of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon, prior to the removal of Chiloquin Dam. Annual report 2004-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-29T12:38:49","indexId":"70179355","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Patterns of larval catostomid emigration from the Sprague and lower Williamson rivers of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon, prior to the removal of Chiloquin Dam. Annual report 2004-2005","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Ellsworth, C., Tyler, T., VanderKooi, S.P., and Markle, D., 2008, Patterns of larval catostomid emigration from the Sprague and lower Williamson rivers of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon, prior to the removal of Chiloquin Dam. Annual report 2004-2005.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332637,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.091064453125,\n 42.59151063198149\n ],\n [\n -121.67907714843751,\n 42.59151063198149\n ],\n [\n -121.4923095703125,\n 42.01052981889534\n ],\n [\n -122.22290039062499,\n 42.0125705565935\n ],\n [\n -122.091064453125,\n 42.59151063198149\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f1be4b0cd2dabe7c4d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellsworth, C.M.","contributorId":177755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tyler, T.J.","contributorId":177756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyler","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanderKooi, S. P.","contributorId":12587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanderKooi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markle, D.F.","contributorId":177757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markle","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70179363,"text":"70179363 - 2008 - Differences in subyearling fall Chinook salmon migratory behavior in the Snake and Clearwater rivers. Annual report 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-29T12:57:08","indexId":"70179363","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Differences in subyearling fall Chinook salmon migratory behavior in the Snake and Clearwater rivers. Annual report 2006","docAbstract":"n/a
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of summer flow augmentation on the migratroy behavior and survival of juvenile Snake River fall Chinook salmon","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K., 2008, Differences in subyearling fall Chinook salmon migratory behavior in the Snake and Clearwater rivers. Annual report 2006, 17 p. .","productDescription":"17 p. ","startPage":"68","endPage":"84","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f1ae4b0cd2dabe7c4cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70179374,"text":"70179374 - 2008 - Estimates of fish-, spill-, and sluiceway-passage efficiencies of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon during spring and summer at The Dalles Dam in 2004: Draft final report of research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-29T14:37:23","indexId":"70179374","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Estimates of fish-, spill-, and sluiceway-passage efficiencies of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon during spring and summer at The Dalles Dam in 2004: Draft final report of research","docAbstract":"n/a
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Hansel, H., Juhnke, S., Haner, P., Dingmon, L., and Beeman, J., 2008, Estimates of fish-, spill-, and sluiceway-passage efficiencies of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon during spring and summer at The Dalles Dam in 2004: Draft final report of research, 106 p.","productDescription":"106 p.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332651,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f18e4b0cd2dabe7c4cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansel, H.C.","contributorId":34624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juhnke, S.D.","contributorId":177771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juhnke","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haner, P.V.","contributorId":63912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dingmon, L.","contributorId":65286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dingmon","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035230,"text":"70035230 - 2008 - Paleobiogeographic affinities of emsian (late early devonian) gastropods from farewell terrane (west-central Alaska)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035230","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleobiogeographic affinities of emsian (late early devonian) gastropods from farewell terrane (west-central Alaska)","docAbstract":"The vast majority of Emsian gastropods from Limestone Mountain, Medfra B-4 quadrangle, west-central Alaska (Farewell terrane) belong to species with lecithotrophic larval strategy. The present data show that there is no significant difference in the paleobiogeo-graphic distribution of Emsian gastropod genera with lecithotrophic and planktotrophic larval strategies. Numerical analysis of the faunal affinities of the Emsian gastropod fauna from the Farewell terrane reveals that this terrane has much stronger faunal connections to regions like Variscan Europe, eastern Australia, and the Alexander terrane of southeast Alaska than to cratonic North America (Laurentia). The Canadian Arctic Islands is the only region of cratonic North America (Laurentia) that shows significant faunal affinities to the Emsian gastropod faunas of the Farewell terrane. The analysis also indicates a close faunal link between the Farewell and Alexander terranes. Published paleontological and geological data suggest that the Farewell and Alexander terranes represents tectonic entities that have been rifted away from the Siberia, Baltica, or the paleo-Pacific margin of Australia. The results of the present numerical analysis are not in conflict with any of these possibilities. However, the principle of spatial continuity of the wandering path prefers Siberia as the most probable \"parental\" paleocontinent for the derivation of both the Farewell and Alexander terranes. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.442(07)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Fryda, J., and Blodgett, R.B., 2008, Paleobiogeographic affinities of emsian (late early devonian) gastropods from farewell terrane (west-central Alaska): Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 442, p. 107-120, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.442(07).","startPage":"107","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.442(07)"}],"issue":"442","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73b0e4b0c8380cd771b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fryda, J.","contributorId":105140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fryda","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blodgett, R. B.","contributorId":25176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035227,"text":"70035227 - 2008 - New opportunities for international cooperation in land imaging: The U.S. national land imaging program initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035227","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"New opportunities for international cooperation in land imaging: The U.S. national land imaging program initiative","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"International Astronautical Federation - 59th International Astronautical Congress 2008, IAC 2008","conferenceTitle":"59th International Astronautical Congress 2008, IAC 2008","conferenceDate":"29 September 2008 through 3 October 2008","conferenceLocation":"Glasgow","language":"English","isbn":"9781615671601","usgsCitation":"Stryker, T., 2008, New opportunities for international cooperation in land imaging: The U.S. national land imaging program initiative, in International Astronautical Federation - 59th International Astronautical Congress 2008, IAC 2008, v. 4, Glasgow, 29 September 2008 through 3 October 2008, p. 2522-2528.","startPage":"2522","endPage":"2528","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65f4e4b0c8380cd72cb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stryker, T.","contributorId":33935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stryker","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70035226,"text":"70035226 - 2008 - Stratigraphic evidence for the role of lake spillover in the inception of the lower Colorado River in southern Nevada and western Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035226","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Stratigraphic evidence for the role of lake spillover in the inception of the lower Colorado River in southern Nevada and western Arizona","docAbstract":"Late Miocene and early Pliocene sediments exposed along the lower Colorado River near Laughlin, Nevada, contain evidence that establishment of this reach of the river after 5.6 Ma involved flooding from lake spillover through a bedrock divide between Cottonwood Valley to the north and Mohave Valley to the south. Lacustrine marls interfingered with and conformably overlying a sequence of post-5.6 Ma finegrained valley-fill deposits record an early phase of intermittent lacustrine inundation restricted to Cottonwood Valley. Limestone, mud, sand, and minor gravel of the Bouse Formation were subsequently deposited above an unconformity. At the north end of Mohave Valley, a coarse-grained, lithologically distinct fluvial conglomerate separates subaerial, locally derived fan deposits from subaqueous deposits of the Bouse Formation. We interpret this key unit as evidence for overtopping and catastrophic breaching of the paleodivide immediately before deep lacustrine inundation of both valleys. Exposures in both valleys reveal a substantial erosional unconformity that records drainage of the lake and predates the arrival of sediment of the through-going Colorado River. Subsequent river aggradation culminated in the Pliocene between 4.1 and 3.3 Ma. The stratigraphic associations and timing of this drainage transition are consistent with geochemical evidence linking lacustrine conditions to the early Colorado River, the timings of drainage integration and canyon incision on the Colorado Plateau, the arrival of Colorado River sand at its terminus in the Salton Trough, and a downstream-directed mode of river integration common in areas of crustal extension. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.2439(15)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"House, P., Pearthree, P., and Perkins, M.E., 2008, Stratigraphic evidence for the role of lake spillover in the inception of the lower Colorado River in southern Nevada and western Arizona, in Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 439, p. 335-353, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(15).","startPage":"335","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215093,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.2439(15)"},{"id":242866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"439","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98f6e4b08c986b31c1a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"House, P.K.","contributorId":25755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearthree, P. A.","contributorId":77236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearthree","given":"P. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perkins, M. E.","contributorId":92707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035218,"text":"70035218 - 2008 - Significance of detrital zircons in upper Devonian ocean-basin strata of the Sonora allochthon and Lower Permian synorogenic strata of the Mina Mexico foredeep, central Sonora, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035218","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Significance of detrital zircons in upper Devonian ocean-basin strata of the Sonora allochthon and Lower Permian synorogenic strata of the Mina Mexico foredeep, central Sonora, Mexico","docAbstract":"U-Pb isotopic dating of detrital zircons from a conglomeratic barite sandstone in the Sonora allochthon and a calciclastic sandstone in the Mina Mexico foredeep of the Minas de Barita area reveals two main age groups in the Upper Devonian part of the Los Pozos Formation, 1.73-1.65 Ga and 1.44-1.42 Ga; and three main age groups in the Lower Permian part of the Mina Mexico Formation, 1.93-1.91 Ga, 1.45-1.42 Ga, and 1.1-1.0 Ga. Small numbers of zircons with ages of 2.72-2.65 Ga, 1.30-1.24 Ga, ca. 2.46 Ga, ca. 1.83 Ga, and ca. 0.53 Ga are also present in the Los Pozos sandstone. Detrital zircons ranging in age from 1.73 to 1.65 Ga are considered to have been derived from the Yavapai, Mojave, and Mazatzal Provinces and their transition zones of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. The 1.45-1.30 Ga detrital zircons were probably derived from scattered granite bodies within the Mojave and Mazatzal basement rocks in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, and possibly from the Southern and Eastern Granite-Rhyolite Provinces of the southern United States. The 1.24-1.0 Ga detrital zircons are believed to have been derived from the Grenville (Llano) Province to the east and northeast or from Grenvilleage intrusions or anatectites to the north. Several detrital zircon ages ranging from 2.72 to 1.91 Ga were probably derived originally from the Archean Wyoming Province and Early Paleoproterozoic rocks of the Lake Superior region. These older detrital zircons most likely have been recycled one or more times into the Paleozoic sandstones of central Sonora. The 0.53 Ga zircon is believed to have been derived from a Lower Cambrian granitoid or meta-morphic rock northeast of central Sonora, possibly in New Mexico and Colorado, or Oklahoma. Detrital zircon geochronology suggests that most of the detritus in both samples was derived from Laurentia to the north, whereas some detritus in the Permian synorogenic foredeep sequence was derived from the evolving accretionary wedge to the south. Compositional and sedimentological differences between the continental-rise Los Pozos conglomeratic barite sandstone and the foredeep Mina Mexico calciclastic sandstone imply different depositional and tectonic settings. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2008.442(08)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Poole, F.G., Gehrels, G.E., and Stewart, J., 2008, Significance of detrital zircons in upper Devonian ocean-basin strata of the Sonora allochthon and Lower Permian synorogenic strata of the Mina Mexico foredeep, central Sonora, Mexico: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 442, p. 121-131, https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.442(08).","startPage":"121","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215487,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2008.442(08)"},{"id":243295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"442","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f15e4b08c986b318cff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poole, F. 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E.","contributorId":9660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":14383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034485,"text":"70034485 - 2008 - Holocene vertical displacement on the central segments of the Wasatch fault zone, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034485","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene vertical displacement on the central segments of the Wasatch fault zone, Utah","docAbstract":"Compiled per-event vertical-displacement observations from 17 paleoseismic sites along the six central segments of the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) highlight possible biases and trends in displacement along the fault. The displacement data are consistent with a model of characteristic-type slip, but anomalous and variable displacements indicate that significant natural variability in displacement occurs. When combined into a composite distribution of displacement, 79% of the data fit within a displacement envelope that shows displacement decreasing in a half-ellipse shape from 1.4-3.5 m near the segment centers to 0.6-2.5 m near the ends. Additionally, displacements normalized by the distance from the segment centers to ends decrease from means of 2.0-3.0 m near the segment centers to 1.3-1.9 m near the ends, consistent with characteristic-type slip termination. Although several paleoseismic sites exhibit repeated, similar displacements, the data are sparse and both low-valued (0.5-0.8 m) and high-valued (4.2-4.7 m) outliers suggest complex strain release, possibly resulting from segment interaction and/or noncharacteristic events. Although a global, normal-fault-type surface-rupture-length (SRL) average-displacement regression underpredicts observed WFZ displacements, the largest displacements per segment correspond well with a SRL maximum-displacement regression. This correlation, as well as moderate variability in SRL- and displacement-based moment magnitude, suggests that the anomalous displacements represent the intrinsic variability in characteristic displacement per segment. Thus, minor variations to the characteristic slip model to account for exceptional upper- and lower-bound displacements, e.g., a hybrid characteristic-variable slip model, may be appropriate for the WFZ. Additional paleoseismic data are necessary to address data gaps and biases, to facilitate more robust tests of earthquake-slip models, and to reduce uncertainty in SRL, displacement, and magnitude.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080119","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"DuRoss, C., 2008, Holocene vertical displacement on the central segments of the Wasatch fault zone, Utah: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 6, p. 2918-2933, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080119.","startPage":"2918","endPage":"2933","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215913,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080119"},{"id":243749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31fce4b0c8380cd5e40a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DuRoss, C. 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H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010291,"text":"70010291 - 2008 - Exploration maturity key to ranking search areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T14:32:19","indexId":"70010291","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploration maturity key to ranking search areas","docAbstract":"The study area of US Geological Survey Circular 1288, the world outside the US and Canada, was partitioned into 44 countries and country groups. Map figures such as Fig. 2 and graphs similar to Figs. 3 and 4 provide a visual summary of maturity of oil and gas exploration. From 1992 through 2001, exploration data show that in the study area the delineated prospective area expanded at a rate of about 50,000 sq miles/year, while the explored area grew at a rate of 11,000 sq miles/year. The delineated prospective area established by 1970 accounts for less than 40% of total delineated prospective area but contains 75% of the oil discovered to date in the study area. From 1991 through 2000, offshore discoveries accounted for 59% of the oil and 77% of the gas discovered in the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., and Freeman, P., 2008, Exploration maturity key to ranking search areas: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 106, no. 11, HTML Document .","productDescription":"HTML Document ","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351770,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-106/issue-11/exploration-development/exploration-maturity-key-to-ranking-search-areas.html"},{"id":219138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e15e4b0c8380cd532c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":193092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":358534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":193093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":358533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}