The ongoing eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, has been accompanied throughout by varying levels of high-frequency, ‘volcanotectonic’ (VT), seismicity. These earthquakes reflect the brittle response of the host rock to stresses generated within the magmatic system and thus reveal interesting and useful information about the structure of the volcanic conduit system and processes occurring within it. In general, systematic changes in the rate, location, and fault-plane solutions of VT earthquakes correspond to changes in the volcano's behavior, and indicate that the main conduit for the eruption is a dike or system of dikes trending NE–SW and centered beneath the eruptive vent. To date, the eruption has comprised three extrusive phases, separated by two ~ 1–2 year-long periods of residual activity. Prior to the start of each extrusive phase, VT earthquakes with fault-plane solution p-axes oriented perpendicular to inferred regional maximum compression dominate the data set, consistent with stresses induced by the inflation of the mid-level conduit system. ~ 90°-rotated VT fault-plane solutions are also observed preceding a change in eruption style from effusive to explosive in 1997. While increases in the rate of VT earthquakes precede eruption phase onsets, high rates of VT seismicity are also observed during the first period of residual activity and in this case appear to reflect the relaxation of host rock following withdrawal of magma from the mid-crustal system. Most VT earthquakes are located directly beneath the eruptive vent, although two ‘distal VT clusters’ were observed during the first six months of the eruption (late 1995–early 1996). Both of these distal clusters likely resulted from stresses generated during the establishment of the main conduit system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.01.014","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Roman, D., De Angelis, S., Latchman, J., and White, R., 2008, Patterns of volcanotectonic seismicity and stress during the ongoing eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat (1995-2007): Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 173, no. 3-4, p. 230-244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.01.014.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"244","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213127,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.01.014"}],"state":"Montserrat","otherGeospatial":"Soufriere Hills Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -62.19257354736328,\n 16.6875015056279\n ],\n [\n -62.19257354736328,\n 16.730249010617833\n ],\n [\n -62.143821716308594,\n 16.730249010617833\n ],\n [\n -62.143821716308594,\n 16.6875015056279\n ],\n [\n -62.19257354736328,\n 16.6875015056279\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"173","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75efe4b0c8380cd77e1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman, D.C.","contributorId":52372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Angelis, S.","contributorId":99781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Angelis","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Latchman, J.L.","contributorId":87311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latchman","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Rickie","contributorId":100921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Rickie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032878,"text":"70032878 - 2008 - Volatility of bitumen prices and implications for the industry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032878","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatility of bitumen prices and implications for the industry","docAbstract":"Sustained crude oil price increases have led to increased investment in and production of Canadian bitumen to supplement North American oil supplies. For new projects, the evaluation of profitability is based on a prediction of the future price path of bitumen and ultimately light/medium crude oil. This article examines the relationship between the bitumen and light crude oil prices in the context of a simple error-correction economic-adjustment model. The analysis shows bitumen prices to be significantly more volatile than light crude prices. Also, the dominant effect of an oil price shock on bitumen prices is immediate and is amplified, both in absolute terms and percentage price changes. It is argued that the bitumen industry response to such market risks will likely be a realignment toward vertical integration via new downstream construction, mergers, or on a de facto basis by the establishment of alliances. ?? 2008 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-008-9078-5","issn":"15207","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., 2008, Volatility of bitumen prices and implications for the industry: Natural Resources Research, v. 17, no. 4, p. 205-213, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-008-9078-5.","startPage":"205","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-008-9078-5"},{"id":241674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2cde4b08c986b32ad90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033333,"text":"70033333 - 2008 - Sequestering ADM ethanol plant carbon dioxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033333","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1983,"text":"Industrial Bioprocessing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequestering ADM ethanol plant carbon dioxide","docAbstract":"Archer Daniels Midland Co. (ADM) and the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) are collaborating on a project in confirming that a rock formation can store carbon dioxide from the plant in its pores. The project aimed to sequester the gas underground permanently to minimize release of the greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. It is also designed to store one million tons of carbon dioxide over a three-year period. The project is worth $84.3M, funded by $66.7M from the US Department Energy, supplemented by co-funding from ADM and other corporate and state resources. The project will start drilling of wells to an expected depth over 6500 feet into the Mount Simon Sandstone formation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Industrial Bioprocessing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10567194","usgsCitation":"Finley, R., and Riddle, D., 2008, Sequestering ADM ethanol plant carbon dioxide: Industrial Bioprocessing, v. 30, no. 2.","startPage":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d56e4b08c986b318350","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finley, R.J.","contributorId":70984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riddle, D.","contributorId":49186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033332,"text":"70033332 - 2008 - Assessing bat detectability and occupancy with multiple automated echolocation detectors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033332","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing bat detectability and occupancy with multiple automated echolocation detectors","docAbstract":"Occupancy analysis and its ability to account for differential detection probabilities is important for studies in which detecting echolocation calls is used as a measure of bat occurrence and activity. We examined the feasibility of remotely acquiring bat encounter histories to estimate detection probability and occupancy. We used echolocation detectors coupled to digital recorders operating at a series of proximate sites on consecutive nights in 2 trial surveys for the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus). Our results confirmed that the technique is readily amenable for use in occupancy analysis. We also conducted a simulation exercise to assess the effects of sampling effort on parameter estimation. The results indicated that the precision and bias of parameter estimation were often more influenced by the number of sites sampled than number of visits. Acceptable accuracy often was not attained until at least 15 sites or 15 visits were used to estimate detection probability and occupancy. The method has significant potential for use in monitoring trends in bat activity and in comparative studies of habitat use. ?? 2008 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/07-MAMM-A-022.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Gorresen, P.M., Miles, A., Todd, C., Bonaccorso, F., and Weller, T., 2008, Assessing bat detectability and occupancy with multiple automated echolocation detectors: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 89, no. 1, p. 11-17, https://doi.org/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-022.1.","startPage":"11","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213265,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-022.1"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edcde4b0c8380cd499f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorresen, P. M. mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":18552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miles, A.C.","contributorId":30453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Todd, C.M.","contributorId":17429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonaccorso, F.J.","contributorId":13041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonaccorso","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weller, T.J.","contributorId":105539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weller","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033000,"text":"70033000 - 2008 - Maternal characteristics versus egg size and energy density: do stocked lake trout in Lake Ontario experience premature reproductive senescence?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-19T14:13:50","indexId":"70033000","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maternal characteristics versus egg size and energy density: do stocked lake trout in Lake Ontario experience premature reproductive senescence?","docAbstract":"Observations from September 1994 and 1997 collections of hatchery-origin, mature female lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Lake Ontario indicated that egg mass decreased with age, fueling the notion that stocked fish experienced premature reproductive senescence. Supplemental collections during September 2002 and November 2002-2004 were combined with the 1994 and 1997 samples to examine whether sample date or maternal age, body mass, condition (K), egg count, or strain were related to egg mass or energy content (percentage dry mass [%DM]). Body mass was correlated with egg mass for age ≥ 8 lake trout sampled in September, and egg count was correlated with egg mass for September age-6 lake trout only. Within each month, egg mass was not related to K or egg %DM, however, egg %DM was 1.52% greater (P ≤ 0.0247) in November than in September which is equivalent to a 110 cal/g difference. Samples were grouped for the three most abundant strains (Seneca, Superior, and Ontario) after finding no strain or year effects from our 1994 and 1997 samples and based on life history data from the literature and our assessment sampling. Further analysis indicated that September egg masses were greater for fish ages ≤ 6 than for fish ages ≥ 8. The age effect disappeared in November when mean egg mass across all ages (0.078 g) was greater than September means (P < 0.0005) for ages -5 (0.054 g), -6 (0.057 g) and ≥ 8 (0.041 g). Our results indicate that the decrease in egg mass with female age in September was not due to senescence, but to oogenesis being closer to completion in young age-5 and -6 fish than in older individuals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330-34.4.661","issn":"03801","usgsCitation":"Lantry, B., O'Gorman, R., and Machut, L., 2008, Maternal characteristics versus egg size and energy density: do stocked lake trout in Lake Ontario experience premature reproductive senescence?: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 34, no. 4, p. 661-674, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330-34.4.661.","startPage":"661","endPage":"674","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":357,"text":"Lake Ontario Biological Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213357,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330-34.4.661"},{"id":240975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5281e4b0c8380cd6c47b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lantry, B.F.","contributorId":19105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Gorman, R.","contributorId":48896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Gorman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Machut, L.S.","contributorId":50355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machut","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033203,"text":"70033203 - 2008 - Influences of organic matter and calcification rate on trace elements in aragonitic estuarine bivalve shells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T09:43:47","indexId":"70033203","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of organic matter and calcification rate on trace elements in aragonitic estuarine bivalve shells","docAbstract":"A suite of elements (B, Na, Mg, S, K, Ca, V, Mn, Cr, Sr, and Ba) was measured in aragonitic shells of the estuarine bivalve Corbula amurensis, the Asian clam, using the Sensitive High-Resolution Ion MicroProbe with Reverse Geometry (SHRIMP RG). Our initial intent was to explore potential geochemical proxy relationships between shell chemistry and salinity (freshwater inflow) in northern San Francisco Bay (SFB). In the course of this study we observed variations in shell trace element to calcium ([M]/Ca) ratios that could only be attributed to internal biological processes. This paper discusses the nature and sources of internal trace element variability in C. amurensis shells related to the shell organic fraction and shell calcification rates. The average organic content of whole C. amurensis shells is 19%. After treating whole powdered shells with an oxidative cleaning procedure to remove organic matter, shells contained on average 33% less total Mg and 78% less total Mn. Within our analytical uncertainty, Sr and Ba contents were unchanged by the removal of organic matter. These results show that aragonitic C. amurensis shells have a large component of non-lattice-bound Mg and Mn that probably contribute to the dissimilarity of [M]/Ca profiles among five same-sized shells. Non-lattice-bound trace elements could complicate the development and application of geochemical proxy relationships in bivalve shells. Because B, Ba and Sr occur exclusively in shell aragonite, they are good candidates for external proxy relationships. [M]/Ca ratios were significantly different in prismatic and nacreous aragonite and in two valves of the same shell that had different crystal growth rates. Some part of these differences can be attributed to non-lattice-bound trace elements associated with the organic fraction. The differences in [M]/Ca ratios were also consistent with the calcification rate-dependent ion transport model developed by Carré et al. [Carré M., Bentaleb I., Bruguier O., Ordinola E., Barrett N. T. and Fontugne M. (2006) Calcification rate influence on trace element concentrations in aragonitic bivalve shells: evidences and mechanisms. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta70, 4906–4920] which predicts that [M]/Ca ratios increase as calcification rates increase and Ca2+ channel specificity decreases. This result, in combination with the possibility that there were ontogenetic variations in growth rates among individuals younger than 2 years, underscores the need to develop an independent age model for C. amurensis shells. If growth-rate effects on lattice-bound [M]/Ca ratios can be constrained, it may yet be possible to develop high-resolution geochemical proxies for external solution chemistry in low-salinity regions of SFB.
Time-dependent gravimetric measurements can detect subsurface processes long before magma flow leads to earthquakes or other eruption precursors. The ability of gravity measurements to detect subsurface mass flow is greatly enhanced if gravity measurements are analyzed and modeled with ground-deformation data. Obtaining the maximum information from microgravity studies requires careful evaluation of the layout of network benchmarks, the gravity environmental signal, and the coupling between gravity changes and crustal deformation. When changes in the system under study are fast (hours to weeks), as in hydrothermal systems and restless volcanoes, continuous gravity observations at selected sites can help to capture many details of the dynamics of the intrusive sources. Despite the instrumental effects, mainly caused by atmospheric temperature, results from monitoring at Mt. Etna volcano show that continuous measurements are a powerful tool for monitoring and studying volcanoes. Several analytical and numerical mathematical models can be used to fit gravity and deformation data. Analytical models offer a closed-form description of the volcanic source. In principle, this allows one to readily infer the relative importance of the source parameters. In active volcanic sites such as Long Valley caldera (California, U.S.A.) and Campi Flegrei (Italy), careful use of analytical models and high-quality data sets has produced good results. However, the simplifications that make analytical models tractable might result in misleading volcanological interpretations, particularly when the real crust surrounding the source is far from the homogeneous/isotropic assumption. Using numerical models allows consideration of more realistic descriptions of the sources and of the crust where they are located (e.g., vertical and lateral mechanical discontinuities, complex source geometries, and topography). Applications at Teide volcano (Tenerife) and Campi Flegrei demonstrate the importance of this more realistic description in gravity calculations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.2977792","issn":"00168","usgsCitation":"Battaglia, M., Gottsmann, J., Carbone, D., and Fernandez, J., 2008, 4D volcano gravimetry: Geophysics, v. 73, no. 6, p. WA3-WA18, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2977792.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"WA3","endPage":"WA18","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476650,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/24116","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213415,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2977792"}],"volume":"73","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e26ae4b0c8380cd45b76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio","contributorId":32602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gottsmann, J.","contributorId":42043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottsmann","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carbone, D.","contributorId":92060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carbone","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fernandez, J.","contributorId":46229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032869,"text":"70032869 - 2008 - Parent-offspring communication in the western sandpiper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032869","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parent-offspring communication in the western sandpiper","docAbstract":"Western sandpiper (Calidris mauri) chicks are precocial and leave the nest shortly after hatch to forage independently. Chicks require thermoregulatory assistance from parents (brooding) for 5-7 days posthatch, and parents facilitate chick survival for 2-3 weeks posthatch by leading and defending chicks. Parental vocal signals are likely involved in protecting chicks from predators, preventing them from wandering away and becoming lost and leading them to good foraging locations. Using observational and experimental methods in the field, we describe and demonstrate the form and function of parent-chick communication in the western sandpiper. We document 4 distinct calls produced by parents that are apparently directed toward their chicks (brood, gather, alarm, and freeze calls). Through experimental playback of parental and non-parental vocalizations to chicks in a small arena, we demonstrated the following: 1) chicks respond to the alarm call by vocalizing relatively less often and moving away from the signal source, 2) chicks respond to the gather call by vocalizing relatively more often and moving toward the signal source, and 3) chicks respond to the freeze call by vocalizing relatively less often and crouching motionless on the substrate for extended periods of time. Chicks exhibited consistent directional movement and space use to parental and non-parental signals. Although fewer vocalizations were given in response to non-parental signals, which may indicate a weaker response to unfamiliar individuals, the relative number of chick calls given to each type of call signal was consistent between parental and non-parental signals. We also discovered 2 distinct chick vocalizations (chick-contact and chick-alarm calls) during arena playback experiments. Results indicate that sandpiper parents are able to elicit antipredatory chick behaviors and direct chick movement and vocalizations through vocal signals. Future study of parent-offspring communication should determine whether shorebird chicks exhibit parental recognition though vocalizations and the role of chick vocalizations in parental behavior. ?? The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behavioral Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arn003","issn":"10452249","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M., Aref, S., and Walters, J.R., 2008, Parent-offspring communication in the western sandpiper: Behavioral Ecology, v. 19, no. 3, p. 489-501, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arn003.","startPage":"489","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486998,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arn003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213872,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arn003"},{"id":241538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7508e4b0c8380cd7795e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, M.","contributorId":85531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aref, S.","contributorId":93712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aref","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, J. R.","contributorId":91061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033331,"text":"70033331 - 2008 - Measuring the electrical properties of soil using a calibrated ground-coupled GPR system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033331","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measuring the electrical properties of soil using a calibrated ground-coupled GPR system","docAbstract":"Traditional methods for estimating vadose zone soil properties using ground penetrating radar (GPR) include measuring travel time, fitting diffraction hyperbolae, and other methods exploiting geometry. Additional processing techniques for estimating soil properties are possible with properly calibrated GPR systems. Such calibration using ground-coupled antennas must account for the effects of the shallow soil on the antenna's response, because changing soil properties result in a changing antenna response. A prototype GPR system using ground-coupled antennas was calibrated using laboratory measurements and numerical simulations of the GPR components. Two methods for estimating subsurface properties that utilize the calibrated response were developed. First, a new nonlinear inversion algorithm to estimate shallow soil properties under ground-coupled antennas was evaluated. Tests with synthetic data showed that the inversion algorithm is well behaved across the allowed range of soil properties. A preliminary field test gave encouraging results, with estimated soil property uncertainties (????) of ??1.9 and ??4.4 mS/m for the relative dielectric permittivity and the electrical conductivity, respectively. Next, a deconvolution method for estimating the properties of subsurface reflectors with known shapes (e.g., pipes or planar interfaces) was developed. This method uses scattering matrices to account for the response of subsurface reflectors. The deconvolution method was evaluated for use with noisy data using synthetic data. Results indicate that the deconvolution method requires reflected waves with a signal/noise ratio of about 10:1 or greater. When applied to field data with a signal/noise ratio of 2:1, the method was able to estimate the reflection coefficient and relative permittivity, but the large uncertainty in this estimate precluded inversion for conductivity. ?? Soil Science Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Vadose Zone Journal","language":"English","doi":"10.2136/vzj2006.0128","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Oden, C., Olhoeft, G., Wright, D., and Powers, M., 2008, Measuring the electrical properties of soil using a calibrated ground-coupled GPR system, in Vadose Zone Journal, v. 7, no. 1, p. 171-183, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0128.","startPage":"171","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213264,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0128"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5353e4b0c8380cd6c9d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oden, C.P.","contributorId":13413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olhoeft, G.R.","contributorId":10405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olhoeft","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powers, M.H.","contributorId":40352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033508,"text":"70033508 - 2008 - Conservation genetics of Lake Superior brook trout: Issues, questions, and directions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033508","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Conservation genetics of Lake Superior brook trout: Issues, questions, and directions","docAbstract":"Parallel efforts by several genetic research groups have tackled common themes relating to management concerns about and recent rehabilitation opportunities for coaster brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Lake Superior. The questions that have been addressed include the evolutionary and genetic status of coaster brook trout, the degree of relatedness among coaster populations and their relationship to riverine tributary brook trout populations, and the role and effectiveness of stocking in maintaining and restoring coasters to Lake Superior. Congruent genetic results indicate that coasters are an ecotype (life history variant) rather than an evolutionarily significant unit or genetically distinct strain. Regional structure exists among brook trout stocks, coasters being produced from local populations. Introgression of hatchery genes into wild populations appears to vary regionally and may relate to local population size, habitat integrity, and anthropogenic pressures. Tracking the genetic diversity and integrity associated with captive breeding programs is helping to ensure that the fish used for stocking are representative of their source populations and appropriate for rehabilitation efforts. Comparative analysis of shared samples among collaborating laboratories is enabling standardization of genotype scoring and interpretation as well as the development of a common toolkit for assessing genetic structure and diversity. Incorporation of genetic data into rehabilitation projects will facilitate monitoring efforts and subsequent adaptive management. Together, these multifaceted efforts provide comprehensive insights into the biology of coaster brook trout and enhance restoration options. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M05-190.1","issn":"02755","usgsCitation":"Wilson, C., Stott, W., Miller, L., D’Amelio, S., Jennings, M.J., and Cooper, A., 2008, Conservation genetics of Lake Superior brook trout: Issues, questions, and directions, in North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1307-1320, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-190.1.","startPage":"1307","endPage":"1320","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214392,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M05-190.1"},{"id":242115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9dbe4b0c8380cd4d80b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, C.C.","contributorId":102987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stott, W.","contributorId":77734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stott","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, L.","contributorId":97221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"D’Amelio, S.","contributorId":21776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Amelio","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jennings, Martin J.","contributorId":6570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooper, A.M.","contributorId":100208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033005,"text":"70033005 - 2008 - The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T12:52:10","indexId":"70033005","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica","docAbstract":"The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA) is the first true-color, high-spatial-resolution image of the seventh continent. It is constructed from nearly 1100 individually selected Landsat-7 ETM+ scenes. Each image was orthorectified and adjusted for geometric, sensor and illumination variations to a standardized, almost seamless surface reflectance product. Mosaicing to avoid clouds produced a high quality, nearly cloud-free benchmark data set of Antarctica for the International Polar Year from images collected primarily during 1999-2003. Multiple color composites and enhancements were generated to illustrate additional characteristics of the multispectral data including: the true appearance of the surface; discrimination between snow and bare ice; reflectance variations within bright snow; recovered reflectance values in regions of sensor saturation; and subtle topographic variations associated with ice flow. LIMA is viewable and individual scenes or user defined portions of the mosaic are downloadable at http://lima.usgs.gov. Educational materials associated with LIMA are available at http://lima.nasa.gov.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.006","issn":"00344","usgsCitation":"Bindschadler, R., Vornberger, P., Fleming, A., Fox, A., Mullins, J., Binnie, D., Paulsen, S., Granneman, B.J., and Gorodetzky, D., 2008, The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 112, no. 12, p. 4214-4226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.006.","startPage":"4214","endPage":"4226","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213454,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.006"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","volume":"112","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7a8e4b08c986b3216f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bindschadler, Robert","contributorId":11112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bindschadler","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vornberger, P.","contributorId":29648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vornberger","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleming, A.","contributorId":103879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fox, A.","contributorId":52405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mullins, J.","contributorId":74585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Binnie, D.","contributorId":49187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binnie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Paulsen, S.J.","contributorId":84986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Granneman, Brian J. 0000-0002-1910-0955 grann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1910-0955","contributorId":4209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granneman","given":"Brian","email":"grann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gorodetzky, D.","contributorId":37159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorodetzky","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70033258,"text":"70033258 - 2008 - Trends in abundance of collared lemmings near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033258","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in abundance of collared lemmings near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada","docAbstract":"Regular, multiannual cycles observed in the population abundance of small mammals in many arctic and subarctic ecosystems have stimulated substantial research, particularly among population ecologists. Hypotheses of mechanisms generating regular cycles include predator-prey interactions, limitation of food resources, and migration or dispersal, as well as abiotic factors such as cyclic climatic variation and environmental stochasticity. In 2004 and 2005, we used indirect methods to estimate trends in population size of Richardson's collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx richardsoni) retrospectively, and evaluated the extent of synchrony between lemming populations at 2 coastal tundra study areas separated by approximately 60 km near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. We collected scars on willow plants (Salix) resulting from lemming feeding. Ages of scars ranged from 0 to 13 years at both study areas. Scar-age frequency appeared cyclic and we used nonlinear Poisson regression to model the observed scar-age frequency. Lemming populations cycled with 2.8-year periodicity and the phase of the cycle was synchronous between the 2 study areas. We suggest that our approach could be applied in multiple settings and may provide the most efficient way to gather data on small mammals across both space and time in a diversity of landscapes. ?? 2008 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/07-MAMM-A-046.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Reiter, M., and Andersen, D., 2008, Trends in abundance of collared lemmings near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 89, no. 1, p. 138-144, https://doi.org/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-046.1.","startPage":"138","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213191,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/07-MAMM-A-046.1"},{"id":240794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7dfe4b08c986b32752f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiter, M.E.","contributorId":80065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiter","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, D. E.","contributorId":27816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033205,"text":"70033205 - 2008 - An evaluation of the precision of fin ray, otolith, and scale age determinations for brook trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033205","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the precision of fin ray, otolith, and scale age determinations for brook trout","docAbstract":"The ages of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis are typically estimated using scales despite a lack of research documenting the effectiveness of this technique. The use of scales is often preferred because it is nonlethal and is believed to require less effort than alternative methods. To evaluate the relative effectiveness of different age estimation methodologies for brook trout, we measured the precision and processing times of scale, sagittal otolith, and pectoral fin ray age estimation techniques. Three independent readers, age bias plots, coefficients of variation (CV = 100 x SD/mean), and percent agreement (PA) were used to measure within-reader, among-structure bias and within-structure, among-reader precision. Bias was generally minimal; however, the age estimates derived from scales tended to be lower than those derived from otoliths within older (age > 2) cohorts. Otolith, fin ray, and scale age estimates were within 1 year of each other for 95% of the comparisons. The measures of precision for scales (CV = 6.59; PA = 82.30) and otoliths (CV = 7.45; PA = 81.48) suggest higher agreement between these structures than with fin rays (CV = 11.30; PA = 65.84). The mean per-sample processing times were lower for scale (13.88 min) and otolith techniques (12.23 min) than for fin ray techniques (22.68 min). The comparable processing times of scales and otoliths contradict popular belief and are probably a result of the high proportion of regenerated scales within samples and the ability to infer age from whole (as opposed to sectioned) otoliths. This research suggests that while scales produce age estimates rivaling those of otoliths for younger (age > 3) cohorts, they may be biased within older cohorts and therefore should be used with caution. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M07-187.1","issn":"02755","usgsCitation":"Stolarski, J., and Hartman, K., 2008, An evaluation of the precision of fin ray, otolith, and scale age determinations for brook trout: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1790-1795, https://doi.org/10.1577/M07-187.1.","startPage":"1790","endPage":"1795","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213429,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M07-187.1"},{"id":241054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea58e4b0c8380cd487ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stolarski, J.T.","contributorId":96487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolarski","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartman, K.J.","contributorId":64007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033206,"text":"70033206 - 2008 - Using the FORE-SCE model to project land-cover change in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:39:52","indexId":"70033206","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using the FORE-SCE model to project land-cover change in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"A wide variety of ecological applications require spatially explicit current and projected land-use and land-cover data. The southeastern United States has experienced massive land-use change since European settlement and continues to experience extremely high rates of forest cutting, significant urban development, and changes in agricultural land use. Forest-cover patterns and structure are projected to change dramatically in the southeastern United States in the next 50 years due to population growth and demand for wood products [Wear, D.N., Greis, J.G. (Eds.), 2002. Southern Forest Resource Assessment. General Technical Report SRS-53. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC, 635 pp]. Along with our climate partners, we are examining the potential effects of southeastern U.S. land-cover change on regional climate. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Land Cover Trends project is analyzing contemporary (1973-2000) land-cover change in the conterminous United States, providing ecoregion-by-ecoregion estimates of the rates of change, descriptive transition matrices, and changes in landscape metrics. The FORecasting SCEnarios of future land-cover (FORE-SCE) model used Land Cover Trends data and theoretical, statistical, and deterministic modeling techniques to project future land-cover change through 2050 for the southeastern United States. Prescriptions for future proportions of land cover for this application were provided by ecoregion-based extrapolations of historical change. Logistic regression was used to develop relationships between suspected drivers of land-cover change and land cover, resulting in the development of probability-of-occurrence surfaces for each unique land-cover type. Forest stand age was initially established with Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data and tracked through model iterations. The spatial allocation procedure placed patches of new land cover on the landscape until the scenario prescriptions were met, using measured Land Cover Trends data to guide patch characteristics and the probability surfaces to guide placement. The approach provides an efficient method for extrapolating historical land-cover trends and is amenable to the incorporation of more detailed and focused studies for the establishment of scenario prescriptions.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.08.003","issn":"03043","usgsCitation":"Sohl, T., and Sayler, K., 2008, Using the FORE-SCE model to project land-cover change in the southeastern United States: Ecological Modelling, v. 219, no. 1-2, p. 49-65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.08.003.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213430,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.08.003"}],"volume":"219","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0aee4b08c986b32a276","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sohl, Terry 0000-0002-9771-4231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":81861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sayler, Kristi L. 0000-0003-2514-242X sayler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-242X","contributorId":2988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayler","given":"Kristi","email":"sayler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033410,"text":"70033410 - 2008 - Sensitivity of June near‐surface temperatures and precipitation in the eastern United States to historical land cover changes since European settlement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:02:40","indexId":"70033410","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of June near‐surface temperatures and precipitation in the eastern United States to historical land cover changes since European settlement","docAbstract":"Land cover changes alter the near surface weather and climate. Changes in land surface properties such as albedo, roughness length, stomatal resistance, and leaf area index alter the surface energy balance, leading to differences in near surface temperatures. This study utilized a newly developed land cover data set for the eastern United States to examine the influence of historical land cover change on June temperatures and precipitation. The new data set contains representations of the land cover and associated biophysical parameters for 1650, 1850, 1920, and 1992, capturing the clearing of the forest and the expansion of agriculture over the eastern United States from 1650 to the early twentieth century and the subsequent forest regrowth. The data set also includes the inferred distribution of potentially water‐saturated soils at each time slice for use in the sensitivity tests. The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System, equipped with the Land Ecosystem‐Atmosphere Feedback (LEAF‐2) land surface parameterization, was used to simulate the weather of June 1996 using the 1992, 1920, 1850, and 1650 land cover representations. The results suggest that changes in surface roughness and stomatal resistance have caused present‐day maximum and minimum temperatures in the eastern United States to warm by about 0.3°C and 0.4°C, respectively, when compared to values in 1650. In contrast, the maximum temperatures have remained about the same, while the minimums have cooled by about 0.1°C when compared to 1920. Little change in precipitation was found.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006546","usgsCitation":"Strack, J.E., Pielke, R.A., Steyaert, L.T., and Knox, R.G., 2008, Sensitivity of June near‐surface temperatures and precipitation in the eastern United States to historical land cover changes since European settlement: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 11, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006546.","productDescription":"Article W11401; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006546","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d27e4b08c986b31829d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strack, John E.","contributorId":41346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strack","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pielke, Roger A. Sr.","contributorId":32762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pielke","given":"Roger","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, Louis T.","contributorId":24689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knox, Robert G.","contributorId":2767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knox","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033507,"text":"70033507 - 2008 - Understanding the relationship between audiomagnetotelluric data and models, and borehole data in a hydrological environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033507","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Understanding the relationship between audiomagnetotelluric data and models, and borehole data in a hydrological environment","docAbstract":"Audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) data and resulting models are analyzed with respect to geophysical and geological borehole logs in order to clarify the relationship between the two methodologies of investigation of a hydrological environment. Several profiles of AMT data collected in basins in southwestern United States are being used for groundwater exploration and hydrogeological framework studies. In a systematic manner, the AMT data and models are compared to borehole data by computing the equivalent one-dimensional AMT model and comparing with the two-dimensional (2-D) inverse AMT model. The spatial length is used to determine if the well is near enough to the AMT profile to quantify the relationship between the two datasets, and determine the required resolution of the AMT data and models. The significance of the quality of the borehole data when compared to the AMT data is also examined.","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.3063902","issn":"10523","usgsCitation":"McPhee, D., and Pellerin, L., 2008, Understanding the relationship between audiomagnetotelluric data and models, and borehole data in a hydrological environment, in SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 27, no. 1, p. 2684-2688, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3063902.","startPage":"2684","endPage":"2688","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214391,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3063902"},{"id":242114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc5fe4b08c986b328bbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPhee, D.K.","contributorId":96775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, L.","contributorId":94073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180879,"text":"70180879 - 2008 - Stable isotope and trace element studies of black bear hair, Big Bend ecosystem, Texas and Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T14:06:22","indexId":"70180879","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"title":"Stable isotope and trace element studies of black bear hair, Big Bend ecosystem, Texas and Mexico","docAbstract":"Hair from black bears (Ursus americanus), collected from four areas in the Big Bend ecosystem, has been analyzed for stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur to determine major food sources and for trace metals to infer possible effects of environmental contaminants. Results indicate that black bears are largely vegetarian, feeding on desert plants, nuts, and berries. Mercury concentrations in bear hair are below safe level standards (
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological, geochemical, and geophysical studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Big Bend National Park, Texas (Circular 1327)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Shanks, W.P., Hellgren, E.C., Stricker, C.A., Gemery-Hill, P.A., and Onorato, D.P., 2008, Stable isotope and trace element studies of black bear hair, Big Bend ecosystem, Texas and Mexico, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"84","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334830,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1327/pdf/Circular_1327.pdf#page=85"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58999944e4b0efcedb71a0a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanks, W.C. Pat III","contributorId":93949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"W.C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Pat","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hellgren, Eric C.","contributorId":179106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hellgren","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gemery-Hill, Pamela A.","contributorId":98827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gemery-Hill","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Onorato, David P.","contributorId":52704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onorato","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032592,"text":"70032592 - 2008 - Geologic effects and coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise, erosion, and storms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T11:13:14","indexId":"70032592","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geologic effects and coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise, erosion, and storms","docAbstract":"A combination of natural and human factors are driving coastal change and making coastal regions and populations increasingly vulnerable. Sea level, a major agent of coastal erosion, has varied greatly from -120 m below present during glacial period low-stands to + 4 to 6 m above present during interglacial warm periods. Geologic and tide gauge data show that global sea level has risen about 12 to 15 cm during the past century with satellite measurements indicating an acceleration since the early 1990s due to thermal expansion and ice-sheet melting. Land subsidence due to tectonic forces and sediment compaction in regions like the mid-Atlantic and Louisiana increase the rate of relative sea-level rise to 40 cm to 100 cm per century. Sea- level rise is predicted to accelerate significantly in the near future due to climate change, resulting in pervasive impacts to coastal regions and putting populations increasingly at risk. The full implications of climate change for coastal systems need to be understood better and long-term plans are needed to manage coasts in order to protect natural resources and mitigate the effects of sea-level rise and increased storms on human infrastructure.
","largerWorkTitle":"Solutions to Coastal Disasters Congress 2008 - Proceedings of the Solutions to Coastal Disasters Congress 2008","conferenceTitle":"Solutions to Coastal Disasters Congress 2008","conferenceDate":"April 13-16, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Oahu, HI","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40968(312)1","isbn":"9780784409688","usgsCitation":"Williams, S., Gutierrez, B., Thieler, E., and Pendleton, E., 2008, Geologic effects and coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise, erosion, and storms, in Solutions to Coastal Disasters Congress 2008 - Proceedings of the Solutions to Coastal Disasters Congress 2008, v. 312, Oahu, HI, April 13-16, 2008, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1061/40968(312)1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"312","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1951e4b0c8380cd55954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, S.J.","contributorId":85203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutierrez, B.T.","contributorId":86571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thieler, E.R. 0000-0003-4311-9717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":93082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pendleton, E.","contributorId":37548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032758,"text":"70032758 - 2008 - Multiyear riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for a semiarid watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032758","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiyear riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for a semiarid watershed","docAbstract":"Riparian evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the surface and subsurface water balance for many semiarid watersheds. Measurement or model-based estimates of ET are often made on a local scale, but spatially distributed estimates are needed to determine ET over catchments. In this paper, we document the ET that was quantified over 3 years using eddy covariance for three riparian ecosystems along the Upper San Pedro River of southeastern Arizona, USA, and we use a water balance equation to determine annual groundwater use. Riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for the watershed were then determined by using a calibrated, empirical model that uses 16-day, 250-1000 m remote-sensing products for the years of 2001-2005. The inputs for the model were derived entirely from the NASA MODIS sensor and consisted of the Enhanced Vegetation Index and land surface temperature. The scaling model was validated using subsets of the entire dataset (omitting different sites or years) and its capable performance for well-watered sites (MAD=0.32 mm day-1, R2=0.93) gave us confidence in using it to determine ET over the watershed. Three years of eddy covariance data for the riparian sites reveal that ET and groundwater use increased as woody plant density increased. Groundwater use was less variable at the woodland site, which had the greatest density of phreatophytes. Annual riparian groundwater use within the watershed was nearly constant over the study period despite an on-going drought. For the San Pedro alone, the amounts determined in this paper are within the range of most recently reported values that were derived using an entirely different approach. However, because of our larger estimates for groundwater use for the main tributary of the San Pedro, the watershed totals were higher. The approach presented here can provide riparian ET and groundwater use amounts that reflect real natural variability in phreatophyte withdrawals and improve the accuracy of a watershed's water budget. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.01.001","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Scott, R., Cable, W., Huxman, T., Nagler, P., Hernandez, M., and Goodrich, D., 2008, Multiyear riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for a semiarid watershed: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 72, no. 7, p. 1232-1246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.01.001.","startPage":"1232","endPage":"1246","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213770,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.01.001"}],"volume":"72","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60bfe4b0c8380cd7165c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, R.L.","contributorId":103865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cable, W.L.","contributorId":24578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cable","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huxman, T. E.","contributorId":33825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huxman","given":"T. E.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hernandez, M.","contributorId":10234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernandez","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goodrich, D.C.","contributorId":98492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodrich","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178103,"text":"70178103 - 2008 - Baseline studies in the Elwha River ecosystem prior to dam removal: Introduction to the special issue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T11:36:06","indexId":"70178103","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseline studies in the Elwha River ecosystem prior to dam removal: Introduction to the special issue","docAbstract":"The planned removal of two dams that have been in place for over 95 years on the Elwha River provides a unique opportunity to study dam removal effects. Among the largest dams ever considered for removal, this project is compelling because 83% of the watershed lies undisturbed in Olympic National Park. Eighteen million cubic meters of sediment have accumulated in and will be released from the reservoirs, and there is potential for rehabilitating depressed Pacific salmon runs. Researchers from academia, non-profit organizations, federal and state governments, and the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe are currently assessing baseline ecological conditions of the Elwha River as part of dam removal studies. We introduce dam removal topics, provide a brief history of the dams, and summarize the ecology of the Elwha River basin as an introduction to a special issue devoted to research in the watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","doi":"10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.1","usgsCitation":"Duda, J.J., Freilich, J., and Schreiner, E.G., 2008, Baseline studies in the Elwha River ecosystem prior to dam removal: Introduction to the special issue: Northwest Science, v. 82, no. sp1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3955/0029-344x-82.s.i.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwa river basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.62777709960939,\n 48.14501426822942\n ],\n [\n -123.74862670898436,\n 48.085418575511966\n ],\n [\n -123.77197265625,\n 47.95038564051012\n ],\n [\n -123.64837646484375,\n 47.77625204393233\n ],\n [\n -123.59344482421874,\n 47.64873730307524\n ],\n [\n -123.34075927734375,\n 47.702368466573716\n ],\n [\n -123.31192016601561,\n 47.94026691125948\n ],\n [\n -123.38882446289061,\n 48.11476663187632\n ],\n [\n -123.55361938476562,\n 48.154176701412744\n ],\n [\n -123.62777709960939,\n 48.14501426822942\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"sp1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581afb67e4b0bb36a4ca6651","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":145486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freilich, Jerry","contributorId":42518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freilich","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schreiner, Edward G.","contributorId":29371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiner","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179375,"text":"70179375 - 2008 - Estimates of fish-, spill-, and sluiceway-passage efficiencies of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon during spring and summer at The Dalles Dam in 2005: Final report of research during 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-29T14:40:05","indexId":"70179375","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Estimates of fish-, spill-, and sluiceway-passage efficiencies of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon during spring and summer at The Dalles Dam in 2005: Final report of research during 2005","docAbstract":"n/a
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Hansel, H., Juhnke, S., Haner, P., Dingmon, L., and Beeman, J., 2008, Estimates of fish-, spill-, and sluiceway-passage efficiencies of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon during spring and summer at The Dalles Dam in 2005: Final report of research during 2005, 106 p.","productDescription":"106 p.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f16e4b0cd2dabe7c4c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansel, H.C.","contributorId":34624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juhnke, S.D.","contributorId":177771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juhnke","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haner, P.V.","contributorId":63912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dingmon, L.","contributorId":65286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dingmon","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032759,"text":"70032759 - 2008 - Increased terrestrial to ocean sediment and carbon fluxes in the northern Chesapeake Bay associated with twentieth century land alteration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032759","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased terrestrial to ocean sediment and carbon fluxes in the northern Chesapeake Bay associated with twentieth century land alteration","docAbstract":"We calculated Chesapeake Bay (CB) sediment and carbon fluxes before and after major anthropogenic land clearance using robust monitoring, modeling and sedimentary data. Four distinct fluxes in the estuarine system were considered including (1) the flux of eroded material from the watershed to streams, (2) the flux of suspended sediment at river fall lines, (3) the burial flux in tributary sediments, and (4) the burial flux in main CB sediments. The sedimentary maximum in Ambrosia (ragweed) pollen marked peak land clearance (~1900 a.d.). Rivers feeding CB had a total organic carbon (TOC)/total suspended solids of 0.24??0.12, and we used this observation to calculate TOC fluxes from sediment fluxes. Sediment and carbon fluxes increased by 138-269% across all four regions after land clearance. Our results demonstrate that sediment delivery to CB is subject to significant lags and that excess post-land clearance sediment loads have not reached the ocean. Post-land clearance increases in erosional flux from watersheds, and burial in estuaries are important processes that must be considered to calculate accurate global sediment and carbon budgets. ?? 2008 Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12237-008-9048-5","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Saenger, C., Cronin, T.M., Willard, D., Halka, J., and Kerhin, R., 2008, Increased terrestrial to ocean sediment and carbon fluxes in the northern Chesapeake Bay associated with twentieth century land alteration: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 31, no. 3, p. 492-500, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9048-5.","startPage":"492","endPage":"500","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213802,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9048-5"},{"id":241461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39fde4b0c8380cd61af6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saenger, C.","contributorId":19363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saenger","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willard, D. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":67676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halka, J.","contributorId":40021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kerhin, R.","contributorId":25317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerhin","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}