{"pageNumber":"2213","pageRowStart":"55300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70031906,"text":"70031906 - 2008 - Terrace aggradation during the 1978 flood on Powder River, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70031906","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrace aggradation during the 1978 flood on Powder River, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"Flood processes no longer actively increase the planform area of terraces. Instead, lateral erosion decreases the area. However, infrequent extreme floods continue episodic aggradation of terraces surfaces. We quantify this type of evolution of terraces by an extreme flood in May 1978 on Powder River in southeastern Montana. Within an 89-km study reach of the river, we (1) determine a sediment budget for each geomorphic feature, (2) interpret the stratigraphy of the newly deposited sediment, and (3) discuss the essential role of vegetation in the depositional processes. Peak flood discharge was about 930??m3 s- 1, which lasted about eight??days. During this time, the flood transported 8.2??million tons of sediment into and 4.5??million tons out of the study reach. The masses of sediment transferred between features or eroded from one feature and redeposited on the same feature exceeded the mass transported out of the reach. The flood inundated the floodplain and some of the remnants of two terraces along the river. Lateral erosion decreased the planform area of the lower of the two terraces (~ 2.7??m above the riverbed) by 3.2% and that of the higher terrace (~ 3.5??m above the riverbed) by 4.1%. However, overbank aggradation, on average, raised the lower terrace by 0.16??m and the higher terrace by 0.063??m. Vegetation controlled the type, thickness, and stratigraphy of the aggradation on terrace surfaces. Two characteristic overbank deposits were common: coarsening-upward sequences and lee dunes. Grass caused the deposition of the coarsening-upward sequences, which had 0.02 to 0.07??m of mud at the base, and in some cases, the deposits coarsened upwards to coarse sand on the top. Lee dunes, composed of fine and very fine sand, were deposited in the wake zone downstream from the trees. The characteristic morphology of the dunes can be used to estimate some flood variables such as suspended-sediment particle size, minimum depth, and critical shear velocity. Information about depositional processes during extreme floods is rare, and therefore, the results from this study aid in interpreting the record of terrace stratigraphy along other rivers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.002","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Meade, R., 2008, Terrace aggradation during the 1978 flood on Powder River, Montana, USA: Geomorphology, v. 99, no. 1-4, p. 387-403, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.002.","startPage":"387","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.002"},{"id":242787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba54ee4b08c986b320969","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meade, R.H.","contributorId":27449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033137,"text":"70033137 - 2008 - Lesser snow geese and ross's geese form mixed flocks during winter but differ in family maintenance and social status","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033137","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lesser snow geese and ross's geese form mixed flocks during winter but differ in family maintenance and social status","docAbstract":"Smaller species are less likely to maintain families (or other forms of social groups) than larger species and are more likely to be displaced in competition with larger species. We observed mixed-species flocks of geese in southwest Louisiana and compared frequencies of social groups and success in social encounters of Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter Snow Geese) with that of the smaller, closely- related Ross's Geese (C. rossii). Less than 7% of adult and The Chesapeake Bay impact structure is a ca. 35.4 Ma crater located on the eastern seaboard of North America. Deposition returned to normal shortly after impact, resulting in a unique record of both impact-related and subsequent passive margin sedimentation. We use backstripping to show that the impact strongly affected sedimentation for 7 m.y. through impact-derived crustal-scale tectonics, dominated by the effects of sediment compaction and the introduction and subsequent removal of a negative thermal anomaly instead of the expected positive thermal anomaly. After this, the area was dominated by passive margin thermal subsidence overprinted by periods of regional-scale vertical tectonic events, on the order of tens of meters. Loading due to prograding sediment bodies may have generated these events. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G24408A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Hayden, T., Kominz, M., Powars, D.S., Edwards, L.E., Miller, K., Browning, J., and Kulpecz, A., 2008, Impact effects and regional tectonic insights: Backstripping the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Geology, v. 36, no. 4, p. 327-330, https://doi.org/10.1130/G24408A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -75.157470703125,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -75.157470703125,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 36.73888412439431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38aee4b0c8380cd61659","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayden, T.","contributorId":85468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayden","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kominz, M.","contributorId":80857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kominz","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, K.G.","contributorId":18094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Browning, J.V.","contributorId":18889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kulpecz, A.A.","contributorId":46672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulpecz","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031908,"text":"70031908 - 2008 - Soil nutrient-landscape relationships in a lowland tropical rainforest in Panama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70031908","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil nutrient-landscape relationships in a lowland tropical rainforest in Panama","docAbstract":"Soils play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles as spatially distributed sources and sinks of nutrients. Any spatial patterns depend on soil forming processes, our understanding of which is still limited, especially in regards to tropical rainforests. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of landscape properties, with an emphasis on the geometry of the land surface, on the spatial heterogeneity of soil chemical properties, and to test the suitability of soil-landscape modeling as an appropriate technique to predict the spatial variability of exchangeable K and Mg in a humid tropical forest in Panama. We used a design-based, stratified sampling scheme to collect soil samples at 108 sites on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Stratifying variables are lithology, vegetation and topography. Topographic variables were generated from high-resolution digital elevation models with a grid size of 5 m. We took samples from five depths down to 1 m, and analyzed for total and exchangeable K and Mg. We used simple explorative data analysis techniques to elucidate the importance of lithology for soil total and exchangeable K and Mg. Classification and Regression Trees (CART) were adopted to investigate importance of topography, lithology and vegetation for the spatial distribution of exchangeable K and Mg and with the intention to develop models that regionalize the point observations using digital terrain data as explanatory variables. Our results suggest that topography and vegetation do not control the spatial distribution of the selected soil chemical properties at a landscape scale and lithology is important to some degree. Exchangeable K is distributed equally across the study area indicating that other than landscape processes, e.g. biogeochemical processes, are responsible for its spatial distribution. Lithology contributes to the spatial variation of exchangeable Mg but controlling variables could not be detected. The spatial variation of soil total K and Mg is mainly influenced by lithology. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.089","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Barthold, F., Stallard, R., and Elsenbeer, H., 2008, Soil nutrient-landscape relationships in a lowland tropical rainforest in Panama: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 255, no. 3-4, p. 1135-1148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.089.","startPage":"1135","endPage":"1148","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215049,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.089"},{"id":242818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"255","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b920fe4b08c986b319c88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barthold, F.K.","contributorId":80917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barthold","given":"F.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stallard, R.F.","contributorId":30247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elsenbeer, H.","contributorId":72177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsenbeer","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033488,"text":"70033488 - 2008 - Diagenetic mineralization in Pennsylvanian coals from Indiana, USA: 13C/12C and 18O/16O implications for cleat origin and coalbed methane generation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033488","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenetic mineralization in Pennsylvanian coals from Indiana, USA: 13C/12C and 18O/16O implications for cleat origin and coalbed methane generation","docAbstract":"Cleats and fractures in southwestern Indiana coal seams are often filled with authigenic kaolinite and/or calcite. Carbon- and oxygen-stable isotope ratios of kaolinite, calcite, and coalbed CO2 were evaluated in combination with measured values and published estimates of ??18O of coalbed paleowaters that had been present at the time of mineralization. ??18Omineral and ??18Owater values jointly constrain the paleotemperature of mineralization. The isotopic evidence and the thermal and tectonic history of this part of the Illinois Basin led to the conclusion that maximum burial and heat-sterilization of coal seams approximately 272??Ma ago was followed by advective heat redistribution and concurrent precipitation of kaolinite in cleats at a burial depth of < 1600??m at ??? 78 ?? 5????C. Post-Paleozoic uplift, the development of a second generation of cleats, and subsequent precipitation of calcite occurred at shallower burial depth between ??? 500 to ??? 1300??m at a lower temperature of 43 ?? 6????C. The available paleowater in coalbeds was likely ocean water and/or tropical meteoric water with a ??18Owater ??? - 1.25??? versus VSMOW. Inoculation of coalbeds with methanogenic CO2-reducing microbes occurred at an even later time, because modern microbially influenced 13C-enriched coalbed CO2 (i.e., the isotopically fractionated residue of microbial CO2 reduction) is out of isotopic equilibrium with 13C-depleted calcite in cleats. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2007.06.002","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Solano-Acosta, W., Schimmelmann, A., Mastalerz, M., and Arango, I., 2008, Diagenetic mineralization in Pennsylvanian coals from Indiana, USA: 13C/12C and 18O/16O implications for cleat origin and coalbed methane generation: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 73, no. 3-4, p. 219-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2007.06.002.","startPage":"219","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214159,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2007.06.002"},{"id":241853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a009be4b0c8380cd4f801","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solano-Acosta, W.","contributorId":29212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solano-Acosta","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arango, I.","contributorId":10238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arango","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033337,"text":"70033337 - 2008 - Wide-area estimates of stand structure and water use of tamarix spp. on the lower colorado river: Implications for restoration and water management projects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033337","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wide-area estimates of stand structure and water use of tamarix spp. on the lower colorado river: Implications for restoration and water management projects","docAbstract":"Tamarix spp. removal has been proposed to salvage water and allow native vegetation to recolonize western U.S. riparian corridors. We conducted wide-area studies on the Lower Colorado River to answer some of the scientific questions about Tamarix water use and the consequences of removal, combining ground surveys with remote sensing methods. Tamarix stands had moderate rates of evapotranspiration (ET), based on remote sensing estimates, averaging 1.1 m/yr, similar to rates determined for other locations on the river and other rivers. Leaf area index values were also moderate, and stands were relatively open, with areas of bare soil interspersed within stands. At three Tamarix sites in the Cibola National Wildlife Refuge, groundwater salinity at the site nearest to the river (200 m) was relatively low (circa 2,250 mg/L) and was within 3 m of the surface. However, 750 and 1,500 m from the river, the groundwater salinity was 5,000-10,000 mg/L due to removal of water by the Tamarix stands. Despite the high groundwater salinity, the sites away from the river did not have saline surface soils. Only 1% of the mean annual river flow is lost to Tamarix ET on the Lower Colorado River in the United States, and the opportunities for water salvage through Tamarix removal are constrained by its modest ET rates. A possible alternative to Tamarix removal is to intersperse native plants among the stands to improve the habitat value of the riparian zone. ?? 2008 Society for Ecological Restoration International.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00356.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P., Glenn, E.P., Didan, K., Osterberg, J., Jordan, F., and Cunningham, J., 2008, Wide-area estimates of stand structure and water use of tamarix spp. on the lower colorado river: Implications for restoration and water management projects: Restoration Ecology, v. 16, no. 1, p. 136-145, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00356.x.","startPage":"136","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213319,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00356.x"},{"id":240932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0ade4b08c986b32efc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Didan, K.","contributorId":25356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Didan","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osterberg, J.","contributorId":92500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordan, F.","contributorId":80622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cunningham, J.","contributorId":68540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033487,"text":"70033487 - 2008 - Atlantic reef fish biogeography and evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033487","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic reef fish biogeography and evolution","docAbstract":"Aim: To understand why and when areas of endemism (provinces) of the tropical Atlantic Ocean were formed, how they relate to each other, and what processes have contributed to faunal enrichment. Location: Atlantic Ocean. Methods: The distributions of 2605 species of reef fishes were compiled for 25 areas of the Atlantic and southern Africa. Maximum-parsimony and distance analyses were employed to investigate biogeographical relationships among those areas. A collection of 26 phylogenies of various Atlantic reef fish taxa was used to assess patterns of origin and diversification relative to evolutionary scenarios based on spatio-temporal sequences of species splitting produced by geological and palaeoceanographic events. We present data on faunal (species and genera) richness, endemism patterns, diversity buildup (i.e. speciation processes), and evaluate the operation of the main biogeographical barriers and/or filters. Results: Phylogenetic (proportion of sister species) and distributional (number of shared species) patterns are generally concordant with recognized biogeographical provinces in the Atlantic. The highly uneven distribution of species in certain genera appears to be related to their origin, with highest species richness in areas with the greatest phylogenetic depth. Diversity buildup in Atlantic reef fishes involved (1) diversification within each province, (2) isolation as a result of biogeographical barriers, and (3) stochastic accretion by means of dispersal between provinces. The timing of divergence events is not concordant among taxonomic groups. The three soft (non-terrestrial) inter-regional barriers (mid-Atlantic, Amazon, and Benguela) clearly act as 'filters' by restricting dispersal but at the same time allowing occasional crossings that apparently lead to the establishment of new populations and species. Fluctuations in the effectiveness of the filters, combined with ecological differences among provinces, apparently provide a mechanism for much of the recent diversification of reef fishes in the Atlantic. Main conclusions: Our data set indicates that both historical events (e.g. Tethys closure) and relatively recent dispersal (with or without further speciation) have had a strong influence on Atlantic tropical marine biodiversity and have contributed to the biogeographical patterns we observe today; however, examples of the latter process outnumber those of the former. ?? 2007 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01790.x","issn":"03050270","usgsCitation":"Floeter, S., Rocha, L., Robertson, D., Joyeux, J., Smith-Vaniz, W., Wirtz, P., Edwards, A., Barreiros, J., Ferreira, C., Gasparini, J., Brito, A., Falcon, J., Bowen, B., and Bernardi, G., 2008, Atlantic reef fish biogeography and evolution: Journal of Biogeography, v. 35, no. 1, p. 22-47, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01790.x.","startPage":"22","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476733,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01790.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214126,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01790.x"},{"id":241819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eeabe4b0c8380cd49eba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Floeter, S.R.","contributorId":9878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Floeter","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rocha, L.A.","contributorId":52780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocha","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, D.R.","contributorId":20168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joyeux, J.C.","contributorId":20169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyeux","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith-Vaniz, W. F.","contributorId":20684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith-Vaniz","given":"W. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wirtz, P.","contributorId":60031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirtz","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Edwards, A.J.","contributorId":92065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barreiros, J.P.","contributorId":37549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barreiros","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ferreira, C.E.L.","contributorId":106327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"C.E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gasparini, J.L.","contributorId":46781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasparini","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Brito, A.","contributorId":51106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brito","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Falcon, J.M.","contributorId":29655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcon","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Bowen, B.W.","contributorId":20097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Bernardi, G.","contributorId":95704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernardi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70033486,"text":"70033486 - 2008 - Geographical and climatic limits of needle types of one- and two-needled pinyon pines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033486","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographical and climatic limits of needle types of one- and two-needled pinyon pines","docAbstract":"Aim: The geographical extent and climatic tolerances of one- and two-needled pinyon pines (Pinus subsect. Cembroides) are the focus of questions in taxonomy, palaeoclimatology and modelling of future distributions. The identification of these pines, traditionally classified by one- versus two-needled fascicles, is complicated by populations with both one- and two-needled fascicles on the same tree, and the description of two more recently described one-needled varieties: the fallax-type and californiarum-type. Because previous studies have suggested correlations between needle anatomy and climate, including anatomical plasticity reflecting annual precipitation, we approached this study at the level of the anatomy of individual pine needles rather than species. Location: Western North America. Methods: We synthesized available and new data from field and herbarium collections of needles to compile maps of their current distributions across western North America. Annual frequencies of needle types were compared with local precipitation histories for some stands. Historical North American climates were modelled on a c. 1-km grid using monthly temperature and precipitation values. A geospatial model (ClimLim), which analyses the effect of climate-modulated physiological and ecosystem processes, was used to rank the importance of seasonal climate variables in limiting the distributions of anatomical needle types. Results: The pinyon needles were classified into four distinct types based upon the number of needles per fascicle, needle thickness and the number of stomatal rows and resin canals. The individual needles fit well into four categories of needle types, whereas some trees exhibit a mixture of two needle types. Trees from central Arizona containing a mixture of Pinus edulis and fallax-type needles increased their percentage of fallax-type needles following dry years. All four needle types occupy broader geographical regions with distinctive precipitation regimes. Pinus monophylla and californiarum-type needles occur in regions with high winter precipitation. Pinus edulis and fallax-type needles are found in regions with high monsoon precipitation. Areas supporting californiarum-type and fallax-type needle distributions are additionally characterized by a more extreme May-June drought. Main conclusions: These pinyon needle types seem to reflect the amount and seasonality of precipitation. The single needle fascicle characterizing the fallax type may be an adaptation to early summer or periodic drought, while the single needle of Pinus monophylla may be an adaptation to summer-autumn drought. Although the needles fit into four distinct categories, the parent trees are sometimes less easily classified, especially near their ancestral Pleistocene ranges in the Mojave and northern Sonoran deserts. The abundance of trees with both one- and two-needled fascicles in the zones between P. monophylla, P. edulis and fallax-type populations suggest that needle fascicle number is an unreliable characteristic for species classification. Disregarding needle fascicle number, the fallax-type needles are nearly identical to P. edulis, supporting Little's (1968) initial classification of these trees as P. edulis var. fallax, while the californiarum-type needles have a distinctive morphology supporting Bailey's (1987) classification of this tree as Pinus californiarum.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01786.x","issn":"03050270","usgsCitation":"Cole, K., Fisher, J., Arundel, S., Cannella, J., and Swift, S., 2008, Geographical and climatic limits of needle types of one- and two-needled pinyon pines: Journal of Biogeography, v. 35, no. 2, p. 257-269, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01786.x.","startPage":"257","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476731,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01786.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214095,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01786.x"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1790e4b0c8380cd5554c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, K.L.","contributorId":87507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, J.","contributorId":37160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arundel, S.T.","contributorId":77351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannella, J.","contributorId":78563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannella","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swift, S.","contributorId":80912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032531,"text":"70032531 - 2008 - Attribution of declining Western U.S. Snowpack to human effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032531","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Attribution of declining Western U.S. Snowpack to human effects","docAbstract":"Observations show snowpack has declined across much of the western United States over the period 1950-99. This reduction has important social and economic implications, as water retained in the snowpack from winter storms forms an important part of the hydrological cycle and water supply in the region. A formal model-based detection and attribution (D-A) study of these reductions is performed. The detection variable is the ratio of 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) to water-year-to-date precipitation (P), chosen to reduce the effect of P variability on the results. Estimates of natural internal climate variability are obtained from 1600 years of two control simulations performed with fully coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models. Estimates of the SWE/P response to anthropogenic greenhouse gases, ozone, and some aerosols are taken from multiple-member ensembles of perturbation experiments run with two models. The D-A shows the observations and anthropogenically forced models have greater SWE/P reductions than can be explained by natural internal climate variability alone. Model-estimated effects of changes in solar and volcanic forcing likewise do not explain the SWE/P reductions. The mean model estimate is that about half of the SWE/P reductions observed in the west from 1950 to 1999 are the result of climate changes forced by anthropogenic greenhouse gases, ozone, and aerosols. ?? 2008 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/2008JCLI2405.1","issn":"08948","usgsCitation":"Pierce, D., Barnett, T., Hidalgo, H., Das, T., Bonfils, C., Santer, B., Bala, G., Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., Mirin, A., Wood, A., and Nozawa, T., 2008, Attribution of declining Western U.S. Snowpack to human effects: Journal of Climate, v. 21, no. 23, p. 6425-6444, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2405.1.","startPage":"6425","endPage":"6444","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476729,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=3812982","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213944,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2405.1"},{"id":241620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eed7e4b0c8380cd49fd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, D.W.","contributorId":23342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnett, T.P.","contributorId":54763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonfils, Celine","contributorId":51542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonfils","given":"Celine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Santer, B.D.","contributorId":95702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santer","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bala, G.","contributorId":86983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bala","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":436659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":436652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mirin, A.","contributorId":104294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirin","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wood, A.W.","contributorId":43542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Nozawa, T.","contributorId":83345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nozawa","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70031909,"text":"70031909 - 2008 - Middle UV to near-IR spectrum of electron-excited SO2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-06T14:55:13","indexId":"70031909","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle UV to near-IR spectrum of electron-excited SO2","docAbstract":"

We investigated the electron impact–induced fluorescence spectrum of SO2 to provide excitation cross sections for modeling Io's emission spectrum and analyzing Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem observations. The electron-excited middle-ultraviolet visible optical near-infrared (VOIR) emission spectrum of SO2 gas was generated in the laboratory and studied from 2000 to 11,000 Å at a resolution of Δλ ∼ 2.5 Å full width at half maximum (FWHM). The VOIR laboratory spectrum longward of 6000 Å consists entirely of S I, II and O I, II multiplets for electron impact energies above ∼15 eV. Between 2000 and 6000 Å, we find previously identified molecular bands from both SO and SO2. This work represents a significant improvement in spectral resolution over our earlier work done at 18 Å FWHM. From a measurement of the medium-resolution spectrum, we provide detailed 25- and 100-eV emission cross sections for spectral features from 2000 to 11,000 Å. On the basis of these data, we suggest future ground-based and satellite telescopic observations in the VOIR that are of promise for understanding Io's atmosphere.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007JE002921","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ajello, J., Aguilar, A., Mangina, R., James, G., Geissler, P., and Trafton, L., 2008, Middle UV to near-IR spectrum of electron-excited SO2: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 113, no. 3, E03002; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JE002921.","productDescription":"E03002; 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007je002921","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242318,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56e4e4b0c8380cd6d8ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ajello, J.M.","contributorId":89019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ajello","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aguilar, A.","contributorId":47985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aguilar","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mangina, R.S.","contributorId":85052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangina","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"James, G.K.","contributorId":90605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geissler, P.","contributorId":45662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Trafton, L.","contributorId":68608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trafton","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032528,"text":"70032528 - 2008 - Tracer gauge: An automated dye dilution gauging system for ice‐affected streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T17:09:01","indexId":"70032528","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracer gauge: An automated dye dilution gauging system for ice‐affected streams","docAbstract":"

In‐stream flow protection programs require accurate, real‐time streamflow data to aid in the protection of aquatic ecosystems during winter base flow periods. In cold regions, however, winter streamflow often can only be estimated because in‐channel ice causes variable backwater conditions and alters the stage‐discharge relation. In this study, an automated dye dilution gauging system, a tracer gauge, was developed for measuring discharge in ice‐affected streams. Rhodamine WT is injected into the stream at a constant rate, and downstream concentrations are measured with a submersible fluorometer. Data loggers control system operations, monitor key variables, and perform discharge calculations. Comparison of discharge from the tracer gauge and from a Cipoletti weir during periods of extensive ice cover indicated that the root‐mean‐square error of the tracer gauge was 0.029 m3 s−1, or 6.3% of average discharge for the study period. The tracer gauge system can provide much more accurate data than is currently available for streams that are strongly ice affected and, thus, could substantially improve management of in‐stream flow protection programs during winter in cold regions. Care must be taken, however, to test for the validity of key assumptions, including complete mixing and conservative behavior of dye, no changes in storage, and no gains or losses of water to or from the stream along the study reach. These assumptions may be tested by measuring flow‐weighted dye concentrations across the stream, performing dye mass balance analyses, and evaluating breakthrough curve behavior.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007090","usgsCitation":"Clow, D.W., and Fleming, A.C., 2008, Tracer gauge: An automated dye dilution gauging system for ice‐affected streams: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 12, Article W12441; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007090.","productDescription":"Article W12441; 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487709,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007090","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb686e4b08c986b326d03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, Andrea C.","contributorId":44630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031910,"text":"70031910 - 2008 - Use of an annular chamber for testing thermal preference of westslope cutthroat trout and rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031910","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of an annular chamber for testing thermal preference of westslope cutthroat trout and rainbow trout","docAbstract":"Remaining populations of westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) in western North America are primarily confined to cold headwaters whereas nonnative rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) predominate in warmer, lower elevation stream sections historically occupied by westslope cutthroat trout. We tested whether differing thermal preferences could account for the spatial segregation observed in the field. Thermal preferences of age-1 westslope cutthroat trout and rainbow trout (125 to 150 mm total length) were assessed in the laboratory using a modified annular preference chamber at acclimation temperatures of 10, 12, 14, and 16??C Final preferred temperature of westslope cutthroat trout (14.9??C) was similar to that of rainbow trout (14.8??C) when tested in a thermal gradient of 11-17??C The high degree of overlap in thermal preference indicates the two species have similar thermal niches and a high potential for competition. We suggest several modifications to the annular preference chamber to improve performance in future studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"McMahon, T., Bear, E., and Zale, A., 2008, Use of an annular chamber for testing thermal preference of westslope cutthroat trout and rainbow trout: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 23, no. 1, p. 55-63.","startPage":"55","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbeb5e4b08c986b329736","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, T.E.","contributorId":56463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"T.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bear, E.A.","contributorId":106721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bear","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zale, A.V.","contributorId":15793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"A.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033485,"text":"70033485 - 2008 - Sequence stratigraphic control on prolific HC reservoir development, Southwest Iran","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-18T13:42:29","indexId":"70033485","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequence stratigraphic control on prolific HC reservoir development, Southwest Iran","docAbstract":"An important carbonate formation in the Persian Gulf and the onshore oil fields of Southwest Iran is the Lowermost Cretaceous Fahliyan formation. The formation in Darkhowain field consists of unconformity-bounded depositional sequences containing prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs of contrasting origin. Located in the high stand systems tract (HST) of the lower sequence encompassing over 200m of oil column are the most prolific reservoir. Another reservoir is over 80m thick consisting of shallowing-upward cycles that are best developed within the transgressive systems tract of the upper sequence. Vertical facies distribution and their paleobathymetry and geophysical log signatures of the Fahliyan formation in the Darkhowain platform reveal the presence of two unconformity-bounded depositional sequences in Vail et al., Van Wagoner et al., and Sarg. The Fahliyan formation mainly consists of platform carbonates composed of restricted bioclastic lime mudstone to packstone of the platform interior, Lithocodium boundstone or ooid-intraclast-bioclast grainstone of the high energy platform margin and the bioclast packstone to lime mudstone related to the off-platform setting.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Lasemi, Y., and Kondroud, K., 2008, Sequence stratigraphic control on prolific HC reservoir development, Southwest Iran: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 106, no. 1, p. 34-38.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351769,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-106/issue-1/exploration-development/sequence-stratigraphic-control-on-prolific-hc-reservoir-development-southwest-iran.html"}],"country":"Iran","volume":"106","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d4be4b08c986b318324","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lasemi, Y.","contributorId":70109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasemi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kondroud, K.N.","contributorId":95283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kondroud","given":"K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033484,"text":"70033484 - 2008 - Abundance and modes of occurrence of mercury in some low-sulfur coals from China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70033484","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance and modes of occurrence of mercury in some low-sulfur coals from China","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) is one of the hazardous trace elements in coal. Mercury in coal is almost totally emitted into the atmosphere during coal combustion. Especially for utilities burning low-sulfur coals that do not require scrubbers, Hg reduction will be neglected. Hg abundances of 52 low-sulfur coal samples from different coalfields in six provinces of China were determined by a flow injection mercury system (FIMS). The results show that Hg abundances in selected low-sulfur coals range from 0.03??ppm to 0.79??ppm, with an arithmetic mean of 0.24??ppm, which is higher than that of average Chinese coals (0.19??ppm). Correlation analysis and sequential extraction procedures are performed to study possible modes of occurrence of Hg in low-sulfur coals. Modes of occurrence of Hg are variable in low-sulfur coals, and the sulfide-bound and organic-bound Hg may be the dominant forms. In addition, the silicate-bound Hg may be the main form in some of these coals because of magmatic intrusion. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2007.05.002","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Zheng, L., Liu, G., and Chou, C.L., 2008, Abundance and modes of occurrence of mercury in some low-sulfur coals from China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 73, no. 1, p. 19-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2007.05.002.","startPage":"19","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214578,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2007.05.002"},{"id":242313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e65be4b0c8380cd47372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zheng, Lingyun","contributorId":68495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Lingyun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031911,"text":"70031911 - 2008 - Efficient implementation of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, with application to the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031911","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Efficient implementation of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, with application to the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model","docAbstract":"Judicious choice of candidate generating distributions improves efficiency of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. In Bayesian applications, it is sometimes possible to identify an approximation to the target posterior distribution; this approximate posterior distribution is a good choice for candidate generation. These observations are applied to analysis of the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model and its extensions. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10651-007-0037-9","issn":"13528505","usgsCitation":"Link, W., and Barker, R.J., 2008, Efficient implementation of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, with application to the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model, in Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 15, no. 1, p. 79-87, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10651-007-0037-9.","startPage":"79","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214582,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10651-007-0037-9"},{"id":242320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0867e4b0c8380cd51ae4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barker, R. J.","contributorId":34222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031912,"text":"70031912 - 2008 - Multidecadal climate-induced variability in microseisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-29T01:01:47","indexId":"70031912","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multidecadal climate-induced variability in microseisms","docAbstract":"Microseisms are the most ubiquitous continuous seismic signals on Earth at periods between approximately 5 and 25 s (Peterson 1993; Kedar and Webb 2005). They arise from atmospheric energy converted to (primarily) Rayleigh waves via the intermediary of wind-driven oceanic swell and occupy a period band that is uninfluenced by common anthropogenic and wind-coupled noise processes on land (Wilson et al. 2002; de la Torre et al. 2005). \"Primary\" microseisms (near 8-s period) are generated in shallow water by breaking waves near the shore and/or the nonlinear interaction of the ocean wave pressure signal with the sloping sea floor (Hasselmann 1963). Secondary microseisms occur at half of the primary period and are especially strongly radiated in source regions where opposing wave components interfere (Longuett-Higgins 1950; Tanimoto 2007), which principally occurs due to the interaction of incident swell and reflected/scattered wave energy from coasts (Bromirski and Duennebier 2002; Bromirski, Duennebier, and Stephen 2005). Coastal regions having a narrow shelf with irregular and rocky coastlines are known to be especially efficient at radiating secondary microseisms (Bromirski, Duennebier, and Stephen 2005; Shulte-Pelkum et al. 2004). The secondary microseism is globally dominant, and its amplitudes proportional to the square of the standing wave height (Longuett-Higgins 1950), which amplifies its sensitivity to large swell events (Astiz and Creager 1994; Webb 2006).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.79.2.194","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Aster, R., McNamara, D., and Bromirski, P., 2008, Multidecadal climate-induced variability in microseisms: Seismological Research Letters, v. 79, no. 2, p. 194-202, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.79.2.194.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214583,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.79.2.194"},{"id":242321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6020e4b0c8380cd712ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aster, R.C.","contributorId":26894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aster","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNamara, D.E. 0000-0001-6860-0350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":52286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bromirski, P.D.","contributorId":82521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromirski","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033179,"text":"70033179 - 2008 - Sediment dispersal in the northwestern Adriatic Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:29:12","indexId":"70033179","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment dispersal in the northwestern Adriatic Sea","docAbstract":"Sediment dispersal in the Adriatic Sea was evaluated using coupled three-dimensional circulation and sediment transport models, representing conditions from autumn 2002 through spring 2003. The calculations accounted for fluvial sources, resuspension by waves and currents, and suspended transport. Sediment fluxes peaked during southwestward Bora wind conditions that produced energetic waves and strengthened the Western Adriatic Coastal Current. Transport along the western Adriatic continental shelf was nearly always to the south, except during brief periods when northward Sirocco winds reduced the coastal current. Much of the modeled fluvial sediment deposition was near river mouths, such as the Po subaqueous delta. Nearly all Po sediment remained in the northern Adriatic. Material from rivers that drain the Apennine Mountains traveled farther before deposition than Po sediment, because it was modeled with a lower settling velocity. Fluvial sediment delivered to areas with high average bed shear stress was more highly dispersed than material delivered to more quiescent areas. Modeled depositional patterns were similar to observed patterns that have developed over longer timescales. Specifically, modeled Po sediment accumulation was thickest near the river mouth with a very thin deposit extending to the northeast, consistent with patterns of modern sediment texture in the northern Adriatic. Sediment resuspended from the bed and delivered by Apennine Rivers was preferentially deposited on the northern side of the Gargano Peninsula, in the location of thick Holocene accumulation. Deposition here was highest during Bora winds when convergences in current velocities and off-shelf flux enhanced delivery of material to the midshelf. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006JC003868","issn":"01480","usgsCitation":"Harris, C.K., Sherwood, C.R., Signell, R.P., Bever, A., and Warner, J., 2008, Sediment dispersal in the northwestern Adriatic Sea: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 113, no. 11, C11S03; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003868.","productDescription":"C11S03; 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476654,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jc003868","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Adriatic Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 18.47900390625,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n 19.40185546875,\n 40.413496049701955\n ],\n [\n 19.44580078125,\n 41.19518982948959\n ],\n [\n 19.62158203125,\n 41.82045509614034\n ],\n [\n 18.17138671875,\n 42.5530802889558\n ],\n [\n 16.89697265625,\n 43.1811470593997\n ],\n [\n 15.1171875,\n 43.78695837311561\n ],\n [\n 14.52392578125,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n 13.7548828125,\n 45.058001435398296\n ],\n [\n 13.5791015625,\n 45.47554027158593\n ],\n [\n 13.2275390625,\n 45.78284835197676\n ],\n [\n 12.32666015625,\n 45.537136680398596\n ],\n [\n 12.0849609375,\n 45.259422036351694\n ],\n [\n 12.568359375,\n 44.94924926661151\n ],\n [\n 12.28271484375,\n 44.574817404670306\n ],\n [\n 12.37060546875,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n 13.5791015625,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n 14.150390625,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n 15.18310546875,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n 16.2158203125,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n 16.2158203125,\n 41.72213058512578\n ],\n [\n 15.908203125,\n 41.49212083968776\n ],\n [\n 17.55615234375,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n 18.30322265625,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n 18.47900390625,\n 39.85915479295669\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8984e4b08c986b316e03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, C. K.","contributorId":80337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bever, A.J.","contributorId":48766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bever","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warner, J.C.","contributorId":46644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031913,"text":"70031913 - 2008 - More than 400 million years of evolution and some plants still can't make it on their own: Plant stress tolerance via fungal symbiosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031913","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"More than 400 million years of evolution and some plants still can't make it on their own: Plant stress tolerance via fungal symbiosis","docAbstract":"All plants in natural ecosystems are thought to be symbiotic with mycorrhizal and/or endophytic fungi. Collectively, these fungi express different symbiotic lifestyles ranging from parasitism to mutualism. Analysis of Colletotrichum species indicates that individual isolates can express either parasitic or mutualistic lifestyles depending on the host genotype colonized. The endophyte colonization pattern and lifestyle expression indicate that plants can be discerned as either disease, non-disease, or non-hosts. Fitness benefits conferred by fungi expressing mutualistic lifestyles include biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, growth enhancement, and increased reproductive success. Analysis of plant-endophyte associations in high stress habitats revealed that at least some fungal endophytes confer habitat-specific stress tolerance to host plants. Without the habitat-adapted fungal endophytes, the plants are unable to survive in their native habitats. Moreover, the endophytes have a broad host range encompassing both monocots and eudicots, and confer habitat-specific stress tolerance to both plant groups. ?? The Author [2008]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Botany","language":"English","doi":"10.1093/jxb/erm342","issn":"00220957","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, R., and Redman, R., 2008, More than 400 million years of evolution and some plants still can't make it on their own: Plant stress tolerance via fungal symbiosis, in Journal of Experimental Botany, v. 59, no. 5, p. 1109-1114, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erm342.","startPage":"1109","endPage":"1114","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476708,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erm342","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214612,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erm342"},{"id":242352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e2be4b0c8380cd7083b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, R.","contributorId":83644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redman, R.","contributorId":12602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031915,"text":"70031915 - 2008 - Late-stage sulfides and sulfarsenides in Lower Cambrian black shale (stone coal) from the Huangjiawan mine, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031915","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2751,"text":"Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late-stage sulfides and sulfarsenides in Lower Cambrian black shale (stone coal) from the Huangjiawan mine, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China","docAbstract":"The Ni-Mo Huangjiawan mine, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China, occurs in Lower Cambrian black shale (stone coal) in an area where other mines have recently extracted ore from the same horizon. Detailed electron microprobe (EMPA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of representative thin sections have revealed a complex assemblage of sulfides and sulfarsenides. Early sulfidic and phosphatic nodules and host matrix have been lithified, somewhat fractured, and then mineralized with later-stage sulfides and sulfarsenides. Gersdorffite, millerite, polydymite, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, and clausthalite have been recognized. EMPA data are given for the major phases. Pyrite trace-element distributions and coeval Ni-, As-sulfides indicate that in the main ore layer, the last sulfide deposition was Ni-As-Co-rich. Mo and V deposition were early in the petrogenesis of these rocks. The assemblages gersdorffite-millerite-polydymite (pyrite) and millerite-gersdorffite (pyrite) and the composition of gersdorffite indicate a formation temperature of between 200?? and 300??C suggesting that the last solutions to infiltrate and mineralize the samples were related to hydrothermal processes. Environmentally sensitive elements such as As, Cd, and Se are hosted by sulfides and sulfarsenides and are the main source of these elements to residual soil. Crops grown on them are enriched in these elements, and they may be hazardous for animal and human consumption. ?? Springer-Verlag 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00710-007-0201-9","issn":"09300708","usgsCitation":"Belkin, H., and Luo, K., 2008, Late-stage sulfides and sulfarsenides in Lower Cambrian black shale (stone coal) from the Huangjiawan mine, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China: Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 92, no. 3-4, p. 321-340, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-007-0201-9.","startPage":"321","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-007-0201-9"},{"id":242385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a456ce4b0c8380cd672e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luo, K.","contributorId":9057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031916,"text":"70031916 - 2008 - Creation of a continent recorded in zircon zoning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031916","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Creation of a continent recorded in zircon zoning","docAbstract":"We have discovered a robust microcrystalline record of the early genesis of North American lithosphere preserved in the U-Pb age and oxygen isotope zoning of zircons from a lower crustal paragneiss in the Neoarchean Superior province. Detrital igneous zircon cores with ??18O values of 5.1???-7.1??? record creation of primitive to increasingly evolved crust from 2.85 ?? 0.02 Ga to 2.67 ?? 0.02 Ga. Sharp chemical unconformity between cores and higher ??18O (8.4???-10.4???) metamorphic overgrowths as old as 2.66 ?? 0.01 Ga dictates a rapid sequence of arc unroofing, burial of detrital zircons in hydrosphere-altered sediment, and transport to lower crust late in upper plate assembly. The period to 2.58 ?? 0.01 Ga included ???80 m.y. of high-temperature (???700-650 ??C), nearly continuous overgrowth events reflecting stages in maturation of the subjacent mantle root. Huronian continental rifting is recorded by the youngest zircon tip growth at 2512 ?? 8 Ma (??? 600 ??C) signaling magma intraplating and the onset of rigid plate behavior. This >150 m.y. microscopic isotope record in single crystals demonstrates the sluggish volume diffusion of U, Pb, and O in zircon throughout protracted regional metamorphism, and the consequent advances now possible in reconstructing planetary dynamics with zircon zoning. ?? 2008 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G24416A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Moser, D., Bowman, J.R., Wooden, J., Valley, J., Mazdab, F., and Kita, N., 2008, Creation of a continent recorded in zircon zoning: Geology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 239-242, https://doi.org/10.1130/G24416A.1.","startPage":"239","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214643,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G24416A.1"},{"id":242386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc9fe4b0c8380cd4e34f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moser, D.E.","contributorId":101897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowman, J. R.","contributorId":29496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J.","contributorId":21736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valley, J.W.","contributorId":28741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valley","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mazdab, F.","contributorId":60453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazdab","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kita, N.","contributorId":98960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kita","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033483,"text":"70033483 - 2008 - Relationship of obligate grassland birds to landscape structure in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70033483","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of obligate grassland birds to landscape structure in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Conservation plans for grassland birds have included recommendations at the landscape level, but species' responses to landscape structure are variable. We studied the relationships between grassland bird abundances and landscape structure in 800-ha landscapes in Wisconsin, USA, using roadside surveys. Of 9 species considered, abundances of only 4 species differed among landscapes with varying amounts of grassland and forest. Landscape variables explained <20% of variation in abundances for 4 of the 5 rarest species in our study. Our results suggest landscape-based management plans for grassland birds might not benefit the rarest species and, thus, plans should incorporate species-specific habitat preferences for these species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-556","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Murray, L., Ribic, C., and Thogmartin, W., 2008, Relationship of obligate grassland birds to landscape structure in Wisconsin: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 2, p. 463-467, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-556.","startPage":"463","endPage":"467","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-556"},{"id":242312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a773e4b0e8fec6cdc483","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, L.D.","contributorId":70976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, C. A. 0000-0003-2583-1778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":6026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thogmartin, W.E. 0000-0002-2384-4279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":26392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"W.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033338,"text":"70033338 - 2008 - Sediment storage and severity of contamination in a shallow reservoir affected by historical lead and zinc mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033338","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment storage and severity of contamination in a shallow reservoir affected by historical lead and zinc mining","docAbstract":"A combination of sediment-thickness measurement and bottom-sediment coring was used to investigate sediment storage and severity of contamination in Empire Lake (Kansas), a shallow reservoir affected by historical Pb and Zn mining. Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the contaminated bottom sediment typically exceeded baseline concentrations by at least an order of magnitude. Moreover, the concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn typically far exceeded probable-effects guidelines, which represent the concentrations above which toxic biological effects usually or frequently occur. Despite a pre-1954 decrease in sediment concentrations likely related to the end of major mining activity upstream by about 1920, concentrations have remained relatively stable and persistently greater than the probable-effects guidelines for at least the last 50 years. Cesium-137 evidence from sediment cores indicated that most of the bottom sediment in the reservoir was deposited prior to 1954. Thus, the ability of the reservoir to store the contaminated sediment has declined over time. Because of the limited storage capacity, Empire Lake likely is a net source of contaminated sediment during high-inflow periods. The contaminated sediment that passes through, or originates from, Empire Lake will be deposited in downstream environments likely as far as Grand Lake O' the Cherokees (Oklahoma). ?? 2007 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-007-0926-0","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 2008, Sediment storage and severity of contamination in a shallow reservoir affected by historical lead and zinc mining: Environmental Geology, v. 54, no. 7, p. 1447-1463, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0926-0.","startPage":"1447","endPage":"1463","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213347,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0926-0"},{"id":240963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b89bfe4b08c986b316e88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, K. E. 0000-0002-2102-8980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":44570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033341,"text":"70033341 - 2008 - Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:11:26","indexId":"70033341","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"

Chromium(VI) concentrations in excess of the California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 50 μg/L occur naturally in alkaline, oxic ground-water in alluvial aquifers in the western Mojave Desert, southern California. The highest concentrations were measured in aquifers eroded from mafic rock, but Cr(VI) as high as 27 μg/L was measured in aquifers eroded from granitic rock. Chromium(VI) concentrations did not exceed 5 μg/L at pH < 7.5 regardless of geology. δ53Cr values in native ground-water ranged from 0.7 to 5.1‰ and values were fractionated relative to the average δ53Cr composition of 0‰ in the earth’s crust. Positive δ53Cr values of 1.2 and 2.3‰ were measured in ground-water recharge areas having low Cr concentrations, consistent with the addition of Cr(VI) that was fractionated on mineral surfaces prior to entering solution. δ53Cr values, although variable, did not consistently increase or decrease with increasing Cr concentrations as ground-water flowed down gradient through more oxic portions of the aquifer. However, increasing δ53Cr values were observed as dissolved O2 concentrations decreased, and Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), and subsequently removed from solution. As a result, the highest δ53Cr values were measured in water from deep wells, and wells in discharge areas near dry lakes at the downgradient end of long flow paths through alluvial aquifers. δ53Cr values at an industrial site overlying mafic alluvium having high natural background Cr(VI) concentrations ranged from −0.1 to 3.2‰. Near zero δ53Cr values at the site were the result of anthropogenic Cr. However, mixing with native ground-water and fractionation of Cr within the plume increased δ53Cr values at the site. Although δ53Cr was not necessarily diagnostic of anthropogenic Cr, it was possible to identify the extent of anthropogenic Cr at the site on the basis of the δ53Cr values in conjunction with major-ion data, and the δ18O and δD composition of water from wells.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Ball, J., Bullen, T., and Sutley, S.J., 2008, Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 5, p. 1325-1352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1325","endPage":"1352","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5e7e4b0c8380cd4c4a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033268,"text":"70033268 - 2008 - Habitat, topographical, and geographical components structuring shrubsteppe bird communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T13:46:14","indexId":"70033268","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat, topographical, and geographical components structuring shrubsteppe bird communities","docAbstract":"Landscapes available to birds to select for breeding locations are arrayed along multiple dimensions. Identifying the primary gradients structuring shrubsteppe bird communities in the western United States is important because widespread habitat loss and alteration are shifting the environmental template on which these birds depend. We integrated field habitat surveys, GIS coverages, and bird counts from 61 Breeding Bird Survey routes located in shrubsteppe habitats across a >800 000 km2 region to determine the gradients of habitat, topography, and geography underlying bird communities. A small set of habitat features dominated the primary environmental gradients in a canonical ordination; the 13 species in the shrubsteppe bird community were closely packed along the first two axes. Using hierarchical variance partitioning, we identified habitat as the most important pure (31% explained variation) or shared component. Topography (9%) and geography (4%) were minor components but each shared a larger contribution with habitat (habitat-topography 21%; habitat-geography 22%) in explaining the organization of the bird community. In a second tier partition of habitat structure, pure composition (% land cover) was more important (45%) than configuration (patch size and edge) (7%); the two components shared 27% of the explained variation in the bird community axes. Local (9%), community (14%), and landscape (10%) levels contributed equally. Adjacent organizational levels had a larger shared contribution (local-community 26%; community-landscape 27%) than more separated local-landscape levels (21%). Extensive conversion of shrubsteppe habitats to agriculture, exotic annual grasslands, or pinyon (Pinus spp.)-juniper (Juniperus spp.) woodlands is occurring along the primary axes of habitat structure. Because the shrubsteppe bird community was organized along short gradients dominated by habitat features, relatively small shifts in their available environment will exert a strong influence on these bird populations in the absence of buffering by alternative gradients. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05391.x","issn":"09067590","usgsCitation":"Knick, S., Rotenberry, J., and Leu, M., 2008, Habitat, topographical, and geographical components structuring shrubsteppe bird communities: Ecography, v. 31, no. 3, p. 389-400, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05391.x.","startPage":"389","endPage":"400","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213344,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05391.x"},{"id":240960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f4be4b0c8380cd5cc6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knick, S.T.","contributorId":71290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rotenberry, J.T.","contributorId":57015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotenberry","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leu, M.","contributorId":90942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leu","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031918,"text":"70031918 - 2008 - Broadband seismic measurements of degassing activity associated with lava effusion at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-05T12:07:15","indexId":"70031918","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broadband seismic measurements of degassing activity associated with lava effusion at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico","docAbstract":"

From November 1999 through July 2000, a broadband seismic experiment was carried out at Popocatépetl Volcano to record seismic activity over a wide period range (0.04–100 s). We present an overview of the seismicity recorded during this experiment and discuss results of analyses of long-period (LP) and very-long-period (VLP) seismic signals recorded at stations nearest to the crater over a four-month interval December 1999–March 2000. Three families of LP signals (Types-I, II, and III) are identified based on distinctive waveform features observed periods shorter than 1 s, periods longer than 15 s, and within the period range 0.5–2.5 s. Type-I LP events have impulsive first arrivals and exhibit a characteristic harmonic wave train with dominant periods in the 1.4–1.9 s range during the first 10 s of signal. These events are also associated with a remarkable VLP wavelet with period near 30 s. Type-II LP events represent pairs of events occurring in rapid succession and whose signatures are superimposed. These are typically marked by slowly emergent first arrivals and by a characteristic VLP wave train with dominant period near 30 s, made of two successive wavelets whose shapes are quasi-identical to those of the VLP wavelets associated with Type-I events. Type-III LP events represent the most energetic signals observed during our experiment. These have an emergent first arrival and display a harmonic signature with dominant period near 1.1 s. They are dominated by periods in the 0.25–0.35 s band and contain no significant energy at periods longer than 15 s. Hypocentral locations of the three types of LP events obtained from phase picks point to shallow seismic sources clustered at depths shallower than 2 km below the crater floor. Observed variations in volcanic eruptive activity correlate with defined LP families. Most of the observed seismicity consists of Type-I events that occur in association with 1–3-min-long degassing bursts (“exhalations”). Eruptive activity increased in intensity in February, coinciding with an increasing occurrence of Type-II LP events. Type-III events were first observed at the end of February and during March, in coincidence with the formation of a new lava dome. Vulcanian eruptions occurred in April and May. These events typically exhibit broadband signatures extending over the full period range of the sensors and lasting 30–80 min.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.007","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Arciniega-Ceballos, A., Chouet, B.A., Dawson, P., and Asch, G., 2008, Broadband seismic measurements of degassing activity associated with lava effusion at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 170, no. 1-2, p. 12-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.007.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.007"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Popocatepetl Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.68675231933594,\n 18.977727312447804\n ],\n [\n -98.68675231933594,\n 19.073799352002716\n ],\n [\n -98.55422973632812,\n 19.073799352002716\n ],\n [\n -98.55422973632812,\n 18.977727312447804\n ],\n [\n -98.68675231933594,\n 18.977727312447804\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"170","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f287e4b0c8380cd4b21b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arciniega-Ceballos, Alejandra","contributorId":57740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arciniega-Ceballos","given":"Alejandra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Phillip","contributorId":95405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asch, Guenter","contributorId":25374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"Guenter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}