This paper is an introduction to the following series of papers that report on in-depth investigations that have been conducted at five agricultural study areas across the United States in order to gain insights into how environmental processes and agricultural practices interact to determine the transport and fate of agricultural chemicals in the environment. These are the first study areas in an ongoing national study. The study areas were selected, based on the combination of cropping patterns and hydrologic setting, as representative of nationally important agricultural settings to form a basis for extrapolation to unstudied areas. The holistic, watershed-scale study design that involves multiple environmental compartments and that employs both field observations and simulation modeling is presented. This paper introduces the overall study design and presents an overview of the hydrology of the five study areas. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0226","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Capel, P., McCarthy, K.A., and Barbash, J., 2008, National, holistic, watershed-scale approach to understand the sources, transport, and fate of agricultural chemicals: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 983-993, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0226.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"983","endPage":"993","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214754,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0226"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6295e4b0c8380cd71fcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCarthy, K. A.","contributorId":107309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barbash, J.E.","contributorId":62783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032154,"text":"70032154 - 2008 - Stand structure and dynamics of sand pine differ between the Florida panhandle and peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032154","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stand structure and dynamics of sand pine differ between the Florida panhandle and peninsula","docAbstract":"Size and age structures of stand populations of numerous tree species exhibit uneven or reverse J-distributions that can persist after non-catastrophic disturbance, especially windstorms. Among disjunct populations of conspecific trees, alternative distributions are also possible and may be attributed to more localized variation in disturbance. Regional differences in structure and demography among disjunct populations of sand pine (Pinus clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Vasey ex Sarg.) in the Florida panhandle and peninsula may result from variation in hurricane regimes associated with each of these populations. We measured size, age, and growth rates of trees from panhandle and peninsula populations and then compiled size and age class distributions. We also characterized hurricanes in both regions over the past century. Size and age structures of panhandle populations were unevenly distributed and exhibited continuous recruitment; peninsula populations were evenly sized and aged and exhibited only periodic recruitment. Since hurricane regimes were similar between regions, historical fire regimes may have been responsible for regional differences in structure of sand pine populations. We hypothesize that fires were locally nonexistent in coastal panhandle populations, while periodic high intensity fires occurred in peninsula populations over the past century. Such differences in local fire regimes could have resulted in the absence of hurricane effects in the peninsula. Increased intensity of hurricanes in the panhandle and current fire suppression patterns in the peninsula may shift characteristics of sand pine stands in both regions. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11258-007-9333-6","issn":"13850237","usgsCitation":"Drewa, P., Platt, W., Kwit, C., and Doyle, T., 2008, Stand structure and dynamics of sand pine differ between the Florida panhandle and peninsula: Plant Ecology, v. 196, no. 1, p. 15-25, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-007-9333-6.","startPage":"15","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214724,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-007-9333-6"},{"id":242474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"196","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96a5e4b08c986b31b61e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drewa, P.B.","contributorId":42800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drewa","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Platt, W.J.","contributorId":92069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwit, C.","contributorId":88574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwit","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032148,"text":"70032148 - 2008 - Influence of dams on river-floodplain dynamics in the Elwha River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-30T12:55:07.439585","indexId":"70032148","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of dams on river-floodplain dynamics in the Elwha River, Washington","docAbstract":"The Elwha dam removal project presents an ideal opportunity to study how historic reduction and subsequent restoration of sediment supply alter river-floodplain dynamics in a large, forested river floodplain. We used remote sensing and onsite data collection to establish a historical record of floodplain dynamics and a baseline of current conditions. Analysis was based on four river reaches, three from the Elwha River and the fourth from the East Fork of the Quinault River. We found that the percentage of floodplain surfaces between 25 and 75 years old decreased and the percentage of surfaces >75 years increased in reaches below the Elwha dams. We also found that particle size decreased as downstream distance from dams increased. This trend was evident in both mainstem and side channels. Previous studies have found that removal of the two Elwha dams will initially release fine sediment stored in the reservoirs, then in subsequent decades gravel bed load supply will increase and gradually return to natural levels, aggrading river beds up to 1 m in some areas. We predict the release of fine sediments will initially create bi-modal grain size distributions in reaches downstream of the dams, and eventual recovery of natural sediment supply will significantly increase lateral channel migration and erosion of floodplain surfaces, gradually shifting floodplain age distributions towards younger age classes.","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.224","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Kloehn, K., Beechie, T., Morley, S., Coe, H., and Duda, J., 2008, Influence of dams on river-floodplain dynamics in the Elwha River, Washington: Northwest Science, v. 82, no. Sp. 1, p. 224-235, https://doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.224.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"235","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476657,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3955/0029-344x-82.s.i.224","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.5738754272461,\n 48.12072590863865\n ],\n [\n -123.52787017822266,\n 48.12072590863865\n ],\n [\n -123.52787017822266,\n 48.150053808916105\n ],\n [\n -123.5738754272461,\n 48.150053808916105\n ],\n [\n -123.5738754272461,\n 48.12072590863865\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"Sp. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b1fe4b0c8380cd62254","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kloehn, K.K.","contributorId":84995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloehn","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beechie, T.J.","contributorId":89724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beechie","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morley, S.A.","contributorId":49619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morley","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coe, H.J.","contributorId":59644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duda, J.J. 0000-0001-7431-8634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":105073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032146,"text":"70032146 - 2008 - An adaptive two-stage sequential design for sampling rare and clustered populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032146","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3103,"text":"Population Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An adaptive two-stage sequential design for sampling rare and clustered populations","docAbstract":"How to design an efficient large-area survey continues to be an interesting question for ecologists. In sampling large areas, as is common in environmental studies, adaptive sampling can be efficient because it ensures survey effort is targeted to subareas of high interest. In two-stage sampling, higher density primary sample units are usually of more interest than lower density primary units when populations are rare and clustered. Two-stage sequential sampling has been suggested as a method for allocating second stage sample effort among primary units. Here, we suggest a modification: adaptive two-stage sequential sampling. In this method, the adaptive part of the allocation process means the design is more flexible in how much extra effort can be directed to higher-abundance primary units. We discuss how best to design an adaptive two-stage sequential sample. ?? 2008 The Society of Population Ecology and Springer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Population Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10144-008-0089-1","issn":"14383896","usgsCitation":"Brown, J., Salehi, M., Moradi, M., Bell, G., and Smith, D., 2008, An adaptive two-stage sequential design for sampling rare and clustered populations: Population Ecology, v. 50, no. 3, p. 239-245, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-008-0089-1.","startPage":"239","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476759,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-008-0089-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214595,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10144-008-0089-1"},{"id":242335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9e2e4b0c8380cd484eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, J.A.","contributorId":43079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salehi, M.M.","contributorId":14210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salehi","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moradi, M.","contributorId":69376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moradi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, G.","contributorId":21777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032141,"text":"70032141 - 2008 - Validation of the ASTER instrument level 1A scene geometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032141","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of the ASTER instrument level 1A scene geometry","docAbstract":"An independent assessment of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument geometry was undertaken by the U.S. ASTER Team, to confirm the geometric correction parameters developed and applied to Level 1A (radiometrically and geometrically raw with correction parameters appended) ASTER data. The goal was to evaluate the geometric quality of the ASTER system and the stability of the Terra spacecraft. ASTER is a 15-band system containing optical instruments with resolutions from 15- to 90-meters; all geometrically registered products are ultimately tied to the 15-meter Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR) sub-system. Our evaluation process first involved establishing a large database of Ground Control Points (GCP) in the mid-western United States; an area with features of an appropriate size for spacecraft instrument resolutions. We used standard U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Digital Orthophoto Quads (DOQS) of areas in the mid-west to locate accurate GCPs by systematically identifying road intersections and recording their coordinates. Elevations for these points were derived from USGS Digital Elevation Models (DEMS). Road intersections in a swath of nine contiguous ASTER scenes were then matched to the GCPs, including terrain correction. We found no significant distortion in the images; after a simple image offset to absolute position, the RMS residual of about 200 points per scene was less than one-half a VNIR pixel. Absolute locations were within 80 meters, with a slow drift of about 10 meters over the entire 530-kilometer swath. Using strictly simultaneous observations of scenes 370 kilometers apart, we determined a stereo angle correction of 0.00134 degree with an accuracy of one microradian. The mid-west GCP field and the techniques used here should be widely applicable in assessing other spacecraft instruments having resolutions from 5 to 50-meters. ?? 2008 American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H.H., Mullins, K.F., and MacKinnon, D.J., 2008, Validation of the ASTER instrument level 1A scene geometry: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 74, no. 3, p. 289-301.","startPage":"289","endPage":"301","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc103e4b08c986b32a40a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullins, K. F.","contributorId":104702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKinnon, D. J.","contributorId":79145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKinnon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032132,"text":"70032132 - 2008 - Sources of debris flow material in burned areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032132","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of debris flow material in burned areas","docAbstract":"The vulnerability of recently burned areas to debris flows has been well established. Likewise, it has been shown that many, if not most, post-fire debris flows are initiated by runoff and erosion and grow in size through erosion and scour by the moving debris flow, as opposed to landslide-initiated flows with little growth. To better understand the development and character of these flows, a study has been completed encompassing 46 debris flows in California, Utah, and Colorado, in nine different recently burned areas. For each debris flow, progressive debris production was measured at intervals along the length of the channel, and from these measurements graphs were developed showing cumulative volume of debris as a function of channel length. All 46 debris flows showed significant bulking by scour and erosion, with average yield rates for each channel ranging from 0.3 to 9.9??m3 of debris produced for every meter of channel length, with an overall average value of 2.5??m3/m. Significant increases in yield rate partway down the channel were identified in 87% of the channels, with an average of a three-fold increase in yield rate. Yield rates for short reaches of channels (up to several hundred meters) ranged as high as 22.3??m3/m. Debris was contributed from side channels into the main channels for 54% of the flows, with an average of 23% of the total debris coming from those side channels. Rill erosion was identified for 30% of the flows, with rills contributing between 0.1 and 10.5% of the total debris, with an average of 3%. Debris was deposited as levees in 87% of the flows, with most of the deposition occurring in the lower part of the basin. A median value of 10% of the total debris flow was deposited as levees for these cases, with a range from near zero to nearly 100%. These results show that channel erosion and scour are the dominant sources of debris in burned areas, with yield rates increasing significantly partway down the channel. Side channels are much more important sources of debris than rills. Levees are very common, but the size and effect on the amount of debris that reaches a canyon mouth is highly variable. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.02.022","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Santi, P., deWolfe, V., Higgins, J., Cannon, S., and Gartner, J., 2008, Sources of debris flow material in burned areas: Geomorphology, v. 96, no. 3-4, p. 310-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.02.022.","startPage":"310","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214880,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.02.022"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9372e4b08c986b31a4d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Santi, P.M.","contributorId":82927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santi","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"deWolfe, V.G.","contributorId":97722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"deWolfe","given":"V.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higgins, J.D.","contributorId":37154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gartner, J.E.","contributorId":80098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032129,"text":"70032129 - 2008 - Modeling the effects of potential salinity shifts on the recovery of striped bass in the Savannah River estuary, Georgia-South Carolina, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T11:19:10","indexId":"70032129","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the effects of potential salinity shifts on the recovery of striped bass in the Savannah River estuary, Georgia-South Carolina, United States","docAbstract":"Increased salinity in spawning and nursery grounds in the Savannah River estuary was cited as the primary cause of a 97% decrease in adult striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and a concomitant 96% decrease in striped bass egg production. Restoration efforts focused on environmental remediation and stock enhancement have resulted in restored salinity patterns and increased egg and adult abundances. However, future water needs or harbor development may preclude further recovery by reducing freshwater inflow or increasing salinity intrusion. To assess the effect of potential changes in the salinity regime, we developed models relating discharge, tidal phase, and salinity to striped bass egg and early larval survival and re-cast these in a quantitative Bayesian belief network. The model indicated that a small upstream shift (???1.67 km) in the salinity regime would have the least impact on striped bass early life history survival, whereas shifts >1.67 km would have progressively larger impacts, with a 8.33-km shift potentially reducing our estimated survival probability by >28%. Such an impact could have cumulative and long-term detrimental effects on the recovery of the Savannah River striped bass population. The available salinity data were collected during average and low flows, so our model represents some typical and some extreme conditions during a striped bass spawning season. Our model is a relatively simplistic, \"first-order\" attempt at evaluating potential effects of changes in the Savannah River estuarine salinity regime and points to areas of concern and potential future research. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-008-9082-x","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Reinert, T., and Peterson, J., 2008, Modeling the effects of potential salinity shifts on the recovery of striped bass in the Savannah River estuary, Georgia-South Carolina, United States: Environmental Management, v. 41, no. 5, p. 753-765, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9082-x.","startPage":"753","endPage":"765","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214853,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9082-x"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.2164306640625,\n 31.64519805333295\n ],\n [\n -81.2164306640625,\n 32.2801666335657\n ],\n [\n -80.66574096679688,\n 32.2801666335657\n ],\n [\n -80.66574096679688,\n 31.64519805333295\n ],\n [\n -81.2164306640625,\n 31.64519805333295\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c42e4b0c8380cd6fb4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinert, T.R.","contributorId":28043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinert","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, J.T.","contributorId":30170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032128,"text":"70032128 - 2008 - Phylogenetics, systematics, paleoecology, and evolution of the trilobite genera Paladin and Kaskia from the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032128","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phylogenetics, systematics, paleoecology, and evolution of the trilobite genera Paladin and Kaskia from the United States","docAbstract":"Late Mississippian and earliest Pennsylvanian trilobite faunas of North America are dominated by the Paladin and Kaskia clades. Phylogenetic analysis of middle Carboniferous species of these clades demonstrates the close ancestral relationship between these groups. The Kaskia clade consists of eight species: K. chesterensis Weller, 1936, K. osagensis (Cisne, 1967), K. longispina (Strong, 1872), K. wilsoni (Walter, 1924), K. genevievensis (Walter, 1924), K. rosei (Cisne, 1967), K. gersnai n. sp., and K. rollinsi n. sp. Kaskia Weller, 1936 ranges from late Osagean to middle Chesterian (early Visean-early Serpukhovian) and is restricted to cyclothemic shelf and nearshore deposits. Species of Kaskia appear to have evolved in areas of shallow water and high environmental stress. The Paladin clade consists of 12 species including previously named species P. morrowensis (Mather, 1915), P. girtyianus Hahn and Hahn, 1970, P. rarus Whittington, 1954, P. helmsensis Whittington, 1954, and P. moorei (Branson, 1937). New species belonging to this clade are Paladin moorefieldensis n. sp., P. pleisiomorphus n. sp., P. imoensis n. sp., P. mangeri n. sp., and P. wapanukaensis n. sp. This group ranges from the early Chesterian to early Morrowan (late Viseanlate Bashkirian). Species of Paladin appear to be confined to outer shelf shelf-edge and off-shelf facies where presumably deeper water environments existed. This is manifested in their paleogeographic distribution, which is paleoenvironmentally controlled. Copyright ?? 2008, The Paleontological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1666/07-028.1","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Brezinski, D., 2008, Phylogenetics, systematics, paleoecology, and evolution of the trilobite genera Paladin and Kaskia from the United States: Journal of Paleontology, v. 82, no. 3, p. 511-527, https://doi.org/10.1666/07-028.1.","startPage":"511","endPage":"527","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214820,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/07-028.1"},{"id":242572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a50e4b0c8380cd78e53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brezinski, D. K.","contributorId":39010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brezinski","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032124,"text":"70032124 - 2008 - Dispersal leads to spatial autocorrelation in species distributions: A simulation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032124","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dispersal leads to spatial autocorrelation in species distributions: A simulation model","docAbstract":"Compared to population growth regulated by local conditions, dispersal has been underappreciated as a central process shaping the spatial distribution of populations. This paper asks: (a) which conditions increase the importance of dispersers relative to local recruits in determining population sizes? and (b) how does dispersal influence the spatial distribution patterns of abundances among connected populations? We approached these questions with a simulation model of populations on a coupled lattice with cells of continuously varying habitat quality expressed as carrying capacities. Each cell contained a population with the basic dynamics of density-regulated growth, and was connected to other populations by immigration and emigration. The degree to which dispersal influenced the distribution of population sizes depended most strongly on the absolute amount of dispersal, and then on the potential population growth rate. Dispersal decaying in intensity with distance left close neighbours more alike in population size than distant populations, leading to an increase in spatial autocorrelation. The spatial distribution of species with low potential growth rates is more dependent on dispersal than that of species with high growth rates; therefore, distribution modelling for species with low growth rates requires particular attention to autocorrelation, and conservation management of these species requires attention to factors curtailing dispersal, such as fragmentation and dispersal barriers. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.12.005","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Bahn, V., Krohn, W., and O’Connor, R., 2008, Dispersal leads to spatial autocorrelation in species distributions: A simulation model: Ecological Modelling, v. 213, no. 3-4, p. 285-292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.12.005.","startPage":"285","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214753,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.12.005"},{"id":242503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"213","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0219e4b0c8380cd4fea6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bahn, V.","contributorId":23741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahn","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krohn, W.B.","contributorId":64355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Connor, R.J.","contributorId":37861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032117,"text":"70032117 - 2008 - Indication of two Pacific walrus stocks from whole tooth elemental analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032117","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Indication of two Pacific walrus stocks from whole tooth elemental analysis","docAbstract":"The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) is considered to be a single panmictic population for management purposes. However, studies on population structuring in this species are limited; in part, because portions of the population's range are often inaccessible. Therefore, alternative and complementary methods for investigating stock structure in the Pacific walrus are of particular interest. We used measures of elemental concentrations in whole tooth sections from ICP-MS in a discriminant analysis to investigate evidence of stock separation between walruses from two of three known breeding areas (S.E. Bering, St Lawrence, and Anadyr Gulf). Elemental compositions of teeth from female and male walruses from the S.E. Bering and St Lawrence breeding areas were significantly different, providing evidence of separate stocks. We also obtained insights into the potential relation of walruses from non-breeding areas to walruses from these breeding groups based on similarities in their dental elemental profiles. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00300-008-0432-1","issn":"07224060","usgsCitation":"Jay, C., Outridge, P., and Garlich-Miller, J., 2008, Indication of two Pacific walrus stocks from whole tooth elemental analysis: Polar Biology, v. 31, no. 8, p. 933-943, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0432-1.","startPage":"933","endPage":"943","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214657,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0432-1"}],"volume":"31","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a87e4b0c8380cd61d54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jay, C.V. 0000-0002-9559-2189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":67827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"C.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Outridge, P.M.","contributorId":89734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Outridge","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garlich-Miller, J. L.","contributorId":85419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garlich-Miller","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032116,"text":"70032116 - 2008 - Use of tolerance values to diagnose water-quality stressors to aquatic biota in New England streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032116","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of tolerance values to diagnose water-quality stressors to aquatic biota in New England streams","docAbstract":"Identification of stressors related to biological impairment is critical to biological assessments. We applied nationally derived tolerance indicator values for four water-quality variables to fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages at 29 sites along an urban gradient in New England. Tolerance indicator values (TIVs), as biologically based predictors of water-quality variables, were determined for dissolved oxygen, nitrite plus nitrate (nitrate), total phosphorus, and water temperature for each site based on observed biological assemblages (TIVO), and for expected assemblages (TIVE). The quotient method, based on a ratio of the TIVs for observed and expected assemblages (tolerance units), was used to diagnose potential water-quality stressors. In addition, the ratio of measured water-quality values to water-quality criteria (water-quality units) was calculated for each water-quality variable to assess measured water-quality stressors. Results from a RIVPACS predictive model for benthic macroinvertebrates and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity for fish were used to classify sites into categories of good or impaired ecological condition. Significant differences were detected between good and impaired sites for all biological tolerance units (fish and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages averaged) except for nitrate (P = 0.480), and for all water-quality units except for nitrate (P = 0.183). Diagnosis of water-quality stressors at selected sites was, in general, consistent with State-reported causes of impairment. Tolerance units for benthic macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages were significantly correlated for water temperature (P = 0.001, r = 0.63), dissolved oxygen (P = 0.001, r = 0.61), and total phosphorus (P = 0.001, r = 0.61), but not for nitrate (P = 0.059, r = -0.35). Differences between the two assemblages in site-specific diagnosis of water-quality stressors may be the result of differences in nitrate tolerance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.01.002","issn":"1470160X","usgsCitation":"Meador, M.R., Carlisle, D., and Coles, J., 2008, Use of tolerance values to diagnose water-quality stressors to aquatic biota in New England streams: Ecological Indicators, v. 8, no. 5, p. 718-728, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.01.002.","startPage":"718","endPage":"728","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214656,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.01.002"}],"volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbfa4e4b08c986b329ca1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meador, M. R.","contributorId":74400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, D.M.","contributorId":81059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coles, J.F.","contributorId":80257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coles","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032111,"text":"70032111 - 2008 - Reproductive ecology of Actinonaias ligamentina (Bivalvia:Unionidae) in a regulated river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70032111","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive ecology of Actinonaias ligamentina (Bivalvia:Unionidae) in a regulated river","docAbstract":"Factors affecting the reproductive success of freshwater mussels in lotic systems are poorly understood. Gravidity, fecundity, and fertilization success of Actinonaias ligamentina were examined at 4 sites along a 63-km reach of the Green River immediately below the Green River Dam, Kentucky. No gravid females were collected at the site closest to the dam, and the percentage of gravid females at downstream sites ranged from 20 to 36%. Not all females became gravid, despite the presence of early stages of ova in the gonadal fluid. This observation suggests that female A. ligamentina undergo a resting stage and, therefore, might not become gravid every year. Fecundity differed among sites and increased with distance from the dam. Fertilization rates ranged from 32 to 97% among sites and increased with distance from the dam. Fertilization rate was independent of local mussel density and position in the mussel bed. The high fertilization rates observed in the upstream portions of mussel beds indicate that freshwater mussel sperm have the ability to travel to distant females in lotic systems. Therefore, females are not necessarily dependent upon nearby males for fertilization. Successful fertilization of A. ligamentina at low mussel densities in the Green River suggests that natural recovery of rare endangered species might be possible if host fish and suitable conditions for juvenile survival and growth are present. ?? 2008 by The North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/07-006.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Moles, K., and Layzer, J., 2008, Reproductive ecology of Actinonaias ligamentina (Bivalvia:Unionidae) in a regulated river: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 27, no. 1, p. 212-222, https://doi.org/10.1899/07-006.1.","startPage":"212","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215062,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/07-006.1"},{"id":242831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa8cbe4b0c8380cd85a9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moles, K.R.","contributorId":62850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moles","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Layzer, J.B.","contributorId":53878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layzer","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032109,"text":"70032109 - 2008 - A rapid method for hydraulic profiling in unconsolidated formations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70032109","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A rapid method for hydraulic profiling in unconsolidated formations","docAbstract":"Information on vertical variations in hydraulic conductivity (K) can often shed much light on how a contaminant will move in the subsurface. The direct-push injection logger has been developed to rapidly obtain such information in shallow unconsolidated settings. This small-diameter tool consists of a short screen located just behind a drive point. The tool is advanced into the subsurface while water is injected through the screen to keep it clear. Upon reaching a depth at which information about K is desired, advancement ceases and the injection rate and pressure are measured on the land surface. The rate and pressure values are used in a ratio that serves as a proxy for K. A vertical profile of this ratio can be transformed into a K profile through regressions with K estimates determined using other techniques. The viability of the approach was assessed at an extensively studied field site in eastern Germany. The assessment demonstrated that this tool can rapidly identify zones that may serve as conduits for or barriers to contaminant movement. ?? 2007 The Author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00377.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Dietrich, P., Butler, J., and Faiss, K., 2008, A rapid method for hydraulic profiling in unconsolidated formations: Ground Water, v. 46, no. 2, p. 323-328, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00377.x.","startPage":"323","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476784,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00377.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215060,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00377.x"},{"id":242829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e52ce4b0c8380cd46bac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietrich, P.","contributorId":80074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietrich","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, J.J. Jr.","contributorId":12194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faiss, K.","contributorId":53617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faiss","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032105,"text":"70032105 - 2008 - A quantitative evaluation of the iron-sulfur world and its relevance to life's origins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032105","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A quantitative evaluation of the iron-sulfur world and its relevance to life's origins","docAbstract":"The significance of Wa??chtersha??user's iron-sulfur world to the origin of life and the limits to its notional autocatalytic cycles are examined in kinetic simulations of the chain polymerization sequence primitive materials ??? amino acids ??? oligomers The simulations were run for the formation of all oligomers up to the 20-mer over a 1 Gy interval from the end of the period of heavy bombardment, during which period life emerged. Upper-limit rate constant estimates developed from the studies of Huber and Wa??chtersha?? user were employed. The simulations showed that oligomer production consistent with life's start within that interval emerges only with an autocatalyst exhibiting a catalytic proficiency comparable to that of contemporary enzymes. The simulations, moreover, ignored likely thermodynamic and statistical burdens which, if included, would have led to the need for catalytic capacities well in excess of those in present-day enzymes. Prebiotic oligomers with such levels of activity are clearly not likely, and it is apparent that the iron-sulfur scheme could not have played a role in life's beginnings. ?? 2008 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","largerWorkTitle":"Astrobiology","language":"English","doi":"10.1089/ast.2007.0199","issn":"15311074","usgsCitation":"Ross, D., 2008, A quantitative evaluation of the iron-sulfur world and its relevance to life's origins, in Astrobiology, v. 8, no. 2, p. 267-272, https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2007.0199.","startPage":"267","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215003,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2007.0199"},{"id":242767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e525e4b0c8380cd46b62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, D.S.","contributorId":33867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032104,"text":"70032104 - 2008 - Effect of hydrological conditions on nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide dynamics in a bottomland hardwood forest and its implication for soil carbon sequestration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-23T08:13:18","indexId":"70032104","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of hydrological conditions on nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide dynamics in a bottomland hardwood forest and its implication for soil carbon sequestration","docAbstract":"This study was conducted at three locations in a bottomland hardwood forest with a distinct elevation and hydrological gradient: ridge (high, dry), transition, and swamp (low, wet). At each location, concentrations of soil greenhouse gases (N2O, CH4, and CO2), their fluxes to the atmosphere, and soil redox potential (Eh) were measured bimonthly, while the water table was monitored every day. Results show that soil Eh was significantly (P < 0.001) correlated with water table: a negative correlation at the ridge and transition locations, but a positive correlation at the permanently flooded swamp location. Both soil gas profile analysis and surface gas flux measurements indicated that the ridge and transition locations could be a sink of atmospheric CH4, especially in warm seasons, but generally functioned as a minor source of CH4 in cool seasons. The swamp location was a major source of CH4, and the emission rate was higher in the warm seasons (mean 28 and median 23 mg m−2 h−1) than in the cool seasons (both mean and median 13 mg m−2 h−1). Average CO2 emission rate was 251, 380 and 52 mg m−2 h−1 for the ridge, transition and swamp location, respectively. At each location, higher CO2emission rates were also found in the warm seasons. The lowest CO2 emission rate was found at the swamp location, where soil C content was the highest, due to less microbial biomass, less CO2 production in such an anaerobic environment, and greater difficulty of CO2 diffusion to the atmosphere. Cumulative global warming potential emission from these three greenhouse gases was in an order of swamp > transition > ridge location. The ratio CO2/CH4 production in soil is a critical factor for evaluating the overall benefit of soil C sequestration, which can be greatly offset by CH4 production and emission.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01545.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Yu, K., Faulkner, S., and Baldwin, M., 2008, Effect of hydrological conditions on nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide dynamics in a bottomland hardwood forest and its implication for soil carbon sequestration: Global Change Biology, v. 14, no. 4, p. 798-812, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01545.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"798","endPage":"812","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215002,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01545.x"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05eae4b0c8380cd51012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, K.","contributorId":23756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faulkner, S.P.","contributorId":55190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, M.J. 0000-0002-7865-6590 baldwinm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7865-6590","contributorId":146154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"M.J.","email":"baldwinm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032101,"text":"70032101 - 2008 - Translocation and early post-release demography of endangered Laysan teal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032101","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Translocation and early post-release demography of endangered Laysan teal","docAbstract":"In an attempt to reduce the high extinction risk inherent to small island populations, we translocated wild Laysan teal Anas laysanensis to a portion of its presumed prehistoric range. Most avian translocations lack the strategic post-release monitoring needed to assess early population establishment or failure. Therefore, we monitored the survival and reproduction of all founders, and their first-generation offspring using radio telemetry for 2 years after the first release. Forty-two Laysan teal were sourced directly from the only extant population on Laysan Island and transported 2 days by ship to Midway Atoll. All birds survived the translocation with nutritional and veterinary support, and spent between 4 and 14 days in captivity. Post-release survival of 42 founders was 0.857 (95% CI 0.86-0.99) during 2004-2006 or annualized 0.92 (95% CI 0.83-0.98). Seventeen of 18 founding hens attempted nesting in the first two breeding seasons. Fledgling success was 0.57 (95% CI 0.55-0.60) in 2005 and 0.63 (95% CI 0.62-0.64) in 2006. The effective founding female population (Ne) was 13. We applied these initial demographic rates to model population growth. The nascent population size increased to >100 after only 2 years post-release (?? = 1.73). If this growth rate continues, the size of the Midway population could surpass the source population before 2010. ?? 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation ?? 2008 The Zoological Society of London.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00166.x","issn":"13679430","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, M., Seavy, N., Vekasy, M., Klavitter, J., and Laniawe, L., 2008, Translocation and early post-release demography of endangered Laysan teal: Animal Conservation, v. 11, no. 2, p. 160-168, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00166.x.","startPage":"160","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476886,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00166.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214968,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00166.x"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb71ce4b08c986b327073","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, M.H. 0000-0001-7253-8158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":64214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seavy, N.E.","contributorId":26403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seavy","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vekasy, M.S.","contributorId":70345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vekasy","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klavitter, J.L.","contributorId":8677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klavitter","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laniawe, L.P.","contributorId":15420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laniawe","given":"L.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032100,"text":"70032100 - 2008 - Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) invasion and the spread of hybridization with native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T10:04:34","indexId":"70032100","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) invasion and the spread of hybridization with native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi)","docAbstract":"We analyzed 13 microsatellite loci to estimate gene flow among westslope cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi, populations and determine the invasion pattern of hybrids between native O. c. lewisi and introduced rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in streams of the upper Flathead River system, Montana (USA) and British Columbia (Canada). Fourteen of 31 sites lacked evidence of O. mykiss introgression, and gene flow among these nonhybridized O. c. lewisi populations was low, as indicated by significant allele frequency divergence among populations (?ST = 0.076, ?ST = 0.094, P < 0.001). Among hybridized sites, O. mykiss admixture declined with upstream distance from a site containing a hybrid swarm with a predominant (92%) O. mykiss genetic contribution. The spatial distribution of hybrid genotypes at seven diagnostic microsatellite loci revealed that O. mykiss invasion is facilitated by both long distance dispersal from this hybrid swarm and stepping-stone dispersal between hybridized populations. This study provides an example of how increased straying rates in the invasive taxon can contribute to the spread of extinction by hybridization and suggests that eradicating sources of introgression may be a useful conservation strategy for protecting species threatened with genomic extinction. ?? 2008 NRC.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/F08-001","usgsCitation":"Boyer, M., Muhlfeld, C., and Allendorf, F., 2008, Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) invasion and the spread of hybridization with native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 65, no. 4, p. 658-669, https://doi.org/10.1139/F08-001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"658","endPage":"669","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214936,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F08-001"}],"volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a944fe4b0c8380cd8131c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyer, M.C.","contributorId":49038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyer","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhlfeld, C.C.","contributorId":97850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allendorf, F.W.","contributorId":99937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allendorf","given":"F.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032099,"text":"70032099 - 2008 - Effective mitigation of debris flows at Lemon Dam, La Plata County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032099","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effective mitigation of debris flows at Lemon Dam, La Plata County, Colorado","docAbstract":"To reduce the hazards from debris flows in drainage basins burned by wildfire, erosion control measures such as construction of check dams, installation of log erosion barriers (LEBs), and spreading of straw mulch and seed are common practice. After the 2002 Missionary Ridge Fire in southwest Colorado, these measures were implemented at Knight Canyon above Lemon Dam to protect the intake structures of the dam from being filled with sediment. Hillslope erosion protection measures included LEBs at concentrations of 220-620/ha (200-600% of typical densities), straw mulch was hand spread at concentrations up to 5.6??metric tons/hectare (125% of typical densities), and seeds were hand spread at 67-84??kg/ha (150% of typical values). The mulch was carefully crimped into the soil to keep it in place. In addition, 13 check dams and 3 debris racks were installed in the main drainage channel of the basin. The technical literature shows that each mitigation method working alone, or improperly constructed or applied, was inconsistent in its ability to reduce erosion and sedimentation. At Lemon Dam, however, these methods were effective in virtually eliminating sedimentation into the reservoir, which can be attributed to a number of factors: the density of application of each mitigation method, the enhancement of methods working in concert, the quality of installation, and rehabilitation of mitigation features to extend their useful life. The check dams effectively trapped the sediment mobilized during rainstorms, and only a few cubic meters of debris traveled downchannel, where it was intercepted by debris racks. Using a debris volume-prediction model developed for use in burned basins in the Western U.S., recorded rainfall events following the Missionary Ridge Fire should have produced a debris flow of approximately 10,000??m3 at Knight Canyon. The mitigation measures, therefore, reduced the debris volume by several orders of magnitude. For comparison, rainstorm-induced debris flows occurred in two adjacent canyons at volumes within the range predicted by the model. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.04.008","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"deWolfe, V., Santi, P., Ey, J., and Gartner, J., 2008, Effective mitigation of debris flows at Lemon Dam, La Plata County, Colorado: Geomorphology, v. 96, no. 3-4, p. 366-377, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.04.008.","startPage":"366","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214935,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.04.008"},{"id":242696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0633e4b0c8380cd51150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"deWolfe, V.G.","contributorId":97722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"deWolfe","given":"V.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santi, P.M.","contributorId":82927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santi","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ey, J.","contributorId":54422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ey","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gartner, J.E.","contributorId":80098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032098,"text":"70032098 - 2008 - Natural radionuclide mobility and its influence on U-Th-Pb dating of secondary minerals from the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032098","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural radionuclide mobility and its influence on U-Th-Pb dating of secondary minerals from the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Extreme U and Pb isotope variations produced by disequilibrium in decay chains of 238U and 232Th are found in calcite, opal/chalcedony, and Mn-oxides occurring as secondary mineral coatings in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. These very slowly growing minerals (mm my-1) contain excess 206Pb and 208Pb formed from excesses of intermediate daughter isotopes and cannot be used as reliable 206Pb/238U geochronometers. The presence of excess intermediate daughter isotopes does not appreciably affect 207Pb/235U ages of U-enriched opal/chalcedony, which are interpreted as mineral formation ages. Opal and calcite from outer (younger) portions of coatings have 230Th/U ages from 94.6 ?? 3.7 to 361.3 ?? 9.8 ka and initial 234U/238U activity ratios (AR) from 4.351 ?? 0.070 to 7.02 ?? 0.12, which indicate 234U enrichment from percolating water. Present-day 234U/238U AR is ???1 in opal/chalcedony from older portions of the coatings. The 207Pb/235U ages of opal/chalcedony samples range from 0.1329 ?? 0.0080 to 9.10 ?? 0.21 Ma, increase with microstratigraphic depth, and define slow long-term average growth rates of about 1.2-2.0 mm my-1, in good agreement with previous results. Measured 234U/238U AR in Mn-oxides, which pre-date the oldest calcite and opal/chalcedony, range from 0.939 ?? 0.006 to 2.091 ?? 0.006 and are >1 in most samples. The range of 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.71156-0.71280) in Mn-oxides overlaps that in the late calcite. These data indicate that Mn-oxides exchange U and Sr with percolating water and cannot be used as a reliable dating tool. In the U-poor calcite samples, measured 206Pb/207Pb ratios have a wide range, do not correlate with Ba concentration as would be expected if excess Ra was present, and reach a value of about 1400, the highest ever reported for natural Pb. Calcite intergrown with opal contains excesses of both 206Pb and 207Pb derived from Rn diffusion and from direct ??-recoil from U-rich opal. Calcite from coatings devoid of opal/chalcedony contains 206Pb and 208Pb excesses, but no appreciable 207Pb excesses. Observed Pb isotope anomalies in calcite are explained by Rn-produced excess Pb. The Rn emanation may strongly affect 206Pb-238U ages of slow-growing U-poor calcite, but should be negligible for dating fast-growing U-enriched speleothem calcite.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.001","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., and Amelin, Y.V., 2008, Natural radionuclide mobility and its influence on U-Th-Pb dating of secondary minerals from the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 8, p. 2067-2089, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.001.","startPage":"2067","endPage":"2089","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214905,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.001"},{"id":242664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a634ee4b0c8380cd72409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amelin, Y. V.","contributorId":89679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelin","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032097,"text":"70032097 - 2008 - Spectroscopy, morphometry, and photoclinometry of Titan's dunefields from Cassini/VIMS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032097","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectroscopy, morphometry, and photoclinometry of Titan's dunefields from Cassini/VIMS","docAbstract":"Fine-resolution (500 m/pixel) Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) T20 observations of Titan resolve that moon's sand dunes. The spectral variability in some dune regions shows that there are sand-free interdune areas, wherein VIMS spectra reveal the exposed dune substrate. The interdunes from T20 are, variously, materials that correspond to the equatorial bright, 5-??m-bright, and dark blue spectral units. Our observations show that an enigmatic \"dark red\" spectral unit seen in T5 in fact represents a macroscopic mixture with 5-??m-bright material and dunes as its spectral endmembers. Looking more broadly, similar mixtures of varying amounts of dune and interdune units of varying composition can explain the spectral and albedo variability within the dark brown dune global spectral unit that is associated with dunes. The presence of interdunes indicates that Titan's dunefields are both mature and recently active. The spectrum of the dune endmember reveals the sand to be composed of less water ice than the rest of Titan; various organics are consistent with the dunes' measured reflectivity. We measure a mean dune spacing of 2.1 km, and find that the dunes are oriented on the average in an east-west direction, but angling up to 10?? from parallel to the equator in specific cases. Where no interdunes are present, we determine the height of one set of dunes photoclinometrically to be between 30 and 70 m. These results pave the way for future exploration and interpretation of Titan's sand dunes. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.006","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Barnes, J.W., Brown, R.H., Soderblom, L., Sotin, C., Le Mouelic, S., Rodriguez, S., Jaumann, R., Beyer, R., Buratti, B.J., Pitman, K., Baines, K.H., Clark, R., and Nicholson, P., 2008, Spectroscopy, morphometry, and photoclinometry of Titan's dunefields from Cassini/VIMS: Icarus, v. 195, no. 1, p. 400-414, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.006.","startPage":"400","endPage":"414","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476972,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.006","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214904,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.006"},{"id":242663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"195","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b95b4e4b08c986b31b084","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, J. 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