Systematic improvements in algorithmic design of regional ocean circulation models have led to significant enhancement in simulation ability across a wide range of space/time scales and marine system types. As an example, we briefly review the Regional Ocean Modeling System, a member of a general class of three-dimensional, free-surface, terrain-following numerical models. Noteworthy characteristics of the ROMS computational kernel include: consistent temporal averaging of the barotropic mode to guarantee both exact conservation and constancy preservation properties for tracers; redefined barotropic pressure-gradient terms to account for local variations in the density field; vertical interpolation performed using conservative parabolic splines; and higher-order, quasi-monotone advection algorithms. Examples of quantitative skill assessment are shown for a tidally driven estuary, an ice-covered high-latitude sea, a wind- and buoyancy-forced continental shelf, and a mid-latitude ocean basin. The combination of moderate-order spatial approximations, enhanced conservation properties, and quasi-monotone advection produces both more robust and accurate, and less diffusive, solutions than those produced in earlier terrain-following ocean models. Together with advanced methods of data assimilation and novel observing system technologies, these capabilities constitute the necessary ingredients for multi-purpose regional ocean prediction systems.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Computational Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jcp.2007.06.016","issn":"00219991","usgsCitation":"Haidvogel, D., Arango, H., Budgell, W., Cornuelle, B., Curchitser, E., Di, L.E., Fennel, K., Geyer, W., Hermann, A., Lanerolle, L., Levin, J., McWilliams, J., Miller, A., Moore, A., Powell, T., Shchepetkin, A., Sherwood, C.R., Signell, R.P., Warner, J., and Wilkin, J., 2008, Ocean forecasting in terrain-following coordinates: Formulation and skill assessment of the Regional Ocean Modeling System: Journal of Computational Physics, v. 227, no. 7, p. 3595-3624, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2007.06.016.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"3595","endPage":"3624","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214702,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2007.06.016"},{"id":242450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c91e4b0c8380cd74cba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haidvogel, D.B.","contributorId":94875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haidvogel","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arango, H.","contributorId":20994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arango","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budgell, W.P.","contributorId":80501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budgell","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cornuelle, B.D.","contributorId":13456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornuelle","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Curchitser, E.","contributorId":86191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curchitser","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Di, Lorenzo E.","contributorId":100629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Di","given":"Lorenzo","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fennel, K.","contributorId":89361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fennel","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Geyer, W.R.","contributorId":62355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geyer","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hermann, A.J.","contributorId":96493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hermann","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lanerolle, L.","contributorId":51112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanerolle","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Levin, J.","contributorId":25779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McWilliams, J.C.","contributorId":37553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWilliams","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Miller, A.J.","contributorId":70119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Moore, A.M.","contributorId":87909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Powell, T.M.","contributorId":88090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Shchepetkin, A.F.","contributorId":6275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shchepetkin","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Warner, J.C.","contributorId":46644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wilkin, J.","contributorId":88163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70035578,"text":"70035578 - 2008 - Fifteen woody species with potential for invasiveness in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035578","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3297,"text":"Rhodora","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fifteen woody species with potential for invasiveness in New England","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rhodora","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3119/07-30.1","issn":"00354902","usgsCitation":"Martine, C., Leicht-Young, S., Herron, P., and Latimer, A., 2008, Fifteen woody species with potential for invasiveness in New England: Rhodora, v. 110, no. 943, p. 345-353, https://doi.org/10.3119/07-30.1.","startPage":"345","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216394,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3119/07-30.1"}],"volume":"110","issue":"943","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ff2e4b0c8380cd53a96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martine, C.T.","contributorId":20542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martine","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leicht-Young, S.","contributorId":86592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herron, P.","contributorId":43198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herron","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Latimer, A.","contributorId":12292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latimer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70009706,"text":"70009706 - 2008 - Aspen height, stem-girth and survivorship in an area of high ungulate use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:25","indexId":"70009706","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aspen height, stem-girth and survivorship in an area of high ungulate use","docAbstract":"An increase in ungulate population size potentially exposes aspen suckers, saplings, and trees to increased use. This study examined how stem height and girth influenced the selection of stems by ungulates for browsing, rubbing, and gnawing, and reconstructed the history of ungulate use for the study area. Transects were run through each of three aspen clones growing in southwestern Montana to determine height, circumference, and the surface area from which bark was totally and partially removed by rubbing and gnawing. Stems 20-250 cm tall were browsed. Stems 2-13 cm diameter were preferentially selected for rubbing and gnawing. The area of totally removed bark on dead saplings was twice the area of removed bark on live stems of similar diameter, suggesting that bark removal played a major role in the death of some stems. Based on an analysis of stem height and age, ungulate browsing was inferred to have increased from a light-to-moderate level to an intense level in 1991. The depth of scars was used to date scarring events. An increase in rubbing and gnawing was determined to have occurred about 1985. We concluded that elk were primarily responsible for the observed impacts. The combined effect of rubbing, gnawing, and browsing affects a broader span of ages compared to the effect of browsing alone. If prescribed fire is used to rejuvenate aspen stands, the resulting young stems should be protected from heavy browsing, rubbing and gnawing until they reach about 13 cm diameter and have grown out of the browse zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Keigley, R., and Frisina, M., 2008, Aspen height, stem-girth and survivorship in an area of high ungulate use: Northwest Science, v. 82, no. 3, p. 199-210.","startPage":"199","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edc1e4b0c8380cd499ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keigley, R.B.","contributorId":85115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keigley","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frisina, M.R.","contributorId":23095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisina","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032338,"text":"70032338 - 2008 - Efficient estimation of abundance for patchily distributed populations via two-phase, adaptive sampling.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70032338","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficient estimation of abundance for patchily distributed populations via two-phase, adaptive sampling.","docAbstract":"Many organisms are patchily distributed, with some patches occupied at high density, others at lower densities, and others not occupied. Estimation of overall abundance can be difficult and is inefficient via intensive approaches such as capture-mark-recapture (CMR) or distance sampling. We propose a two-phase sampling scheme and model in a Bayesian framework to estimate abundance for patchily distributed populations. In the first phase, occupancy is estimated by binomial detection samples taken on all selected sites, where selection may be of all sites available, or a random sample of sites. Detection can be by visual surveys, detection of sign, physical captures, or other approach. At the second phase, if a detection threshold is achieved, CMR or other intensive sampling is conducted via standard procedures (grids or webs) to estimate abundance. Detection and CMR data are then used in a joint likelihood to model probability of detection in the occupancy sample via an abundance-detection model. CMR modeling is used to estimate abundance for the abundance-detection relationship, which in turn is used to predict abundance at the remaining sites, where only detection data are collected. We present a full Bayesian modeling treatment of this problem, in which posterior inference on abundance and other parameters (detection, capture probability) is obtained under a variety of assumptions about spatial and individual sources of heterogeneity. We apply the approach to abundance estimation for two species of voles (Microtus spp.) in Montana, USA. We also use a simulation study to evaluate the frequentist properties of our procedure given known patterns in abundance and detection among sites as well as design criteria. For most population characteristics and designs considered, bias and mean-square error (MSE) were low, and coverage of true parameter values by Bayesian credibility intervals was near nominal. Our two-phase, adaptive approach allows efficient estimation of abundance of rare and patchily distributed species and is particularly appropriate when sampling in all patches is impossible, but a global estimate of abundance is required.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/07-2145.1","issn":"00129","usgsCitation":"Conroy, M., Runge, J., Barker, R.J., Schofield, M., and Fonnesbeck, C., 2008, Efficient estimation of abundance for patchily distributed populations via two-phase, adaptive sampling.: Ecology, v. 89, no. 12, p. 3362-3370, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-2145.1.","startPage":"3362","endPage":"3370","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215075,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-2145.1"},{"id":242846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0867e4b0c8380cd51ae1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runge, J.P.","contributorId":57180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barker, R. J.","contributorId":34222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schofield, M.R.","contributorId":106334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fonnesbeck, C.J.","contributorId":41381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fonnesbeck","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193186,"text":"70193186 - 2008 - Microhabitat use by brook trout inhabiting small tributaries and a large river main stem: Implications for stream habitat restoration in the central Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-01T10:24:31","indexId":"70193186","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3896,"text":"Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microhabitat use by brook trout inhabiting small tributaries and a large river main stem: Implications for stream habitat restoration in the central Appalachians","docAbstract":"Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) habitat restoration is needed across a range of stream sizes; however, studies quantifying brook trout habitat preferences in streams of differing sizes are rare. We used radio-telemetry to quantify adult brook trout microhabitat use in a central Appalachian watershed, the upper Shavers Fork of the Cheat River in eastern West Virginia. Our objectives were to: 1) quantify non-random microhabitat use by adult brook trout in the Shavers Fork main stem (drainage area = 32 km2) and an adjacent tributary, Rocky Run (drainage area = 7 km2); and 2) construct stream-specific habitat suitability curves (HSCs) for four important microhabitat variables (depth, average current velocity, maximum current velocity within one meter, and distance to cover). Brook trout used a subset of available microhabitats in both the main stem and Rocky Run: trout tended to occupy microhabitats that were deeper, higher velocity, and closer to cover than expected by chance alone. Although specific microhabitat values differed between the main stem and tributary populations, the overall patterns in brook trout microhabitat use were consistent regardless of stream size. Habitat suitability curves were constructed based on brook trout microhabitat use and will be used to design and monitor the effectiveness of future habitat restoration efforts in the Shavers Fork watershed. Our results suggest that habitat enhancement projects that increase the availability of deep, high velocity microhabitats adjacent to cover would benefit brook trout in both small tributaries and larger river main stems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Hansbarger, J.L., Petty, J.T., and Mazik, P.M., 2008, Microhabitat use by brook trout inhabiting small tributaries and a large river main stem: Implications for stream habitat restoration in the central Appalachians: Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 62, p. 142-148.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"148","ipdsId":"IP-008641","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347786,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seafwa.org/publications/proceedings/?id=61197"}],"volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610f8ee4b06e28e9c257e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansbarger, Jeff L.","contributorId":166750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansbarger","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24498,"text":"West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Point Pleasant, WV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J. Todd","contributorId":166749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[{"id":24497,"text":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazik, Patricia M. 0000-0002-8046-5929 pmazik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5929","contributorId":2318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Patricia","email":"pmazik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033279,"text":"70033279 - 2008 - Successful gas hydrate prospecting using 3D seismic - A case study for the Mt. Elbert prospect, Milne Point, North Slope Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033279","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Successful gas hydrate prospecting using 3D seismic - A case study for the Mt. Elbert prospect, Milne Point, North Slope Alaska","docAbstract":"In February 2007, the Mt. Elbert Prospect stratigraphic test well, Milne Point, North Slope Alaska encountered thick methane gas hydrate intervals, as predicted by 3D seismic interpretation and modeling. Methane gas hydrate-saturated sediment was found in two intervals, totaling more than 100 ft., identified and mapped based on seismic character and wavelet modeling.","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.3054848","issn":"10523","usgsCitation":"Inks, T., and Agena, W., 2008, Successful gas hydrate prospecting using 3D seismic - A case study for the Mt. Elbert prospect, Milne Point, North Slope Alaska, in SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 27, no. 1, p. 473-477, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3054848.","startPage":"473","endPage":"477","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213472,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3054848"},{"id":241098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9da2e4b08c986b31d97b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Inks, T.L.","contributorId":79311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inks","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agena, Warren F.","contributorId":67079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agena","given":"Warren F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033430,"text":"70033430 - 2008 - Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 2. Laboratory evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033430","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 2. Laboratory evaluation","docAbstract":"Acidic mine drainage (AMD) containing elevated concentrations of dissolved iron and other metals can be neutralized to varying degrees by reactions with limestone in passive treatment systems. We evaluated the chemical and mineralogical characteristics and the effectiveness of calcitic and dolomitic limestone for the neutralization of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden AMD from a flooded anthracite mine. The calcitic limestone, with CaCO3 and MgCO3 contents of 99.8 and <0.1 wt%, respectively, and the dolomitic limestone, with CaCO3 and MgCO3 contents of 60.3 and 40.2 wt%, were used to construct a downflow treatment system in 2003 at the Bell Mine, a large source of AMD and baseflow to the Schuylkill River in the Southern Anthracite Coalfield, in east-central Pennsylvania. In the winter of 2002-2003, laboratory neutralization-rate experiments evaluated the evolution of effluent quality during 2 weeks of continuous contact between AMD from the Bell Mine and the crushed calcitic or dolomitic limestone in closed, collapsible containers (cubitainers). The cubitainer tests showed that: (1) net-alkaline effluent could be achieved with detention times greater than 3 h, (2) effluent alkalinities and associated dissolution rates were equivalent for uncoated and Fe(OH)3-coated calcitic limestone, and (3) effluent alkalinities and associated dissolution rates for dolomitic limestone were about half those for calcitic limestone. The dissolution rate data for the cubitainer tests were used with data on the volume of effuent and surface area of limestone in the treatment system at the Bell Mine to evaluate the water-quality data for the first 1.5 years of operation of the treatment system. These rate models supported the interpretation of field results and indicated that treatment benefits were derived mainly from the dissolution of calcitic limestone, despite a greater quantity of dolomitic limestone within the treatment system. The dissolution-rate models were extrapolated on a decadal scale to indicate the expected decreases in the mass of limestone and associated alkalinities resulting from the long-term reaction of AMD with the treatment substrate. The models indicated the calcitic limestone would need to be replenished approaching the 5-year anniversary of treatment operations to maintain net-alkaline effluent quality. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mine Water and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10230-008-0031-y","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., Ward, S., and Hammarstrom, J.M., 2008, Downflow limestone beds for treatment of net-acidic, oxic, iron-laden drainage from a flooded anthracite mine, Pennsylvania, USA: 2. Laboratory evaluation: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 27, no. 2, p. 86-99, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-008-0031-y.","startPage":"86","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214270,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-008-0031-y"},{"id":241975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03b1e4b0c8380cd505f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, S.J.","contributorId":12702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammarstrom, J. M.","contributorId":34513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033462,"text":"70033462 - 2008 - Differences in evaporation between a floating pan and class a pan on land","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:54:37","indexId":"70033462","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in evaporation between a floating pan and class a pan on land","docAbstract":"Research was conducted to develop a method for obtaining floating pan evaporation rates in a small (less than 10,000 m2) wetland, lagoon, or pond. Floating pan and land pan evaporation data were collected from March 1 to August 31, 2005, at a small natural wetland located in the alluvium of the Canadian River near Norman, Oklahoma, at the U.S. Geological Survey Norman Landfill Toxic Substances Hydrology Research Site. Floating pan evaporation rates were compared with evaporation rates from a nearby standard Class A evaporation pan on land. Floating pan evaporation rates were significantly less than land pan evaporation rates for the entire period and on a monthly basis. Results indicated that the use of a floating evaporation pan in a small free‐water surface better simulates actual physical conditions on the water surface that control evaporation. Floating pan to land pan ratios were 0.82 for March, 0.87 for April, 0.85 for May, 0.85 for June, 0.79 for July, and 0.69 for August.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00181.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Masoner, J., Stannard, D., and Christenson, S.C., 2008, Differences in evaporation between a floating pan and class a pan on land: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 44, no. 3, p. 552-561, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00181.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"552","endPage":"561","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476745,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00181.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214272,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00181.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00eee4b0c8380cd4f9cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masoner, J.R.","contributorId":15690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masoner","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stannard, D.I.","contributorId":100884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christenson, S. C.","contributorId":98320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033363,"text":"70033363 - 2008 - Modern perspectives on measuring and interpreting seafloor heat flux","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T14:13:37","indexId":"70033363","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modern perspectives on measuring and interpreting seafloor heat flux","docAbstract":"There has been a resurgence of interest in marine heat flow in the past 10–15 years, coinciding with fundamental achievements in understanding the Earth's thermal state and quantifying the dynamics and impacts of material and energy fluxes within and between the lithosphere and hydrosphere. At the same time, technical capabilities have dwindled to the point that no U.S. academic institution currently operates a seagoing heat flow capacity.
In September 2007, a workshop was convened in Salt Lake City with sponsorship from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and participation by scientists and engineers from North America, Europe, and Asia. The primary goals of the workshop were to (1) assess high-priority scientific and technical needs and (2) to evaluate options for developing and maintaining essential capabilities in marine heat flow for the U.S. scientific community.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Future of Marine Heat Flow: Defining Scientific Goals and Experimental Needs for the 21st Century","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"The Future of Marine Heat Flow: Defining Scientific Goals and Experimental Needs for the 21st Century","conferenceDate":"September 6-7, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, Utah","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2008EO030003","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., Fisher, A., Ruppel, C., and Martinez, F., 2008, Modern perspectives on measuring and interpreting seafloor heat flux, in The Future of Marine Heat Flow: Defining Scientific Goals and Experimental Needs for the 21st Century, v. 89, no. 3, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 6-7, 2007, p. 23-23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008EO030003.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"23","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c9be4b0c8380cd6fe03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Reid N.","contributorId":54568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Reid N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, A.","contributorId":6669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppel, C.","contributorId":82050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martinez, F.","contributorId":47173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":86127,"text":"ofr20081234 - 2008 - Effects of a 2006 High-Flow Release from Tiber Dam on Channel Morphology at Selected Sites on the Marias River, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:27","indexId":"ofr20081234","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1234","title":"Effects of a 2006 High-Flow Release from Tiber Dam on Channel Morphology at Selected Sites on the Marias River, Montana","docAbstract":"In June 2006, an opportunistic high-flow release was made from Tiber Dam on the Marias River in Mont., to investigate possible alternatives for partially restoring the river's natural flow pattern and variability. At two sites along the river, we measured channel geometry before and after the high-flow release to evaluate channel change and alteration of physical habitat.\r\nStreamflow downstream from Tiber Dam has been stabilized by reduction of high flows and augmentation of low flows. This has produced flood-control benefits as well as some possible adverse environmental effects downstream from the dam. The 2006 high-flow release resulted in a downstream hydrograph with high flows of above-average magnitude in the post-dam flow regime of the Marias River. Timing of the peak and the declining limb of the release hydrograph were very similar to a historical, unregulated hydrograph of the Marias River. Furthermore, the high flow produced many of the qualitative elements of ecologically important physical processes that can be diminished or lost due to flow stabilization downstream from a dam. Typically dry back channels were occupied by flowing water. Islands were inundated, resulting in vegetation removal and sediment accretion that produced new disturbance patches of bare, moist substrate. Cut banks were eroded, and large woody debris was added to the river and redistributed. Flood-plain surfaces were inundated, producing substantial increases in wetted perimeter and spatially distinctive patterns of deposition associated with natural levee formation.\r\nThe scale of the 2006 high flow - in terms of peak magnitude and the lateral extent of bottomland influenced by inundation or lateral channel movement - was roughly an order of magnitude smaller than the scale of an infrequent high flow in the pre-dam regime. Overall extent and composition of riparian vegetation will continue to change under a scaled-down, post-dam flow regime. For example, the importance of the non-native Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) will likely increase. Reestablishing a more natural pattern of flows, however, should promote the increase of native cottonwood and willow (Salix spp.) in the new-albeit smaller-post-dam riparian ecosystem. A more natural flow regime will also likely provide improved habitat for native fish in the Marias River. Response of fish communities to such flows is the subject of current fisheries studies being conducted in cooperation with Bureau of Reclamation.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., and Bowen, Z.H., 2008, Effects of a 2006 High-Flow Release from Tiber Dam on Channel Morphology at Selected Sites on the Marias River, Montana (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1234, Report: v, 39 p.; Text Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081234.","productDescription":"Report: v, 39 p.; Text Files","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-06-01","temporalEnd":"2006-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11694,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1234/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624ca3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010031,"text":"70010031 - 2008 - At-sea distribution of radio-marked Ashy Storm-Petrels Oceanodroma homochroa captured on the California Channel Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T16:36:52","indexId":"70010031","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2675,"text":"Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2074-1235","printIssn":"1018-3337","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"At-sea distribution of radio-marked Ashy Storm-Petrels Oceanodroma homochroa captured on the California Channel Islands","docAbstract":"Small, rare and wide-ranging pelagic birds are difficult to locate and observe at sea; little is therefore known regarding individual movements and habitat affinities among many of the world's storm-petrels (Family Hydrobatidae). We re-located 57 of 70 radio-marked Ashy Storm-Petrels Oceanodroma homochroa captured at three colonies in the California Channel Islands: Scorpion Rocks (2004, 2005), Santa Barbara Island (2004) and Prince Island (2005). Between 23 July and 22 September 2004, and 5 July and 4 August 2005, we flew 29 telemetry surveys, covered more than 65 000 km2 (2004) and 43 000 km2 (2005) of open ocean from San Nicolas Island north to the Farallon Islands and obtained 215 locations from 57 storm-petrels at sea. In both years, radio-marked storm-petrels were aggregated over the continental slope from Point Conception to Point Buchon, within the western Santa Barbara Channel, and over the Santa Cruz Basin between Santa Cruz, San Nicolas and Santa Barbara islands. Individuals captured in the Channel Islands ranged more than 600 km and were located as far north as Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary. This is the first study to use radiotelemetry to determine the at-sea distribution and movements for any storm-petrel species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10183337","usgsCitation":"Adams, J., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2008, At-sea distribution of radio-marked Ashy Storm-Petrels Oceanodroma homochroa captured on the California Channel Islands: Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation, v. 36, no. 1, p. 9-17.","startPage":"9","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee9ce4b0c8380cd49e72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, J.","contributorId":45240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":357733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192312,"text":"70192312 - 2008 - Preliminary report on the 29 July 2008 Mw 5.4 Chino Hills, Eastern Los Angeles Basin, California, earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-24T13:24:09.631486","indexId":"70192312","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary report on the 29 July 2008 Mw 5.4 Chino Hills, Eastern Los Angeles Basin, California, earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"The 29 July 2008 Mw 5.4 Chino Hills earthquake was the largest event to occur within the greater Los Angeles metropolitan region since the Mw 6.7 1994 Northridge earthquake. The earthquake was widely felt in a metropolitan region with a population of more than 10 million people and was recorded by hundreds of broadband and strong-motion instruments. In this report we present preliminary analysis of the event and discuss its significance within the seismotectonic framework of the northern Los Angeles basin as revealed by previous moderate earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.79.6.855","usgsCitation":"Hauksson, E., Felzer, K.R., Given, D., Giveon, M., Hough, S.E., Hutton, K., Kanamori, H., Sevilgen, V., Wei, S., and Yong, A.K., 2008, Preliminary report on the 29 July 2008 Mw 5.4 Chino Hills, Eastern Los Angeles Basin, California, earthquake sequence: Seismological Research Letters, v. 79, no. 6, p. 855-866, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.79.6.855.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"855","endPage":"866","ipdsId":"IP-008416","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HAUsrl08","text":"External Repository"},{"id":347281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.93798828125,\n 33.63291573870479\n ],\n [\n -117.48779296875,\n 33.63291573870479\n ],\n [\n -117.48779296875,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -118.93798828125,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -118.93798828125,\n 33.63291573870479\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05126e4b0220bbd9a1dcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hauksson, Egill","contributorId":48174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauksson","given":"Egill","affiliations":[{"id":27150,"text":"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Felzer, Karen R. kfelzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felzer","given":"Karen","email":"kfelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Given, Doug","contributorId":34015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Given","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giveon, Michal","contributorId":198168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giveon","given":"Michal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hutton, Kate","contributorId":190651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutton","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kanamori, Hiroo","contributorId":106120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamori","given":"Hiroo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sevilgen, Volkan vsevilgen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sevilgen","given":"Volkan","email":"vsevilgen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":715429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wei, Shengji","contributorId":31652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Shengji","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yong, Alan K. 0000-0003-1807-5847 yong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-5847","contributorId":1554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Alan","email":"yong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":1003972,"text":"1003972 - 2008 - Cutaneous and diphtheritic avian poxvirus infection in a nestling Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectes giganteus) from Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T15:15:15.551683","indexId":"1003972","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cutaneous and diphtheritic avian poxvirus infection in a nestling Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectes giganteus) from Antarctica","docAbstract":"The Southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus) is declining over much of its range and currently is listed as vulnerable to extinction by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Island-specific breeding colonies near Palmer Station, Antarctica, have been monitored for over 30 years, and because this population continues to increase, it is critically important to conservation. In austral summer 2004, six diseased giant petrel chicks were observed in four of these colonies. Diseased chicks were 6–9 weeks old and had multiple proliferative nodules on their bills and skin. One severely affected chick was found dead on the nest and was salvaged for necropsy. Histopathological examination of nodules from the dead chick revealed epithelial cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy with numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (Böllinger bodies). A poxvirus was isolated from multiple nodules. Poxviral infection has not been reported in this species, and the reason for its emergence and its potential impact on the population are not yet known.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00300-007-0390-z","usgsCitation":"Shearn-Bochsler, V., Green, D.E., Converse, K.A., Docherty, D.E., Thiel, T., Geisz, H., Fraser, W., and Patterson-Fraser, D.L., 2008, Cutaneous and diphtheritic avian poxvirus infection in a nestling Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectes giganteus) from Antarctica: Polar Biology, v. 31, no. 5, p. 569-573, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-007-0390-z.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"573","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica: Palmer Station","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.07432556152342,\n -64.74264817735076\n ],\n [\n -64.00909423828125,\n -64.74689607086069\n ],\n [\n -63.98128509521485,\n -64.75407202924025\n ],\n [\n -63.95347595214844,\n -64.76358821744012\n ],\n [\n -63.94969940185546,\n -64.77339370305394\n ],\n [\n -63.94729614257812,\n -64.78304935691033\n ],\n [\n -63.95759582519532,\n -64.79767255432083\n ],\n [\n -63.97819519042968,\n -64.81038828842998\n ],\n [\n -64.0396499633789,\n -64.817547383571\n ],\n [\n -64.13887023925781,\n -64.81082665504367\n ],\n [\n -64.1550064086914,\n -64.80264263569762\n ],\n [\n -64.15225982666014,\n -64.79211667318563\n ],\n [\n -64.14676666259766,\n -64.77558847319227\n ],\n [\n -64.13440704345703,\n -64.7612460821597\n ],\n [\n -64.11003112792969,\n -64.75260770270529\n ],\n [\n -64.07432556152342,\n -64.74264817735076\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie","contributorId":43322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearn-Bochsler","given":"Valerie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, David Earl","contributorId":106052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Earl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Docherty, D. E.","contributorId":83469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thiel, T.","contributorId":80241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiel","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Geisz, H.N.","contributorId":58615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geisz","given":"H.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fraser, William R.","contributorId":94277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Patterson-Fraser, Donna L.","contributorId":84726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson-Fraser","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70009739,"text":"70009739 - 2008 - Two new species of Perlesta (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:19","indexId":"70009739","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3152,"text":"Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two new species of Perlesta (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from eastern North America","docAbstract":"Two new species of the Nearctic perlid genus Perlesta, P. durfeei Kondratieff, Zuellig, and Kirchner and P. georgiae Kondratieff, Zuellig, and Lenat are described and illustrated from Virginia and North Carolina, U.S.A., respectively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00138797","usgsCitation":"Kondratieff, B., Zuellig, R., Kirchner, R., and Lenat, D.R., 2008, Two new species of Perlesta (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from eastern North America: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, v. 110, no. 3, p. 668-673.","startPage":"668","endPage":"673","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb962e4b08c986b327bf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kondratieff, B.C.","contributorId":103230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kondratieff","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zuellig, R.E.","contributorId":37045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirchner, R.F.","contributorId":31096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirchner","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lenat, D. R.","contributorId":29478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenat","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1016481,"text":"1016481 - 2008 - Is Rangeland Health Relevant to Mongolia?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:42","indexId":"1016481","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3230,"text":"Rangelands","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is Rangeland Health Relevant to Mongolia?","docAbstract":"DOI: 10.2111/1551-501X(2008)30[25:IRHRTM]2.0.CO;2","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangelands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Damdinsuren, B., Herrick, J.E., Pyke, D.A., and Havstad, K., 2008, Is Rangeland Health Relevant to Mongolia?: Rangelands, v. 30, no. 4, p. 25-29.","productDescription":"pp.25-29","startPage":"25","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667233","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Damdinsuren, Bolormaa","contributorId":8424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damdinsuren","given":"Bolormaa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrick, J. E.","contributorId":84709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Havstad, K. M.","contributorId":60587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havstad","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193772,"text":"70193772 - 2008 - Characterizing submarine ground‐water discharge using fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing and marine electrical resistivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T11:44:05","indexId":"70193772","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Characterizing submarine ground‐water discharge using fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing and marine electrical resistivity","docAbstract":"Submarine ground‐water discharge (SGD) contributes important solute fluxes to coastal waters. Pollutants are transported to coastal ecosystems by SGD at spatially and temporally variable rates. New approaches are needed to characterize the effects of storm‐event, tidal, and seasonal forcing on SGD. Here, we evaluate the utility of two geophysical methods‐fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing (FO‐DTS) and marine electrical resistivity (MER)—for observing the spatial and temporal variations in SGD and the configuration of the freshwater/saltwater interface within submarine sediments. FO‐DTS and MER cables were permanently installed into the estuary floor on a transect extending 50 meters offshore under Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts, at the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, and nearly continuous data were collected for 4 weeks in summer 2007. Initial results indicate that the methods are extremely useful for monitoring changes in the complex estuarine environment. The FO‐DTS produced time‐series data at approximately 1‐meter increments along the length of the fiber at approximately 29‐second intervals. The temperature time‐series data show that the temperature at near‐shore locations appears to be dominated by a semi‐diurnal (tidal) signal, whereas the temperature at off‐shore locations is dominated by a diurnal signal (day/night heating and cooling). Dipole‐dipole MER surveys were completed about every 50 minutes, allowing for production of high‐resolution time‐lapse tomograms, which provide insight into the variations of the subsurface freshwater/saltwater interface. Preliminary results from the MER data show a high‐resistivity zone near the shore at low tide, indicative of SGD, and consistent with the FO‐DTS results.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2008","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.4133/1.2963319","usgsCitation":"Henderson, R., Day-Lewis, F.D., Lane, J.W., Harvey, C.F., and Liu, L., 2008, Characterizing submarine ground‐water discharge using fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing and marine electrical resistivity, in Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2008, p. 775-785, https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2963319.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"785","ipdsId":"IP-003962","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.495.9270","text":"External Repository"},{"id":350802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a719271e4b0a9a2e9dbde30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, Rory rhenders@usgs.gov","contributorId":2083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Rory","email":"rhenders@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Charles F.","contributorId":199836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Lanbo","contributorId":199850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Lanbo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6619,"text":"University of Connecticutt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":86128,"text":"ofr20081245 - 2008 - Techniques for Monitoring Razorback Sucker in the Lower Colorado River, Hoover to Parker Dams, 2006-2007, Final Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:16","indexId":"ofr20081245","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1245","title":"Techniques for Monitoring Razorback Sucker in the Lower Colorado River, Hoover to Parker Dams, 2006-2007, Final Report","docAbstract":"Trammel netting is generally the accepted method of monitoring razorback sucker in reservoirs, but this method is ineffective for monitoring this fish in rivers. Trammel nets set in the current become fouled with debris, and nets set in backwaters capture high numbers of nontarget species. Nontargeted fish composed 97 percent of fish captured in previous studies (1999-2005). In 2005, discovery of a large spawning aggregation of razorback sucker in midchannel near Needles, Calif., prompted the development of more effective methods to monitor this and possibly other riverine fish populations. \r\nThis study examined the effectiveness of four methods of monitoring razorback sucker in a riverine environment. Hoop netting, electrofishing, boat surveys, and aerial photography were evaluated in terms of data accuracy, costs, stress on targeted fish, and effect on nontargeted fish as compared with trammel netting. \r\nTrammel netting in the riverine portion of the Colorado River downstream of Davis Dam, Arizona-Nevada yielded an average of 43 razorback suckers a year (1999 to 2005). Capture rates averaged 0.5 razorback suckers per staff day effort, at a cost exceeding $1,100 per fish. Population estimates calculated for 2003-2005 were 3,570 (95 percent confidence limits [CL] = 1,306i??i??i??-8,925), 1,768 (CL = 878-3,867) and 1,652 (CL = 706-5,164); wide confidence ranges reflect the small sample size. By-catch associated with trammel netting included common carp, game fish and, occasionally, shorebirds, waterfowl, and muskrats. \r\nHoop nets were prone to downstream drift owing to design and anchoring problems aggravated by hydropower ramping. Tests were dropped after the 2006 field season and replaced with electrofishing. \r\nElectrofishing at night during low flow and when spawning razorback suckers moved to the shoreline proved extremely effective. In 2006 and 2007, 263 and 299 (respectively) razorback suckers were taken. Capture rates averaged 8.3 razorback suckers per staff day at a cost of $62 per fish. The adult population was estimated at 1,196 (925-1,546) fish. Compared with trammel netting, confidence limits narrowed substantially, from +or- 500 percent to +or- 30 percent, reflecting more precise estimates. By-catch was limited to two common carp. No recreational game fish, waterfowl, or mammals were captured or handled during use of electrofishing. \r\nAerial photography (2006 and 2007) suggested an annual average of 580 fish detected on imagery. Identification of species was not possible; carp commonly have been mistaken for razorback sucker. Field verification determined that the proportion of razorback suckers to other fish was 3:1. On that basis, we estimated 435 razorback suckers were photographed, which equals 8.4 razorback suckers per staff day at a cost of $78 per fish. The data did not lend itself to population estimates. \r\nFish were more easily identified from boats, where their lateral rather than their dorsal aspect is visible. On average, 888 razorback suckers were positively identified each year. Observation rates averaged 29.6 razorback suckers per staff day at a cost less than $18 per fish observed. Sucker densities averaged 20.5 and 9.6 fish/hectare which equated to an average spawning population at Needles, Calif., of 2,520 in 2006 and 1152 in 2007. The lower 2007 estimate reflected a refinement in sampling approach which removed a sampling bias. \r\nElectrofishing and boat surveys were more cost effective than other methods tested, and they provided more accurate information without the by-catch associated with trammel netting. However, they provided different types of data. Handling fish may be necessary for research purposes but unnecessary for general trend analysis. Electrofishing was extremely effective but can harm fish if not used with caution. Unnecessary electrofishing increases the likelihood of spinal damage and possible damage to eggs and potential young, and it may alter spawning behavior or duration. B","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081245","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, TSC, Denver, Colorado under the Multi-Species Conservation Program Work Task G-3 Adaptive Management Research Project and Conservation Measure RASU-6, Lower Colorado Regional Office, Boulder City, Nevada","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G.A., Wydoski, R., Best, E., Hiebert, S., Lantow, J., Santee, M., Goettlicher, B., and Millosovich, J., 2008, Techniques for Monitoring Razorback Sucker in the Lower Colorado River, Hoover to Parker Dams, 2006-2007, Final Report (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1245, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081245.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11695,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Gordon A.","contributorId":86420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wydoski, Richard","contributorId":14843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wydoski","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Best, Eric","contributorId":39071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hiebert, Steve","contributorId":52216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiebert","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lantow, Jeff","contributorId":18066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantow","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Santee, Mark","contributorId":30693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santee","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goettlicher, Bill","contributorId":60723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goettlicher","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Millosovich, Joe","contributorId":20425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millosovich","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70193770,"text":"70193770 - 2008 - Levee evaluation using MASW: Preliminary findings from the Citrus Lakefront Levee, New Orleans, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T11:54:01","indexId":"70193770","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Levee evaluation using MASW: Preliminary findings from the Citrus Lakefront Levee, New Orleans, Louisiana","docAbstract":"The utility of the multi‐channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) seismic method for non‐invasive assessment of earthen levees was evaluated for a section of the Citrus Lakefront Levee, New Orleans, Louisiana. This test was conducted after the New Orleans' area levee system had been stressed by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The MASW data were acquired in a seismically noisy, urban environment using an accelerated weight‐drop seismic source and a towed seismic land streamer. Much of the seismic data were contaminated with higher‐order mode guided‐waves, requiring application of muting filtering techniques to improve interpretability of the dispersion curves. Comparison of shear‐wave velocity sections with boring logs suggests the existence of four distinct horizontal layers within and beneath the levee: (1) the levee core, (2) the levee basal layer of fat clay, (3) a sublevel layer of silty sand, and (4) underlying Pleistocene deposits of sandy lean clay. Along the surveyed section of levee, lateral variations in shear‐wave velocity are interpreted as changes in material rigidity, suggestive of construction or geologic heterogeneity, or possibly, that dynamic processes (such as differential settlement) are affecting discrete levee areas. The results of this study suggest that the MASW method is a geophysical tool with significant potential for non‐invasive characterization of vertical and horizontal variations in levee material shear strength. Additional work, however, is needed to fully understand and address the complex seismic wave propagation in levee structures.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","publisherLocation":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2008","doi":"10.4133/1.2963312","usgsCitation":"Lane, J.W., Ivanov, J.M., Day-Lewis, F.D., Clemens, D., Patev, R., and Miller, R.D., 2008, Levee evaluation using MASW: Preliminary findings from the Citrus Lakefront Levee, New Orleans, Louisiana, p. 703-712, https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2963312.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"703","endPage":"712","ipdsId":"IP-003947","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"New Orleans","otherGeospatial":"Citrus Lakefront Levee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.2801513671875,\n 29.864465259258\n ],\n [\n -89.93682861328125,\n 29.864465259258\n ],\n [\n -89.93682861328125,\n 30.0405664305846\n ],\n [\n -90.2801513671875,\n 30.0405664305846\n ],\n [\n -90.2801513671875,\n 29.864465259258\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a719272e4b0a9a2e9dbde36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ivanov, Julian M.","contributorId":80844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"Julian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clemens, Drew","contributorId":199902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clemens","given":"Drew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patev, Robert","contributorId":199912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patev","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Richard D.","contributorId":56406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70182242,"text":"70182242 - 2008 - Mathematical models frame environmental dispute [Review of the article Useless arithmetic: Ten points to ponder when using mathematical models in environmental decision making]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T09:39:21","indexId":"70182242","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5301,"text":"Public Administration Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mathematical models frame environmental dispute [Review of the article Useless arithmetic: Ten points to ponder when using mathematical models in environmental decision making]","docAbstract":"When Linda Pilkey- Jarvis and Orrin Pilkey state in their article, \"Useless Arithmetic,\" that \"mathematical models are simplified, generalized representations of a process or system,\" they probably do not mean to imply that these models are simple. Rather, the models are simpler than nature and that is the heart of the problem with predictive models. We have had a long professional association with the developers and users of one of these simplifications of nature in the form of a mathematical model known as Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM), which is part of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM). The IFIM is a suite of techniques, including PHABSIM, that allows the analyst to incorporate hydrology , hydraulics, habitat, water quality, stream temperature, and other variables into a tradeoff analysis that decision makers can use to design a flow regime to meet management objectives (Stalnaker et al. 1995). Although we are not the developers of the IFIM, we have worked with those who did design it, and we have tried to understand how the IFIM and PHABSIM are actually used in decision making (King, Burkardt, and Clark 2006; Lamb 1989).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Public Administration","usgsCitation":"Lamb, B.L., and Burkardt, N., 2008, Mathematical models frame environmental dispute [Review of the article Useless arithmetic: Ten points to ponder when using mathematical models in environmental decision making]: Public Administration Review, v. 68, no. 3, p. 55-60.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb13de4b01ccd54f9ee22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamb, Berton Lee","contributorId":96784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, Nina 0000-0002-9392-9251 burkardtn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9251","contributorId":2781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"Nina","email":"burkardtn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016474,"text":"1016474 - 2008 - Organochlorine pesticide, polychlorinated biphenyl, trace element and metal residues in bird eggs from Salton Sea, California, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:52","indexId":"1016474","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine pesticide, polychlorinated biphenyl, trace element and metal residues in bird eggs from Salton Sea, California, 2004","docAbstract":"The Salton Sea is a highly eutrophic, hypersaline terminal lake that receives inflows primarily from agricultural drainages in the Imperial and Coachella valleys. Impending reductions in water inflow at Salton Sea may concentrate existing contaminants which have been a concern for many years, and result in higher exposure to birds. Thus, waterbird eggs were collected and analyzed in 2004 and compared with residue concentrations from earlier years; these data provide a base for future comparisons. Eggs from four waterbird species (black-crowned night-heron [Nycticorax nycticorax], great egret [Ardea alba], black-necked stilt [Himantopus mexicanus], and American avocet [Recurvirostra Americana]) were collected. Eggs were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), metals, and trace elements, with current results compared to those reported for eggs collected from the same species and others during 1985a??1993. The two contaminants of primary concern were p,pa??-DDE (DDE) and selenium. DDE concentrations in night-heron and great egret eggs collected from the northwest corner of Salton Sea (Whitewater River delta) decreased 91 and 95%, respectively, by 2004, with a concomitant increase in eggshell thickness for both species. Decreases in bird egg DDE levels paralleled those in tissues of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus ?? O. urolepis), an important prey species for herons and egrets. Despite most nests of night-herons and great egrets failing in 2004 due to predation, predicted reproductive effects based on DDE concentrations in eggs were low or negligible for these species. The 2004 DDE findings were in dramatic contrast to those in the past decade, and included an 81% decrease in black-necked stilt eggs, although concentrations were lower historically than those reported in night-herons and egrets. Selenium concentrations in black-necked stilt eggs from the southeast corner of Salton Sea (Davis Road) were similar in 1993 and 2004, with 4.5a??7.6% of the clutches estimated to be selenium impaired during both time periods. Because of present selenium concentrations and future reduced water inflow, the stilt population is of special concern. Between 1992 and 1993 and 2004 selenium in night-heron and great egret eggs from the Whitewater River delta at the north end of the Sea decreased by 81 and 55%, respectively. None of the night-heron or egret eggs collected in 2004 contained selenium concentrations above the lowest reported effect concentration (6.0 I?g/g dw). Reasons for selenium decreases in night-heron and egret eggs are unknown. Other contaminants evaluated in 2004 were all below known effect concentrations. However, in spite of generally low contaminant levels in 2004, the nesting populations of night-herons and great egrets at Salton Sea were greatly reduced from earlier years and snowy egrets (Egretta thula) were not found nesting. Other factors that include predation, reduced water level, diminished roost and nest sites, increased salinity, eutrophication, and reduced fish populations can certainly influence avian populations. Future monitoring, to validate predicted responses by birds, other organisms, and contaminant loadings associated with reduced water inflows, together with adaptive management should be the operational framework at the Salton Sea.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Anderson, T.W., and Crayon, J., 2008, Organochlorine pesticide, polychlorinated biphenyl, trace element and metal residues in bird eggs from Salton Sea, California, 2004: Hydrobiologia, v. 604, no. 1, p. 137-149.","productDescription":"p.137-149","startPage":"137","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"604","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68aa19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, T. W.","contributorId":105686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crayon, J.J.","contributorId":91810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crayon","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":86138,"text":"ofr20081251 - 2008 - Development and Application of a Decision Support System for Water Management Investigations in the Upper Yakima River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20081251","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1251","title":"Development and Application of a Decision Support System for Water Management Investigations in the Upper Yakima River, Washington","docAbstract":"The Yakima River Decision Support System (YRDSS) was designed to quantify and display the consequences of different water management scenarios for a variety of state variables in the upper Yakima River Basin, located in central Washington. The impetus for the YRDSS was the Yakima River Basin Water Storage Feasibility Study, which investigated alternatives for providing additional water in the basin for threatened and endangered fish, irrigated agriculture, and municipal water supply. The additional water supplies would be provided by combinations of water exchanges, pumping stations, and off-channel storage facilities, each of which could affect the operations of the Bureau of Reclamation's (BOR) five headwaters reservoirs in the basin. The driver for the YRDSS is RiverWare, a systems-operations model used by BOR to calculate reservoir storage, irrigation deliveries, and streamflow at downstream locations resulting from changes in water supply and reservoir operations. The YRDSS uses output from RiverWare to calculate and summarize changes at 5 important flood plain reaches in the basin to 14 state variables: (1) habitat availability for selected life stages of four salmonid species, (2) spawning-incubation habitat persistence, (3) potential redd scour, (4) maximum water temperatures, (5) outmigration for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) from headwaters reservoirs, (6) outmigration of salmon smolts from Cle Elum Reservoir, (7) frequency of beneficial overbank flooding, (8) frequency of damaging flood events, (9) total deliverable water supply, (10) total water supply deliverable to junior water rights holders, (11) end-of-year reservoir carryover, (12) potential fine sediment transport rates, (13) frequency of events capable of armor layer disruption, and (14) geomorphic work performed during each water year. Output of the YRDSS consists of a series of conditionally formatted scoring tables, wherein the changes to a state variable resulting from an operational scenario are compiled and summarized. Increases in the values for state variables result in their respective backgrounds to turn green in the scoring matrix, whereas decreases in the values for state variables result in their respective backgrounds turning red. This convention was designed to provide decision makers with a quick visual assessment of the overall results of an operating scenario. An evaluation matrix and a variety of weighting strategies to reflect the relative importance of different state variables are also presented as options for further distillation of YRDSS results during the decision-making process.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081251","usgsCitation":"Bovee, K.D., Waddle, T.J., Talbert, C., Hatten, J.R., and Batt, T.R., 2008, Development and Application of a Decision Support System for Water Management Investigations in the Upper Yakima River, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1251, xviii, 289 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081251.","productDescription":"xviii, 289 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11705,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1251/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,46 ], [ -121.75,47.5 ], [ -119,47.5 ], [ -119,46 ], [ -121.75,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6672ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddle, Terry J.","contributorId":43430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbert, Colin talbertc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbert","given":"Colin","email":"talbertc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatten, James R. 0000-0003-4676-8093 jhatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-8093","contributorId":3431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"James","email":"jhatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Batt, Thomas R. tbatt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batt","given":"Thomas","email":"tbatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193771,"text":"70193771 - 2008 - Estimation of bedrock depth using the horizontal‐to‐vertical (H/V) ambient‐noise seismic method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T12:15:27","indexId":"70193771","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimation of bedrock depth using the horizontal‐to‐vertical (H/V) ambient‐noise seismic method","docAbstract":"Estimating sediment thickness and the geometry of the bedrock surface is a key component of many hydrogeologic studies. The horizontal‐to‐vertical (H/V) ambient‐noise seismic method is a novel, non‐invasive technique that can be used to rapidly estimate the depth to bedrock. The H/V method uses a single, broad‐band three‐component seismometer to record ambient seismic noise. The ratio of the averaged horizontal‐to‐vertical frequency spectrum is used to determine the fundamental site resonance frequency, which can be interpreted using regression equations to estimate sediment thickness and depth to bedrock. The U.S. Geological Survey used the H/V seismic method during fall 2007 at 11 sites in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and 13 sites in eastern Nebraska. In Cape Cod, H/V measurements were acquired along a 60‐kilometer (km) transect between Chatham and Provincetown, where glacial sediments overlie metamorphic rock. In Nebraska, H/V measurements were acquired along approximately 11‐ and 14‐km transects near Firth and Oakland, respectively, where glacial sediments overlie weathered sedimentary rock. The ambient‐noise seismic data from Cape Cod produced clear, easily identified resonance frequency peaks. The interpreted depth and geometry of the bedrock surface correlate well with boring data and previously published seismic refraction surveys. Conversely, the ambient‐noise seismic data from eastern Nebraska produced subtle resonance frequency peaks, and correlation of the interpreted bedrock surface with bedrock depths from borings is poor, which may indicate a low acoustic impedance contrast between the weathered sedimentary rock and overlying sediments and/or the effect of wind noise on the seismic records. Our results indicate the H/V ambient‐noise seismic method can be used effectively to estimate the depth to rock where there is a significant acoustic impedance contrast between the sediments and underlying rock. However, effective use of the method is challenging in the presence of gradational contacts such as gradational weathering or cementation. Further work is needed to optimize interpretation of resonance frequencies in the presence of extreme wind noise. In addition, local estimates of bedrock depth likely could be improved through development of regional or study‐area‐specific regression equations relating resonance frequency to bedrock depth.
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