The development of new tools that provide timely, detailed-spatial-resolution drought information is essential for improving drought preparedness and response. This paper presents a new method for monitoring drought-induced vegetation stress called the Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI). VegDRI integrates traditional climate-based drought indicators and satellite-derived vegetation index metrics with other biophysical information to produce a 1 km map of drought conditions that can be produced in near-real time. The initial VegDRI map results for a 2002 case study conducted across seven states in the north-central United States illustrates the utility of VegDRI for improved large-area drought monitoring.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/1548-1603.45.1.16","issn":"15481603","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.F., Wardlow, B., Tadesse, T., Hayes, M., and Reed, B., 2008, The Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI): A new integrated approach for monitoring drought stress in vegetation: GIScience and Remote Sensing, v. 45, no. 1, p. 16-46, https://doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.45.1.16.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213287,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.45.1.16"},{"id":240897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba973e4b08c986b322299","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlow, B.D.","contributorId":51547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlow","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tadesse, T.","contributorId":57661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tadesse","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, M.J.","contributorId":56855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, B. C. 0000-0002-1132-7178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":55594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033654,"text":"70033654 - 2008 - Geochemical correlation and 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Kern River ash bed and related tephra layers: Implications for the stratigraphy of petroleum-bearing formations in the San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033654","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical correlation and 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Kern River ash bed and related tephra layers: Implications for the stratigraphy of petroleum-bearing formations in the San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"The Kern River ash (KRA) bed is a prominent tephra layer separating the K and G sands in the upper part of the Kern River Formation, a major petroleum-bearing formation in the southern San Joaquin Valley (SSJV) of California. The minimum age of the Kern River Formation was based on the tentative major-element correlation with the Bishop Tuff, a 0.759??0.002 Ma volcanic tephra layer erupted from the Long Valley Caldera. We report a 6.12??0.05 Ma 40Ar/39Ar date for the KRA, updated major-element correlations, trace-element correlations of the KRA and geochemically similar tephra, and a 6.0??0.2 Ma 40Ar/39Ar age for a tephra layer from the Volcano Hills/Silver Peak eruptive center in Nevada. Both major and trace-element correlations show that despite the similarity to the Bishop Tuff, the KRA correlates most closely with tephra from the Volcano Hills/Silver Peak eruptive center. This geochemical correlation is supported by the radiometric dates which are consistent with a correlation of the KRA to the Volcano Hills/Silver Peak center but not to the Bishop Tuff. The 6.12??0.05 Ma age for the KRA and the 6.0??0.2 Ma age for the tephra layer from the Volcano Hills/Silver Peak eruptive center suggest that the upper age of the Kern River Formation is over 5 Ma older than previously thought. Re-interpreted stratigraphy of the SSJV based on the new, significantly older age for the Kern River Formation opens up new opportunities for petroleum exploration in the SSJV and places better constraints on the tectonostratigraphic development of the SSJV. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2007.03.011","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Baron, D., Negrini, R., Golob, E., Miller, D., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., Fleck, R., Hacker, B., and Erendi, A., 2008, Geochemical correlation and 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Kern River ash bed and related tephra layers: Implications for the stratigraphy of petroleum-bearing formations in the San Joaquin Valley, California: Quaternary International, v. 178, no. 1, p. 246-260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.03.011.","startPage":"246","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214107,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.03.011"},{"id":241797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15fbe4b0c8380cd54ff6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, D.","contributorId":66074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Negrini, R.M.","contributorId":13049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Negrini","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golob, E.M.","contributorId":14207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golob","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Dick","contributorId":46054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Dick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":38750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fleck, R.J.","contributorId":25147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hacker, B.","contributorId":84172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hacker","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Erendi, A.","contributorId":21772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erendi","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70033372,"text":"70033372 - 2008 - Canopy structure and atmospheric flows in relation to the δ13C of respired CO2 in a subalpine coniferous forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T13:23:48","indexId":"70033372","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Canopy structure and atmospheric flows in relation to the δ13C of respired CO2 in a subalpine coniferous forest","docAbstract":"Stable isotopes provide insight into ecosystem carbon cycling, plant physiological processes, atmospheric boundary-layer dynamics, and are useful for the integration of processes over multiple scales. Of particular interest is the carbon isotope content (δ13C) of nocturnal ecosystem-respired CO2 (δR). Recent advances in technology have made it possible to continuously examine the variation in δR within a forest canopy over relatively long time-scales (months–years). We used tunable diode laser spectroscopy to examine δR at within- and below-canopy spatial locations in a Colorado subalpine forest (the Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux site). We found a systematic pattern of increased δR within the forest canopy (δR-c) compared to that near the ground (δR-g). Values of δR-c were weakly correlated with the previous day's mean maximum daytime vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Conversely, there was a negative but still weak correlation between δR-g and time-lagged (0–5 days) daily mean soil moisture. The topography and presence of sustained nightly drainage flows at the Niwot Ridge forest site suggests that, on nights with stable atmospheric conditions, there is little mixing of air near the ground with that in the canopy. Atmospheric stability was assessed using thresholds of friction velocity, stability above the canopy, and bulk Richardson number within the canopy. When we selectively calculated δR-g and δR-c by removing time periods when ground and canopy air were well mixed, we found stronger correlations between δR-c and VPD, and δR-g and soil moisture. This suggests that there may be fundamental differences in the environmental controls on δR at sub-canopy spatial scales. These results may help explain the wide variance observed in the correlation of δR with different environmental parameters in other studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.11.003","issn":"01681923","usgsCitation":"Schaeffer, S.M., Anderson, D.E., Burns, S.P., Monson, R.K., Sun, J., and Bowling, D.R., 2008, Canopy structure and atmospheric flows in relation to the δ13C of respired CO2 in a subalpine coniferous forest: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 148, no. 4, p. 592-605, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.11.003.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"592","endPage":"605","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.11.003"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"148","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f345e4b0c8380cd4b6df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaeffer, Sean M.","contributorId":30891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Dean E. deander@usgs.gov","contributorId":662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Dean","email":"deander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":440554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, Sean P.","contributorId":98921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monson, Russell K.","contributorId":48136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bowling, David R.","contributorId":48395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowling","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033601,"text":"70033601 - 2008 - Temporal and spatial structure in a daily wildfire-start data set from the western United States (198696)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033601","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial structure in a daily wildfire-start data set from the western United States (198696)","docAbstract":"The temporal and spatial structure of 332 404 daily fire-start records from the western United States for the period 1986 through 1996 is illustrated using several complimentary visualisation techniques. We supplement maps and time series plots with Hovmo??ller diagrams that reduce the spatial dimensionality of the daily data in order to reveal the underlying space?time structure. The mapped distributions of all lightning- and human-started fires during the 11-year interval show similar first-order patterns that reflect the broad-scale distribution of vegetation across the West and the annual cycle of climate. Lightning-started fires are concentrated in the summer half-year and occur in widespread outbreaks that last a few days and reflect coherent weather-related controls. In contrast, fires started by humans occur throughout the year and tend to be concentrated in regions surrounding large-population centres or intensive-agricultural areas. Although the primary controls of human-started fires are their location relative to burnable fuel and the level of human activity, spatially coherent, weather-related variations in their incidence can also be noted. ?? IAWF 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF07022","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Bartlein, P., Hostetler, S.W., Shafer, S., Holman, J., and Solomon, A., 2008, Temporal and spatial structure in a daily wildfire-start data set from the western United States (198696): International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 17, no. 1, p. 8-17, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF07022.","startPage":"8","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214226,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF07022"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4f3e4b08c986b3206c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafer, S.L.","contributorId":26789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holman, J.O.","contributorId":11708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holman","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Solomon, A.M.","contributorId":71721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033741,"text":"70033741 - 2008 - Adherence of Myxobolus cerebralis myxospores to waders: Implications for disease dissemination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033741","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adherence of Myxobolus cerebralis myxospores to waders: Implications for disease dissemination","docAbstract":"The vectors involved in the spread of whirling disease, which is caused by Myxobolus cerebralis, are only partly understood. However, the parasite has rapidly become established in many regions, suggesting that it is easily disseminated. We gained insight into transport vectors by examining the surface porosity of common wading equipment materials and the adherence of M. cerebralis myxospores to them. Interstitial spaces within rubber, felt, lightweight nylon, and neoprene were measured on scanning electron microscope images. Myxospores were applied to each material, the material was rinsed, and the myxospores recovered to assess adherence. The mean interstitial space size of rubber was the smallest (2.0 ??m), whereas that of felt was the largest (31.3 ??m). The highest recovery rates were from rubber and the glass control. Percent myxospore recovery varied by material, the recovery from felt being lower than that from all other materials. The potential for felt to carry even small numbers of myxospores suggests that the introduction of M. cerebralis by felt-soled wading boots is possible. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M08-025.1","issn":"02755","usgsCitation":"Gates, K., Guy, C., Zale, A., and Horton, T., 2008, Adherence of Myxobolus cerebralis myxospores to waders: Implications for disease dissemination: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 5, p. 1453-1458, https://doi.org/10.1577/M08-025.1.","startPage":"1453","endPage":"1458","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214347,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M08-025.1"},{"id":242067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6f4e4b0c8380cd4774b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gates, K.K.","contributorId":47182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, C.S.","contributorId":59160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zale, A.V.","contributorId":15793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"A.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, T.B.","contributorId":22162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033678,"text":"70033678 - 2008 - Cadmium biodynamics in the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus and its implications for trophic transfer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033678","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cadmium biodynamics in the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus and its implications for trophic transfer","docAbstract":"It has become increasingly apparent that diet can be a major source of trace metal bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms. In this study, we examined cadmium uptake, efflux, and subcellular compartmentalization dynamics in the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. L. variegatus is an important component of freshwater food webs in Europe and North America and is potentially useful as a standard food source for laboratory-based trophic transfer studies. Cadmium accumulation and depuration were each followed for 10 days. Rate constants of uptake (ku) and efflux (ke) were estimated and subcellular Cd compartmentalization was followed over the course of uptake and efflux. The partitioning of Cd into operationally-defined subcellular compartments was relatively consistent throughout the 20-day experiment, with the majority of Cd accumulating in the cytosol. No major changes in Cd compartmentalization were observed over uptake or depuration, but there appeared to be some exchange between heat-stable and heat-labile cytosolic protein fractions. Cadmium accumulation from solution was strongly affected by ambient calcium concentrations, suggesting competition between Cd and Ca for uptake sites. Finally, we demonstrate the ability to manipulate the whole body calcium content of L. variegatus as a potential tool for examining calcium influences on dietary Cd dynamics. The potential for this species to be an important conduit of Cd to higher trophic levels is discussed, along with its potential as a standardized food source in metal trophic transfer studies. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.11.008","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Xie, L., Lambert, D., Martin, C., Cain, D., Luoma, S., and Buchwalter, D., 2008, Cadmium biodynamics in the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus and its implications for trophic transfer: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 86, no. 2, p. 265-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.11.008.","startPage":"265","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214465,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.11.008"},{"id":242193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2ece4b0c8380cd4b4ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xie, Lingtian","contributorId":65209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xie","given":"Lingtian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambert, D.","contributorId":31591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, C.","contributorId":57282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buchwalter, D.","contributorId":96909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwalter","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033294,"text":"70033294 - 2008 - Modeling soil moisture processes and recharge under a melting snowpack","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:12:16","indexId":"70033294","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling soil moisture processes and recharge under a melting snowpack","docAbstract":"Recharge into granitic bedrock under a melting snowpack is being investigated as part of a study designed to understand hydrologic processes involving snow at Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Snowpack measurements, accompanied by water content and matric potential measurements of the soil under the snowpack, allowed for estimates of infiltration into the soil during snowmelt and percolation into the bedrock. During portions of the snowmelt period, infiltration rates into the soil exceeded the permeability of the bedrock and caused ponding to be sustained at the soil-bedrock interface. During a 5-d period with little measured snowmelt, drainage of the ponded water into the underlying fractured granitic bedrock was estimated to be 1.6 cm d?1, which is used as an estimate of bedrock permeability. The numerical simulator TOUGH2 was used to reproduce the field data and evaluate the potential for vertical flow into the fractured bedrock or lateral flow at the bedrock-soil interface. During most of the snowmelt season, the snowmelt rates were near or below the bedrock permeability. The field data and model results support the notion that snowmelt on the shallow soil overlying low permeability bedrock becomes direct infiltration unless the snowmelt rate greatly exceeds the bedrock permeability. Late in the season, melt rates are double that of the bedrock permeability (although only for a few days) and may tend to move laterally at the soil-bedrock interface downgradient and contribute directly to streamflow. ?? Soil Science Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Vadose Zone Journal","language":"English","doi":"10.2136/vzj2006.0135","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.L., Flint, L.E., and Dettinger, M.D., 2008, Modeling soil moisture processes and recharge under a melting snowpack, in Vadose Zone Journal, v. 7, no. 1, p. 350-357, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0135.","startPage":"350","endPage":"357","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213193,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0135"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c2be4b0c8380cd6fab8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, L. E. 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":38180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033763,"text":"70033763 - 2008 - Response in the water quality of the Salton Sea, California, to changes in phosphorus loading: An empirical modeling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:19:06","indexId":"70033763","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response in the water quality of the Salton Sea, California, to changes in phosphorus loading: An empirical modeling approach","docAbstract":"Salton Sea, California, like many other lakes, has become eutrophic because of excessive nutrient loading, primarily phosphorus (P). A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) is being prepared for P to reduce the input of P to the Sea. In order to better understand how P-load reductions should affect the average annual water quality of this terminal saline lake, three different eutrophication programs (BATHTUB, WiLMS, and the Seepage Lake Model) were applied. After verifying that specific empirical models within these programs were applicable to this saline lake, each model was calibrated using water-quality and nutrient-loading data for 1999 and then used to simulate the effects of specific P-load reductions. Model simulations indicate that a 50% decrease in external P loading would decrease near-surface total phosphorus concentrations (TP) by 25-50%. Application of other empirical models demonstrated that this decrease in loading should decrease near-surface chlorophyll a concentrations (Chl a) by 17-63% and increase Secchi depths (SD) by 38-97%. The wide range in estimated responses in Chl a and SD were primarily caused by uncertainty in how non-algal turbidity would respond to P-load reductions. If only the models most applicable to the Salton Sea are considered, a 70-90% P-load reduction is required for the Sea to be classified as moderately eutrophic (trophic state index of 55). These models simulate steady-state conditions in the Sea; therefore, it is difficult to ascertain how long it would take for the simulated changes to occur after load reductions. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-008-9321-4","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., and Schladow, S., 2008, Response in the water quality of the Salton Sea, California, to changes in phosphorus loading: An empirical modeling approach: Hydrobiologia, v. 604, no. 1, p. 5-19, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9321-4.","startPage":"5","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9321-4"}],"volume":"604","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa12e4b0c8380cd8611d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schladow, S.G.","contributorId":92791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schladow","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033714,"text":"70033714 - 2008 - Variability of passive gas emissions, seismicity, and deformation during crater lake growth at White Island Volcano, New Zealand, 2002-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-04T10:27:32","indexId":"70033714","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of passive gas emissions, seismicity, and deformation during crater lake growth at White Island Volcano, New Zealand, 2002-2006","docAbstract":"We report on 4 years of airborne measurements of CO2, SO2, and H2S emission rates during a quiescent period at White Island volcano, New Zealand, beginning in 2003. During this time a significant crater lake emerged, allowing scrubbig processes to be investigated. CO2 emissions varied from a baseline of 250 to >2000 t d-1 and demonstrated clear annual cycling that was consistent with numbers of earthquake detections and annual changes in sea level. The annual variability was found to be most likely related to increases in the strain on the volcano during sea level highs, temporarily causing fractures to reduce in size in the upper conduit. SO2 emissions varied from 0 to >400 t d-1 and were clearly affected by scrubbing processes within the first year of take development. Scrubbing caused increases of SO42- and Cl- in lake waters, and the ratio of carbon to total sulphur suggested that elemental sulphur deposition was also significant in the lake during the first year. Careful measurements of the lake level and chemistry allowed estimates of the rate of H2O(g) and HCl(g) input into the lake and suggested that the molar abundances of major gas species (H2O, CO2, SO2, and HCl) during this quiescent phase were similar to fumarolic ratios observed between earlier eruptive periods. The volume of magma estimated from CO2 emissions (0.0 15-0.04 km3) was validated by Cl- increases in the lake, suggesting that the gas and magma are transported from deep to shallow depths as a closed system and likely become open in the upper conduit region. The absence of surface deformation further leads to a necessity of magma convection to supply and remove magma from the degassing depths. Two models of convection configurations are discussed. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JB005094","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Werner, C., Hurst, T., Scott, B., Sherburn, S., Christenson, B., Britten, K., Cole-Baker, J., and Mullan, B., 2008, Variability of passive gas emissions, seismicity, and deformation during crater lake growth at White Island Volcano, New Zealand, 2002-2006: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 113, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005094.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214468,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005094"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc13ae4b08c986b32a4be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, C.","contributorId":72917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurst, T.","contributorId":35556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurst","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, B.","contributorId":76560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherburn, S.","contributorId":31175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherburn","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christenson, B.W.","contributorId":104678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Britten, K.","contributorId":23775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britten","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cole-Baker, J.","contributorId":41232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole-Baker","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mullan, B.","contributorId":17437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullan","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70186983,"text":"70186983 - 2008 - A low intensity sampling method for assessing blue crab abundance at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge and preliminary results on the relationship of blue crab abundance to whooping crane winter mortality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T12:56:58","indexId":"70186983","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A low intensity sampling method for assessing blue crab abundance at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge and preliminary results on the relationship of blue crab abundance to whooping crane winter mortality","docAbstract":"We sampled blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) in marshes on the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas from 1997 to 2005 to determine whether whooping crane (Grus americana) mortality was related to the availability of this food source. For four years, 1997 - 2001, we sampled monthly from the fall through the spring. From these data, we developed a reduced sampling effort method that adequately characterized crab abundance and reduced the potential for disturbance to the cranes. Four additional years of data were collected with the reduced sampling effort methods. Yearly variation in crab numbers was high, ranging from a low of 0.1 crabs to a high of 3.4 crabs per 100-m transect section. Mortality among adult cranes was inversely related to crab abundance. We found no relationship between crab abundance and mortality among juvenile cranes, possibly as a result of a smaller population size of juveniles compared to adults.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the tenth North American crane workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Tenth North American Crane Workshop","conferenceDate":"February 7-10, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Zacatecas City, Mexico","language":"English","publisher":"North American Crane Working Group","isbn":"978-0-9659324-1-7","usgsCitation":"Pugesek, B.H., Baldwin, M., and Stehn, T., 2008, A low intensity sampling method for assessing blue crab abundance at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge and preliminary results on the relationship of blue crab abundance to whooping crane winter mortality, in Proceedings of the tenth North American crane workshop, Zacatecas City, Mexico, February 7-10, 2006, p. 13-24.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"24","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain 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A.","contributorId":43748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194292,"text":"70194292 - 2008 - Opaline silica in young deposits on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:25:54","indexId":"70194292","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Opaline silica in young deposits on Mars","docAbstract":"High spatial and spectral resolution reflectance data acquired by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instrument reveal the presence of H2O- and SiOH-bearing phases on the Martian surface. The spectra are most consistent with opaline silica and glass altered to various degrees, confirming predictions based on geochemical experiments and models that amorphous silica should be a common weathering product of the basaltic Martian crust. These materials are associated with hydrated Fe sulfates, including H3O-bearing jarosite, and are found in finely stratified deposits exposed on the floor of and on the plains surrounding the Valles Marineris canyon system. Stratigraphic relationships place the formation age of these deposits in the late Hesperian or possibly the Amazonian, implying that aqueous alteration continued to be an important and regionally extensive process on Mars during that time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G24967A.1","usgsCitation":"Milliken, R.E., Swayze, G.A., Arvidson, R.E., Bishop, J., Clark, R.N., Ehlmann, B.L., Green, R., Grotzinger, J., Morris, R., Murchie, S.L., Mustard, J.F., and Weitz, C., 2008, Opaline silica in young deposits on Mars: Geology, v. 36, no. 11, p. 847-850, https://doi.org/10.1130/G24967A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"850","ipdsId":"IP-005006","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610f8ee4b06e28e9c257df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milliken, Ralph E.","contributorId":113334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milliken","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arvidson, Raymond E.","contributorId":106626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arvidson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bishop, Janice L","contributorId":156315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Janice L","affiliations":[{"id":20310,"text":"SETI Institute, 89 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA, USA 94043","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ehlmann, Bethany L. 0000-0002-2745-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-3240","contributorId":147154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"Bethany","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Green, Robert O.","contributorId":56271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Robert O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grotzinger, John P.","contributorId":22247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"John P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":173327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27209,"text":"NASA Johnson Space Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Murchie, Scott L. 0000-0002-1616-8751","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1616-8751","contributorId":189161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murchie","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36717,"text":"Johns Hopkins University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mustard, John F.","contributorId":189152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mustard","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Weitz, C.","contributorId":107409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weitz","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70033403,"text":"70033403 - 2008 - Association among active seafloor deformation, mound formation, and gas hydrate growth and accumulation within the seafloor of the Santa Monica Basin, offshore California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033403","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association among active seafloor deformation, mound formation, and gas hydrate growth and accumulation within the seafloor of the Santa Monica Basin, offshore California","docAbstract":"Seafloor blister-like mounds, methane migration and gas hydrate formation were investigated through detailed seafloor surveys in Santa Monica Basin, offshore of Los Angeles, California. Two distinct deep-water (??? 800??m water depth) topographic mounds were surveyed using an autonomous underwater vehicle (carrying a multibeam sonar and a chirp sub-bottom profiler) and one of these was explored with the remotely operated vehicle Tiburon. The mounds are > 10??m high and > 100??m wide dome-shaped bathymetric features. These mounds protrude from crests of broad anticlines (~ 20??m high and 1 to 3??km long) formed within latest Quaternary-aged seafloor sediment associated with compression between lateral offsets in regional faults. No allochthonous sediments were observed on the mounds, except slumped material off the steep slopes of the mounds. Continuous streams of methane gas bubbles emanate from the crest of the northeastern mound, and extensive methane-derived authigenic carbonate pavements and chemosynthetic communities mantle the mound surface. The large local vertical displacements needed to produce these mounds suggests a corresponding net mass accumulation has occurred within the immediate subsurface. Formation and accumulation of pure gas hydrate lenses in the subsurface is proposed as a mechanism to blister the seafloor and form these mounds. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2008.01.011","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Paull, C.K., Normark, W.R., Ussler, W., Caress, D., and Keaten, R., 2008, Association among active seafloor deformation, mound formation, and gas hydrate growth and accumulation within the seafloor of the Santa Monica Basin, offshore California: Marine Geology, v. 250, no. 3-4, p. 258-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.01.011.","startPage":"258","endPage":"275","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213169,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.01.011"},{"id":240767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"250","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee8de4b0c8380cd49e07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ussler, W. III","contributorId":101048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ussler","given":"W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caress, D.W.","contributorId":14201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caress","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keaten, R.","contributorId":62839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keaten","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033402,"text":"70033402 - 2008 - Near-surface location, geometry, and velocities of the Santa Monica Fault Zone, Los Angeles, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T14:58:48","indexId":"70033402","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near-surface location, geometry, and velocities of the Santa Monica Fault Zone, Los Angeles, California","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic-reflection and seismic-refraction imaging, combined with existing borehole, earthquake, and paleoseismic trenching data, suggest that the Santa Monica fault zone in Los Angeles consists of multiple strands from several kilometers depth to the near surface. We interpret our seismic data as showing two shallow-depth low-angle fault strands and multiple near-vertical (???85??) faults in the upper 100 m. One of the low-angle faults dips northward at about 28?? and approaches the surface at the base of a topographic scarp on the grounds of the Wadsworth VA Hospital (WVAH). The other principal low-angle fault dips northward at about 20?? and projects toward the surface about 200 m south of the topographic scarp, near the northernmost areas of the Los Angeles Basin that experienced strong shaking during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The 20?? north-dipping low-angle fault is also apparent on a previously published seismic-reflection image by Pratt et al. (1998) and appears to extend northward to at least Wilshire Boulevard, where the fault may be about 450 m below the surface. Slip rates determined at the WVAH site could be significantly underestimated if it is assumed that slip occurs only on a single strand of the Santa Monica fault or if it is assumed that the near-surface faults dip at angles greater than 20-28??. At the WVAH, tomographic velocity modeling shows a significant decrease in velocity across near-surface strands of the Santa Monica fault. P-wave velocities range from about 500 m/sec at the surface to about 4500 m/sec within the upper 50 m on the north side of the fault zone at WVAH, but maximum measured velocities on the south side of the low-angle fault zone at WVAH are about 3500 m/sec. These refraction velocities compare favorably with velocities measured in nearby boreholes by Gibbs et al. (2000). This study illustrates the utility of com- bined seismic-reflection and seismic-refraction methods, which allow more accurate reflection imaging and compositional estimations across areas with highly variable velocities, a property that is characteristic of most fault zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120020231","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Gandhok, G., Goldman, M.R., Okaya, D., Rymer, M.J., and Bawden, G., 2008, Near-surface location, geometry, and velocities of the Santa Monica Fault Zone, Los Angeles, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 1, p. 124-138, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020231.","startPage":"124","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213168,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120020231"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6407e4b0c8380cd72820","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gandhok, G.","contributorId":47423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gandhok","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, M. R.","contributorId":106934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okaya, D.","contributorId":45874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rymer, M. J.","contributorId":90694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bawden, G.W.","contributorId":61139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70194438,"text":"70194438 - 2008 - Birds of the US-Mexico borderlands: Distribution, ecology and conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-28T10:32:11","indexId":"70194438","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Birds of the US-Mexico borderlands: Distribution, ecology and conservation","docAbstract":"The concept for this volume began as a scientifi c symposium at the North American Ornithological Conference (NAOC) in Veracruz, Mexico in October 2006. The symposium was entitled “Avian Distributional Change, Anthropogenic Challenges, and Recent Avian Research and Technological Advances within the US–Mexico Border Region,” and was cochaired by two of us (DJK and TB) along with Carol Beardmore (Sonoran Joint Venture) and Bill Howe (USDI Fish and Wildlife Service). In light of the importance of the borderland region for birds and bird conservation, and because of the great need for additional information about this poorly studied region, we have compiled this volume to present new information about bird distribution, ecology, and conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","isbn":"978-0-943610-84-9","usgsCitation":"2008, Birds of the US-Mexico borderlands: Distribution, ecology and conservation: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 37, 165 p.","productDescription":"165 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349422,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/3800"}],"volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610f8ee4b06e28e9c257dd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ruth, Janet M. 0000-0003-1576-5957 janet_ruth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-5957","contributorId":1408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"Janet","email":"janet_ruth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723790,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brush, Tim","contributorId":175191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brush","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723791,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krueper, David J.","contributorId":103752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueper","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723792,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032238,"text":"70032238 - 2008 - Multi-residue method for the analysis of 85 current-use and legacy pesticides in bed and suspended sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T07:52:00","indexId":"70032238","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2214,"text":"Journal of Chromatography A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-residue method for the analysis of 85 current-use and legacy pesticides in bed and suspended sediments","docAbstract":"A multi-residue method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 85 current-use and legacy organochlorine pesticides in a single sediment sample. After microwave-assisted extraction, clean-up of samples was optimized using gel permeation chromatography and either stacked carbon and alumina solid-phase extraction cartridges or a deactivated Florisil column. Analytes were determined by gas chromatography with ion-trap mass spectrometry and electron capture detection. Method detection limits ranged from 0.6 to 8.9 ??g/kg dry weight. Bed and suspended sediments from a variety of locations were analyzed to validate the method and 29 pesticides, including at least 1 from every class, were detected.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.023","issn":"00219","usgsCitation":"Smalling, K., and Kuivila, K., 2008, Multi-residue method for the analysis of 85 current-use and legacy pesticides in bed and suspended sediments: Journal of Chromatography A, v. 1210, no. 1, p. 8-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.023.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215011,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.023"}],"volume":"1210","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fbee4b0c8380cd710ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smalling, K.L.","contributorId":66068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032307,"text":"70032307 - 2008 - Scaling hyporheic exchange and its influence on biogeochemical reactions in aquatic ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:19:18","indexId":"70032307","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling hyporheic exchange and its influence on biogeochemical reactions in aquatic ecosystems","docAbstract":"Hyporheic exchange and biogeochemical reactions are difficult to quantify because of the range in fluid‐flow and sediment conditions inherent to streams, wetlands, and nearshore marine ecosystems. Field measurements of biogeochemical reactions in aquatic systems are impeded by the difficulty of measuring hyporheic flow simultaneously with chemical gradients in sediments. Simplified models of hyporheic exchange have been developed using Darcy's law generated by flow and bed topography at the sediment‐water interface. However, many modes of transport are potentially involved (molecular diffusion, bioturbation, advection, shear, bed mobility, and turbulence) with even simple models being difficult to apply in complex natural systems characterized by variable sediment sizes and irregular bed geometries. In this study, we synthesize information from published hyporheic exchange investigations to develop a scaling relationship for estimating mass transfer in near‐surface sediments across a range in fluid‐flow and sediment conditions. Net hyporheic exchange was quantified using an effective diffusion coefficient (De) that integrates all of the various transport processes that occur simultaneously in sediments, and dimensional analysis was used to scale De to shear stress velocity, roughness height, and permeability that describe fluid‐flow and sediment characteristics. We demonstrated the value of the derived scaling relationship by using it to quantify dissolved oxygen (DO) uptake rates on the basis of DO profiles in sediments and compared them to independent flux measurements. The results support a broad application of the De scaling relationship for quantifying coupled hyporheic exchange and biogeochemical reaction rates in streams and other aquatic ecosystems characterized by complex fluid‐flow and sediment conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007160","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, B.L., and Harvey, J.W., 2008, Scaling hyporheic exchange and its influence on biogeochemical reactions in aquatic ecosystems: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 12, Article W12423; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007160.","productDescription":"Article W12423; 17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8714e4b08c986b3162d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, Ben L.","contributorId":38872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030548,"text":"70030548 - 2008 - High-resolution foraminiferal, isotopic, and trace element records from holocene estuarine deposits of San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030548","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"High-resolution foraminiferal, isotopic, and trace element records from holocene estuarine deposits of San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"A 3.5-m gravity core (DJ6-93SF-6) from San Francisco Bay reveals a complex paleoclimatic history of the region over the last 3870 cal YBP. A polynomial equation based on 11 AMS 14C ages provides an excellent age model for the core, and environmental proxies for water temperature and salinity are derived from various foraminiferal abundances, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, and Mg/Ca ratios. Two foraminiferal associations were identified by Q-mode cluster analysis: a colder-water Elphidium excavatum association and the warmer-water Ammonia beccarii-Elphidium gunteri association. The E. excavatum association dominates the core for all but about 600 years out of the last four millennia. At 3870 cal YBP, water temperatures were warm (13.9??C) and freshwater inflow was reduced compared with today. From 3590 to 2860 cal YBP, temperatures dropped 0.5??C and the climate remained dry. This was followed by a period of pronounced lower ??13C values, indicating that conditions became considerably wetter from 2860 to 2170 cal YBP. During this interval, the temperature oscillated frequently, peaking at 13.9??C at 2710 cal YBP, then dropping shortly thereafter to 12.8??C at 2420 cal YBP. Freshwater inflow gradually decreased between 2170 and 1950 cal YBP with a minimal rise in temperature, then changed quickly to colder and wetter conditions at 1900 cal YBP. Drier conditions then prevailed until 1480 cal YBP with water temperatures fluctuating between 13.1??C and 13.8??C, followed by wetter climate from 1480 to 1320 cal YBP. A significant faunal shift from the E. excavatum association to the A. beccarii-E. gunteri association occurred from 1250 to 650 cal YBP, possibly due to regional warming, decreased oxygen availability, and/or a change in the phyto-plankton community. Associated with this change in faunal composition were warm and dry conditions, representative of the Medieval Warm Period (Medieval Climatic Anomaly). A climatic shift coincident with the onset of the Little Ice Age (LIA I and LIA II) is evident from 650 to 280 cal YBP, with the return of the E. excavatum association and an extreme drop in ??18O values, all indicating increased precipitation and fresh water inflow. This was followed by generally drier conditions to the present, except for a brief wet period around 100 cal YBP, and fairly consistent water temperatures in the middle 13??C, except for a drop to 12.8??C at 200 cal YBP. Two significant faunal changes occur near the top of the core. First, there is the reappearance of the A. beccarii-E. gunteri association, suggesting that, once again, regional warming has taken place, oxygen availability has declined, and/or environmental conditions changed such that diatoms have become a scarce food source. Second, there is the first appearance of the invasive Japanese foraminifera Trochammina hadai Uchio, a species that commonly lives in highly polluted areas and is an indicator of eutrophication in its native estuaries. At the same time, freshwater inflow decreased, which may be explained by global warming during the last 100 years, or more likely due to modern water diversion for agriculture in the central valley of California. ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS: Climate, San Francisco Bay, Holocene, foraminifers, isotopes, trace metals, Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","language":"English","doi":"10.2112/08A-0003.1","issn":"07490","usgsCitation":"McGann, M., 2008, High-resolution foraminiferal, isotopic, and trace element records from holocene estuarine deposits of San Francisco Bay, California, in Journal of Coastal Research, v. 24, no. 5, p. 1092-1109, https://doi.org/10.2112/08A-0003.1.","startPage":"1092","endPage":"1109","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211756,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/08A-0003.1"},{"id":239107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3100e4b0c8380cd5db52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGann, M. 0000-0002-3057-2945","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":49125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030676,"text":"70030676 - 2008 - An assessment of the effects of cell size on AGNPS modeling of watershed runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030676","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of the effects of cell size on AGNPS modeling of watershed runoff","docAbstract":"This study investigates the changes in simulated watershed runoff from the Agricultural NonPoint Source (AGNPS) pollution model as a function of model input cell size resolution for eight different cell sizes (30 m, 60 m, 120 m, 210 m, 240 m, 480 m, 960 m, and 1920 m) for the Little River Watershed (Georgia, USA). Overland cell runoff (area-weighted cell runoff), total runoff volume, clustering statistics, and hot spot patterns were examined for the different cell sizes and trends identified. Total runoff volumes decreased with increasing cell size. Using data sets of 210-m cell size or smaller in conjunction with a representative watershed boundary allows one to model the runoff volumes within 0.2 percent accuracy. The runoff clustering statistics decrease with increasing cell size; a cell size of 960 m or smaller is necessary to indicate significant high-runoff clustering. Runoff hot spot areas have a decreasing trend with increasing cell size; a cell size of 240 m or smaller is required to detect important hot spots. Conclusions regarding cell size effects on runoff estimation cannot be applied to local watershed areas due to the inconsistent changes of runoff volume with cell size; but, optimal cells sizes for clustering and hot spot analyses are applicable to local watershed areas due to the consistent trends.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1559/152304008786140542","issn":"15230","usgsCitation":"Wu, S., Usery, E., Finn, M., and Bosch, D., 2008, An assessment of the effects of cell size on AGNPS modeling of watershed runoff: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 35, no. 4, p. 265-278, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304008786140542.","startPage":"265","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212024,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304008786140542"},{"id":239427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea18e4b0c8380cd4861f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, S.-S.","contributorId":51714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"S.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, M.P.","contributorId":73246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bosch, D.D.","contributorId":10223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bosch","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030549,"text":"70030549 - 2008 - Chemical and mineralogical characteristics of French green clays used for healing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T09:21:51","indexId":"70030549","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and mineralogical characteristics of French green clays used for healing","docAbstract":"The worldwide emergence of infectious diseases, together with the increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, elevate the need to properly detect, prevent, and effectively treat these infections. The overuse and misuse of common antibiotics in recent decades stimulates the need to identify new inhibitory agents. Therefore, natural products like clays, that display antibacterial properties, are of particular interest.
The absorptive properties of clay minerals are well documented for healing skin and gastrointestinal ailments. However, the antibacterial properties of clays have received less scientific attention. French green clays have recently been shown to heal Buruli ulcer, a necrotic or ‘flesh-eating’ infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Assessing the antibacterial properties of these clays could provide an inexpensive treatment for Buruli ulcer and other skin infections.
Antimicrobial testing of the two clays on a broad-spectrum of bacterial pathogens showed that one clay promotes bacterial growth (possibly provoking a response from the natural immune system), while another kills bacteria or significantly inhibits bacterial growth. This paper compares the mineralogy and chemical composition of the two French green clays used in the treatment of Buruli ulcer.
Mineralogically, the two clays are dominated by 1Md illite and Fe-smectite. Comparing the chemistry of the clay minerals and exchangeable ions, we conclude that the chemistry of the clay, and the surface properties that affect pH and oxidation state, control the chemistry of the water used to moisten the clay poultices and contribute the critical antibacterial agent(s) that ultimately debilitate the bacteria.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2008.0560405","usgsCitation":"Williams, L.B., Haydel, S.E., Giese, R.F., and Eberl, D.D., 2008, Chemical and mineralogical characteristics of French green clays used for healing: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 56, no. 4, p. 437-452, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2008.0560405.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"452","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2600539","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f549e4b0c8380cd4c161","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Lynda B.","contributorId":28007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Lynda","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haydel, Shelley E.","contributorId":105121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haydel","given":"Shelley","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giese, Rossman F.","contributorId":72589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giese","given":"Rossman","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030704,"text":"70030704 - 2008 - Families of miocene monterey crude oil, seep, and tarball samples, coastal California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030704","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Families of miocene monterey crude oil, seep, and tarball samples, coastal California","docAbstract":"Biomarker and stable carbon isotope ratios were used to infer the age, lithology, organic matter input, and depositional environment of the source rocks for 388 samples of produced crude oil, seep oil, and tarballs to better assess their origins and distributions in coastal California. These samples were used to construct a chemometric (multivariate statistical) decision tree to classify 288 additional samples. The results identify three tribes of 13C-rich oil samples inferred to originate from thermally mature equivalents of the clayey-siliceous, carbonaceous marl and lower calcareous-siliceous members of the Monterey Formation at Naples Beach near Santa Barbara. An attempt to correlate these families to rock extracts from these members in the nearby COST (continental offshore stratigraphic test) (OCS-Cal 78-164) well failed, at least in part because the rocks are thermally immature. Geochemical similarities among the oil tribes and their widespread distribution support the prograding margin model or the banktop-slope-basin model instead of the ridge-and-basin model for the deposition of the Monterey Formation. Tribe 1 contains four oil families having geochemical traits of clay-rich marine shale source rock deposited under suboxic conditions with substantial higher plant input. Tribe 2 contains four oil families with traits intermediate between tribes 1 and 3, except for abundant 28,30-bisnorhopane, indicating suboxic to anoxic marine marl source rock with hemipelagic input. Tribe 3 contains five oil families with traits of distal marine carbonate source rock deposited under anoxic conditions with pelagic but little or no higher plant input. Tribes 1 and 2 occur mainly south of Point Conception in paleogeographic settings where deep burial of the Monterey source rock favored petroleum generation from all three members or their equivalents. In this area, oil from the clayey-siliceous and carbonaceous marl members (tribes 1 and 2) may overwhelm that from the lower calcareous-siliceous member (tribe 3) because the latter is thinner and less oil-prone than the overlying members. Tribe 3 occurs mainly north of Point Conception where shallow burial caused preferential generation from the underlying lower calcareous-siliceous member or another unit with similar characteristics. In a test of the decision tree, 10 tarball samples collected from beaches in Monterey and San Mateo counties in early 2007 were found to originate from natural seeps representing different organofacies of Monterey Formation source rock instead from one anthropogenic pollution event. The seeps apparently became more active because of increased storm activity. Copyright ?? 2008. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/04180807113","issn":"01491","usgsCitation":"Peters, K.E., Hostettler, F., Lorenson, T., and Rosenbauer, R., 2008, Families of miocene monterey crude oil, seep, and tarball samples, coastal California: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 92, no. 9, p. 1131-1152, https://doi.org/10.1306/04180807113.","startPage":"1131","endPage":"1152","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211909,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/04180807113"}],"volume":"92","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ef5e4b0c8380cd536c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, K. E.","contributorId":17295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostettler, F. D.","contributorId":99563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenbauer, R.J.","contributorId":37320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}