{"pageNumber":"222","pageRowStart":"5525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10465,"records":[{"id":70032974,"text":"70032974 - 2009 - Impacts of weathered tire debris on the development of Rana sylvatica larvae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T07:40:00","indexId":"70032974","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of weathered tire debris on the development of Rana sylvatica larvae","docAbstract":"<p><span>Highway runoff has the potential to negatively impact receiving systems including stormwater retention ponds where highway particulate matter can accumulate following runoff events. Tire wear particles, which contain about 1% Zn by mass, make up approximately one-third of the vehicle derived particulates in highway runoff and therefore may serve as a stressor to organisms utilizing retention ponds as habitat. In this study, we focused on the potential contribution of tire debris to Zn accumulation by&nbsp;</span><i>Rana sylvatica</i><span>larvae and possible lethal or sublethal impacts resulting from exposure to weathered tire debris during development. Eggs and larvae were exposed to aged sediments (containing either ZnCl</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;or tire particulate matter, both providing nominal concentrations of 1000</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mg Zn kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) through metamorphosis. Water column Zn was elevated in both the ZnCl</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and tire treatments relative to the control treatment, indicating that aging allowed Zn leaching from tire debris to occur. Tissue Zn was also elevated for the ZnCl</span><sub>2</sub><span>and tire treatments indicating that Zn in the treatments was available for uptake by the amphibians. Exposure to both ZnCl</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and tire treatments increased the time for larvae to complete metamorphosis in comparison with controls. We also observed that the longer the organisms took to complete metamorphosis, the smaller their mass at metamorphosis. Our results indicate that Zn leached from aged tire debris is bioavailable to developing&nbsp;</span><i>R. sylvatica</i><span>larvae and that exposure to tire debris amended sediments can result in measurable physiological outcomes to wood frogs that may influence population dynamics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.056","issn":"00456","usgsCitation":"Camponelli, K., Casey, R., Snodgrass, J., Lev, S., and Landa, E.R., 2009, Impacts of weathered tire debris on the development of Rana sylvatica larvae: Chemosphere, v. 74, no. 5, p. 717-722, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.056.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"722","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213518,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.056"}],"volume":"74","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3902e4b0c8380cd61785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Camponelli, K.M.","contributorId":81699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camponelli","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casey, R.E.","contributorId":68543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snodgrass, J.W.","contributorId":39102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snodgrass","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lev, S.M.","contributorId":10230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lev","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032486,"text":"70032486 - 2009 - Hydrograph separation for karst watersheds using a two-domain rainfall-discharge model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032486","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrograph separation for karst watersheds using a two-domain rainfall-discharge model","docAbstract":"Highly parameterized, physically based models may be no more effective at simulating the relations between rainfall and outflow from karst watersheds than are simpler models. Here an antecedent rainfall and convolution model was used to separate a karst watershed hydrograph into two outflow components: one originating from focused recharge in conduits and one originating from slow flow in a porous annex system. In convolution, parameters of a complex system are lumped together in the impulse-response function (IRF), which describes the response of the system to an impulse of effective precipitation. Two parametric functions in superposition approximate the two-domain IRF. The outflow hydrograph can be separated into flow components by forward modeling with isolated IRF components, which provides an objective criterion for separation. As an example, the model was applied to a karst watershed in the Madison aquifer, South Dakota, USA. Simulation results indicate that this watershed is characterized by a flashy response to storms, with a peak response time of 1 day, but that 89% of the flow results from the slow-flow domain, with a peak response time of more than 1 year. This long response time may be the result of perched areas that store water above the main water table. Simulation results indicated that some aspects of the system are stationary but that nonlinearities also exist.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.001","issn":"00221","usgsCitation":"Long, A., 2009, Hydrograph separation for karst watersheds using a two-domain rainfall-discharge model: Journal of Hydrology, v. 364, no. 3-4, p. 249-256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.001.","startPage":"249","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213819,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.001"},{"id":241479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"364","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a34f6e4b0c8380cd5fb7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036630,"text":"70036630 - 2009 - Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:47:20","indexId":"70036630","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens","docAbstract":"Arc magmatism at subduction zones (SZs) most voluminously supplies juvenile igneous material to build rafts of continental and intra-oceanic or island arc (CIA) crust. Return or recycling of accumulated CIA material to the mantle is also most vigorous at SZs. Recycling is effected by the processes of sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and detachment and sinking of deeply underthrust sectors of CIA crust. Long-term (&gt;10-20 Ma) rates of additions and losses can be estimated from observational data gathered where oceanic crust underruns modern, long-running (Cenozoic to mid-Mesozoic) ocean-margin subduction zones (OMSZs, e.g. Aleutian and South America SZs). Long-term rates can also be observationally assessed at Mesozoic and older crust-suturing subduction zone (CSSZs) where thick bodies of CIA crust collided in tectonic contact (e.g. Wopmay and Appalachian orogens, India and SE Asia). At modern OMSZs arc magmatic additions at intra-oceanic arcs and at continental margins are globally estimated at c. 1.5 AU and c. 1.0 AU, respectively (1 AU, or Armstrong Unit,= 1 km<sup>3</sup> a<sup>-1</sup> of solid material). During collisional suturing at fossil CSSZs, global arc magmatic addition is estimated at 0.2 AU. This assessment presumes that in the past the global length of crustal collision zones averaged c. 6000 km, which is one-half that under way since the early Tertiary. The average long-term rate of arc magmatic additions extracted from modern OMSZs and older CSSZs is thus evaluated at 2.7 AU. Crustal recycling at Mesozoic and younger OMSZs is assessed at c. 60 km<sup>3</sup> Ma<sup>-1</sup> km<sup>-1</sup> (c. 60% by subduction erosion). The corresponding global recycling rate is c. 2.5 AU. At CSSZs of Mesozoic, Palaeozoic and Proterozoic age, the combined upper and lower plate losses of CIA crust via subduction erosion, sediment subduction, and lower plate crustal detachment and sinking are assessed far less securely at c. 115 km<sup>3</sup> Ma<sup>-1</sup> km<sup>-1</sup>. At a global length of 6000 km, recycling at CSSZs is accordingly c. 0.7 AU. The collective loss of CIA crust estimated for modern OMSZs and for older CSSZs is thus estimated at c. 3.2 AU. SZ additions (2.7 AU) and subtractions (23.2 AU) are similar. Because many uncertainties and assumptions are involved in assessing and applying them to the deep past, the net growth of CIA crust during at least Phanerozoic time is viewed as effectively nil. With increasing uncertainty, the long-term balance can be applied to the Proterozoic, but not before the initiation of the present style of subduction at c. 3 Ga. Allowing that since this time a rounded-down rate of recycling of 3 AU is applicable, a startlingly high volume of CIA crust equal to that existing now has been recycled to the mantle. Although the recycled volume (c. 9 ?? 10<sup>9</sup> km<sup>3</sup>) is small (c. 1%) compared with that of the mantle, it is large enough to impart to the mantle the signature of recycled CIA crust. Because subduction zones are not spatially fixed, and their average global lengths have episodically been less or greater than at present, recycling must have contributed significantly to creating recognized heterogeneities in mantle geochemistry. ?? The Geological Society of London 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1144/SP318.4","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D., and von Huene, R.E., 2009, Implications of estimated magmatic additions and recycling losses at the subduction zones of accretionary (non-collisional) and collisional (suturing) orogens: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 318, p. 105-125, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP318.4.","startPage":"105","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/SP318.4"}],"issue":"318","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3922e4b0c8380cd617f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035514,"text":"70035514 - 2009 - Impact of municipal wastewater effluent on seed bank response and soils excavated from a wetland impoundment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035514","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of municipal wastewater effluent on seed bank response and soils excavated from a wetland impoundment","docAbstract":"Intensive management of wetlands to improve wildlife habitat typically includes the manipulation of water depth, duration, and timing to promote desired vegetation communities. Increased societal, industrial, and agricultural demands for water may encourage the use of alternative sources such as wastewater effluents in managed wetlands. However, water quality is commonly overlooked as an influence on wetland soil seed banks and soils. In four separate greenhouse trials conducted over a 2-yr period, we examined the effects of municipal wastewater effluent (WWE) on vegetation of wetland seed banks and soils excavated from a wildlife management area in Missouri, USA. We used microcosms filled with one of two soil materials and irrigated with WWE, Missouri River water, or deionized water to simulate moist-soil conditions. Vegetation that germinated from the soil seed bank was allowed to grow in microcosms for approximately 100 d. Vegetative taxa richness, plant density, and biomass were significantly reduced in WWE-irrigated soil materials compared with other water sources. Salinity and sodicity rapidly increased in WWE-irrigated microcosms and probably was responsible for inhibiting germination or interfering with seedling development. Our results indicate that irrigation with WWE promoted saline-sodic soil conditions, which alters the vegetation community by inhibiting germination or seedling development. ?? 2009, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/08-58.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Finocchiaro, R., Kremer, R., and Fredrickson, L., 2009, Impact of municipal wastewater effluent on seed bank response and soils excavated from a wetland impoundment: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 2, p. 713-723, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-58.1.","startPage":"713","endPage":"723","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216449,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-58.1"},{"id":244319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38c2e4b0c8380cd616a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finocchiaro, R.G.","contributorId":15038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finocchiaro","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kremer, R.J.","contributorId":47608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kremer","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredrickson, L.H.","contributorId":91042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035409,"text":"70035409 - 2009 - Megascale processes: Natural disasters and human behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035409","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Megascale processes: Natural disasters and human behavior","docAbstract":"Megascale geologic processes, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, and meteoritic impacts have occurred intermittently throughout geologic time, and perhaps on several planets. Unlike other catastrophes discussed in this volume, a unique process is unfolding on Earth, one in which humans may be the driving agent of megadisasters. Although local effects on population clusters may have been catastrophic in the past, human societies have never been interconnected globally at the scale that currently exists. We review some megascale processes and their effects in the past, and compare present conditions and possible outcomes. We then propose that human behavior itself is having effects on the planet that are comparable to, or greater than, these natural disasters. Yet, unlike geologic processes, human behavior is potentially under our control. Because the effects of our behavior threaten the stability, or perhaps even existence, of a civilized society, we call for the creation of a body to institute coherent global, credible, scientifi cally based action that is sensitive to political, economic, religious, and cultural values. The goal would be to institute aggressive monitoring, identify and understand trends, predict their consequences, and suggest and evaluate alternative actions to attempt to rescue ourselves and our ecosystems from catastrophe. We provide a template modeled after several existing national and international bodies. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.453(06)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, S.W., Barton, P., Chesworth, W., Palmer, A.R., Reitan, P., and Zen, E., 2009, Megascale processes: Natural disasters and human behavior: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 453, p. 77-86, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.453(06).","startPage":"77","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215289,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.453(06)"},{"id":243082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"453","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5389e4b0c8380cd6cb57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, S. W.","contributorId":19186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, P.","contributorId":19796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chesworth, W.","contributorId":70610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesworth","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmer, A. R.","contributorId":41819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reitan, P.","contributorId":18994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reitan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zen, E-An","contributorId":47064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zen","given":"E-An","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70045167,"text":"70045167 - 2008 - Finite-fault analysis of the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake using <i>P<sub>nl</sub></i> waveforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-27T14:57:47","indexId":"70045167","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Finite-fault analysis of the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake using <i>P<sub>nl</sub></i> waveforms","docAbstract":"<p>We apply a kinematic finite-fault inversion scheme to <i>P<sub>nl</sub></i> displacement waveforms recorded at 14 regional stations (&Delta;&lt;2&deg;) to recover the distribution of coseismic slip for the 2004 Parkfield earthquake using both synthetic Green&rsquo;s functions (SGFs) calculated for one-dimensional (1D) crustal-velocity models and empirical Green&rsquo;s functions (EGFs) based on the recordings of a single <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 5.0 aftershock. Slip is modeled on a rectangular fault subdivided into 2&times;2 km subfaults assuming a constant rupture velocity and a 0.5 sec rise time. A passband filter of 0.1&ndash;0.5 Hz is applied to both data and subfault responses prior to waveform inversion. The SGF inversions are performed such that the final seismic moment is consistent with the known magnitude (<i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 6.0) of the earthquake. For these runs, it is difficult to reproduce the entire <i>P<sub>nl</sub></i> waveform due to inaccuracies in the assumed crustal structure. Also, the misfit between observed and predicted vertical waveforms is similar in character for different rupture velocities, indicating that neither the rupture velocity nor the exact position of slip sources along the fault can be uniquely identified. The pattern of coseismic slip, however, compares well with independent source models derived using other data types, indicating that the SGF inversion procedure provides a general first-order estimate of the 2004 Parkfield rupture using the vertical <i>P<sub>nl</sub></i> records. The best-constrained slip model is obtained using the single-aftershock EGF approach. In this case, the waveforms are very well reproduced for both vertical and horizontal components, suggesting that the method provides a powerful tool for estimating the distribution of coseismic slip using the regional <i>P<sub>nl</sub></i> waveforms. The inferred slip model shows a localized patch of high slip (55 cm peak) near the hypocenter and a larger slip area (~50 cm peak) extending between 6 and 20 km to the northwest.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120080111","usgsCitation":"Mendoza, C., and Hartzell, S., 2008, Finite-fault analysis of the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake using <i>P<sub>nl</sub></i> waveforms: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 6, p. 2746-2755, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080111.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2746","endPage":"2755","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-006329","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272281,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080111"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.452654,35.879686 ], [ -120.452654,35.919686 ], [ -120.412654,35.919686 ], [ -120.412654,35.879686 ], [ -120.452654,35.879686 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5966e4b0b290850f8ade","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendoza, C.","contributorId":82059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038744,"text":"70038744 - 2008 - Origin and paleoclimatic significance of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Evidence from stratigraphy, chronology, sedimentology, and geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-11T17:13:13.146249","indexId":"70038744","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:02:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and paleoclimatic significance of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Evidence from stratigraphy, chronology, sedimentology, and geochemistry","docAbstract":"<p>Loess is one of the most extensive surficial geologic deposits in midcontinental North America, particularly in the central Great Plains region of Nebraska. Last-glacial-age loess (Peoria Loess) reaches its greatest known thickness in the world in this area. New stratigraphic, geochronologic, mineralogic, and geochemical data yield information about the age and provenance of Peoria Loess, as well as evaluation of recent climate models.</p><p>Sixteen new radiocarbon ages and recently acquired optically stimulated luminescence ages indicate that Peoria Loess deposition in Nebraska occurred between ca. 25,000 cal yr B.P. and ca. 13,000 cal yr B.P. After ca. 13,000 cal yr B.P. a period of pedogenesis began, represented by the dark, prominent Brady Soil. At some localities, further loess deposition was minimal. At other localities, sometime after ca. 11,000 cal yr B.P., there were additional episodes of loess deposition (Bignell Loess) intermittently throughout the Holocene.</p><p>The spatial variability of particle size abundances in Peoria Loess shows a northwest-to-southeast fining in Nebraska, consistent with maps of previous workers that show a northwest-to-southeast thinning of loess. These observations indicate that paleowinds that deposited the loess were from the west or northwest and that the source or sources of Peoria Loess lay to the west or northwest.</p><p>New mineralogical and geochemical data indicate that the most important sources of loess were likely Tertiary siltstones of the White River and Arikaree Groups, silt facies of Pliocene eolian sediments, and small contributions from Pierre Shale. It is likely that fine-grained silts were transported episodically through the Nebraska Sand Hills from Tertiary and Cretaceous bedrock sources to the north, in agreement with a model presented recently. The identification of Tertiary siltstones and silts as the primary sources of loess is consistent with isotopic data presented in a companion paper. Contributions of glaciogenic silt from the Platte and Missouri Rivers were limited to loess zones close to the valleys of those drainages. An earlier computer-based model of global dust generation during the last glacial period did not identify the Great Plains of North America as a significant source of nonglaciogenic eolian silt. However, a refined version of this model does simulate this region as a significant non-glacial dust source during the last glacial period, in good agreement with the results presented here.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/B26221.1","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., Bettis, E., Aleinikoff, J.N., McGeehin, J., Beann, J., Skipp, G., Marshall, B.D., Roberts, H.M., Johnson, W.C., and Benton, R., 2008, Origin and paleoclimatic significance of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Evidence from stratigraphy, chronology, sedimentology, and geochemistry: GSA Bulletin, v. 120, no. 11-12, p. 1378-1407, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26221.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1378","endPage":"1407","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science 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,{"id":70003645,"text":"70003645 - 2008 - The USGS Earthquake Notification Service (ENS): Customizable notifications of earthquakes around the globe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:00","indexId":"70003645","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:36:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The USGS Earthquake Notification Service (ENS): Customizable notifications of earthquakes around the globe","docAbstract":"At the beginning of 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program (EHP) introduced a new automated Earthquake Notification Service (ENS) to take the place of the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) \"Bigquake\" system and the various other individual EHP e-mail list-servers for separate regions in the United States. These included northern California, southern California, and the central and eastern United States. ENS is a \"one-stop shopping\" system that allows Internet users to subscribe to flexible and customizable notifications for earthquakes anywhere in the world. The customization capability allows users to define the what (magnitude threshold), the when (day and night thresholds), and the where (specific regions) for their notifications. Customization is achieved by employing a per-user based request profile, allowing the notifications to be tailored for each individual's requirements. Such earthquake-parameter-specific custom delivery was not possible with simple e-mail list-servers. Now that event and user profiles are in a structured query language (SQL) database, additional flexibility is possible. At the time of this writing, ENS had more than 114,000 subscribers, with more than 200,000 separate user profiles. On a typical day, more than 188,000 messages get sent to a variety of widely distributed users for a wide range of earthquake locations and magnitudes. The purpose of this article is to describe how ENS works, highlight the features it offers, and summarize plans for future developments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","usgsCitation":"Wald, L.A., Wald, D.J., Schwarz, S., Presgrave, B., Earle, P.S., Martinez, E., and Oppenheimer, D., 2008, The USGS Earthquake Notification Service (ENS): Customizable notifications of earthquakes around the globe: Seismological Research Letters, v. 79, no. 1, p. 103-110.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112436,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://srl.geoscienceworld.org/content/79/1/103.extract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba94fe4b08c986b322197","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, Lisa A. 0000-0002-5467-0523 lisa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-0523","contributorId":449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"Lisa","email":"lisa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, Stan sschwarz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Stan","email":"sschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Presgrave, Bruce","contributorId":69702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presgrave","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Earle, Paul S. pearle@usgs.gov","contributorId":840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"Paul","email":"pearle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martinez, Eric","contributorId":51445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Oppenheimer, David","contributorId":58323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70039107,"text":"70039107 - 2008 - Contaminant levels in eggs of American white pelicans, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, from Chase Lake, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:02:38","indexId":"70039107","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:33:42","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminant levels in eggs of American white pelicans, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, from Chase Lake, North Dakota","docAbstract":"American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) are colonial nesters, making them susceptible to site-specific mortality factors. One of the largest known breeding colonies is at Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge in North Dakota. In 2004, this colony suffered total reproductive failure. In 2005, we collected abandoned eggs from this colony to test for environmental contaminants. Nine eggs were analyzed for 28 organochlorine pesticides, total polychlorinated biphenyls, and 26 inorganic elements. Based on concentrations in this sample of eggs and levels linked to reproductive problems in birds, adult pelicans in the Chase Lake breeding colony are not at known risk from any of the environmental contaminants we measured.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalist's Club","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","usgsCitation":"Pietz, P., Sovada, M.A., Custer, C.M., Custer, T.W., and Johnson, K.M., 2008, Contaminant levels in eggs of American white pelicans, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, from Chase Lake, North Dakota: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 122, no. 4, p. 312-315.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"312","endPage":"315","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259009,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/article/view/637","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Chase Lake","volume":"122","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa35e4b0c8380cd4d9ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pietz, Pamela J. ppietz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"Pamela J.","email":"ppietz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sovada, Marsha A. msovada@usgs.gov","contributorId":2601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"Marsha","email":"msovada@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582 ccuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":1143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"ccuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Kevin M.","contributorId":57162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041317,"text":"70041317 - 2008 - Some guidelines for helping natural resources adapt to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-05T13:53:38","indexId":"70041317","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1948,"text":"IHDP Update","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some guidelines for helping natural resources adapt to climate change","docAbstract":"The changes occurring in mountain regions are an epitome of climate change. The dramatic shrinkage of major glaciers over the past century – and especially in the last 30 years – is one of several iconic images that have come to symbolize climate change. Climate creates the context for ecosystems, and climate variables strongly influence the structure, composition, and processes that characterize distinct ecosystems. Climate change, therefore, is having direct and indirect effects on species attributes, ecological interactions, and ecosystem processes. Because changes in the climate system will continue regardless of emissions mitigation, management strategies to enhance the resilience of ecosystems will become increasingly important. It is essential that management responses to climate change proceed using the best available science despite uncertainties associated with the future path of climate change, the response of ecosystems to climate effects, and the effects of management. Given these uncertainties, management adaptation will require flexibility to reflect our growing understanding of climate change impacts and management effectiveness.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IHDP Update","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"UNU-IHDP","publisherLocation":"Shibuya-ku, Tokyo","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Julius, S.H., West, J.M., Joyce, L.A., Blate, G., Peterson, C.H., Palmer, M., Keller, B.D., Kareiva, P., Scott, J.M., and Griffith, B., 2008, Some guidelines for helping natural resources adapt to climate change: IHDP Update, no. 2, p. 46-52.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"52","ipdsId":"IP-008250","costCenters":[{"id":461,"text":"Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263703,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.ihdp.unu.edu/file/get/7722"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,24.5 ], [ 173.0,71.8 ], [ -66.95,71.8 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ 173.0,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfbddae4b01744973f783a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Julius, Susan Herrod","contributorId":89031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julius","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"Herrod","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"West, Jordan M.","contributorId":32414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joyce, Linda A.","contributorId":106769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyce","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blate, Geoffrey","contributorId":75030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blate","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Charles H.","contributorId":83596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Palmer, Margaret","contributorId":101959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Keller, Brian D.","contributorId":93787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kareiva, Peter","contributorId":58160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kareiva","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Griffith, Brad 0000-0001-8698-6859","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-6859","contributorId":82571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70003667,"text":"70003667 - 2008 - Modeling landslide recurrence in Seattle, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"70003667","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T13:14:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling landslide recurrence in Seattle, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"To manage the hazard associated with shallow landslides, decision makers need an understanding of where and when landslides may occur. A variety of approaches have been used to estimate the hazard from shallow, rainfall-triggered landslides, such as empirical rainfall threshold methods or probabilistic methods based on historical records. The wide availability of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and digital topographic data has led to the development of analytic methods for landslide hazard estimation that couple steady-state hydrological models with slope stability calculations. Because these methods typically neglect the transient effects of infiltration on slope stability, results cannot be linked with historical or forecasted rainfall sequences. Estimates of the frequency of conditions likely to cause landslides are critical for quantitative risk and hazard assessments. We present results to demonstrate how a transient infiltration model coupled with an infinite slope stability calculation may be used to assess shallow landslide frequency in the City of Seattle, Washington, USA. A module called CRF (Critical RainFall) for estimating deterministic rainfall thresholds has been integrated in the TRIGRS (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Slope-Stability) model that combines a transient, one-dimensional analytic solution for pore-pressure response to rainfall infiltration with an infinite slope stability calculation. Input data for the extended model include topographic slope, colluvial thickness, initial water-table depth, material properties, and rainfall durations. This approach is combined with a statistical treatment of rainfall using a GEV (General Extreme Value) probabilistic distribution to produce maps showing the shallow landslide recurrence induced, on a spatially distributed basis, as a function of rainfall duration and hillslope characteristics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Salciarini, D., Godt, J.W., Savage, W.Z., Baum, R.L., and Conversini, P., 2008, Modeling landslide recurrence in Seattle, Washington, USA: Engineering Geology, v. 102, no. 3-4, p. 227-237.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"237","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":111016,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013795208001865","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","volume":"102","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c07e4b0c8380cd6f9a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salciarini, Diana","contributorId":38022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salciarini","given":"Diana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, William Z.","contributorId":107686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conversini, Pietro","contributorId":15077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conversini","given":"Pietro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70003929,"text":"70003929 - 2008 - Environmental occurrence and shallow ground water detection of the antibiotic monensin from dairy farms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:08:39","indexId":"70003929","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental occurrence and shallow ground water detection of the antibiotic monensin from dairy farms","docAbstract":"Pharmaceuticals used in animal feeding operations have been detected in various environmental settings. There is a growing concern about the impact on terrestrial and aquatic organisms and the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. Pharmaceutical use in milking cows is relatively limited compared with other livestock operations, except for the ionophore monensin, which is given to lactating cows as a feed. By weight, monensin can be the most significant antibiotic used in a dairy farm. This study investigates the potential of monensin to move from dairy operations into the surrounding ground water. Using two dairy farms in California as study sites, we twice collected samples along the environmental pathway-from flush lanes, lagoon waters, and shallow ground water beneath the dairies and beneath its associated manured fields. Monensin concentrations were determined using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with positive electrospray ionization. Monensin was detected in all of the flush lane and lagoon water samples. Theoretical maximum concentration estimated from the actual dosing rate and the theoretical excretion rate assuming no attenuation was one order of magnitude greater than observed concentrations, suggesting significant attenuation in the manure collection and storage system. Monensin was also detected, at levels ranging from 0.04 to 0.39 microg L(-1), in some of the ground water samples underneath the production area of the dairy but not from the adjacent manured fields. Concentrations in ground water immediately downgradient of the lagoons were one to two orders of magnitude lower than the concentrations detected in lagoons, suggesting attenuation in the subsurface. The data suggest the possibility of monensin transport into shallow (2-5 m) alluvial ground water from dairy management units, including manure storage lagoons and freestalls occupied by heifers, lactating cows, and dry cows.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0371","usgsCitation":"Watanabe, N., Harter, T., and Bergamaschi, B., 2008, Environmental occurrence and shallow ground water detection of the antibiotic monensin from dairy farms: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 5 (Supplement), p. S78-S85, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0371.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"S78","endPage":"S85","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"5 (Supplement)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6024fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watanabe, N.","contributorId":47078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watanabe","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harter, T.H.","contributorId":58770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harter","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70004009,"text":"70004009 - 2008 - Paleowetlands and regional climate change in the central Atacama Desert, northern Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T13:44:35","indexId":"70004009","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleowetlands and regional climate change in the central Atacama Desert, northern Chile","docAbstract":"Widespread, organic-rich diatomaceous deposits are evidence for formerly wetter times along the margins of the central Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on Earth today. We mapped and dated these paleowetland deposits at three presently waterless locations near Salar de Punta Negra (24.5&deg;S) on the western slope of the Andes. Elevated groundwater levels supported phreatic discharge into wetlands during two periods: 15,900 to ~ 13,800 and 12,700 to ~ 9700 cal yr BP. Dense concentrations of lithic artifacts testify to the presence of paleoindians around the wetlands late in the second wet phase (11,000?&ndash;9700 cal yr BP). Water tables dropped below the surface before 15,900 and since 8100 cal yr BP, and briefly between ~ 13,800 and 12,700 cal yr BP. This temporal pattern is repeated, with some slight differences, in rodent middens from the study area, in both paleowetland and rodent midden deposits north and south of the study area, and in lake level fluctuations on the adjacent Bolivian Altiplano. The regional synchroneity of these changes points to a strengthening of the South American Monsoon &mdash; which we term the \"Central Andean Pluvial Event\" &mdash; in two distinct intervals (15,900&ndash;13,800 and 12,700&ndash;9700 cal yr BP), probably induced by steepened SST gradients across the tropical Pacific (i.e., La Ni&#241;a-like conditions).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2008.01.003","usgsCitation":"Quade, J., Rech, J.A., Betancourt, J.L., Latorre, C., Quade, B., Rylander, K.A., and Fisher, T., 2008, Paleowetlands and regional climate change in the central Atacama Desert, northern Chile: Quaternary Research, v. 69, no. 3, p. 343-360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.01.003.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"360","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488478,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=3449484","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266472,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.01.003"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Atacama Desert;Andes Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -69.5,-26 ], [ -69.5,-25 ], [ -69,-25 ], [ -69,-26 ], [ -69.5,-26 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":104197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rech, Jason A.","contributorId":30730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rech","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Latorre, Claudio","contributorId":94019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latorre","given":"Claudio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Quade, Barbra","contributorId":41576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quade","given":"Barbra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rylander, Kate Aasen","contributorId":76447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rylander","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"Aasen","affiliations":[{"id":219,"text":"Desert Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fisher, Timothy","contributorId":82052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70003430,"text":"70003430 - 2008 - Light-toned salty soils and co-existing Si-rich species discovered by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit in Columbia Hills","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-27T10:36:10","indexId":"70003430","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Light-toned salty soils and co-existing Si-rich species discovered by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit in Columbia Hills","docAbstract":"Light-toned soils were exposed, through serendipitous excavations by Spirit Rover wheels, at eight locations in the Columbia Hills. Their occurrences were grouped into four types on the basis of geomorphic settings. At three major exposures, the light-toned soils are hydrous and sulfate-rich. The spatial distributions of distinct types of salty soils vary substantially: with centimeter-scaled heterogeneities at Paso Robles, Dead Sea, Shredded, and Champagne-Penny, a well-mixed nature for light-toned soils occurring near and at the summit of Husband Hill, and relatively homogeneous distributions in the two layers at the Tyrone site. Aeolian, fumarolic, and hydrothermal fluid processes are suggested to be responsible for the deposition, transportation, and accumulation of these light-toned soils. In addition, a change in Pancam spectra of Tyrone yellowish soils was observed after being exposed to current Martian surface conditions for 175 sols. This change is interpreted to be caused by the dehydration of ferric sulfates on the basis of laboratory simulations and suggests a relative humidity gradient beneath the surface. Si-rich nodules and soils were observed near the major exposures of S-rich soils. They possess a characteristic feature in Pancam visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectra that may be diagnostic of hydrated species, and this spectral feature can be used to search for additional Si-rich species. The exposures of hydrated salty soils within various geomorphic settings imply the potential existence of hydrous minerals in similar settings over a much wider area. Hydrous sulfates represent one of the candidates that may contribute the high level of water equivalent hydrogen in equatorial regions detected by the Neutron Spectrometer on Mars Odyssey.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2008JE003126","usgsCitation":"Wang, A., Bell, J., Li, R., Johnson, J.R., Farrand, W.H., Cloutis, E., Arvidson, R., Crumpler, L., Squyres, S.W., McLennan, S.M., Herkenhoff, K.E., Ruff, S.W., Knudson, A., Chen, W., and Greenberger, R., 2008, Light-toned salty soils and co-existing Si-rich species discovered by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit in Columbia Hills: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 113, no. E12, p. 1-35, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003126.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008je003126","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Columbia Hills, Mars","volume":"113","issue":"E12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a533e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Alian","contributorId":97616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Alian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, Ron","contributorId":76870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Ron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cloutis, E.A.","contributorId":37880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloutis","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Crumpler, L.","contributorId":59545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crumpler","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McLennan, S. M.","contributorId":96733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLennan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ruff, S. W.","contributorId":63136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Knudson, A.T.","contributorId":15746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudson","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Chen, Wei","contributorId":45441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Greenberger, R.","contributorId":69697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberger","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70003834,"text":"70003834 - 2008 - Conservation: saving Florida's manatees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T21:27:03","indexId":"70003834","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3748,"text":"WetPixel Quarterly","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation: saving Florida's manatees","docAbstract":"Robert K. Bonde of the U.S. Geological Survey writes about the protected population of manatees in Crystal River, Florida, including information about the threats they face as they migrate in and out of protected waters. Photographer Carol Grant shares images of \"Angel,\" a newborn manatee she photographed early one winter morning.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"WetPixel Quarterly","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wetpixel","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","usgsCitation":"Bonde, R.K., 2008, Conservation: saving Florida's manatees: WetPixel Quarterly, v. 4, p. 50-54.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21948,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wetpixelquarterly.com/back-issues/wetpixel-quarterly-4/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545652","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70000126,"text":"70000126 - 2008 - Ocean acidification and calcifying reef organisms: A mesocosm investigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000126","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ocean acidification and calcifying reef organisms: A mesocosm investigation","docAbstract":"A long-term (10 months) controlled experiment was conducted to test the impact of increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) on common calcifying coral reef organisms. The experiment was conducted in replicate continuous flow coral reef mesocosms flushed with unfiltered sea water from Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Mesocosms were located in full sunlight and experienced diurnal and seasonal fluctuations in temperature and sea water chemistry characteristic of the adjacent reef flat. Treatment mesocosms were manipulated to simulate an increase in pCO2 to levels expected in this century [midday pCO2 levels exceeding control mesocosms by 365 ?? 130 ??atm (mean ?? sd)]. Acidification had a profound impact on the development and growth of crustose coralline algae (CCA) populations. During the experiment, CCA developed 25% cover in the control mesocosms and only 4% in the acidified mesocosms, representing an 86% relative reduction. Free-living associations of CCA known as rhodoliths living in the control mesocosms grew at a rate of 0.6 g buoyant weight year-1 while those in the acidified experimental treatment decreased in weight at a rate of 0.9 g buoyant weight year-1, representing a 250% difference. CCA play an important role in the growth and stabilization of carbonate reefs, so future changes of this magnitude could greatly impact coral reefs throughout the world. Coral calcification decreased between 15% and 20% under acidified conditions. Linear extension decreased by 14% under acidified conditions in one experiment. Larvae of the coral Pocillopora damicornis were able to recruit under the acidified conditions. In addition, there was no significant difference in production of gametes by the coral Montipora capitata after 6 months of exposure to the treatments. ?? 2008 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00338-008-0380-9","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Jokiel, P., Rodgers, K.S., Kuffner, I., Andersson, A., Cox, E., and MacKenzie, F., 2008, Ocean acidification and calcifying reef organisms: A mesocosm investigation: Coral Reefs, v. 27, no. 3, p. 473-483, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0380-9.","startPage":"473","endPage":"483","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18678,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0380-9"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691f23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jokiel, P. L.","contributorId":80367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jokiel","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodgers, K. S.","contributorId":40288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuffner, I. B.","contributorId":40328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuffner","given":"I. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andersson, A.J.","contributorId":38265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersson","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cox, E.F.","contributorId":50271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"MacKenzie, F.T.","contributorId":25681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70000008,"text":"70000008 - 2008 - Reflectance spectroscopy for the assessment of soil salt content in soils of the yellow river delta of China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:11:50","indexId":"70000008","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reflectance spectroscopy for the assessment of soil salt content in soils of the yellow river delta of China","docAbstract":"There has been growing interest in the use of reflectance spectroscopy as a rapid and inexpensive tool for soil characterization. In this study, we collected 95 soil samples from the Yellow River Delta of China to investigate the level of soil salinity in relation to soil spectra. Sample plots were selected based on a field investigation and the corresponding soil salinity classification map to maximize variations of saline characteristics in the soil. Spectral reflectances of air-dried soil samples were measured using an Analytical Spectral Device (ASD) spectrometer (350-2500 nm) with an artificial light source. In the Yellow River Delta, the dominant chemical in the saline soil was NaCl and MgCl2. Soil spectra were analysed using two-thirds of the available samples, with the remaining one-third withheld for validation purposes. The analysis indicated that with some preprocessing, the reflectance at 1931-2123 nm and 2153-2254 nm was highly correlated with soil salt content (SSC). In the spectral region of 1931-2123 nm, the correlation R ranged from -0.80 to -0.87. In the region of 2153-2254 nm, the SSC was positively correlated with preprocessed reflectance (0.79-0.88). The preprocessing was done by fitting a convex hull to the reflectance curve and dividing the spectral reflectance by the value of the corresponding convex hull band by band. This process is called continuum removal, and the resulting ratio is called continuum removed reflectance (CR reflectance). However, the SSC did not have a high correlation with the unprocessed reflectance, and the correlation was always negative in the entire spectrum (350-2500 nm) with the strongest negative correlation at 1981 nm (R = -0.63). Moreover, we found a strong correlation (R=0.91) between a soil salinity index (SSI: Constructed using CR reflectance at 2052 nm and 2203 nm) and SSC. We estimated SSC as a function of SSI and SSI' (SSI': Constructed using unprocessed reflectance at 2052 nm and 2203 nm) using univariate regression. Validation of the estimation of SSC was conducted by comparing the estimated SSC with the holdout sample points. The comparison produced an estimated root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.986 (SSC ranging from 0.06 to 12.30 g kg-1) and R2 of 0.873 for SSC with SSI as independent variable and RMSE of 1.248 and R2 of 0.8 for SSC with SSI' as independent variable. This study showed that a soil salinity index developed for CR reflectance at 2052 nm and 2203 nm on the basis of spectral absorption features of saline soil can be used as a quick and inexpensive method for soil salt-content estimation.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160801930248","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Weng, Y., Gong, P., and Zhu, Z., 2008, Reflectance spectroscopy for the assessment of soil salt content in soils of the yellow river delta of China: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 29, no. 19, p. 5511-5531, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160801930248.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"5511","endPage":"5531","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18627,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160801930248"}],"volume":"29","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63512c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weng, Yongling","contributorId":64767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weng","given":"Yongling","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gong, P.","contributorId":53915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gong","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000002,"text":"70000002 - 2008 - Molecular and morphological analysis of the critically endangered Fijian iguanas reveals cryptic diversity and a complex biogeographic history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000002","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3048,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular and morphological analysis of the critically endangered Fijian iguanas reveals cryptic diversity and a complex biogeographic history","docAbstract":"The Pacific iguanas of the Fijian and Tongan archipelagos are a biogeographic enigma in that their closest relatives are found only in the New World. They currently comprise two genera and four species of extinct and extant taxa. The two extant species, Brachylophus fasciatus from Fiji, Tonga, and Vanuatu and Brachylophus vitiensis from western Fiji, are of considerable conservation concern with B. vitiensis listed as critically endangered. A recent molecular study has shown that Brachylophus comprised three evolutionarily significant units. To test these conclusions and to reevaluate the phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships within Brachylophus, we generated an mtDNA dataset consisting of 1462 base pairs for 61 individuals from 13 islands, representing both Brachylophus species. Unweighted parsimony analyses and Bayesian analyses produced a well-resolved phylogenetic hypothesis supported by high bootstrap values and posterior probabilities within Brachylophus. Our data reject the monophyly of specimens previously believed to comprise B. fasciatus. Instead, our data demonstrate that living Brachylophus comprise three robust and well-supported clades that do not correspond to current taxonomy. One of these clades comprises B. fasciatus from the Lau group of Fiji and Tonga (type locality for B. fasciatus), while a second comprises putative B. fasciatus from the central regions of Fiji, which we refer to here as B. n. sp. Animals in this clade form the sister group to B. vitiensis rather than other B. fasciatus. We herein describe this clade as a new species of Brachylophus based on molecular and morphological data. With only one exception, every island is home to one or more unique haplotypes. We discuss alternative biogeographic hypotheses to explain their distribution in the Pacific and the difficulties of distinguishing these. Together, our molecular and taxonomic results have important implications for future conservation initiatives for the Pacific iguanas. ?? 2008 The Royal Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2008.0120","issn":"09628436","usgsCitation":"Keogh, J., Edwards, D., Fisher, R., and Harlow, P., 2008, Molecular and morphological analysis of the critically endangered Fijian iguanas reveals cryptic diversity and a complex biogeographic history: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 363, no. 1508, p. 3413-3426, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0120.","startPage":"3413","endPage":"3426","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476470,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2607380","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18621,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0120"}],"volume":"363","issue":"1508","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keogh, J.S.","contributorId":76055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keogh","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, D.L.","contributorId":82442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harlow, P.S.","contributorId":35861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000053,"text":"70000053 - 2008 - Variability of community interaction networks in marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000053","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of community interaction networks in marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas","docAbstract":"Regional and small-scale local oceanographic conditions can lead to high variability in community structure even among similar habitats. Communities with identical species composition can depict distinct networks due to different levels of disturbance as well as physical and biological processes. In this study we reconstruct community networks in four different areas off the Oregon Coast by matching simulated communities with observed dynamics. We compared reserves with harvested areas. Simulations suggested that different community networks, but with the same species composition, can represent each study site. Differences were found in predator-prey interactions as well as non-predatory interactions between community members. In addition, each site can be represented as a set of models, creating alternative stages among sites. The set of alternative models that characterize each study area depicts a sequence of functional responses where each specific model or interaction structure creates different species composition patterns. Different management practices, either in the past or of the present, may lead to alternative communities. Our findings suggest that management strategies should be analyzed at a community level that considers the possible consequences of shifting from one community scenario to another. This analysis provides a novel conceptual framework to assess the consequences of different management options for ecological communities. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2008.07.003","issn":"01657836","usgsCitation":"Montano-Moctezuma, G., Li, H., and Rossignol, P., 2008, Variability of community interaction networks in marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas: Fisheries Research, v. 94, no. 1, p. 99-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2008.07.003.","startPage":"99","endPage":"108","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18656,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2008.07.003"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montano-Moctezuma, G.","contributorId":45041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montano-Moctezuma","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, H.W.","contributorId":23261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rossignol, P.A.","contributorId":90019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossignol","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000098,"text":"70000098 - 2008 - A seepage meter designed for use in flowing water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000098","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A seepage meter designed for use in flowing water","docAbstract":"Seepage meters provide one of the most direct means to measure exchange of water across the sediment-water interface, but they generally have been unsuitable for use in fluvial settings. Although the seepage bag can be placed inside a rigid container to minimize velocity head concerns, the seepage cylinder installed in the sediment bed projects into and disrupts the flow field, altering both the local-scale fluid exchange as well as measurement of that exchange. A low-profile seepage meter designed for use in moving water was tested in a seepage meter flux tank where both current velocity and seepage velocity could be controlled. The conical seepage cylinder protrudes only slightly above the sediment bed and is connected via tubing to a seepage bag or flowmeter positioned inside a rigid shelter that is located nearby where current velocity is much slower. Laboratory and field tests indicate that the net effect of the small protrusion of the seepage cylinder into the surface water flow field is inconsequentially small for surface water currents up to 65 cm s-1. Current velocity affects the variability of seepage measurements; seepage standard deviation increased from ???2 to ???6 cm d-1 as current velocity increased from 9 to 65 cm s-1. Substantial bias can result if the shelter is not placed to minimize hydraulic gradient between the bag and the seepage cylinder.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.029","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D., 2008, A seepage meter designed for use in flowing water: Journal of Hydrology, v. 359, no. 1-2, p. 118-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.029.","startPage":"118","endPage":"130","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":199660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18670,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.029"}],"volume":"359","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a639b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70000551,"text":"70000551 - 2008 - Biogeochemical legacy of prescribed fire in a giant sequoia - Mixed conifer forest: A 16-year record of watershed balances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T12:58:02","indexId":"70000551","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical legacy of prescribed fire in a giant sequoia - Mixed conifer forest: A 16-year record of watershed balances","docAbstract":"The effects of prescription burning on watershed balances of major ions in mixed conifer forest were examined in a 16-year paired catchment study in Sequoia National Park, California. The objective was to determine whether fire-related changes in watershed balances persist as long as estimated low-end natural fire-return intervals (???10 years), and whether cumulative net export caused by fire could deplete nutrient stocks between successive fires. Inputs (wet + dry deposition) and outputs (stream export) of N, S, Cl-, HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, H+, and SiO2 were measured for 7 years preceding, and 9 years following, a prescribed burn of one of the catchments. After fire, runoff coefficients increased by 7% (in dry years) to 35% (in wet years). Inorganic N was elevated in stream water for 3 years after fire. Increased export of water, SO42-, Cl-,SiO2, and base cations continued through the end of the study. Pools and processes attributed to fire led to the cumulative loss, per hectare, of 1.2 kg N, 16 kg S, 25 kg Cl-, 130 kg Ca2+, 19 kg Mg2+, 71 kg Na+, 29 kg K+ and 192 kg Si, above that predicted by prefire regression equations relating export in the paired catchments. This additional export equaled <1% of the N, up to one-third of the Ca and Mg, and up to three-fourths of the K, contained in the forest floor prior to combustion. Changes in watershed balances indicated that low-end natural fire-return intervals may prevent complete reaccumulation of several elements between fires. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2006JG000391","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Engle, D., Sickman, J., Moore, C., Esperanza, A., Melack, J., and Keeley, J., 2008, Biogeochemical legacy of prescribed fire in a giant sequoia - Mixed conifer forest: A 16-year record of watershed balances: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 113, no. G1, G01014; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000391.","productDescription":"G01014; 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jg000391","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"G1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625d6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, D.L.","contributorId":58752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sickman, J.O.","contributorId":85127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickman","given":"J.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, C.M.","contributorId":58001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esperanza, A.M.","contributorId":11999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esperanza","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melack, J.M.","contributorId":59164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melack","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70000541,"text":"70000541 - 2008 - Mapping and interpretation of Sinlap crater on Titan using Cassini VIMS and RADAR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000541","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping and interpretation of Sinlap crater on Titan using Cassini VIMS and RADAR data","docAbstract":"Only a few impact craters have been unambiguously detected on Titan by the Cassini-Huygens mission. Among these, Sinlap is the only one that has been observed both by the RADAR and VIMS instruments. This paper describes observations at centimeter and infrared wavelengths which provide complementary information about the composition, topography, and surface roughness. Several units appear in VIMS false color composites of band ratios in the Sinlap area, suggesting compositional heterogeneities. A bright pixel possibly related to a central peak does not show significant spectral variations, indicating either that the impact site was vertically homogeneous, or that this area has been recovered by homogeneous deposits. Both VIMS ratio images and dielectric constant measurements suggest the presence of an area enriched in water ice around the main ejecta blanket. Since the Ku-band SAR may see subsurface structures at the meter scale, the difference between infrared and SAR observations can be explained by the presence of a thin layer transparent to the radar. An analogy with terrestrial craters in Libya supports this interpretation. Finally, a tentative model describes the geological history of this area prior, during, and after the impact. It involves mainly the creation of ballistic ejecta and an expanding plume of vapor triggered by the impact, followed by the redeposition of icy spherules recondensed from this vapor plume blown downwind. Subsequent evolution is then driven by erosional processes and aeolian deposition. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JE002965","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Le Mouelic, S., Paillou, P., Janssen, M., Barnes, J.W., Rodriguez, S., Sotin, C., Brown, R.H., Baines, K.H., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., Crapeau, M., Encrenaz, P., Jaumann, R., Geudtner, D., Paganelli, F., Soderblom, L., Tobie, G., and Wall, S., 2008, Mapping and interpretation of Sinlap crater on Titan using Cassini VIMS and RADAR data: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 113, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JE002965.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476477,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00261442","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18939,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JE002965"}],"volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Le Mouélic, Stéphane","contributorId":92786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Mouélic","given":"Stéphane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paillou, P.","contributorId":45043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillou","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janssen, M.A.","contributorId":28345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodriguez, S.","contributorId":54329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Crapeau, M.","contributorId":33438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crapeau","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Encrenaz, P.J.","contributorId":18092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Encrenaz","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Geudtner, D.","contributorId":46667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geudtner","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Paganelli, F.","contributorId":17353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paganelli","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Soderblom, L.","contributorId":106244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Tobie, G.","contributorId":89267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tobie","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Wall, S.","contributorId":103774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70000237,"text":"70000237 - 2008 - Hydrological response to timber harvest in northern Idaho: Implications for channel scour and persistence of salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000237","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological response to timber harvest in northern Idaho: Implications for channel scour and persistence of salmonids","docAbstract":"The potential for forest harvest to increase snowmelt rates in maritime snow climates is well recognized. However, questions still exist about the magnitude of peak flow increases in basins larger than 10 km2 and the geomorphic and biological consequences of these changes. In this study, we used observations from two nearly adjacent small basins (13 and 30 km2) in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, one with recent, relatively extensive, timber harvest, and the other with little disturbance in the last 50 years to explore changes in peak flows due to timber harvest and their potential effects on fish. Peak discharge was computed for a specitic rain-on-snow event using a series of physical models that linked predicted values of snowmelt input to a runoff-routing model. Predictions indicate that timber harvest caused a 25% increase in the peak flow of the modelled event and increased the frequency of events of this magnitude from a 9-year recurrence interval to a 3-6-year event. These changes in hydrologic regime, with larger discharges at shorter recurrence intervals, are predicted to increase the depth and frequency of streambed scour, causing up to 15% added mortality of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) embryos. Mortality from increased scour, although not catastrophic, may have contributed to the extirpation of this species from the Coeur d'Alene basin, given the widespread timber harvest that occurred in this region. Copyright ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6918","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Tonina, D., Luce, C., Rieman, B., Buffington, J., Goodwin, P., Clayton, S., Ali, S., Barry, J., and Berenbrock, C., 2008, Hydrological response to timber harvest in northern Idaho: Implications for channel scour and persistence of salmonids: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 17, p. 3223-3235, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6918.","startPage":"3223","endPage":"3235","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18739,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6918"}],"volume":"22","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e982","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tonina, D.","contributorId":14552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonina","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luce, C.H.","contributorId":81057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luce","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rieman, B.","contributorId":11178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buffington, J.M.","contributorId":99677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goodwin, P.","contributorId":46665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clayton, S.R.","contributorId":95992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ali, S.","contributorId":96809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ali","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barry, J.J.","contributorId":23482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Berenbrock, C.","contributorId":33435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70000547,"text":"70000547 - 2008 - Modeling wetland blackbird populations as a function of waterfowl abundance in the prairie pothole region of the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000547","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1527,"text":"Environmental Bioindicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling wetland blackbird populations as a function of waterfowl abundance in the prairie pothole region of the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"Blackbirds share wetland habitat with many waterfowl species in Bird Conservation Region 11 (BCR 11), the prairie potholes. Because of similar habitat preferences, there may be associations between blackbird populations and populations of one or more species of waterfowl in BCR11. This study models populations of red-winged blackbirds and yellow-headed blackbirds as a function of multiple waterfowl species using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey within BCR11. For each blackbird species, we created a global model with blackbird abundance modeled as a function of 11 waterfowl species; nuisance effects (year, route, and observer) also were included in the model. Hierarchical Poisson regression models were fit using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in WinBUGS 1.4.1. Waterfowl abundances were weakly associated with blackbird numbers, and no single waterfowl species showed a strong correlation with any blackbird species. These findings suggest waterfowl abundance from a single species is not likely a good bioindicator of blackbird abundance; however, a global model provided good fit for predicting red-winged blackbird abundance. Increased model complexity may be required for accurate predictions of blackbird abundance; the amount of data required to construct appropriate models may limit this approach for predicting blackbird abundance in the prairie potholes. Copyright ?? Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Bioindicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/15555270802275434","issn":"15555275","usgsCitation":"Forcey, G., Linz, G., Thogmartin, W., and Bleier, W., 2008, Modeling wetland blackbird populations as a function of waterfowl abundance in the prairie pothole region of the United States and Canada: Environmental Bioindicators, v. 3, no. 2, p. 124-135, https://doi.org/10.1080/15555270802275434.","startPage":"124","endPage":"135","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18944,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15555270802275434"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69975c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forcey, G.M.","contributorId":57998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forcey","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linz, G.M.","contributorId":70877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linz","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thogmartin, W.E. 0000-0002-2384-4279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":26392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"W.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bleier, W.J.","contributorId":79194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleier","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000241,"text":"70000241 - 2008 - Evidence for an eolian origin for the silt-enriched soil mantles on the glaciated uplands of eastern Upper Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000241","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for an eolian origin for the silt-enriched soil mantles on the glaciated uplands of eastern Upper Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"We provide textural, geochemical, and mineralogical data on a thin, silty deposit that unconformably mantles glaciated uplands in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Previous research on this deposit, which we hypothesize to be loess, is nonexistent. The uplands were islands or narrow peninsulas within one or more glacial lakes. We compare the distribution, likely source and nature of the 20-60??cm thick silty mantle by using the loess formation model of Mason et al. [Mason, J.A., Nater, E.A., Zanner, C.W., Bell, J.C., 1999. A new model of topographic effects on the distribution of loess. Geomorphology 28, 223-236], which focuses on the generation of eolian silt by saltating sand across upwind, barren surfaces. Parabolic dunes, with arms open to the NW, are common on former lake floors upwind of the silt-mantled uplands, attesting to the strength and direction of paleowinds. The abrupt termination of the dunes at the footslopes of the uplands, associated with silt deposition on upland soil surfaces in downwind locations, are both consistent with the model of Mason et al. [Mason, J.A., Nater, E.A., Zanner, C.W., Bell, J.C., 1999. A new model of topographic effects on the distribution of loess. Geomorphology 28, 223-236]. Sediments on former lake floors contain abundant strata of fine/medium sand and silt, and thus are likely sources for the silt and dune sand. The cap, dune and lake sediments are similar along many different geochemical axes, whereas the substrate sediment, i.e., the drift below the cap, is unique. Cap sediments, normally containing roughly 30% silt, are enriched in quartz and depleted in Ti and Zr, relative to dune sediment. The dune sediment, a more residual eolian deposit, is enriched in Ti and Zr, relative to the cap, probably due to its greater abundance of heavy minerals. Therefore, we conclude that the silty cap is loess that was deflated from abandoned lake floors after nearby glacial lakes drained, probably contemporaneously with dune migration across the former lake floors. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.01.002","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Schaetzl, R., and Loope, W., 2008, Evidence for an eolian origin for the silt-enriched soil mantles on the glaciated uplands of eastern Upper Michigan, USA: Geomorphology, v. 100, no. 3-4, p. 285-295, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.01.002.","startPage":"285","endPage":"295","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18743,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.01.002"}],"volume":"100","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9aa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaetzl, R.J.","contributorId":80807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaetzl","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loope, W.L.","contributorId":22280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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