Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) have been reported to become infected with Toxoplasma gondiiand at times succumb to clinical disease. Here, we determined genotypes of 39 T. gondiiisolates from 37 sea otters in two geographically distant locations (25 from California and 12 from Washington). Six genotypes were identified using 10 PCR-RFLP genetic markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico, and by DNA sequencing of loci SAG1 and GRA6 in 13 isolates. Of these 39 isolates, 13 (33%) were clonal Type II which can be further divided into two groups at the locus Apico. Two of the 39 isolates had Type II alleles at all loci except a Type I allele at locus L358. One isolate had Type II alleles at all loci except the Type I alleles at loci L358 and Apico. One isolate had Type III alleles at all loci except Type II alleles at SAG2 and Apico. Two sea otter isolates had a mixed infection. Twenty-one (54%) isolates had an unique allele at SAG1 locus. Further genotyping or DNA sequence analysis for 18 of these 21 isolates at loci SAG1 and GRA6 revealed that there were two different genotypes, including the previously identified Type X (four isolates) and a new genotype named Type A (14 isolates). The results from this study suggest that the sea otter isolates are genetically diverse.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.11.012","usgsCitation":"Sundar, N., Cole, R.A., Thomas, N., Majumdar, D., Dubey, J., and Su, C., 2008, Genetic diversity among sea otter isolates of Toxoplasma gondii: Veterinary Parasitology, v. 151, no. 2-4, p. 125-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.11.012.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008091","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, 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This small (about 8x10 kilometer) volcano has been one of the most active in the Aleutians since its discovery by the Bering expedition in the 1740s, though because of its remote location, observations have been scant and many smaller eruptions may have gone unrecorded. Eruptions of Gareloi commonly produce ash clouds and lava flows. Scars on the flanks of the volcano and debris-avalanche deposits on the adjacent seafloor indicate that the volcano has produced large landslides in the past, possibly causing tsunamis. Such events are infrequent, occurring at most every few thousand years. The primary hazard from Gareloi is airborne clouds of ash that could affect aircraft. In this report, we summarize and describe the major volcanic hazards associated with Gareloi.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085159","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., McGimsey, R.G., and Browne, B., 2008, Preliminary Volcano-Hazard Assessment for Gareloi Volcano, Gareloi Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5159, Report: vi, 27 p.; Plate: 30 x 20 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085159.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Plate: 30 x 20 inches","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11771,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db61066d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browne, Brandon L.","contributorId":21646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browne","given":"Brandon L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003742,"text":"1003742 - 2008 - Modest genetic differentiation among North American populations of Sarcocystic neurona may reflect expansion in its geographic range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-23T12:48:25","indexId":"1003742","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3686,"text":"Veterinary Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modest genetic differentiation among North American populations of Sarcocystic neurona may reflect expansion in its geographic range","docAbstract":"Sarcocystis neurona is an important cause of neurological disease in horses (equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, EPM) and sea otters in the United States. In addition, EPM-like disease has been diagnosed in several other land and marine mammals. Opossums are its only definitive hosts. Little genetic diversity among isolates of S. neurona from different hosts has been reported. Here, we used 11 microsatellites to characterize S. neurona DNA isolated from natural infections in 22 sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from California and Washington and in 11 raccoons (Procyon lotor) and 1 striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) from Wisconsin. By jointly analyzing these 34 isolates with 26 isolates previously reported, we determined that geographic barriers may limit S. neurona dispersal and that only a limited subset of possible parasite genotypes may have been introduced to recently established opossum populations. Moreover, our study confirms that diverse intermediate hosts share a common infection source, the opossum (Didelphis virginiana).
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Veterinary Parasitology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sundar, N., Asmundsson, I., Thomas, N., Samuel, M., Dubey, J., and Rosenthal, B., 2008, Modest genetic differentiation among North American populations of Sarcocystic neurona may reflect expansion in its geographic range: Veterinary Parasitology, v. 152, no. 1-2, p. 8-15.","productDescription":"p. 8-15","startPage":"8","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15519,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenthal, B.M.","contributorId":54150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenthal","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1016481,"text":"1016481 - 2008 - Is Rangeland Health Relevant to Mongolia?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:42","indexId":"1016481","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3230,"text":"Rangelands","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is Rangeland Health Relevant to Mongolia?","docAbstract":"DOI: 10.2111/1551-501X(2008)30[25:IRHRTM]2.0.CO;2","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangelands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Damdinsuren, B., Herrick, J.E., Pyke, D.A., and Havstad, K., 2008, Is Rangeland Health Relevant to Mongolia?: Rangelands, v. 30, no. 4, p. 25-29.","productDescription":"pp.25-29","startPage":"25","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667233","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Damdinsuren, Bolormaa","contributorId":8424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damdinsuren","given":"Bolormaa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrick, J. E.","contributorId":84709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Havstad, K. M.","contributorId":60587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havstad","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70010006,"text":"70010006 - 2008 - Semantic mediation in the national geologic map database (US)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:19","indexId":"70010006","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Semantic mediation in the national geologic map database (US)","docAbstract":"Controlled language is the primary challenge in merging heterogeneous databases of geologic information. Each agency or organization produces databases with different schema, and different terminology for describing the objects within. In order to make some progress toward merging these databases using current technology, we have developed software and a workflow that allows for the \"manual semantic mediation\" of these geologic map databases. Enthusiastic support from many state agencies (stakeholders and data stewards) has shown that the community supports this approach. Future implementations will move toward a more Artificial Intelligence-based approach, using expert-systems or knowledge-bases to process data based on the training sets we have developed manually.","largerWorkTitle":"AAAI Spring Symposium - Technical Report","conferenceTitle":"2008 AAAI Spring Symposium","conferenceDate":"26 March 2008 through 28 March 2008","conferenceLocation":"Stanford, CA","language":"English","isbn":"9781577353614","usgsCitation":"Percy, D., Richard, S., and Soller, D., 2008, Semantic mediation in the national geologic map database (US), in AAAI Spring Symposium - Technical Report, v. SS-08-05, Stanford, CA, 26 March 2008 through 28 March 2008, p. 74-76.","startPage":"74","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"SS-08-05","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d04e4b08c986b318225","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Percy, D.","contributorId":70913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percy","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richard, S.","contributorId":77293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richard","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soller, D.","contributorId":84494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010008,"text":"70010008 - 2008 - Development of landsat-5 thematic mapper internal calibrator gain and offset table","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:20","indexId":"70010008","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of landsat-5 thematic mapper internal calibrator gain and offset table","docAbstract":"The National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS) has been the primary processing system for Landsat data since U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS) started archiving Landsat data. NLAPS converts raw satellite data into radiometrically and geometrically calibrated products. NLAPS has historically used the Internal Calibrator (IC) to calibrate the reflective bands of the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM), even though the lamps in the IC were less stable than the TM detectors, as evidenced by vicarious calibration results. In 2003, a major effort was made to model the actual TM gain change and to update NLAPS to use this model rather than the unstable IC data for radiometric calibration. The model coefficients were revised in 2007 to reflect greater understanding of the changes in the TM responsivity. While the calibration updates are important to users with recently processed data, the processing system no longer calculates the original IC gain or offset. For specific applications, it is useful to have a record of the gain and offset actually applied to the older data. Thus, the NLAPS calibration database was used to generate estimated daily values for the radiometric gain and offset that might have been applied to TM data. This paper discusses the need for and generation of the NLAPSIC gain and offset tables. A companion paper covers the application of and errors associated with using these tables.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XIII","conferenceDate":"11 August 2008 through 13 August 2008","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.795268","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"9780819473011","usgsCitation":"Barsi, J., Chander, G., Micijevic, E., Markham, B.L., and Haque, M., 2008, Development of landsat-5 thematic mapper internal calibrator gain and offset table, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 7081, San Diego, CA, 11 August 2008 through 13 August 2008, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.795268.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204903,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.795268"},{"id":218988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7081","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a005ae4b0c8380cd4f6fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barsi, J. 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There is a growing concern about the impact on terrestrial and aquatic organisms and the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. Pharmaceutical use in milking cows is relatively limited compared with other livestock operations, except for the ionophore monensin, which is given to lactating cows as a feed. By weight, monensin can be the most significant antibiotic used in a dairy farm. This study investigates the potential of monensin to move from dairy operations into the surrounding ground water. Using two dairy farms in California as study sites, we twice collected samples along the environmental pathway - from flush lanes, lagoon waters, and shallow ground water beneath the dairies and beneath its associated manured fields. Monensin concentrations were determined using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with positive electrospray ionization. Monensin was detected in all of the flush lane and lagoon water samples. Theoretical maximum concentration estimated from the actual dosing rate and the theoretical excretion rate assuming no attenuation was one order of magnitude greater than observed concentrations, suggesting significant attenuation in the manure collection and storage system. Monensin was also detected, at levels ranging from 0.04 to 0.39 ??g L-1, in some of the ground water samples underneath the production area of the dairy but not from the adjacent manured fields. Concentrations in ground water immediately downgradient of the lagoons were one to two orders of magnitude lower than the concentrations detected in lagoons, suggesting attenuation in the subsurface. The data suggest the possibility of monensin transport into shallow (2-5 m) alluvial ground water from dairy management units, including manure storage lagoons and freestalls occupied by heifers, lactating cows, and dry cows. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0371","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Watanabe, N., Harter, T., and Bergamaschi, B., 2008, Environmental occurrence and shallow ground water detection of the antibiotic monensin from dairy farms, in Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. SUPPL. 5, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0371.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204890,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0371"},{"id":218837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"SUPPL. 5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09d5e4b0c8380cd520ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watanabe, N.","contributorId":47078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watanabe","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harter, T.H.","contributorId":58770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harter","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030675,"text":"70030675 - 2008 - Phyllosilicate and sulfate-hematite deposits within Miyamoto crater in Southern Sinus Meridiani, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030675","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phyllosilicate and sulfate-hematite deposits within Miyamoto crater in Southern Sinus Meridiani, Mars","docAbstract":"Orbital topographic, image, and spectral data show that sulfate- and hematite-bearing plains deposits similar to those explored by the MER rover Opportunity unconformably overlie the northeastern portion of the 160 km in diameter Miyamoto crater. Crater floor materials exhumed to the west of the contact exhibit CRISM and OMEGA NIR spectral signatures consistent with the presence of Fe/Mg-rich smectite phyllosilicates. Based on superposition relationships, the phyllosilicate-bearing deposits formed either in-situ or were deposited on the floor of Miyamoto crater prior to the formation of the sulfate-rich plains unit. These findings support the hypothesis that neutral pH aqueous conditions transitioned to a ground-water driven acid sulfate system in the Sinus Meridiani region. The presence of both phyllosilicate and sulfate- and hematite-bearing deposits within Miyamoto crater make it an attractive site for exploration by future rover missions. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008GL035363","issn":"00948","usgsCitation":"Wiseman, S., Arvidson, R., Andrews-Hanna, J.C., Clark, R.N., Lanza, N., des Marais, D., Marzo, G., Morris, R., Murchie, S., Newsom, H.E., Noe Dobrea, E., Ollila, A., Poulet, F., Roush, T.L., Seelos, F., and Swayze, G., 2008, Phyllosilicate and sulfate-hematite deposits within Miyamoto crater in Southern Sinus Meridiani, Mars: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035363.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487633,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl035363","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211993,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035363"}],"volume":"35","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a49e4b0c8380cd78e23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiseman, S.M.","contributorId":58097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiseman","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arvidson, R. 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COPR contains a number of hexavalent chromium-bearing compounds that were produced in high temperature industrial processes. Concern over the carcinogenic potential of this chromium species, and its environmental mobility, has resulted in efforts to remediate these waste sites. To provide support to analytical measurements of hexavalent chromium, a candidate National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material?? (SRM 2701), having a hexavalent chromium content of approximately 500 mg kg -1, has been developed using material collected from a waste site in Hudson County, New Jersey, USA. The collection, processing, preparation and preliminary physico-chemical characterization of the material are discussed. A two-phase multi-laboratory testing study was carried out to provide data on material homogeneity and to assess the stability of the material over the duration of the study. The study was designed to incorporate several United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) determinative methods for hexavalent chromium, including Method 6800 which is based on speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS), an approach which can account for chromium species inter-conversion during the extraction and measurement sequence. This journal is ?? The Royal Society of Chemistry 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1039/b808488b","issn":"02679","usgsCitation":"Nagourney, S., Wilson, S., Buckley, B., Kingston, H., Yang, S., and Long, S., 2008, Development of a standard reference material for Cr(vi) in contaminated soil: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 23, no. 11, p. 1550-1554, https://doi.org/10.1039/b808488b.","startPage":"1550","endPage":"1554","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211939,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b808488b"},{"id":239324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0044e4b0c8380cd4f698","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagourney, S.J.","contributorId":104284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagourney","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, S. A. 0000-0002-9468-0005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0005","contributorId":23561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckley, B.","contributorId":14195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kingston, H.M.S.","contributorId":101875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingston","given":"H.M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yang, S.-Y.","contributorId":74200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"S.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Long, S.E.","contributorId":47580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030646,"text":"70030646 - 2008 - Gas and gas hydrate distribution around seafloor seeps in Mississippi Canyon, Northern Gulf of Mexico, using multi-resolution seismic imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030646","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas and gas hydrate distribution around seafloor seeps in Mississippi Canyon, Northern Gulf of Mexico, using multi-resolution seismic imagery","docAbstract":"To determine the impact of seeps and focused flow on the occurrence of shallow gas hydrates, several seafloor mounds in the Atwater Valley lease area of the Gulf of Mexico were surveyed with a wide range of seismic frequencies. Seismic data were acquired with a deep-towed, Helmholz resonator source (220-820 Hz); a high-resolution, Generator-Injector air-gun (30-300 Hz); and an industrial air-gun array (10-130 Hz). Each showed a significantly different response in this weakly reflective, highly faulted area. Seismic modeling and observations of reversed-polarity reflections and small scale diffractions are consistent with a model of methane transport dominated regionally by diffusion but punctuated by intense upward advection responsible for the bathymetric mounds, as well as likely advection along pervasive filamentous fractures away from the mounds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.015","issn":"02648","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., Hart, P., Hutchinson, D.R., Dutta, N., Snyder, F., Coffin, R., and Gettrust, J., 2008, Gas and gas hydrate distribution around seafloor seeps in Mississippi Canyon, Northern Gulf of Mexico, using multi-resolution seismic imagery: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 25, no. 9, p. 952-959, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.015.","startPage":"952","endPage":"959","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476716,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2619","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212108,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.015"},{"id":239531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14bfe4b0c8380cd54b48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.T.","contributorId":51516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, P. E.","contributorId":10773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dutta, N.","contributorId":7086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutta","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snyder, F.","contributorId":84160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coffin, R.B.","contributorId":59628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffin","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gettrust, J.F.","contributorId":80080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettrust","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030647,"text":"70030647 - 2008 - Environment and paleoecology of a 12 ka mid-North American Younger Dryas forest chronicled in tree rings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-01T13:02:16","indexId":"70030647","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environment and paleoecology of a 12 ka mid-North American Younger Dryas forest chronicled in tree rings","docAbstract":"Until now, availability of wood from the Younger Dryas abrupt cooling event (YDE) in N. America ca. 12.9 to 11.6 ka has been insufficient to develop high-resolution chronologies for refining our understanding of YDE conditions. Here we present a multi-proxy tree-ring chronology (ring widths, “events” evidenced by microanatomy and macro features, stable isotopes) from a buried black spruce forest in the Great Lakes area (Liverpool East site), spanning 116 yr at ca. 12,000 cal yr BP. During this largely cold and wet period, the proxies convey a coherent and precise forest history including frost events, tilting, drowning and burial in estuarine sands as the Laurentide Ice Sheet deteriorated. In the middle of the period, a short mild interval appears to have launched the final and largest episode of tree recruitment. Ultimately the tops of the trees were sheared off after death, perhaps by wind-driven ice floes, culminating an interval of rising water and sediment deposition around the base of the trees. Although relative influences of the continental ice sheet and local effects from ancestral Lake Michigan are indeterminate, the tree-ring proxies provide important insight into environment and ecology of a N. American YDE boreal forest stand.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2008.08.006","issn":"00335","usgsCitation":"Panyushkina, I.P., Leavitt, S.W., Thompson, T.A., Schneider, A.F., and Lange, T., 2008, Environment and paleoecology of a 12 ka mid-North American Younger Dryas forest chronicled in tree rings: Quaternary Research, v. 70, no. 3, p. 433-441, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.08.006.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"441","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212133,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.08.006"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0989e4b0c8380cd51f6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panyushkina, Irina P.","contributorId":61242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panyushkina","given":"Irina","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leavitt, Steven W.","contributorId":77312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavitt","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Todd A.","contributorId":38501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schneider, Allan F.","contributorId":24937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lange, Todd","contributorId":58845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lange","given":"Todd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030648,"text":"70030648 - 2008 - Littoral zones as sources of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon in lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030648","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Littoral zones as sources of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon in lakes","docAbstract":"A survey of 12 lakes in Minnesota, USA, was conducted to examine the factors controlling variability in biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) concentration. The principal question addressed was whether BDOC concentration was more strongly related to lake trophic status or morphometric parameters. BDOC concentration was determined by incubating filtered lake water for a period of 15 months and fitting an exponential decay curve to measured DOC concentrations. BDOC concentrations varied from 73 to 427 mmol C.L-1 and composed 15%-63% of the total DOC pool. There were no significant correlations between BDOC and measures of lake trophic status. Instead, BDOC was most closely associated with the percentage of lake area covered by littoral zone, suggesting a significant source of BDOC from aquatic macrophytes and lake surface sediments. ?? 2008 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F08-142","issn":"07066","usgsCitation":"Stets, E., and Cotner, J., 2008, Littoral zones as sources of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon in lakes: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 65, no. 11, p. 2454-2460, https://doi.org/10.1139/F08-142.","startPage":"2454","endPage":"2460","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212134,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F08-142"},{"id":239569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48b7e4b0c8380cd6809c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stets, E.G.","contributorId":52791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stets","given":"E.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cotner, J.B.","contributorId":95272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cotner","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030703,"text":"70030703 - 2008 - Long-term water quality and biological responses to multiple best management practices in Rock Creek, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030703","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term water quality and biological responses to multiple best management practices in Rock Creek, Idaho","docAbstract":"Water quality and macroinvertebrate assemblage data from 1981 to 2005 were assessed to evaluate the water quality and biological responses of a western trout stream to the implementation of multiple best management practices (BMPs) on irrigated cropland. Data from Rock Creek near Twin Falls, Idaho, a long-term monitoring site, were assembled from state and federal sources to provide the evaluation. Seasonal loads of the nonpoint source pollutants suspended sediment (SS), total phosphorus (TP), and nitrate-nitrite (NN) were estimated using a regression model with time-series streamflow data and constituent concentrations. Trends in the macroinvertebrate assemblages were evaluated using a number of biological metrics and nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination. Regression analysis found significant annual decreases in TP and SS flow-adjusted concentrations during the BMP implementation period from 1983 to 1990 of about 7 and 10%, respectively. These results are coincident with the implementation of multiple BMPs on about 75% of the irrigated cropland in the watershed. Macroinvertebrate assemblages during this time also responded with a change in taxa composition resulting in improved biotic index scores. Taxon specific TP and SS optima, empirically derived from a large national dataset, predicted a decrease in SS concentrations of about 37% (52 to 33 mg/l) and a decrease in TP concentrations of about 50% (0.20 to 0.10 mg/l) from 1981 to 1987. Decreasing trends in TP, SS, and NN pollutant loads were primarily the result of naturally low streamflow conditions during the BMP post-implementation period from 1993 to 2005. Trends in macroinvertebrate responses during 1993 to 2005 were confounded by the introduction of the New Zealand mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum), which approached densities of 100,000 per m 2 in riffle habitat. The occurrence of this invasive species appears to have caused a major shift in composition and function of the macroinvertebrate assemblages. ?? 2008 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00221.x","issn":"10934","usgsCitation":"Maret, T., MacCoy, D., and Carlisle, D., 2008, Long-term water quality and biological responses to multiple best management practices in Rock Creek, Idaho: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 44, no. 5, p. 1248-1269, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00221.x.","startPage":"1248","endPage":"1269","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211881,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00221.x"},{"id":239254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49b1e4b0c8380cd687f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maret, T.R.","contributorId":9015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maret","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacCoy, D.E.","contributorId":47814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCoy","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlisle, D.M.","contributorId":81059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030261,"text":"70030261 - 2008 - Simulated natural hydrologic regime of an intermountain playa conservation site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030261","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated natural hydrologic regime of an intermountain playa conservation site","docAbstract":"An intermountain playa wetland preserve in Colorado's San Luis Valley was studied to assess how its current hydrologic function compares to its natural hydrologic regime. Current hydrologic conditions were quantified, and on-site effects of off-site water use were assessed. A water-budget model was developed to simulate an unaltered (i.e., natural) hydrologic regime, and simulated natural conditions were compared to observed conditions. From 1998-2002, observed stream inflows accounted for ??? 80% of total annual water inputs. No ground water discharged to the wetland. Evapotranspiration (ET) accounted for ??? 69% of total annual water loss. Simulated natural conditions differed substantially from current altered conditions with respect to depth, variability, and frequency of flooding. During 1998-2002, observed monthly mean surface-water depth was 65% lower than under simulated natural conditions. Observed monthly variability in water depth range from 129% greater (May) to 100% less (September and October) than simulated. As observed, the wetland dried completely (i.e., was ephemeral) in all years; as simulated, the wetland was ephemeral in two of five years. For the period 1915-2002, the simulated wetland was inundated continuously for as long as 16 years and nine months. The large differences in observed and simulated surface-water dynamics resulted from differences between altered and simulated unaltered stream inflows. The maximum and minimum annual total stream inflows observed from 1998-2005 were 3.1 ?? 106 m3 and 0 m3, respectively, versus 15.5 ?? 106 m3 and 3.2 ?? 106 m3 under simulated natural conditions from 1915-2002. The maximum simulated inflow was 484% greater than observed. These data indicate that the current hydrologic regime of this intermountain playa differs significantly from its natural hydrologic regime, which has important implications for planning and assessing conservation success. ?? 2008, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-76.1","issn":"02775","usgsCitation":"Sanderson, J., Kotliar, N., Steingraeber, D., and Browne, C., 2008, Simulated natural hydrologic regime of an intermountain playa conservation site: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 2, p. 363-377, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-76.1.","startPage":"363","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212033,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-76.1"},{"id":239437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fb7e4b08c986b3190cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanderson, J.S.","contributorId":13424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanderson","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kotliar, N.B.","contributorId":7649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steingraeber, D.A.","contributorId":95269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steingraeber","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Browne, C.","contributorId":30035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browne","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030328,"text":"70030328 - 2008 - Analytical validation of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for Pan-American lineage H7 subtype Avian influenza viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T15:51:00","indexId":"70030328","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2492,"text":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analytical validation of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for Pan-American lineage H7 subtype Avian influenza viruses","docAbstract":"A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for the identification of the H7 subtype in North American Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) was first reported in 2002; however, recent AIV surveillance efforts in wild birds and H7 outbreaks in poultry demonstrated that the 2002 test did not detect all H7 AIVs present in North and South America. Therefore, a new test, the 2008 Pan-American H7 test, was developed by using recently available H7 nucleotide sequences. The analytical specificity of the new assay was characterized with an RNA panel composed of 19 H7 viruses from around the world and RNA from all hemagglutinin subtypes except H16. Specificity for North and South American lineage H7 viruses was observed. Assay limits of detection were determined to be between 103 and 104 gene copies per reaction with in vitro transcribed RNA, and 100.0 and 10 0.8 50% egg infectious doses per reaction. The 2008 Pan-American H7 test also was shown to perform similarly to the 2002 test with specimens from chickens experimentally exposed to A/Chicken/BritishColumbia/314514-2/04 H7N3 highly pathogenic AIV. Furthermore, the 2008 test was able to detect 100% (n = 27) of the H7 AIV isolates recovered from North American wild birds in a 2006-2007 sample set (none of which were detected by the 2002 H7 test).
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America\"}}]}","volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebece4b0c8380cd48f7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spackman, Erica","contributorId":82126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spackman","given":"Erica","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":426716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ip, Hon S. 0000-0003-4844-7533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":15829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"Hon S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suarez, D.L.","contributorId":21351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slemons, R.D.","contributorId":75737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slemons","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stallknecht, D.E.","contributorId":6660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallknecht","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030262,"text":"70030262 - 2008 - The effects of water-level fluctuations on vegetation in a Lake Huron wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030262","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of water-level fluctuations on vegetation in a Lake Huron wetland","docAbstract":"The diversity and resultant habitat value of wetland plant communities in the Laurentian Great Lake's are dependent on water-level fluctuations of varying frequency and amplitude. Conceptual models have described the response of vegetation to alternating high and low lake levels, but few quantitative studies have documented the changes that occur. In response to recent concerns over shoreline management activities during an ongoing period of low lake levels in lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron that began in 1999, we analyzed a quantitative data set from Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron collected from 1988 to 1993 during a previous lake-level decline to provide the needed information on vegetation responses. Transects were established that followed topographic contours with water-level histories that differed across a six-year period, ranging from barely flooded to dewatered for varying numbers of years to never dewatered. Percent cover data from randomly placed quadrats along those transects were analyzed to assess floristic changes over time, document development of distinct plant assemblages, and relate the results to lake-level changes. Ordinations showed that plant assemblages sorted out by transects that reflect differing water-level histories. Distinction of assemblages was maintained for at least three years, although the composition and positioning of those assemblages changed as lake levels changed. We present a model that uses orthogonal axes to plot transects by years out of water against distance above water and sorted those transects in a manner that matched ordination results. The model suggests that vegetation response following dewatering is dependent on both position along the water level/soil moisture gradient and length of time since dewatering. This study provided quantitative evidence that lake-level fluctuations drive vegetative change in Great Lakes wetlands, and it may assist in making decisions regarding shoreline management in areas that historically supported wetlands. ?? 2008, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-129.1","issn":"02775","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, D., and Nichols, S.J., 2008, The effects of water-level fluctuations on vegetation in a Lake Huron wetland: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 2, p. 487-501, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-129.1.","startPage":"487","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476752,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2271","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212061,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-129.1"},{"id":239473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babace4b08c986b322fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, D.A.","contributorId":55382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, S. J.","contributorId":63770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030295,"text":"70030295 - 2008 - Tertiary tilting and dismemberment of the laramide arc and related hydrothermal systems, Sierrita Mountain, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030295","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tertiary tilting and dismemberment of the laramide arc and related hydrothermal systems, Sierrita Mountain, Arizona","docAbstract":"Multiple lines of evidence, including new and published geologic mapping and paleomagnetic and geobarometric determinations, demonstrate that the rocks and large porphyry copper systems of the Sierrita Mountains in southern Arizona were dismembered and tilted 50?? to 60?? to the south by Tertiary normal faulting. Repetition of geologic features and geobarometry indicate that the area is segmented into at least three major structural blocks, and the present surface corresponds to oblique sections through the Laramide plutonic-hydrothermal complex, ranging in paleodepth from ???1 to ???12 km. These results add to an evolving view of a north-south extensional domain at high angles to much extension in the southern Basin and Range, contrast with earlier interpretations that the Laramide systems are largely upright and dismembered by thrust faults, highlight the necessity of restoring Tertiary rotations before interpreting Laramide structural and hydrothermal features, and add to the broader understanding of pluton emplacement and evolution of porphyry copper systems. ?? 2008 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.103.3.629","issn":"03610","usgsCitation":"Stavast, W., Butler, R., Seedorff, E., Barton, M., and Ferguson, C., 2008, Tertiary tilting and dismemberment of the laramide arc and related hydrothermal systems, Sierrita Mountain, Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 103, no. 3, p. 629-636, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.3.629.","startPage":"629","endPage":"636","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212117,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.3.629"},{"id":239543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba58be4b08c986b320af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stavast, W.J.A.","contributorId":50729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stavast","given":"W.J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, R.P.","contributorId":9858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seedorff, E.","contributorId":95271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seedorff","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barton, M.D.","contributorId":11341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferguson, C.A.","contributorId":89346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030263,"text":"70030263 - 2008 - The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030263","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia","docAbstract":"The Ellsworth terrane is one of a number of fault-bounded blocks that occur along the eastern margin of Ganderia, the western-most of the peri-Gondwanan domains in the northern Appalachians that were accreted to Laurentia in the Paleozoic. Geologic relations, detrital zircon ages, and basalt geochemistry suggest that the Ellsworth terrane is part of Ganderia and not an exotic terrane. In the Penobscot Bay area of coastal Maine, the Ellsworth terrane is dominantly composed of bimodal basalt-rhyolite volcanic sequences of the Ellsworth Schist and unconformably overlying Castine Volcanics. We use new U-Pb zircon geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd and Pb isotopes for these volcanic sequences to constrain the petrogenetic history and paleotectonic setting of the Ellsworth terrane and its relationship with Ganderia. U-Pb zircon geochronology for rhyolites indicates that both the Ellsworth Schist (508.6 ?? 0.8 Ma) and overlying Castine Volcanics (503.5 ?? 2.5 Ma) are Middle Cambrian in age. Two tholefitic basalt types are recognized. Type Tb-1 basalt, present as pillowed and massive lava flows and as sills in both units, has depleted La and Ce ([La/Nd]N = 0.53-0.87) values, flat heavy rare earth element (REE) values, and no positive Th or negative Ta anomalies on primitive mantle-normalized diagrams. In contrast, type Th-2 basalt, present only in the Castine Volcanics, has stightly enriched LREE ([La/Yb]N = 1.42-2.92) values and no Th or Th anomalies. Both basalt types have strongly positive ??Nd (500) values (Th-1 = +7.9-+8.6; Th-2 = +5.6-+7.0) and relatively enriched Pb isotopic compositions (206Ph/204Pb = 18.037-19.784; 207/204Pb = 15.531-15.660; 2088Pb/204Pb = 37.810-38.817). The basalts have compositions transitional between recent normal and enriched mid-ocean-ridge basalt, and they were probably derived by partial melting of compositionatly heterogeneous asthenosphenc mantle. Two types of rhyolite also are present. Type R-1 rhyolite, which mostly occurs as tuffs interlayered with basalt in the Ellsworth Schist, is calc-alkaline and characterized by relatively low REE, Zr, and Hf contents, enriched LREE ([La/Yb]N ???3-6), positive Th and negative Th anomalies, ??Nd (500) values near zero (+0.5 to -0.9), and relatively unradiogenic Ph isotope values (206Pb/204Pb = 18.845; 207Pb/ 204Pb = 15.625; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.626). The data suggest that R-1 rhyolite magma was Likely derived by mixing of basalt with melts from a relatively depleted crustal source. Type R-2 rhyolite, which mostly occurs as lava flows and domes in the Castine volcanics, is tholeiitic and characterized by enriched REE with flat patterns ([La/Yb]N = 1-2.5), moderate negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0-34.5), enriched Th, small negative Th anomalies, and ??Nd (500) (+5.8-+7.5) and Ph isotope (206Pb/204Pb = 19.175-19.619; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.605--15.649; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.834-38.851) values that overlap those of the tholeiitic basalts. The data suggest that R-2 rhyolite magma was derived by the partial melting of hydrothermally altered basalt with the addition of a small amount of an enriched component, probably R-1 rhyolite. The geololic, geochemicai, and isotopic characteristics of the bimodal volcanic sequences strongly suggest that the Ellsworth terrane did not evolve as an extensional back-arc basin behind an active arc, but rather it evolved as a proto-oceanic rift petrogenetically similar to Cenozoic rifts like the Gulf of California-Salton mrough and Red Sea-Gulf of Aden rift systems. Such a setting is supported by the presence of serpentinized mantle and zinc-copper-rich massive sulfide deposits in the Ellsworth terrane. We conclude that the Ellsworth terrane developed as a Mid","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B26336.1","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Schulz, K.J., Stewart, D.B., Tucker, R.D., Pollock, J., and Ayuso, R., 2008, The Ellsworth terrane, coastal Maine: Geochronology, geochemistry, and Nd-Pb isotopic composition - Implications for the rifting of Ganderia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 120, no. 9-10, p. 1134-1158, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26336.1.","startPage":"1134","endPage":"1158","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212088,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26336.1"}],"volume":"120","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba719e4b08c986b321367","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, K. J.","contributorId":79131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, D. B.","contributorId":41809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, R. D.","contributorId":43409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollock, J.C.","contributorId":107496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030296,"text":"70030296 - 2008 - Relative importance of natural disturbances and habitat degradation on snail kite population dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030296","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative importance of natural disturbances and habitat degradation on snail kite population dynamics","docAbstract":"Natural disturbances and habitat degradation are major factors influencing the dynamics and persistence of many wildlife populations, yet few large-scale studies have explored the relative influence of these factors on the dynamics and persistence of animal populations. We used longterm demographic data and matrix population models to examine the potential effects of habitat degradation and natural disturbances on the dynamics of the endangered snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis in Florida, USA. We found that estimates of stochastic population growth rate were low (0.90). Population growth rate (??) during the first half or our study period (1992 to 1998) was substantially greater than during the second half (1999 to 2005). These 2 periods were characterized by contrasting hydrological conditions. Although ?? was most sensitive to changes in adult survival, the analysis of life table response experiments revealed that a reduction in fertility of kites accounted for >80% of the observed decline in population growth rate. We examined the possibility that the reduction in ?? was caused by (1) habitat degradation due to management, (2) an increase in frequency of moderate drying events in recent years, and (3) both habitat degradation and an increase in frequency of moderate drying events. Our results suggest that both factors could potentially contribute to a large decrease in population growth rate. Our study highlights the importance of simultaneously considering short- and long-term effects of disturbances when modeling population dynamics. Indeed, focusing exclusively on one type of effect may be misleading to both our understanding of the ecological dynamics of the system and to management. The relevance of our results to management is heightened because the snail kite has been selected as a key performance measure of one of the most ambitious ecosystem restoration projects ever undertaken. ?? Inter-Research 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Endangered Species Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/esr00119","issn":"18635","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., Kitchens, W., Cattau, C.E., and Oli, M., 2008, Relative importance of natural disturbances and habitat degradation on snail kite population dynamics: Endangered Species Research, v. 6, no. 1, p. 25-39, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00119.","startPage":"25","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476721,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00119","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212118,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00119"},{"id":239544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa687e4b0c8380cd84eda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, J.","contributorId":18871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitchens, W.M.","contributorId":87647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cattau, Christopher E.","contributorId":54406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cattau","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oli, M.K.","contributorId":108069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oli","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030297,"text":"70030297 - 2008 - Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene lake-level fluctuations in the Lahontan Basin, Nevada: Implications for the distribution of archaeological sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030297","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1749,"text":"Geoarchaeology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene lake-level fluctuations in the Lahontan Basin, Nevada: Implications for the distribution of archaeological sites","docAbstract":"The Great Basin of the western U.S. contains a rich record of late Pleistocene and Holocene lake-level fluctuations as well as an extensive record of human occupation during the same time frame. We compare spatial-temporal relationships between these records in the Lahontan basin to consider whether lake-level fluctuations across the Pleistocene-Holocene transition controlled distribution of archaeological sites. We use the reasonably well-dated archaeological record from caves and rockshelters as well as results from new pedestrian surveys to investigate this problem. Although lake levels probably reached maximum elevations of about 1230-1235 m in the different subbasins of Lahontan during the Younger Dryas (YD) period, the duration that the lakes occupied the highest levels was brief Paleoindian and early Archaic archaeological sites are concentrated on somewhat lower and slightly younger shorelines (???1220-1225 in) that also date from the Younger Dryas period. This study suggests that Paleoindians often concentrated their activities adjacent to large lakes and wetland resources soon after they first entered the Great Basin. ?? 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoarchaeology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/gea.20237","issn":"08836","usgsCitation":"Adams, K., Goebel, T., Graf, K., Smith, G., Camp, A., Briggs, R., and Rhode, D., 2008, Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene lake-level fluctuations in the Lahontan Basin, Nevada: Implications for the distribution of archaeological sites: Geoarchaeology, v. 23, no. 5, p. 608-643, https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.20237.","startPage":"608","endPage":"643","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212144,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.20237"},{"id":239580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4509e4b0c8380cd66fa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, K.D.","contributorId":93277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goebel, Thomas","contributorId":43982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goebel","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graf, K.","contributorId":91693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, G.M.","contributorId":83538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Camp, A.J.","contributorId":54795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Briggs, R.W.","contributorId":97317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rhode, D.","contributorId":29145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhode","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030264,"text":"70030264 - 2008 - Recent sedimentation patterns within the central Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T14:15:02","indexId":"70030264","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent sedimentation patterns within the central Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Sediment deposition and storage are important functions of forested bottomlands, yet documentation and interpretation of sedimentation processes in these systems remain incomplete. Our study was located in the central Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana, a distributary of the Mississippi River and contains the largest contiguously forested riparian wetland in North America, which suffers from high sedimentation in some areas and hypoxia in others. We established 20 floodplain transects reflecting the distribution of depositional environments within the central Basin and monitored general and local sediment deposition patterns over a three-year period (2000-2003). Deposition rate, sediment texture, bulk density, and loss on ignition (LOI, percent organic material) were determined near or just above artificial markers (clay pads) located at each station per transect. Transect mean sedimentation rates ranged from about 2 to 42 mm/yr, mean percent organic material ranged from about 7% to 28%, mean percent sand (> 63 ??) ranged from about 5% to 44%, and bulk density varied from about 0.4 to 1.3. The sites were categorized into five statistically different clusters based on sedimentation rate; most of these could be characterized by a suite of parameters that included hydroperiod, source(s) of sediment-laden water, hydraulic connectivity, flow stagnation, and local geomorphic setting along transect (levee versus backswamp), which lead to distinct spatial sedimentation patterns. Sites with low elevation (long hydroperiod), high hydraulic connectivity to multiple sources of sediment-laden water, and hydraulic damming (flow stagnation) featured the highest amounts of sediment trapping; the converse in any of these factors typically diminished sediment trapping. Based on aerial extent of clusters, the study area potentially traps 6,720,000 Mg of sediment annually, of which, 820,000 Mg represent organic materials. Thus, the Atchafalaya Basin plays a substantial role in lowland sediment (and associated contaminant) storage, including the sequestration of carbon. Findings on local sedimentation patterns may aid in management of flow to control sediment deposition and reduce hypoxia. ?? 2008, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/06-132.1","issn":"02775","usgsCitation":"Hupp, C., Demas, C.R., Kroes, D., Day, R.H., and Doyle, T., 2008, Recent sedimentation patterns within the central Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 1, p. 125-140, https://doi.org/10.1672/06-132.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"140","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a964ae4b0c8380cd81ee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, C.R. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":78775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demas, C. R.","contributorId":77178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kroes, D.E.","contributorId":60847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroes","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Day, Richard H. 0000-0002-5959-7054 dayr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-7054","contributorId":2427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Richard","email":"dayr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030512,"text":"70030512 - 2008 - Is there enough sand? Evaluating the fate of Grand Canyon sandbars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-27T08:22:38","indexId":"70030512","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is there enough sand? Evaluating the fate of Grand Canyon sandbars","docAbstract":"Large dams have the potential to dramatically alter the flow regime, geomorphology, and aquatic ecosystem of downstream river reaches. Development of flow release regimes in order to meet multiple objectives is a challenge facing dam operators, resource managers, and scientists. Herein, we review previous work and present new analyses related to the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on the downstream reach of the Colorado River in Marble and Grand Canyons. The dam traps the entire incoming sediment load in Lake Powell and modulates the hydrologic regime by, for example, eliminating spring snowmelt floods, resulting in changes in the geomorphology of the river downstream. The primary geomorphic impact has been the erosion of sandbars along the banks of the river. Recognition of this impact has led to many scientific studies and a variety of experimental operations of Glen Canyon Dam with the goal of rebuilding the eroding sandbars. These efforts have thus far been generally unsuccessful and the question remains as to whether or not the dam can be operated such that sandbars can be rebuilt and maintained over extended periods with the existing sediment supply. We attempt to answer this question by evaluating a dam operation that may be considered a \"best-case scenario\" for rebuilding and maintaining eroded sandbars. Our analysis suggests that this best-case scenario may indeed have viability for rebuilding sandbars, and that the initial rate at which sandbars could be rebuilt is comparable to the rate at which sandbars have been eroded since dam construction. The question remains open as to the viability of operations that deviate from the best-case scenario that we have defined.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoSociety","doi":"10.1130/GSATG12A.1","issn":"10525","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., Schmidt, J.C., Melis, T., Topping, D., and Rubin, D.M., 2008, Is there enough sand? Evaluating the fate of Grand Canyon sandbars: GSA Today, v. 18, no. 8, p. 4-10, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG12A.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211726,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GSATG12A.1"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.554443359375,\n 35.576916524038616\n ],\n [\n -111.214599609375,\n 35.576916524038616\n ],\n [\n -111.214599609375,\n 37.112145754751516\n ],\n [\n -114.554443359375,\n 37.112145754751516\n ],\n [\n -114.554443359375,\n 35.576916524038616\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f33e4b0c8380cd6433e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, S.A.","contributorId":90080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, J. 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Cosmogen 36Cl dating of terminal moraines and other glacial landforms indicates that the last two ice caps, called Older Makanaka and Younger Makanaka, retreated from their maximum positions approximately 23ka and 13ka, respectively. The margins and equilibrium line altitudes of these ice caps on the remote, tropical Pacific island were nearly identical, which would seem to imply the same mechanism for ice growth. But modelling of glacier mass balance, combined with palaeotemperature proxy data from the subtropical North Pacific, suggests that the causes of the two glacial expansions may have been different. Older Makanaka airatop Mauna Kea was likely wetter than today and cold, whereas Younger Makanaka times were slightly warmer but significantly wetter than the previous glaciation. The modelled increase in precipitation rates atop Mauna Kea during the Late Pleistocene is consistent with that near sea level inferred from pollen data, which suggests that the additional precipitation was due to more frequent and/ or intense tropical storms associated with eastward-moving cold fronts. These conditions were similar to modern La Ni??a (weak ENSO) conditions, but persisted for millennia rather than years. Increased precipitation rates and the resulting steeper temperature lapse rates created glacial conditions atop Mauna Kea in the absence of sufficient cooling at sea level, suggesting that if similar correlations existed elsewhere in the tropics, the precipitation-dependent lapse rates could reconcile the apparent difference between glacial-time cooling of the tropics at low and high altitudes. Copyright ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Quaternary Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/jqs.1195","issn":"02678","usgsCitation":"Pigati, J., Zreda, M., Zweck, C., Almasi, P., Elmore, D., and Sharp, W., 2008, Ages and inferred causes of late Pleistocene glaciations on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 23, no. 6-7, p. 683-702, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1195.","startPage":"683","endPage":"702","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211754,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1195"},{"id":239104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e901e4b0c8380cd4802c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pigati, J.S.","contributorId":80486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zreda, M.","contributorId":72557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zreda","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zweck, C.","contributorId":87363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zweck","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Almasi, P.F.","contributorId":21761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almasi","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elmore, D.","contributorId":83268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elmore","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sharp, W.D.","contributorId":88467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030678,"text":"70030678 - 2008 - Genetic evidence of intercontinental movement of avian influenza in a migratory bird: The northern pintail (Anas acuta)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T14:22:41","indexId":"70030678","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic evidence of intercontinental movement of avian influenza in a migratory bird: The northern pintail (Anas acuta)","docAbstract":"The role of migratory birds in the movement of the highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza H5N1 remains a subject of debate. Testing hypotheses regarding intercontinental movement of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses will help evaluate the potential that wild birds could carry Asian-origin strains of HP avian influenza to North America during migration. Previous North American assessments of LPAI genetic variation have found few Asian reassortment events. Here, we present results from whole-genome analyses of LPAI isolates collected in Alaska from the northern pintail (Anas acuta), a species that migrates between North America and Asia. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the genetic divergence between Asian and North American strains of LPAI, but also suggested inter-continental virus exchange and at a higher frequency than previously documented. In 38 isolates from Alaska, nearly half (44.7%) had at least one gene segment more closely related to Asian than to North American strains of LPAI. Additionally, sequences of several Asian LPAI isolates from GenBank clustered more closely with North American northern pintail isolates than with other Asian origin viruses. Our data support the role of wild birds in the intercontinental transfer of influenza viruses, and reveal a higher degree of transfer in Alaska than elsewhere in North America. ?? 2008 The Authors.
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\"}}]}","volume":"17","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1577e4b0c8380cd54e1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koehler, A.V.","contributorId":96899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koehler","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030325,"text":"70030325 - 2008 - Temporal evolution of continental lithospheric strength in actively deforming regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030325","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal evolution of continental lithospheric strength in actively deforming regions","docAbstract":"It has been agreed for nearly a century that a strong, load-bearing outer layer of earth is required to support mountain ranges, transmit stresses to deform active regions and store elastic strain to generate earthquakes. However the dept and extent of this strong layer remain controversial. Here we use a variety of observations to infer the distribution of lithospheric strength in the active western United States from seismic to steady-state time scales. We use evidence from post-seismic transient and earthquake cycle deformation reservoir loading glacio-isostatic adjustment, and lithosphere isostatic adjustment to large surface and subsurface loads. The nearly perfectly elastic behavior of Earth's crust and mantle at the time scale of seismic wave propagation evolves to that of a strong, elastic crust and weak, ductile upper mantle lithosphere at both earthquake cycle (EC, ???10?? to 103 yr) and glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA, ???103 to 104 yr) time scales. Topography and gravity field correlations indicate that lithosphere isostatic adjustment (LIA) on ???106-107 yr time scales occurs with most lithospheric stress supported by an upper crust overlying a much weaker ductile subtrate. These comparisons suggest that the upper mantle lithosphere is weaker than the crust at all time scales longer than seismic. In contrast, the lower crust has a chameleon-like behavior, strong at EC and GIA time scales and weak for LIA and steady-state deformation processes. The lower crust might even take on a third identity in regions of rapid crustal extension or continental collision, where anomalously high temperatures may lead to large-scale ductile flow in a lower crustal layer that is locally weaker than the upper mantle. Modeling of lithospheric processes in active regions thus cannot use a one-size-fits-all prescription of rheological layering (relation between applied stress and deformation as a function of depth) but must be tailored to the time scale and tectonic setting of the process being investigated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Today","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/GSAT01804-5A.1","issn":"10525","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, W., and Pollitz, F., 2008, Temporal evolution of continental lithospheric strength in actively deforming regions: GSA Today, v. 18, no. 4-5, p. 4-11, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAT01804-5A.1.","startPage":"4","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487644,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsat01804-5a.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212036,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GSAT01804-5A.1"},{"id":239440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba50ee4b08c986b320792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}