{"pageNumber":"2227","pageRowStart":"55650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68880,"records":[{"id":2129,"text":"wsp2057 - 1979 - Hydrology and surface morphology of the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley Playa, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10049,"text":"ofr7818 - 1977 - Hydrology and surface morphology of the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley playa, Utah","indexId":"ofr7818","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and surface morphology of the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley playa, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2129,"text":"wsp2057 - 1979 - Hydrology and surface morphology of the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley Playa, Utah","indexId":"wsp2057","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and surface morphology of the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley Playa, Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-03T10:07:56","indexId":"wsp2057","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2057","title":"Hydrology and surface morphology of the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley Playa, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley are in the western part of the Great Salt Lake Desert in northwest Utah. The areas are separate, though similar, hydrologic basins, and both contain a salt crust. The Bonneville salt crust covered about 40 square miles in the fall of 1976, and the salt crust in Pilot Valley covered 7 square miles. Both areas lack any noticeable surface relief (in 1976, 1.3 feet on the Bonneville salt crust and 0.3 foot on the Pilot Valley salt crust).</p><p>The salt crust on the Salt Flats has been used for many years for automobile racing, and brines from shallow lacustrine deposits have been used for the production of potash. In recent years, there has been an apparent conflict between these two major uses of the area as the salt crust has diminished in both thickness and extent. Much of the Bonneville Racetrack has become rougher, and there has also been an increase in the amount of sediment on the south end of the racetrack. The Pilot Valley salt crust and surrounding playa have been largely unused.</p><p>Evaporite minerals on the Salt Flats and the Pilot Valley playa are concentrated in three zones: (1) a carbonate zone composed mainly of authigenic clay-size carbonate minerals, (2) a sulfate zone composed mainly of authigenic gypsum, and (3) a chloride zone composed of crystalline halite (the salt crust). Five major types of salt crust were recognized on the Salt Flats, but only one type was observed in Pilot Valley. Geomorphic differences in the salt crust are caused by differences in their hydrologic environments. The salt crusts are dynamic features that are subject to change because of climatic factors and man's activities.</p><p>Ground water occurs in three distinct aquifers in much of the western Great Salt Lake Desert: (1) the basin-fill aquifer, which yields water from conglomerate in the lower part of the basin fill, (2) the alluvial-fan aquifer, which yields water from sand and gravel along the western margins of both playas, and (3) the shallow-brine aquifer, which yields water from near-surface carbonate muds and crystalline halite and gypsum. The shallow-brine aquifer is the main source of brine used for the production of potash on the Salt Flats.</p><p>Recharge to that part of the shallow-brine aquifer north of Interstate Highway 80 on the Salt Flats is mainly by infiltration of precipitation and wind-driven floods of surface brine. Discharge was mainly by evaporation at the playa surface and withdrawals from brine-collection ditches. Some water was transpired by phreatophytes, and some leaked into the alluvial fan along the western edge of the playa.</p><p>Salt-scraping studies indicate that the amount of halite on the Salt Flats is directly related to the amount of recharge through the surface (which causes re-solution of halite) and the amount of evaporation at the surface (which causes crystallization of halite). Evaporation rates through sediment-covered salt crust and the gypsum surface were estimated at between 3x10<sup>-4</sup> and 4x10<sup>-3</sup> inches per day during the summer and fall of 1976. Evaporation rates through the surface of thick perennial salt crust were much higher.</p><p>The concentration of dissolved solids in brine in the shallow-brine aquifer varies, but it generally increases from the edges of the playas toward areas of salt crust. Dissolved-solids concentration in the shallow brine ranges from less than 100,000 to more than 300,000 milligrams per liter on both playas. The increase in salinity toward areas of salt crust reflects the natural direction of brine movement through the aquifer toward the natural discharge area.</p><p>On the Salt Flats, the percentages of dissolved potassium chloride and magnesium chloride in the shallow-brine aquifer generally increase from the edge of the playa to- ward the salt crust. The relative enrichment in potassium and magnesium reflects the many years of subsurface drainage toward the main discharge area (the salt crust) prior to man's withdrawal of brine. By artificially extracting brines from the carbonate muds, the percentages of potassium and magnesium have decreased while brine salinity has been maintained by re-solution of the salt crust.</p><p>The configuration of the density-corrected potentiometric surface in the fall of 1976 indicates that brine in the shallow-brine aquifer under the Bonneville Racetrack was draining toward brine-collection ditches or a well field to the west. Ground-water divides have no effect on the movement of dissolved salt across the surface in wind-driven floods, and salt in surface brine was carried from the racetrack into the area of influence of the ditches by such surface movement. During 1976 on the Salt Flats, some brine was moving through the shallow-brine aquifer across lease and property boundaries.</p><p>An evaluation of suggested remedial measures indicates that none will completely eliminate the conflict between uses or transform the Bonneville Salt Flats to its original state prior to man's activities in the area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2057","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Lines, G.C., 1979, Hydrology and surface morphology of the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley Playa, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2057, vii, 107 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2057.","productDescription":"vii, 107 p.","numberOfPages":"117","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2057/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27729,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2057/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bonneville Salt Flats, Pilot Valley Playa","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e898","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lines, Gregory C.","contributorId":50502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lines","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2182,"text":"wsp1532I - 1979 - Effects of grazing on runoff and sediment yield from desert rangeland at Badger Wash in western Colorado, 1953-73","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10117,"text":"ofr78165 - 1978 - Effects of grazing on runoff and sediment yield from desert rangeland at Badger Wash in western Colorado, 1953-73","indexId":"ofr78165","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of grazing on runoff and sediment yield from desert rangeland at Badger Wash in western Colorado, 1953-73"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2182,"text":"wsp1532I - 1979 - Effects of grazing on runoff and sediment yield from desert rangeland at Badger Wash in western Colorado, 1953-73","indexId":"wsp1532I","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Effects of grazing on runoff and sediment yield from desert rangeland at Badger Wash in western Colorado, 1953-73"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T19:50:06.11252","indexId":"wsp1532I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1532","chapter":"I","title":"Effects of grazing on runoff and sediment yield from desert rangeland at Badger Wash in western Colorado, 1953-73","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrologic effects of land use","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1532I","usgsCitation":"Lusby, G.C., 1979, Effects of grazing on runoff and sediment yield from desert rangeland at Badger Wash in western Colorado, 1953-73: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1532, Report: iv, I34 p.; Plate, 19.00 x 12.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1532I.","productDescription":"Report: iv, I34 p.; Plate, 19.00 x 12.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394049,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24712.htm"},{"id":138238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1532i/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27805,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1532i/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27806,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1532i/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Badger Wash","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.948,\n              39.292\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.91,\n              39.292\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.91,\n              39.356\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.948,\n              39.356\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.948,\n              39.292\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62564f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lusby, Gregg C.","contributorId":68290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusby","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1142,"text":"wsp1757O - 1979 - The corrosive well waters of Egypt's western desert","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18481,"text":"ofr78892 - 1978 - The corrosive well waters of Egypt's Western Desert","indexId":"ofr78892","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"The corrosive well waters of Egypt's Western Desert"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1142,"text":"wsp1757O - 1979 - The corrosive well waters of Egypt's western desert","indexId":"wsp1757O","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"chapter":"O","title":"The corrosive well waters of Egypt's western desert"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp1757O","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1757","chapter":"O","title":"The corrosive well waters of Egypt's western desert","docAbstract":"The discovery that ground waters of Egypt's Western Desert are highly corrosive is lost in antiquity. Inhabitants of the oases have been aware of the troublesome property for many decades and early investigators mention it in their reports concerning the area. Introduction of modern well-drilling techniques and replacements of native wood casing with steel during the 20th century increased corrosion problems and, in what is called the New Valley Project, led to an intense search for causes and corrective treatments. This revealed that extreme corrosiveness results from combined effects of relatively acidic waters with significant concentrations of destructive sulfide ion; unfavorable ratios of sulfate and chloride to less aggressive ions; mineral equilibria and electrode potential which hinder formation of protective films; relative high chemical reaction rates because of abnormal temperatures, and high surface velocities related to well design. \r\n\r\nThere is general agreement among investigators that conventional corrosion control methods such as coating metal surfaces, chemical treatment of the water, and electrolytic protection with impressed current and sacrificial electrodes are ineffective or impracticable for wells in the Western Desert's New Valley. Thus, control must be sought through the use of materials more resistant to corrosion than plain carbon steel wherever well screens and casings are necessary. Of the alternatives considered, stainless steel appears to. be the most promising where high strength and long-term services are required and the alloy's relatively high cost is acceptable. Epoxy resin-bonded fiberglass and wood appear to be practicable, relatively inexpensive alternatives for installations which do. not exceed their strength limitations. Other materials such as high strength aluminum and Monel Metal have shown sufficient promise to. merit their consideration in particular locations and uses. The limited experience with pumping in these desert wells leaves uncertainties concerning the durability of conventional pump designs. \r\n\r\nEgypt's New Valley Project provides an excellent opportunity for continuing study of the corrosion problems that concern ground-water developers in many parts of the world.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1757O","usgsCitation":"Clarke, F., 1979, The corrosive well waters of Egypt's western desert: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1757, v, 55 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1757O.","productDescription":"v, 55 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757o/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25923,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757o/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66890d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, Frank Eldridge","contributorId":107255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"Frank Eldridge","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2670,"text":"wsp2065 - 1979 - Arctic stream processes--an annotated bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp2065","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2065","title":"Arctic stream processes--an annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"This bibliography selectively summarizes investigations to date (1978) dealing with the physical processes of streams in the Arctic. The specialized annotations include aspects of stream processes described in subordinate parts of general papers on the arctic environment and therefore not evident in author-abstract bibliographies. Foreign contributions--Canadian, Scandinavian, and Russian--are summarized, in the case of Russian literature primarily by means of papers in translation journals. Until 1970 the role of streams in development of the arctic landscape was commonly considered subordinate to that of glacial and frost-related processes. This conclusion changed, however, with the findings of the many new studies begun in response to oil and gas discoveries in the late 1960's. The conclusions of these studies, made to provide both the engineering data for resource development and the information to assess the impacts of that development, were in general agreement that stream processes throughout most of the Arctic were significantly more important than previously had been thought.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2065","usgsCitation":"Scott, K.M., 1979, Arctic stream processes--an annotated bibliography: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2065, iii, 78 p. ; 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2065.","productDescription":"iii, 78 p. ; 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2065/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29021,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2065/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674c1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Kevin M.","contributorId":88331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":145585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2396,"text":"wsp2060 - 1979 - Simulation analysis of the unconfined aquifer, Raft River geothermal area, Idaho-Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T22:36:44.732243","indexId":"wsp2060","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2060","title":"Simulation analysis of the unconfined aquifer, Raft River geothermal area, Idaho-Utah","docAbstract":"<p>This study covers about 1,000 mi<sup>2</sup> (2,600 km<sup>2</sup> ) of the southern Raft River drainage basin in south-central Idaho and northwest Utah. The main area of interest, approximately 200 mi2 (520 km<sup>2</sup> ) of semiarid agricultural and rangeland in the southern Raft River Valley that includes the known Geothermal Resource Area near Bridge, Idaho, was modelled numerically to evaluate the hydrodynamics of the unconfined aquifer. Computed and estimated transmissivity values range from 1,200 feet squared per day (110 meters squared per day) to 73,500 feet squared per day (6,830 meters squared per day). Water budgets, including ground-water recharge and discharge for approximate equilibrium conditions, have been computed by several previous investigators; their estimates of available ground-water recharge range from about 46,000 acre-feet per year (57 cubic hectometers per year) to 100,000 acre-feet per year (123 cubic hectometers per year).</p><p>Simulation modeling of equilibrium conditions represented by 1952 water levels suggests: (1) recharge to the water-table aquifer is about 63,000 acre-feet per year (77 cubic hectometers per year); (2) a significant volume of ground water is discharged through evapotranspiration by phreatophytes growing on the valley bottomlands; (3) the major source of recharge may be from upward leakage of water from a deeper, confined reservoir; and (4) the aquifer transmissivity probably does not exceed about 12,000 feet squared per day (3,100 meters squared per day). Additional analysis carried out by simulating transient conditions from 1952 to 1965 strongly suggests that aquifer transmissivity does not exceed about 7,700 feet squared per day (700 meters squared per day). The model was calibrated using slightly modified published pumpage data; it satisfactorily reproduced the historic water-level decline over the period 1952-65.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2060","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W., 1979, Simulation analysis of the unconfined aquifer, Raft River geothermal area, Idaho-Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2060, iv, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2060.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2060/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2060/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410592,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25431.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Raft River geothermal area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.5,\n              42.325\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.5,\n              41.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.208,\n              41.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.208,\n              42.325\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.5,\n              42.325\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685aac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, William D.","contributorId":98296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2181,"text":"wsp1532J - 1979 - Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10116,"text":"ofr78289 - 1978 - Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado","indexId":"ofr78289","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2181,"text":"wsp1532J - 1979 - Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado","indexId":"wsp1532J","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"chapter":"J","title":"Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T22:44:43.288576","indexId":"wsp1532J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1532","chapter":"J","title":"Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado","docAbstract":"Changes in runoff and sediment yield caused by changing sagebrush cover to grass \r\ncover were studied at four small watersheds in western Colorado during a 9-year \r\nperiod, from 1965 to 1978. Measurements of runoff and sediment yield from the four \r\nwatersheds were made for 8 years, at which time two watersheds were plowed and \r\nseeded to beardless bluebunch wheatgrass. The same measurements were then continued for an additional 6 years. \r\n\r\nMeasurements indicated that conversion to grass caused a reduction in runoff from \r\nsummer rainstorms of about 75 percent. Runoff from spring snowmelt increased about \r\n12 percent, and annual runoff from treated watersheds decreased about 20 percent \r\nwhen compared to control watersheds. Sediment yield from the seeded watersheds was \r\nreduced by about 80 percent; most of this reduction is related to the decrease in runoff \r\nfrom summer rainstorms. \r\n\r\nThe size of barren interspaces between plants was reduced on the converted water- \r\nsheds to about 30 percent of those on the untreated watersheds. Linear regression \r\nanalysis indicates that a reduction of 38 percent in the amount of bare soil resulting \r\nfrom planting grass would result in a decrease of 73 percent in sediment concentration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1532J","usgsCitation":"Lusby, G.C., 1979, Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1532, Report: iv, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 x 15.80 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1532J.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 x 15.80 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109969,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24713.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24713"},{"id":27804,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1532j/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27803,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1532j/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138237,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1532j/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Boco Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.687,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.687,\n              39.739\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.667,\n              39.739\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.667,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.687,\n              39.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lusby, Gregg C.","contributorId":68290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusby","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1047,"text":"wsp2058 - 1979 - Dissolved-oxygen depletion and other effects of storing water in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming and Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7976,"text":"ofr7892 - 1978 - Dissolved-oxygen depletion and other effects of storing water in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming and Utah","indexId":"ofr7892","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Dissolved-oxygen depletion and other effects of storing water in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming and Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1047,"text":"wsp2058 - 1979 - Dissolved-oxygen depletion and other effects of storing water in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming and Utah","indexId":"wsp2058","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Dissolved-oxygen depletion and other effects of storing water in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming and Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-03T10:01:55","indexId":"wsp2058","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2058","title":"Dissolved-oxygen depletion and other effects of storing water in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming and Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The circulation of water in Flaming Gorge Reservoir is caused chiefly by insolation, inflow-outflow relationships, and wind, which is significant due to the geographical location of the reservoir. During 1970-75, there was little annual variation in the thickness, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance of the hypolimnion near Flaming Gorge Dam. Depletion of dissolved oxygen occurred simultaneously in the bottom waters of both tributary arms in the upstream part of the reservoir and was due to reservoir stratification. Anaerobic conditions in the bottom water during summer stratification eventually results in a metalimnetic oxygen minimum in the reservoir.</p><p>The depletion of flow in the river below Flaming Gorge Dam due to evaporation and bank storage in the reservoir for the 1963-75 period was 1,320 cubic hectometers, and the increase of dissolved-solids load in the river was 1,947,000 metric tons. The largest annual variations in dissolved-solids concentration in the river was about 600 milligrams per liter before closure of the dam and about 200 milligrams per liter after closure. The discharge weighted-average dissolved-solids concentration for the 5 years prior to closure was 386 milligrams per liter and 512 milligrams per liter after closure. The most significant changes in the individual dissolved-ion loads in the river during 1973-75 were the increase in sulfate (0.46 million metric tons), which was probably derived from the solution of gypsum, and the decrease in bicarbonate (0.39 million metric tons), which can be attributed to chemical precipitation.</p><p>The maximum range in temperature in the Green River below the reservoir prior to closure of the dam in 1962 was from 0°C in winter to 21°C in summer. After closure until 1970 the temperature ranged from 2° to 12°C, but since 1970 the range has been from 4° to 9°C.</p><p>The maximum range in temperature in the Green River below the reservoir prior to closure of the dam in 1962 was from 0°C in winter to 21°C in summer. After closure until 1970 the temperature ranged from 2° to 12°C, but since 1970 the range has been from 4° to 9°C.During September 1975, a massive algal bloom was observed in the upstream part of the reservoir. The bloom covered approximately 16 kilometers of the lower part of the Blacks Fork arm, 23 kilometers of the lower part of the Green River arm, and 15 kilometers of the main reservoir below the confluence of the two arms. By October 1975 the algal bloom had disappeared. Nutrient loading in the reservoir was not sufficient to maintain a rate of algal production that would be disastrous to the reservoir ecosystem. However, should the nutrient loading increase substantially, the quality of the reservoir water could probably deteriorate rapidly, and its use for recreation and water supply could be severely limited.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2058","usgsCitation":"Bolke, E., 1979, Dissolved-oxygen depletion and other effects of storing water in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2058, iv, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2058.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2058/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25711,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2058/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Flaming Gorge Reservoir","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae9fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolke, E.L.","contributorId":52151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9871,"text":"ofr79221 - 1979 - Use of U.S. Geological Survey earth-science products by selected regional agencies in the San Francisco Bay region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-15T16:27:44.450331","indexId":"ofr79221","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-221","title":"Use of U.S. Geological Survey earth-science products by selected regional agencies in the San Francisco Bay region, California","docAbstract":"<p>An inventory of the use of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) products in studies, plans, implementation, and other planning activities was made for seven selected regional agencies in the San Francisco Bay region -- a region of over five million people. This inventory was designed to determine and document the use of over 100 earth-science products prepared as a part of the San Francisco Bay Region Environment and Resources Planning Study (SFBRS).</p><p>The inventory showed that: (1) all seven agencies have staff members who are familiar with SFBRS products and make frequent use of them; (2) all seven agencies have prepared planning documents citing SFBRS products; (3) the types of planning applications most often indicated were water-quality and physical resources studies, potential site evaluation, and general reference; (4) almost 80 percent of the over 100 SFBRS products were used at least once, and eleven of the products were used 20 or more times each for various regional planning activities; and (5) at least 46 other USGS products were also used for various regional planning activities.</p><p>During the inventory, over 50 regional agency. officials, employees, and consultants were interviewed and asked -- among other things -- to indicate any problems they had noted in the use of the SFBRS products, to suggest improvements, and to identify any additional earth-science information needed or desired. The responses showed that: (1) the scales commonly used for \"work\" maps were 1:62,500 or larger, and for \"implementation\" maps were 1:24,000 or larger; (2) two agencies have a geologist on their planning staff, others have staff members with training or experience in earth-science or engineering, and all had the benefit of geotechnical services from outside their agency; (3) all seven agencies experienced some problems in using the products, primarily because the scale was too small or the detail not great enough; (4) all seven agencies expressed interest in the topical interpretive reports in preparation and a need or desire for additional earth-science, engineering, or other related information; (5) six of the seven agencies suggested specific improvements to future products -- primarily larger scale or more detail and less technical or more interpretive information; and (6) all seven agencies received educational, advisory or review services from USGS personnel.</p><p>Fifteen selected examples of the application of SFBRS products to various regional planning activities are discussed and illustrated. These examples include six planning studies, five plans, two implementation activities, and two other types of activities.</p><p>From the inventory and responses to the interviews, it is concluded that the selected regional agencies in the bay region are familiar with, make frequent use of, and will continue to use SFBRS products for a wide range of regional planning activities.&nbsp;Suggestions to ensure more effective use of earth-science information in the future include: (1) monitoring and analyzing new State and Federal laws or regulations and emerging critical issues so as to anticipate and respond to regional earth-science information needs; (2) creating a users advisory committee to help identify critical issues and needs; (3) providing engineering interpretations and land- and water-use capability ratings to make earth-science information more readily usable; (4) giving priority to areas impacted by development; (5) providing earth-science information at the larger scale and greater detail commonly used and needed by regional agencies; (6) releasing earth-science information faster and according to a formal distribution pattern; and (7) providing educational, advisory, and review services in connection with any earth-science information designed for planners and decisionmakers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79221","usgsCitation":"Kockelman, W.J., 1979, Use of U.S. Geological Survey earth-science products by selected regional agencies in the San Francisco Bay region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-221, 173 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79221.","productDescription":"173 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0221/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":397088,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_108506.htm"},{"id":397119,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.42041015624999,\n              36.87962060502676\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.91552734375,\n              36.87962060502676\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.91552734375,\n              38.65119833229951\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.42041015624999,\n              38.65119833229951\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.42041015624999,\n              36.87962060502676\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6051d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kockelman, William J.","contributorId":34510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kockelman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10856,"text":"ofr79750 - 1979 - Susceptibility of the Memphis water supply to contamination from the pesticide waste-disposal site in northeastern Hardeman County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:34","indexId":"ofr79750","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-750","title":"Susceptibility of the Memphis water supply to contamination from the pesticide waste-disposal site in northeastern Hardeman County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Public concern has been expressed over the possiblity that leachates from a pesticide waste-disposal site in northeastern Hardeman County, Tennessee, might eventually reach the Memphis area and endanger the city 's water supply. An examination of the possible pathways and means of transport of these contaminants reveals that, the Memphis area in detectable concentrations is unlikely. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr79750","usgsCitation":"Rima, D.R., 1979, Susceptibility of the Memphis water supply to contamination from the pesticide waste-disposal site in northeastern Hardeman County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-750, iii, 9 p. :map ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79750.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. :map ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":970,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr79-750","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":144912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rima, Donald Robert","contributorId":99535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rima","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8976,"text":"ofr791270 - 1979 - Projected effects of the proposed Tennessee Colony Reservoir on ground-water conditions in the alluvium of the Trinity River and Cedar Creek, Texas: preliminary results for the Trinidad area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-21T18:38:00.311327","indexId":"ofr791270","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1270","title":"Projected effects of the proposed Tennessee Colony Reservoir on ground-water conditions in the alluvium of the Trinity River and Cedar Creek, Texas: preliminary results for the Trinidad area","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers proposed the construction of Tennessee Colony Dam and Reservoir as part of a multipurpose plan for the Trinity River and tributaries between the Dallas-Fort Worth area and the Texas Gulf Coast. The Corps requested the assistance of the U.S. Geological Survey (1) to define the existing ground-water conditions in the alluvium of the Trinity River and Cedar Creek in the Trinidad area, and (2) to project the long-term effects of stresses imposed on the ground-water system by Tennessee Colony Reservoir.</p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791270","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.","usgsCitation":"Garza, S., 1979, Projected effects of the proposed Tennessee Colony Reservoir on ground-water conditions in the alluvium of the Trinity River and Cedar Creek, Texas: preliminary results for the Trinidad area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1270, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791270.","productDescription":"18 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419977,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1270/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1270/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Trinidad","otherGeospatial":"Cedar Creek, Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.1362075805664,\n              32.0301990592366\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.04419708251953,\n              32.0301990592366\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.04419708251953,\n              32.14102508402307\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.1362075805664,\n              32.14102508402307\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.1362075805664,\n              32.0301990592366\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d99b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garza, Sergio","contributorId":88713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garza","given":"Sergio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14533,"text":"ofr791058 - 1979 - Programs and activities of the Missouri District, Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, fiscal year 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-29T08:41:13","indexId":"ofr791058","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1058","title":"Programs and activities of the Missouri District, Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, fiscal year 1979","docAbstract":"<p>Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Missouri consist of collecting hydrologic data and conducting interpretive investigations. The data and the results of the investigations are published or released by either the U.S. Geological Survey or by cooperating agencies. This report describes the data-collection activities and investigations in Missouri for the 1979 fiscal year and provides an extensive list of water-resources references for the State.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791058","usgsCitation":"1979, Programs and activities of the Missouri District, Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, fiscal year 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1058, Report: iii, 57 p.; Plate: 24.20 x 21.80 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791058.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 57 p.; Plate: 24.20 x 21.80 inches","numberOfPages":"69","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science 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,{"id":10276,"text":"ofr79675 - 1979 - Uranium results for 147 water samples from the Elkhorn Wilderness Study Area, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T19:05:06.292418","indexId":"ofr79675","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-675","title":"Uranium results for 147 water samples from the Elkhorn Wilderness Study Area, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>One hundred forty seven water samples were corrected from the Elkhorn Wilderness during the summer of 1977 as a part of a mineral resource assessment study. Each sample was analyzed for uranium. Specific conductance and pH were also measured. Sample analyses and site locations are presented in this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79675","usgsCitation":"McHugh, J., and Miller, W.R., 1979, Uranium results for 147 water samples from the Elkhorn Wilderness Study Area, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-675, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79675.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403292,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0675/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0675/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Elkhorn Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.1,\n              46.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6,\n              46.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6,\n              46.56\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1,\n              46.56\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1,\n              46.2\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6053a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, William R.","contributorId":53838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":10283,"text":"ofr791569 - 1979 - Investigations needed to stimulate the development of Jordan's mineral resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T15:50:06","indexId":"ofr791569","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1569","title":"Investigations needed to stimulate the development of Jordan's mineral resources","docAbstract":"<p>The level of living that any society can attain is a direct function of the use it makes of all kinds of raw materials (soil, water, metals, nonmetals, etc.), all kinds of energy (both animate and inanimate), and all kinds of human ingenuity; and is an inverse function of the size of the population that must share the collective product. The relation between raw materials, energy and ingenuity is such that use of a large amount of one may offset the need for large amounts of others. The most vital raw materials are water, soil, and construction materials, for these are needed in large quantities and are hard to import. Metals, chemicals, and inanimate energy are necessary for industrialization. The more of these minerals a nation possess, the better, but not nation can hope to be self-sufficient in all of the m and therefore must trade for some essential materials.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Jordan’s natural resources have been little explored. The grantitc-metamorphic terrane in the southeastern part of the Kingdom could contain deposits of tungsten, rare earths, feldspar, mica, fluorite etc. and the sedimentary terrane over much of the rest of the county is favorable for the occurrence of oil. Even if none of these minerals is found, however, Jordan’s other mineral resource, if fully explored and developed in the light of modern technology, will support a far higher level of living than her people now enjoy. Very likely she can increase her rainfall by about 10 percent by cloud seeding, and she undeveloped supplies in both surface and ground water that are sufficient to nearly double her usable water supply. Even if she does not have oil or have it in large quantities, she can buy it cheaply from neighboring counties, and in addition has undeveloped sources of hydroelectric power, large reserves of bituminous limestone, large reserves of nuclear power as uranium in phosphate rock, and can use solar and wind power for special purposes. Her large supplies of construction, fertilizer, and other chemical raw materials will not only satisfy her own needs, but will yield both raw materials and some manufactured products for export. And she has valuable resource of touristic interest in the form of incomparable scenery, antiquities, and holy places, which, if properly advertised, could well become her largest single source of foreign currency. Revenues obtained from this source and from the export of agricultural products, nonmetallic minerals, and mineral products should support foreign oil purchase of oil, machinery, and other products not mined or produced internally.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Full development of Jordan’s economic potential will take years to achieve and involves many complex activities. One of the most essential is one that can be pressed in the early years, namely the gathering of facts and basic data concerning the character, extent, and distribution of her resources, and the uses that can be made of them. Without each fundamental data or the understanding of their meaning or the ways to use and apply them, costly developmental projects and similar efforts to raise the level of living are likely to have limited success at best.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Basic data and mineral resources are best gathered and published by permanent government agencies, for private organizations and individual cannot afford to take the risks involved in gathering data that may not have an immediate economic return; and even if private parties  do collect such data they are not likely to make them general available.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Of the activities needed in the field of mineral resources, some are already underway as the established function of government agencies. No bureau however, seems to have responsibility for making geologic maps and for gathering data on such things as steam flow, composition and properties of minerals and rocks, or for investigating the uses to which Jordan’s minerals might be put. To satisfy these needs, a Geological Survey and a Bureau of Mineral Industries should be formed and placed in operation as quickly as possible.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The task of collecting and interpreting basic data or mineral resources must be done largely by Jordanians, for only in this way will Jordan acquire the technical competence needed to use the information. Few Jordanians have enough training or experience to work independently in these fields now, however, so help from outside technicians would be necessary over an initial training period of several years. But the number of outside technicians should never exceed the number of Jordanian technicians, and for this reason, neither organization could have a staff of more than a few people during the early years of operation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791569","collaboration":"Prepared under the auspices of the Government of Jordan and the International Cooperation Administration U.S. Department of State","usgsCitation":"McKelvey, V., 1979, Investigations needed to stimulate the development of Jordan's mineral resources: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1569, Report: iii, 164 p.; 1 Plate: 10.46 x 5.13 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791569.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 164 p.; 1 Plate: 10.46 x 5.13 inches","numberOfPages":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1569/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":275694,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1569/report.pdf"},{"id":275695,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1569/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"Jordan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 34.9583,29.185 ], [ 34.9583,33.3747 ], [ 39.3012,33.3747 ], [ 39.3012,29.185 ], [ 34.9583,29.185 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKelvey, V.E.","contributorId":85161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKelvey","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10838,"text":"ofr79209 - 1979 - Ground-water resources of the Palo Duro Creek basin, Texas and Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T12:41:27","indexId":"ofr79209","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-209","title":"Ground-water resources of the Palo Duro Creek basin, Texas and Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79209","usgsCitation":"Rettman, P.L., 1979, Ground-water resources of the Palo Duro Creek basin, Texas and Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-209, iv, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79209.","productDescription":"iv, 64 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":145725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a6d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rettman, Paul L.","contributorId":6456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rettman","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8973,"text":"ofr79955 - 1979 - High-resolution seismic profiling data from the upper continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-03T16:45:29.20895","indexId":"ofr79955","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-955","title":"High-resolution seismic profiling data from the upper continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>From July 28 through December 20, 1975, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a high-resolution geophysical survey on the Upper Continental Slope in the Gulf of Mexico north of Latitude 26°N. The survey was limited to water depths between 100 m and 1000 m with seismic lines spaced from 7.5 to 18.5 km apart in a reconnaissance grid pattern. The data were collected by Western Geophysical Company of America under an exclusive contract with the Geological Survey.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79955","usgsCitation":"Garrison, L.E., 1979, High-resolution seismic profiling data from the upper continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-955, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79955.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429454,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0955/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0955/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"northern Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.13190153946888,\n              30.008342872844068\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.13190153946888,\n              28.500366711147066\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.70271628013394,\n              28.500366711147066\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.70271628013394,\n              30.008342872844068\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.13190153946888,\n              30.008342872844068\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f5cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, Louis E.","contributorId":91793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11645,"text":"ofr791477 - 1979 - A proposed ground water quality monitoring network for Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11644,"text":"ofr78786 - 1978 - Progress toward a ground-water-quality monitoring network for Idaho","indexId":"ofr78786","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Progress toward a ground-water-quality monitoring network for Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":11645,"text":"ofr791477 - 1979 - A proposed ground water quality monitoring network for Idaho","indexId":"ofr791477","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"A proposed ground water quality monitoring network for Idaho"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-26T21:22:03.605899","indexId":"ofr791477","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1477","title":"A proposed ground water quality monitoring network for Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>A ground water quality monitoring network is proposed for Idaho. The network comprises 565 sites, 8 of which will require construction of new wells. Frequencies of sampling at the different sites are assigned at quarterly, semiannual, annual, and 5 years. Selected characteristics of the water will be monitored by both laboratory- and field-analysis methods. The network is designed to: (1) Enable water managers to keep abreast of the general quality of the State 's ground water, and (2) serve as a warning system for undesirable changes in ground-water quality. Data were compiled for hydrogeologic conditions, ground-water quality, cultural elements, and pollution sources. A ' hydrologic unit priority index ' is used to rank 84 hydrologic units (river basins or segments of river basins) of the State for monitoring according to pollution potential. Emphasis for selection of monitoring sites is placed on the 15 highest ranked units. The potential for pollution is greatest in areas of privately owned agricultural land. Other areas of pollution potential are residential development, mining and related processes, and hazardous waste disposal. Data are given for laboratory and field analyses, number of site visits, manpower, subsistence, and mileage, from which costs for implementing the network can be estimated. Suggestions are made for data storage and retrieval and for reporting changes in water quality.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791477","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, R., and Parliman, D., 1979, A proposed ground water quality monitoring network for Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1477, Report: iv, 70 p.; 5 Plates: 22.06 × 34.25 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791477.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 70 p.; 5 Plates: 22.06 × 34.25 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394918,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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J.","contributorId":64220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":8643,"text":"ofr791262 - 1979 - Hydrologic data for the Morris Bridge well-field area, Hillsborough County, Florida, 1971-78","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-11T18:36:03.297537","indexId":"ofr791262","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1262","title":"Hydrologic data for the Morris Bridge well-field area, Hillsborough County, Florida, 1971-78","docAbstract":"<p>Well data are summarized for 102 wells constructed in the Morris Bridge well-field area in north-central Hillsborough County. Of the wells reported, 20 are public-supply wells that have yields averaging 1,800 gallons per minute and specific capacities that range from 36 to 346 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown. Also presented are 28 drillers' logs, 7 lithologic logs, and an index of 64 geophysical logs of 18 wells in the well-field area.</p><p>The report also includes hydrographs of water levels of 10 observation wells, hydrographs of stream stage and streamflow of the Hillsborough River, and hydrographs of rainfall for two stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791262","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Tampa, Florida","usgsCitation":"Duerr, A.D., 1979, Hydrologic data for the Morris Bridge well-field area, Hillsborough County, Florida, 1971-78: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1262, iv, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791262.","productDescription":"iv, 76 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1262/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":426523,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1262/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Hillsborough County","otherGeospatial":"Morris Bridge well-field area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.39842587448098,\n              28.543354383408044\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.39842587448098,\n              28.108172947949498\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73654006426753,\n              28.108172947949498\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73654006426753,\n              28.543354383408044\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.39842587448098,\n              28.543354383408044\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db6082ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duerr, A. Dan","contributorId":47835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duerr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13956,"text":"ofr791066 - 1979 - Derivation of homogeneous streamflow records for the Green River basin, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:53","indexId":"ofr791066","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1066","title":"Derivation of homogeneous streamflow records for the Green River basin, Kentucky","docAbstract":"Four flood-control reservoirs, Green River Lake, Nolin River Lake, Barren River Lake, and Rough River Lake, were completed in the Green River basin of Kentucky between 1959 and 1969. A digital computer model of these reservoirs and the stream reaches from the reservoirs downstream to the Green River at Calhoun, Ky., was developed to simulate mean daily streamflows. Simulations of 1941 through 1971 water year streamflows were made for both the pre-reservoir and post-reservoir basin conditions, thus supplying homogeneous data sets for low-flow analyses of eight stream sites. The 7-day, 10-year recurrence interval, minimum discharges of the simulated regulated flows exceed those of the simulated natural flows by about 30 cubic feet per second for the Barren River at Bowling Green, Ky., and about 260 cubic feet per second for the Green River at Calhous, Ky. Analyses of the pre-reservoir simulations show that, for seven of the stream sites, the model yields streamflow which have annual minimum 7-day average discharges that are not significantly different, at the 95 percent significance level, from those of the observed flows. Results of the post-reservoir simulations show that actual reservoir operation was not closely matched by the model. Therefore, the low-flow characteristics of the simulated regulated streamflows are merely estimates of those that could be expected if the basin were regulated according to the modeled reservoir operating criteria. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr791066","usgsCitation":"Hale, T., 1979, Derivation of homogeneous streamflow records for the Green River basin, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1066, vii, 96 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791066.","productDescription":"vii, 96 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hale, T.W.","contributorId":43763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9880,"text":"ofr791264 - 1979 - Downhole pumps for water sampling in small diameter wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:10","indexId":"ofr791264","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1264","title":"Downhole pumps for water sampling in small diameter wells","docAbstract":"The relatively high cost and difficulty in locating a source of pumps for use in obtaining ground-water samples from small-diameter wells has demonstrated a need for this report. Criteria for selection of a pump and pumping equipment to meet specific requirements has been tabulated to assist field personnel in making a selection from commercial sources. (Kosco-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr791264","usgsCitation":"Koopman, F.C., 1979, Downhole pumps for water sampling in small diameter wells: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1264, vi, 67 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791264.","productDescription":"vi, 67 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1264/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37668,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1264/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a467","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koopman, F. C.","contributorId":40586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koopman","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11767,"text":"ofr791505 - 1979 - An experimental ground-magnetic and VLF-EM traverse over a buried paleochannel near Salisbury, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T19:26:34.606835","indexId":"ofr791505","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1505","title":"An experimental ground-magnetic and VLF-EM traverse over a buried paleochannel near Salisbury, Maryland","docAbstract":"<p>Since, 1963, the Maryland Geological Survey and the U.S. Geological Survey have been engaged in a study of the Pleistocene Series beneath a 230 square kilometer area around Salisbury, Maryland. (Hansen, 1966; Weigle, 1972; Zohdy and others, 1974, p.56) North of Salisbury a deep Pleistocene paleochannel was discovered; this channel was carved into an erosional plain at the top of the Miocene deposit, was filled and blanketed subsequently with deposits (mostly sand and gravel) of Pleistocene age. The channel is a prolific source of ground water, and has been outlined for a least 15 kilometers by means of power-augering and gamma-logging.</p><p>A geophysical survey using ground magnetics and VLF-EM was made over the channel in an attempt to see if a more efficient method than augering could be developed to map the paleochannel at depth; the survey traverse was made over one of the better defined parts of the paleochannel (see figure 1.) where airborne magnetics and VLF studies could easily be done as a potential follow-up. We hoped to be able to map resistivity changes between aquifer and aquiclude facies with the VLF-EM, and perhaps identify other facies changes in black-sand concentrations with ground magnetics. The data is presented in Table 1 and plotted in figure 2. The traverse extended from north to south, with station spacing of 100 meters, for an over all length of 4.5 kilometers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791505","usgsCitation":"Wynn, J.C., 1979, An experimental ground-magnetic and VLF-EM traverse over a buried paleochannel near Salisbury, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1505, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791505.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144721,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1505/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":425955,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1505/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","city":"Salisbury","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.67206482745087,\n              38.4071208463306\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.67206482745087,\n              38.3123590996058\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.55120979530332,\n              38.3123590996058\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.55120979530332,\n              38.4071208463306\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.67206482745087,\n              38.4071208463306\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6847ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynn, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":81081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9554,"text":"ofr79951 - 1979 - Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70012020,"text":"70012020 - 1981 - Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence","indexId":"70012020","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":9554,"text":"ofr79951 - 1979 - Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence","indexId":"ofr79951","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-09T14:01:03","indexId":"ofr79951","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-951","title":"Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence","docAbstract":"Long tension cracks caused by declines of ground-water level at four sites in Arizona, California, and Nevada occur at points of maximum, convex-upward curvature in subsidence profiles based on relevelings of closely-spaced bench marks aligned perpendicular to the cracks. We conclude the cracks are caused by horizontal strains associated with the differential subsidence.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79951","collaboration":"This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey standards and nomenclature.","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., and Pampeyan, E.H., 1979, Earth fissures and localized differential subsidence: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-951, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79951.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_79_951.jpg"},{"id":265426,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0951/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;California;Idaho;Nevada;Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,31.3 ], [ -124.8,43.5 ], [ -109.0,43.5 ], [ -109.0,31.3 ], [ -124.8,31.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c18c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":159880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pampeyan, Earl Haig","contributorId":52974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pampeyan","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"Haig","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":10292,"text":"ofr791478 - 1979 - The quality of surface water on Sanibel Island, Florida, 1976-77","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T22:39:48.500896","indexId":"ofr791478","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1478","title":"The quality of surface water on Sanibel Island, Florida, 1976-77","docAbstract":"<p>The quality of surface water in parts of the interior of Sanibel Island has been periodically degraded by high concentrations of salt or macronutrients and by low concentrations of dissolved oxygen. In 1976 the chloride concentration of surface water ranged from about 500 milligrams per liter to almost that of seawater, 19,000 milligrams per liter. The highest salinities were during the dry season of 1976 in the Sanibel River near the Tarpon Bay control structure and are attributed to leakage of saline water past the structure. The highest concentrations of macronutrients occurred during the dry season in the eastern reach of the Sanibel River, where concentrations generally exceeded 4.0 milligrams per liter total nitrogen and 0.9 milligrams per liter total phosphorus. Organic nitrogen accounted for about 95 percent of the total nitrogen, and ammonia accounted for most of the remainder. Concentrations of ammonia exceeded 0.1 milligrams per liter in 31 percent of the wet-season samples and 14 percent of the dry-season samples. Nighttime concentrations of ammonia exceeded those in daytime by several orders of magnitude; concentration of dissolved oxygen fluctuated inversely to that of ammonia. The concentration of dissolved oxygen and the magnitude of the day-night fluctuation decreased with depth. In 1976 the median concentration of dissolved oxygen near the surface was 7.5 milligrams per liter in the dry season and 3.5 milligrams per liter in the wet season. Concentrations were lowest in the wet season along an eastern reach of the Sanibel River and in several nearby ponds and canals where near-anaerobic conditions prevailed. The high concentrations of macronutrients and the low concentrations of dissolved oxygen at some surface-water sites are attributed, in part, to urban runoff and sewage effluent that flow directly into the surface water or seep through the shallow water-table aquifer into surface-water bodies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791478","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Lee County, City of Sanibel; Lee County, Florida and the Island Water Association","usgsCitation":"McPherson, B.F., and O’Donnell, T., 1979, The quality of surface water on Sanibel Island, Florida, 1976-77: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1478, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791478.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144081,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1478/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":422799,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1478/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Sanibel Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.08721351532877,\n              26.467371950617917\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.08721351532877,\n              26.420799203743798\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.00740949000107,\n              26.420799203743798\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.00740949000107,\n              26.467371950617917\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.08721351532877,\n              26.467371950617917\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db641959","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPherson, Benjamin F.","contributorId":17965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Donnell, T.H.","contributorId":69970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":11370,"text":"ofr79915 - 1979 - Selected coal-related ground-water data, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs area, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-02T14:19:31","indexId":"ofr79915","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-915","title":"Selected coal-related ground-water data, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs area, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs%area as used in this report consists of about 8,000 square miles in east-central Utah. The major geographic features included in the area are the Wasatch Plateau, Book Cliffs, San Rafael Swell, Price River basin, and a small part of the Green River basin (pl. 1). The area is defined by approximate drainage-divide boundaries in the Wasatch Plateau and Book Cliffs, by an arbitrary boundary on the south, and by the Utah-Colorado State line on the east.</p><p>The Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs area includes all the operating coal mines in Utah in 1978. Annual coal production in the area is expected to increase from the current (1978) rate of about 8 million tons to as much as 30 million tons within the next 10 years (J. W. Moffitt, U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun., 1978). Ground water is an important source of water supply in the area. As mining increases and mining-related municipalities grow, many sources of ground-water supply may be subjected to increased demands and possibly degradation of chemical quality.</p><p>Waddell, Vickers, Upton, and Contratto (1978) reported some ground- water data after a reconnaissance of part of the area. The purpose of this report, which was prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, is to present a more detailed compilation of ground-water-related data that were collected and compiled during October 1976 to March 1978. The report is designed to make the data available in an orderly and usable form for local and regional water managers and other users of water data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr79915","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Sumsion, C.T., 1979, Selected coal-related ground-water data, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs area, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-915, Report: iv, 25 p.; Plate: 32.38 in. x 25.50 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79915.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 25 p.; Plate: 32.38 in. x 25.50 in.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":143132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0915/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39193,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0915/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39194,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0915/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Book Cliffs, Wasatch Plateau","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685bd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumsion, C. T.","contributorId":23129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumsion","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9595,"text":"ofr8015 - 1979 - Projected effects of intermittent changes in withdrawal of water from the Arikaree Aquifer near Wheatland, southeastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:14","indexId":"ofr8015","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-15","title":"Projected effects of intermittent changes in withdrawal of water from the Arikaree Aquifer near Wheatland, southeastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"Effects on streamflows and ground-water levels attributable to a proposed intermittent change in use and sites of withdrawal of 3 ,146 acre-feet of water from the Arikaree aquifer in central Platte County, WY, are assessed with a previously developed ground-water flow model. This water has been permitted for agricultural use by the State of Wyoming, and under the proposal would supplement, when needed, existing industrial surface- and ground-water supplies for the Laramie River Station of the Missouri Basin Power Project. Under a scenario wherein the supplemental industrial usage occurs in every 10th year commencing in 1980, the model predicts a cumulative streamflow-depletion rate in the Laramie and North Laramie Rivers of 7.7 cubic feet per second in the year 2020 compared to a rate of 6.9 cubic feet per second that is predicted if the intermittent industrial usage does not occur. Areas in which drawdowns relative to the simulated 1973 head configuration exceed 5, 10, 25, and 50 feet are predicted to be 107, 78, 38, and 2 square miles, respectively, in 2020 under the intermittent-usage scenario compared to corresponding areas of 104, 76, 36, and 2 square miles that are predicted if the intermittent industrial usage does not occur. (USGS).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8015","usgsCitation":"Hoxie, D.T., 1979, Projected effects of intermittent changes in withdrawal of water from the Arikaree Aquifer near Wheatland, southeastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-15, vi, 43 p. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8015.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37324,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d9c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoxie, Dwight T.","contributorId":77531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoxie","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11646,"text":"ofr79978 - 1979 - Benthic invertebrates, periphyton, and bottom material and their trace-metal concentrations in Salmon Creek basin, Clark County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:25:25","indexId":"ofr79978","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-978","title":"Benthic invertebrates, periphyton, and bottom material and their trace-metal concentrations in Salmon Creek basin, Clark County, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>In 1978, data were collected for identification and quantification of benthic invertebrates, periphyton, and bottom material and their trace-metals concentrations from three sites in Salmon Creek basin, Wash. Metal analyses included arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc, selenium, and mercury. Physical data collected included water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, discharge, and size of cobbles and fine stream-bottom material. Additional chemical analyses included major constituents. Benthic invertebrate identifications were generally taken to the generic level, with a total of 49 taxons identified and quantified. A total of 36 periphyton taxons were quantified and identified, generally at the species level.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/ofr79978","usgsCitation":"White, A.C., and McKenzie, S.W., 1979, Benthic invertebrates, periphyton, and bottom material and their trace-metal concentrations in Salmon Creek basin, Clark County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-978, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79978.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":143823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr79978.PNG"},{"id":326111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0978/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Clark County","otherGeospatial":"Salmon Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.70973205566406,\n              45.66108710567762\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.70973205566406,\n              45.79816953017265\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.47009277343749,\n              45.79816953017265\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.47009277343749,\n              45.66108710567762\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.70973205566406,\n              45.66108710567762\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62aa2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Amy C.","contributorId":34928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenzie, Stuart W.","contributorId":27841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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