Coastal wetlands are predicted to undergo extensive transformation due to climate and land use change. Baseline maps of coastal wetlands can be used to help assess changes. Found in the upper portion of the estuarine zone, high marsh and salt pannes/flats provide ecosystem goods and services and are particularly important to fish and wildlife. We developed the first map of high marsh and salt pannes/flats along the northern Gulf of Mexico using regional models that included spectral indices related to greenness and wetness from optical satellite imagery, elevation data, irregularly flooded wetland probability information, and synthetic aperture radar backscatter. We found the greatest relative coverage of high marsh along the Texas coast (30% to 65%) and the Florida Panhandle (40%), whereas the greatest relative coverage of salt pannes/flats was along the lower Texas coast (74%) and the middle Texas coast (15%). As part of this effort, we also developed a map that highlighted irregularly flooded wetlands dominated by Juncus roemerianus (black needlerush) for part of the study area. Both maps had an overall accuracy of around 80%. Our results advance the understanding of estuarine marsh zonation and provide a baseline for assessing future transformations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106049.2023.2285354","usgsCitation":"Enwright, N., Cheney, W.C., Evans, K., Thurman, H., Woodrey, M.S., Fournier, A., Moon, J.A., Levy, H.E., Cox, J.A., Kappes, P.J., Nyman, J., and Pitchford, J.L., 2023, Mapping high marsh and salt pannes/flats along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast: Geocarto International, v. 38, no. 1, 2285354, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2023.2285354.","productDescription":"2285354, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156783","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2023.2285354","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":423321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, 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0000-0001-7097-5362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7097-5362","contributorId":294346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurman","given":"Hana R.","affiliations":[{"id":63558,"text":"Cherokee Nation System Solutions, contracted to the U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woodrey, Mark S.","contributorId":259212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodrey","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fournier, Auriel 0000-0002-8530-9968","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8530-9968","contributorId":261669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fournier","given":"Auriel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36403,"text":"University of Illinois","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moon, Jena A.","contributorId":171483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moon","given":"Jena","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Levy, Heather E.","contributorId":332275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levy","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":33355,"text":"Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cox, James A.","contributorId":332277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cox","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":33355,"text":"Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kappes, Peter J.","contributorId":275193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kappes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nyman, John A.","contributorId":215127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nyman","given":"John A.","affiliations":[{"id":39183,"text":"School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pitchford, Jonathan L.","contributorId":301251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitchford","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":52643,"text":"Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70250541,"text":"70250541 - 2023 - Satellite telemetry reveals space use of diamondback terrapins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-15T12:39:45.182424","indexId":"70250541","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-08T06:36:22","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":773,"text":"Animal Biotelemetry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite telemetry reveals space use of diamondback terrapins","docAbstract":"Movement and space use information of exploited and imperiled coastal species is critical to management and conservation actions. While satellite telemetry has been successfully used to document movements of marine turtles, the large tag sizes available have limited use on smaller turtle species. We used small Argos-based satellite tags to document movement patterns of diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin), the only estuarine turtle species in North America. Movement data from ten terrapins in St. Joseph Bay, Florida were gathered between July 13, 2018 and July 22, 2021. We estimated seasonal space use using the daily locations generated from a Bayesian hierarchical state-space model to calculate minimum convex polygons (95% MCP) and kernel density estimates (50% and 95% KDE). Mean tracking duration was 125 days and mean home range size was 9.4 km2 (95% MCP) and 8.1 km2 (95% KDE). Seagrass habitat comprised 55.8% of all home ranges on average, whereas salt marsh comprised a mean of 3.0%. Mean elevation used by terrapins was − 0.13 m (95% MCP) and -0.35 m (95% KDE). Satellite telemetry provided broad-scale spatiotemporal movement and space use data; however, Argos error produced considerable noise relative to true terrapin movements given their size, speed, and behavior. Terrapin home ranges were greater than previously reported and three of the ten terrapins exhibited repeated long-distance, directed movements within the bay. Small patches of salt marsh habitat were centralized within home ranges, despite comprising only a small percentage for each terrapin. Moreover, the percentage of salt marsh present in each core use area was positively correlated with terrapin mass. Although considered an estuarine species, seagrass habitat comprised a large portion of terrapin home ranges; however, our data did not provide the detail necessary to understand how terrapins were using this habitat. As northward-expanding mangroves continue to infringe upon salt marsh habitat, there is potential for negative impacts to terrapin populations across the northern Gulf of Mexico. As salt marsh habitat continues to be infringed upon by northward-expanding mangroves impacts to terrapins across the northern Gulf of Mexico.
Of all the ways human beings have modified the planet over the last 10,000 years, habitat loss is the most important for other species. To address this most critical threat to biodiversity, governments, non-governmental actors, and the public need to know, in near real-time, where and when habitat loss is occurring. Here we present an integrated habitat modelling system at the range-wide scale for the tiger (Panthera tigris) to measure and monitor changes in tiger habitat at range-wide, national, biome, and landscape scales, as often as the underlying inputs change. We find that after nearly 150 years of decline, effective potential habitat for the tiger seems to have stabilized at around 16% of its indigenous extent (1.817 million km2). As of the 1st of January 2020, there were 63 Tiger Conservation Landscapes in the world, covering 911,920 km2 shared across ten of the 30 modern countries which once harbored tiger populations. Over the last 20 years, the total area of Tiger Conservation Landscapes (TCLs) declined from 1.025 million km2 in 2001, a range-wide loss of 11%, with the greatest losses in Southeast Asia and southern China. Meanwhile, we documented expansions of modelled TCL area in India, Nepal, Bhutan, northern China, and southeastern Russia. We find significant potential for restoring tigers to existing habitats, identified here in 226 Restoration Landscapes. If these habitats had sufficient prey and were tigers able to find them, the occupied land base for tigers might increase by 50%. Our analytical system, incorporating Earth observations, in situ biological data, and a conservation-oriented modelling framework, provides the information the countries need to protect tigers and enhance habitat, including dynamic, spatially explicit maps and results, updated as often as the underlying data change. Our work builds on nearly 30 years of tiger conservation research and provides an accessible way for countries to measure progress and report outcomes. This work serves as a model for objective, range-wide, habitat monitoring as countries work to achieve the goals laid out in the Sustainable Development Goals, the 30×30 Agenda, and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
Coastal restoration through island construction and augmentation is an increasingly common management method in the northern Gulf of Mexico, but evaluating the impacts to shorebird species is difficult. Shorebirds are mostly migratory and many aspects of their life history, including reproduction in some species, occur in other places. In addition, counts or observations of shorebirds made at any given time represent only a portion of the population and that proportion may change with site conditions such as time of day and weather. Dynamic occupancy models can account for imperfect detection and produce estimates of the proportion of area occupied over time as a way to track trends in bird utilization over time.
In this chapter we report on occupancy trends for five focal shorebird species from Caminada Headland and Whiskey Island: American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus), Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus), Red Knot (Calidris canutus), Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus), and Wilson’s Plover (Charadrius wilsonia). We examined up to nine years of surveys at the two sites to model long-term trends in occupancy rates from a period spanning before, during, and after restoration. Our objective was to determine if there was change in occupancy over time (trend) during the restoration period.
Field sampling was conducted as described in Chapter 1 for the five focal species in this chapter. To create spatial units for occupancy analysis we used a grid of 53 unique cells at Caminada Headland and 26 unique cells at Whiskey Island. All observations of the species were located into spatial units using GIS and presence of each species in each cell was determined for each visit within a sampling season. Sampling seasons were defined for species as the period of time where they were most likely to be using the study area, and corresponded with wintering (August–May), breeding (April–August), or staging (March–October). We did not include covariates for initial occupancy or colonization and site survival because these were small sites with homogenous habitat. We did account for time of year within a season by treating survey date as a covariate of detection probability and allowed it to vary throughout the season. We tested for a trend in occupancy over time by determining if the estimated slope through the series of annual occupancy estimates was significantly different from 0.
We conducted 153 total surveys at Caminada Headland from 11 January 2013 to 5 June 2019, and 213 total surveys at Whiskey Island from 7 August 2012 to 19 August 2020. The number of surveys per year varied by species and site and range from 6–23 per species annually at Caminada Headland and 11–28 per species annually at Whiskey Island. Occupancy trends were able to be assessed for all species at both sites, with the exception of the American Oystercatcher, which were only observed in sufficient numbers to estimate occupancy at Whiskey Island. We found a significant positive trend in occupancy from 0.325 to 0.741 for American Oystercatcher at Whiskey Island. There was no significant trend in Piping Plover occupancy at Caminada Headland where occupancy was consistently high (0.910 to 0.947). At Whiskey Island, Piping Plover occupancy estimates increased from 0.574 to 0.908 during the study period which was a significant increase. At Caminada Headland and Whiskey Island Red Knot occupancy varied from 0.482 to 0.891 and 0.350 to 0.742, respectively, but showed no significant trend over the study period. Snowy Plover occupancy at Caminada Headland increased significantly from 0.295 to 0.785 over the study period. Snowy Plover occupancy also increased significantly at Whiskey Island from 0.442 to 0.906. Wilson’s Plover occupancy declined slightly during the study period from 0.946 to 0.935 at Caminada Headland, and from 0.858 to 0.736 at Whiskey Island, but the decline was not significant at either site.
We found no evidence that occupancy declined significantly for any of the species during the period prior to, during, and after restoration. We did find a significant increasing trend in occupancy for Snowy Plover at Caminada Headland and a significant increasing trend for American Oystercatcher, Piping Plover, and Snowy Plover at Whiskey Island. Our modeling results indicate that sampling such as this is sufficient for occupancy modeling and can provide a robust metric for comparison over time or among sites. In future research we plan to investigate the sample size needed to detect a trend. We are currently conducting a power analysis to determine the minimum amount of sampling necessary to have power to detect a trend based on the detection probabilities from this study.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Evaluation of restoration for avian species at Caminada Headland and Whiskey Island in Louisiana","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority","collaboration":"University of Louisiana Lafayette, Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program, Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority","usgsCitation":"Waddle, J., Barrow, W., Jeske, C., Schulz, J., Dobbs, R., LeBlanc, D., Anderson, A.N., Greary, B., Zenzal, T.J., Enwright, N., Thurman. Hana, and Lee, D., 2023, Site occupancy of focal shorebird species at Whiskey Island and Caminada Headland, Louisiana 2012–2020, 36 p.","productDescription":"36 p.","ipdsId":"IP-160700","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":482120,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cims.coastal.la.gov/RecordDetail.aspx?Root=0&sid=26011"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddle, J. Hardin 0000-0003-1940-2133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":215911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"J. Hardin","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie","contributorId":350958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie","affiliations":[{"id":12545,"text":"USGS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeske, Clint W","contributorId":240737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jeske","given":"Clint W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schulz, Jessica","contributorId":330111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schulz","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[{"id":52994,"text":"New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dobbs, Robert C. 0000-0002-9079-7249 rdobbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-7249","contributorId":200300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dobbs","given":"Robert C.","email":"rdobbs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":927501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LeBlanc, Delaina","contributorId":330122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Delaina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78819,"text":"Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, Amanda Nicole 0000-0003-3930-3896","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3930-3896","contributorId":224400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicole","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Greary, Brock","contributorId":350959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greary","given":"Brock","affiliations":[{"id":83379,"text":"University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zenzal, Theodore J. Jr. 0000-0001-7342-1373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7342-1373","contributorId":224399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zenzal","given":"Theodore","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Enwright, Nicholas 0000-0002-7887-3261","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-3261","contributorId":217771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enwright","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Thurman. Hana","contributorId":350960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurman. Hana","affiliations":[{"id":64427,"text":"Cherokee Nation System Solutions","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lee, Darin L.","contributorId":215856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Darin L.","affiliations":[{"id":13608,"text":"Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70251311,"text":"70251311 - 2023 - Understanding fatality patterns and sex ratios of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) at wind energy facilities in western California and Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-03T15:04:35.002663","indexId":"70251311","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-07T09:01:52","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17148,"text":"PeerJ Life & Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding fatality patterns and sex ratios of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) at wind energy facilities in western California and Texas","docAbstract":"Operation of wind turbines has resulted in collision fatalities for several bat species, and one proven method to reduce these fatalities is to limit wind turbine blade rotation (i.e., curtail turbines) when fatalities are expected to be highest. Implementation of curtailment can potentially be optimized by targeting times when females are most at risk, as the proportion of females limits the growth and stability of many bat populations. The Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) is the most common bat fatality at wind energy facilities in California and Texas, and yet there are few available data on the sex ratios of the carcasses that are found. Understanding the sex ratios of fatalities in California and Texas could aid in planning population conservation strategies such as informed curtailment.
We used PCR to determine the sex of bat carcasses collected from wind energy facilities during post-construction monitoring (PCM) studies in California and Texas. In California, we received samples from two locations within the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area in Alameda County: Golden Hills (GH) (n = 212) and Golden Hills North (GHN) (n = 312). In Texas, we received samples from three wind energy facilities: Los Mirasoles (LM) (Hidalgo County and Starr County) (n = 252), Los Vientos (LV) (Starr County) (n = 568), and Wind Farm A (WFA) (San Patricio County and Bee County) (n = 393).
In California, the sex ratios of fatalities did not differ from 50:50, and the sex ratio remained stable over the survey years, but the seasonal timing of peak fatalities was inconsistent. In 2017 and 2018, fatalities peaked between September and October, whereas in 2019 and 2020 fatalities peaked between May and June. In Texas, sex ratios of fatalities varied between locations, with Los Vientos being female-skewed and Wind Farm A being male-skewed. The sex ratio of fatalities was also inconsistent over time. Lastly, for each location in Texas with multiple years studied, we observed a decrease in the proportion of female fatalities over time.
We observed unexpected variation in the seasonal timing of peak fatalities in California and differences in the sex ratio of fatalities across time and facility location in Texas. In Texas, proximity to different roost types (bridge or cave) likely influenced the sex ratio of fatalities at wind energy facilities. Due to the inconsistencies in the timing of peak female fatalities, we were unable to determine an optimum curtailment period; however, there may be location-specific trends that warrant future investigation. More research should be done over the entirety of the bat active season to better understand these trends in Texas. In addition, standardization of PCM studies could assist future research efforts, enhance current monitoring efforts, and facilitate research on post-construction monitoring studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.16580","usgsCitation":"Licari, S., Hale, A., Weaver, S., Fritts, S., Katzner, T., Nelson, D.H., and Williams, D., 2023, Understanding fatality patterns and sex ratios of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) at wind energy facilities in western California and Texas: PeerJ Life & Environment, v. 11, e16580, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16580.","productDescription":"e16580, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156861","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16580","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":425369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, 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We conducted various analyses to determine the impact of coastal restoration on several focal avian species at Caminada Headland and Whiskey Island, Louisiana. We assessed if restoration affected avian use of restored sites by determining overall habitat changes, occupancy trends, and impacts of construction activities. Here, we summarize our findings from Chapters 2-9. For more details and additional information, please see Chapters 1-9 in this report.
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Reclamation—Operations, Monitoring Methods, and Standards","title":"Oil and gas reclamation—Operations, monitoring methods, and standards","docAbstract":"This publication provides broad guidance for surface management of oil and gas development with a focus on promoting successful reclamation. Successful reclamation depends on sound best management practices, clear standards and expectations, defensible monitoring for effectiveness, and management of production facilities to minimize surface disturbance. This publication provides specific guidelines for surface management of oil and gas, including operations, standards, and monitoring. The development of this report was guided by existing Federal reclamation policy, a review of the scientific and other literature, as well as practical field experience. Expertise was pulled from multiple sources including Federal and State agencies, oil and gas contractors, and academia. The target audience for this report is primarily operators and contractors conducting oil and gas activities on U.S. Federal or Tribal lands and the surface management agencies responsible for guiding and enforcing these activities. The guidance on surface management presented here will also be useful for managing oil and gas activities on State and private lands and where private land occurs over Federal mineral estate (split estate).
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U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Drive
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Isotope fractionation related to photochemical reactions and planktonic uptake at the base of the food web is a major uncertainty in the biological application of mercury (Hg) stable isotopes. In freshwater systems, it is unclear how competitive interactions among methylmercury (MeHg), dissolved organic matter (DOM), and phytoplankton govern the magnitude of mass-dependent and mass-independent fractionation. This study investigated how DOM alters rates of planktonic MeHg uptake and photodegradation and corresponding Hg isotope fractionation in the presence of freshwater phytoplankton species, Raphidocelis subcapitata. Outdoor sunlight exposure experiments utilizing R. subcapitata were performed in the presence of different DOM samples using environmentally relevant ratios of MeHg-DOM thiol groups. The extent of Δ199Hg in phytoplankton incubations (2.99‰ St. Louis River HPOA, 1.88‰ Lake Erie HPOA) was lower compared to paired abiotic control experiments (4.29 and 2.86‰, respectively) after ∼30 h of irradiation, resulting from cell shading or other limiting factors reducing the extent of photodemethylation. Although the Δ199Hg/Δ201Hg ratio was uniform across experiments (∼1.4), Δ199Hg/δ202Hg slopes varied dramatically (from −0.96 to 15.4) across incubations with R. subcapitata and DOM. In addition, no evidence of Hg isotope fractionation was observed within R. subcapitata cells. This study provides a refined examination of Hg isotope fractionation markers for key processes occurring in the lower food web prior to bioaccumulation, critical for accurately accounting for the photochemical processing of Hg isotopes across a wide spectrum of freshwater systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00154","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, G.J., Janssen, S., Poulin, B., Tate, M., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Hurley, J., 2023, Competition between dissolved organic matter and freshwater plankton control methylmercury isotope fractionation during uptake and photochemical demethylation: ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, v. 7, no. 12, p. 2382-2392, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00154.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2382","endPage":"2392","ipdsId":"IP-144691","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4km7g31p","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":423840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, Grace Jane 0009-0009-8132-9011","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8132-9011","contributorId":332127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Grace","email":"","middleInitial":"Jane","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":889501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janssen, Sarah E. 0000-0003-4432-3154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4432-3154","contributorId":210991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"Sarah E.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":889502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poulin, Brett A.","contributorId":328488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poulin","given":"Brett A.","affiliations":[{"id":16975,"text":"University of California Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tate, Michael T. 0000-0003-1525-1219 mttate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1525-1219","contributorId":3144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"Michael T.","email":"mttate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":889504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":889505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hurley, James P.","contributorId":147931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurley","given":"James P.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70250634,"text":"70250634 - 2023 - Chromosome-level genome assembly of the blacktail brush lizard, Urosaurus nigricaudus, reveals dosage compensation in an endemic lizard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-21T12:48:14.338615","indexId":"70250634","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-06T06:46:34","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3832,"text":"Genome Biology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chromosome-level genome assembly of the blacktail brush lizard, Urosaurus nigricaudus, reveals dosage compensation in an endemic lizard","docAbstract":"Urosaurus nigricaudus is a phrynosomatid lizard endemic to the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico. This work presents a chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation from a male individual. We used PacBio long reads and HiRise scaffolding to generate a high-quality genomic assembly of 1.87 Gb distributed in 327 scaffolds, with an N50 of 279 Mb and an L50 of 3. Approximately 98.4% of the genome is contained in 14 scaffolds, with 6 large scaffolds (334–127 Mb) representing macrochromosomes and 8 small scaffolds (63–22 Mb) representing microchromosomes. Using standard gene modeling and transcriptomic data, we predicted 17,902 protein-coding genes on the genome. The repeat content is characterized by a large proportion of long interspersed nuclear elements that are relatively old. Synteny analysis revealed some microchromosomes with high repeat content are more prone to rearrangements but that both macro- and microchromosomes are well conserved across reptiles. We identified scaffold 14 as the X chromosome. This microchromosome presents perfect dosage compensation where the single X of males has the same expression levels as two X chromosomes in females. Finally, we estimated the effective population size for U. nigricaudus was extremely low, which may reflect a reduction in polymorphism related to it becoming a peninsular endemic.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gbe/evad210","usgsCitation":"Davalos-Dehullu, E., Baty, S.M., Fisher, R., Scott, P.A., Dolby, G.A., Munguia-Vega, A., and Cortez, D., 2023, Chromosome-level genome assembly of the blacktail brush lizard, Urosaurus nigricaudus, reveals dosage compensation in an endemic lizard: Genome Biology and Evolution, v. 15, no. 12, evad210, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evad210.","productDescription":"evad210, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159626","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evad210","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":423832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davalos-Dehullu, Elizabeth","contributorId":332610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davalos-Dehullu","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79515,"text":"Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":890659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baty, Sarah M.","contributorId":332611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baty","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":890660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":890661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, Peter A.","contributorId":258813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":52299,"text":"Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & La Kretz Center for Calif Conservation Science, Institute of the Environ & Sustainability, UCLA, 90095; West Texas A&M Univ, Dept of Life, Earth, and Environ Sciences. Canyon, Texas 79016","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":890662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dolby, Greer A. 0000-0002-5923-0690","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5923-0690","contributorId":222726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolby","given":"Greer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":890663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Munguia-Vega, Adrian","contributorId":264559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munguia-Vega","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":40855,"text":"UA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":890664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cortez, Diego","contributorId":332612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cortez","given":"Diego","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79515,"text":"Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":890665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70250263,"text":"70250263 - 2023 - Reservoir stratification modulates the influence of impoundments on fish mercury concentrations along an arid land river system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-21T14:55:07.757402","indexId":"70250263","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-05T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reservoir stratification modulates the influence of impoundments on fish mercury concentrations along an arid land river system","docAbstract":"Impoundment is among the most common hydrologic alterations with impacts on aquatic ecosystems that can include effects on mercury (Hg) cycling. However, landscape-scale differences in Hg bioaccumulation between reservoirs and other habitats are not well characterized nor are the processes driving these differences. We examined total Hg (THg) concentrations of Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) collected from reservoir, tailrace, and free-flowing reaches along an 863 km segment of the Snake River, USA, a semiarid river with 22 impoundments along its course. Across three size-classes (putative 1-year-old, first reproductive, and harvestable sized fish), THg concentrations in reservoirs and tailraces averaged 76% higher than those in free-flowing segments. Among reservoirs, THg concentrations were highest in reservoirs with inconsistent stratification patterns, 47% higher than annually stratified, and 144% higher than unstratified reservoirs. Fish THg concentrations in tailraces immediately downstream of stratified reservoirs were higher than those below unstratified (38–130%) or inconsistently stratified (32–79%) reservoirs. Stratification regimes influenced the exceedance of fish and human health benchmarks, with 52–80% of fish from stratifying reservoirs and downstream tailraces exceeding a human consumption benchmark, compared to 6–17% where stratification did not occur. These findings suggest that impoundment and stratification play important roles in determining the patterns of Hg exposure risk across the landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.3c04646","usgsCitation":"Willacker, J., Eagles-Smith, C., Chandler, J., Naymik, J., Myers, R., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 2023, Reservoir stratification modulates the influence of impoundments on fish mercury concentrations along an arid land river system: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 57, no. 30, p. 21313-21326, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c04646.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"21313","endPage":"21326","ipdsId":"IP-154496","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441470,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c04646","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435112,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94VRPSL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mercury in smallmouth bass from the Snake River, USA, 2013-2022"},{"id":423092,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willacker, James 0000-0002-6286-5224","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-5224","contributorId":221744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willacker","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":889218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":221745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":889219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chandler, Jim","contributorId":332006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chandler","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41632,"text":"Idaho Power Company","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naymik, Jesse","contributorId":229386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naymik","given":"Jesse","affiliations":[{"id":41632,"text":"Idaho Power Company","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Myers, Ralph","contributorId":172701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myers","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12541,"text":"Idaho Power Company, P.O. Box 70, Boise ID 83707","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":889223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70250280,"text":"sim3496 - 2023 - Surficial geologic map of the Owlshead Mountains 30' x 60' quadrangle, Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-19T17:36:45.966647","indexId":"sim3496","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-05T10:20:40","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3496","displayTitle":"Surficial Geologic Map of the Owlshead Mountains 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, California","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Owlshead Mountains 30' x 60' quadrangle, Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, California","docAbstract":"The surficial geologic map of the Owlshead Mountains 30' x 60' quadrangle depicts the distribution and characteristics of surficial-deposit materials and neotectonic deformation for an area of approximately 5,000 square kilometers (km2) located in the western Basin and Range Province of eastern California. The map represents a new compilation of the surficial geology that encompasses deposits within the late Pliocene to Quaternary. The map is based primarily on new mapping conducted between 2001 and 2009. Map compilation was supported by field observations distributed across the map area, combined with reference to several published and unpublished mapping sources that mostly emphasized neotectonic deformation. The surficial-deposit units included in the map follow a classification scheme that systematically denotes depositional process, relative age, and any secondary sedimentologic or morphologic characteristics. Identification, correlation, and age estimation of map units are based primarily on the relative degree of development of certain time-dependent characteristics such as surface morphology, including local dissection and surface preservation, surface clast modification, and degree of soil development; these characteristics are implicitly incorporated into unit designations. The map represents a detailed and regionally uniform synthesis of the late Neogene geology for this large area that provides a framework applicable to many interpretative studies, such as regional patterns of deposition and dissection; surface drainage development and evolution; and the distribution, style, and timing of neotectonic deformation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3496","usgsCitation":"Menges, C.M., and Cossette, P.M., 2023, Surficial geologic map of the Owlshead Mountains 30' x 60' quadrangle, Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3496, pamphlet 46 p., 2 sheets, 1:62,500, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3496.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 46 p.; 2 Sheet: 59.92 × 42.54 inches and 50.57 × 30.83 inches; Database; Data Release","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-107100","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500199,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115656.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":423113,"rank":5,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3496/sim3496_database.zip","text":"Database","size":"140 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":423112,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3496/sim3496_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":423109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3496/covrthb_.jpg"},{"id":423110,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3496/sim3496_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":423111,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3496/sim3496_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"26 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.00,\n 36.00\n ],\n [\n -117.00,\n 35.30\n ],\n [\n -116.00,\n 35.30\n ],\n [\n -116.00,\n 36.00\n ],\n [\n -117.00,\n 36.00\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 19, 350 N. Akron Rd.
P.O. Box 158
Moffett Field, CA 94035
Large dam removals are increasing in frequency and the response of natural and managed revegetation is a critical consideration for managed restoration of dewatered reservoir landscapes post dam removal. The removal of two large dams on the Elwha River in 2011-2014 provides insight into reservoir revegetation. We review literature and datasets from 2012 through 2018, 1-6 years since reservoir dewatering, to compare pre-dam removal predictions on the Elwha to post-dam removal of natural revegetation, managed revegetation effects and invasive non-native vegetation response. Pre-dam removal hypotheses about natural revegetation did not predict species performance on reservoir sediments, seed rain patterns, or seed bank response. Sediment texture and landform affected multiple aspects of revegetation, including vegetation cover, species richness, woody stem densities and species composition. Reservoir drawdown timing influenced species composition and seedling densities. Predictions about managed revegetation effects were mixed. Planting trees and shrubs did not accelerate woody cover but did increase species richness. Seeding reduced non-native vegetation frequency and species richness, had no effect on vegetation cover on fine sediments, but increased vegetation cover on coarse sediments. Planting trees and shrubs during drawdown appeared to result in higher survival rates compared to plantings installed 1+ years post drawdown. Seeding Lupinus rivularis (riverbank lupine) on coarse sediments was successful and increased foliar nitrogen in planted conifers. Invasive non-native vegetation was correctly predicted to be more abundant in the Aldwell reservoir but did not preclude native species establishment in either reservoir, likely due to rapid establishment of native species and robust management that occurred before, during and after dam removal.
Populations of the threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) continue to decline throughout the geographic range, in part because of degraded and fragmented habitats in the Mojave and western Sonoran deserts. The species is herbivorous and highly selective in choice of plant species. To increase options for recovery, we analyzed behaviors, patterns of movements while foraging, and parts of plants consumed during a superbloom. We characterized foraging routes and the habitat strata and microhabitats where tortoises traveled to eat preferred wildflower species. Tortoises walked one foraging route per day in early spring, often switched to two routes per day in middle and late spring with rise of midday temperatures. They chose habitat strata (primarily hills and ephemeral stream channels) and three of seven microhabitats for foraging on preferred food plants. Preferred microhabitats were intershrub open space and small (1–2 m wide) ephemeral stream channels. They rarely took bites of forbs growing under and in the dripline of shrubs or nonnative forbs and grasses. Tortoises typically did not select specific plant parts to eat but important exceptions occurred. For example, they usually ignored the inflorescences of the annual Eremothera boothii and, when eating the non-native annual Erodium cicutarium, tended to focus on fruits. All such information aids recovery efforts to restore declining tortoise populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/famrs.2023.1283255","usgsCitation":"Jennings, W.B., and Berry, K.H., 2023, Selection of microhabitats, plants, and plant parts eaten by a threatened tortoise: Observations during a superbloom: Frontiers in Amphibian and Reptile Science, v. 1, 1283255, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/famrs.2023.1283255.","productDescription":"1283255, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159458","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/famrs.2023.1283255","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":423236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area, Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.88016995097182,\n 35.22069288842863\n ],\n [\n -117.8716431957607,\n 35.220509577196765\n ],\n [\n -117.8718675840556,\n 35.213360116227236\n ],\n [\n -117.86221888736947,\n 35.213176788435504\n ],\n [\n -117.86188230492687,\n 35.227841703504055\n ],\n [\n -117.85290677312545,\n 35.228116645353\n ],\n [\n -117.85301896727313,\n 35.24351190186502\n ],\n [\n -117.87994556267647,\n 35.243603531548004\n ],\n [\n -117.88016995097182,\n 35.22069288842863\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, W. Bryan","contributorId":332146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jennings","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bryan","affiliations":[{"id":12655,"text":"University of California, Riverside","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":889563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70250391,"text":"70250391 - 2023 - On the relationship between aquatic CO2 concentration and ecosystem fluxes in some of the world’s key wetland types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T12:51:01.448145","indexId":"70250391","displayToPublicDate":"2023-12-05T06:47:01","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the relationship between aquatic CO2 concentration and ecosystem fluxes in some of the world’s key wetland types","docAbstract":"To understand patterns in CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) over time in wetlands’ surface water and porewater, we examined the relationship between PCO2 and land–atmosphere flux of CO2 at the ecosystem scale at 22 Northern Hemisphere wetland sites synthesized through an open call. Sites spanned 6 major wetland types (tidal, alpine, fen, bog, marsh, and prairie pothole/karst), 7 Köppen climates, and 16 different years. Ecosystem respiration (Reco) and gross primary production (GPP), components of vertical CO2 flux, were compared to PCO2, a component of lateral CO2 flux, to determine if photosynthetic rates and soil respiration consistently influence wetland surface and porewater CO2 concentrations across wetlands. Similar to drivers of primary productivity at the ecosystem scale, PCO2 was strongly positively correlated with air temperature (Tair) at most sites. Monthly average PCO2 tended to peak towards the middle of the year and was more strongly related to Reco than GPP. Our results suggest Reco may be related to biologically driven PCO2 in wetlands, but the relationship is site-specific and could be an artifact of differently timed seasonal cycles or other factors. Higher levels of discharge do not consistently alter the relationship between Reco and temperature normalized PCO2. This work synthesizes relevant data and identifies key knowledge gaps in drivers of wetland respiration.
The emergence of ophidiomycosis (or snake fungal disease) in snakes has prompted increased awareness of the potential effects of fungal infections on wild reptile populations. Yet, aside from Ophidiomyces ophidiicola, little is known about other mycoses affecting wild reptiles. The closely related genus Paranannizziopsis has been associated with dermatomycosis in snakes and tuataras in captive collections, and P. australasiensis was recently identified as the cause of skin infections in non-native wild panther chameleons (Furcifer pardalis) in Florida, USA. Here we describe five cases of Paranannizziopsis spp. associated with skin lesions in wild snakes in North America and one additional case from a captive snake from Connecticut, USA. In addition to demonstrating that wild Nearctic snakes can serve as a host for these fungi, we also provide evidence that the genus Paranannizziopsis is widespread in wild snakes, with cases being identified in Louisiana (USA), Minnesota (USA), Virginia (USA), and British Columbia (Canada). Phylogenetic analyses conducted on multiple loci of the fungal strains we isolated identified P. australasiensis in Louisiana and Virginia; the remaining strains from Minnesota and British Columbia did not cluster with any of the described species of Paranannizziopsis, although the strains from British Columbia appear to represent a single lineage. Finally, we designed a pan-Paranannizziopsis real-time PCR assay targeting the internal transcribed spacer region 2. This assay successfully detected DNA of all described species of Paranannizziopsis and the two potentially novel taxa isolated in this study and did not cross-react with closely related fungi or other fungi commonly found on the skin of snakes. The assay was 100% sensitive and specific when screening clinical (skin tissue or skin swab) samples, although full determination of the assay’s performance will require additional follow up due to the small number of clinical samples (n = 14 from 11 snakes) available for testing in our study. Nonetheless, the PCR assay can provide an important tool in further investigating the prevalence, distribution, and host range of Paranannizziopsis spp. and facilitate more rapid diagnosis of Paranannizziopsis spp. infections that are otherwise difficult to differentiate from other dermatomycoses.
Vehicles are an important source for N deposition that may negatively impact roadside ecosystems. While elevated roadside N deposition has been found in many locations, it is not yet known if vehicle emissions cause measurable increases of N deposition in complex, mountainous terrain adjacent to roads. To address this, this study investigated the effect of vehicle N emissions on throughfall (through trees) and open N deposition in a high traffic corridor in mountainous terrain of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. We measured bulk (wet + dry) atmospheric N deposition in throughfall and open samplers along two transects of 750 (throughfall) and 225 (open) m moving away from the road using ion exchange resin (IER) collectors. Contrary to most studies of roadside N deposition, we found no influence of road proximity on inorganic N deposition in throughfall or open sites, possibly due to terrain complexity. Interactions with vegetation modified regional N deposition; throughfall sites had 69% higher nitrate (NO3−) deposition than open sites and larger trees were associated with higher ammonium (NH4+) deposition as compared to smaller trees. When comparing to regional sites that are part of national monitoring networks, we confirmed that our estimates were unaffected by vehicle emissions as our throughfall IER collectors had similar total inorganic N deposition as wet + dry deposition from regional sites (8.64–13.56 vs 10.72–12.14 g N ha−1 day−1, respectively). These findings do not negate vehicles as a local source of N emissions but suggest elevated N deposition adjacent to busy roads cannot be assumed for complex terrains. Instead, environmental variables may be more important drivers than proximity to roads in topographically complex ecosystems.
Coastal morphological changes can be assessed using shoreline position observations from space. However, satellite-derived waterline (SDW) and shoreline (SDS; SDW corrected for hydrodynamic contributions and outliers) detection methods are subject to several sources of uncertainty and inaccuracy. We extracted high-spatiotemporal-resolution (~50 m-monthly) time series of mean high water shoreline position along the Columbia River Littoral Cell (CRLC), located on the US Pacific Northwest coast, from Landsat missions (1984–2021). We examined the accuracy of the SDS time series along the mesotidal, mildly sloping, high-energy wave climate and dissipative beaches of the CRLC by validating them against 20 years of quarterly in situ beach elevation profiles. We found that the accuracy of the SDS time series heavily depends on the capability to identify and remove outliers and correct the biases stemming from tides and wave runup. However, we show that only correcting the SDW data for outliers is sufficient to accurately measure shoreline change trends along the CRLC. Ultimately, the SDS change trends show strong agreement with in situ data, facilitating the spatiotemporal analysis of coastal change and highlighting an overall accretion signal along the CRLC during the past four decades.
Chaco Culture National Historical Park (CCNHP), located in northwestern New Mexico, protects the greatest concentration of Chacoan historical sites in the American Southwest. Geologically, CCNHP is located within the San Juan structural basin, which consists in part of complex Cretaceous stratigraphy and hosts a variety of energy resources. As part of a larger study to investigate the vulnerability of water resources at CCNHP related to oil and natural gas extraction activities, a MODFLOW groundwater model of the Mancos Shale and Gallup Sandstone units was created by the U.S. Geological Survey, as a part of a cooperative study with the National Park Service, to assess advective groundwater flow paths and traveltimes. The model determined that groundwater flow directions currently trend from south-southeast to north-northwest within the vicinity of CCNHP, groundwater traveltime through the Gallup Sandstone ranges from thousands to tens of thousands of years, and traveltime through the Mancos Shale may range from millions to tens of millions of years. The capture zone of the main CCNHP well (referred to as the “Chaco well”) extends to the south-southeast and ranges in width from approximately 1 to 12 miles, depending on pumping rate. Eighteen inactive hydrocarbon related wells are located within the capture zone and within 10 kilometers of the Chaco well. Given model estimates of traveltimes of groundwater in the Gallup Sandstone aquifer, advective groundwater transport to the Chaco well would take approximately 430 years from the nearest inactive hydrocarbon related wells. Differencing of historical and modern-day potentiometric surfaces of the Gallup Sandstone indicate a drop in groundwater levels between 34 and 96 feet within the CCNHP boundaries. Hydraulic fracturing, simulated as increased hydraulic conductivity zones, decreased groundwater traveltimes (from millions to thousands of years) and acted as permeable pathways from the Mancos Shale to the Gallup Sandstone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235097","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Shephard, Z.M., Ritchie, A., Linhoff, B.S., and Lunzer, J.J., 2023, Groundwater flow model investigation of the vulnerability of water resources at Chaco Culture National Historical Park related to unconventional oil and gas development: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5097, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235097.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 39 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-138645","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501063,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115655.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":422266,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5097/sir20235097.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2023-5097 XML"},{"id":422264,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5097/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":422268,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98LTTER","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-2005 and MODPATH models in support of groundwater flow model investigation of water resources at Chaco Culture National Historical Park: U.S. Geological Survey data release"},{"id":422267,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235097/full","description":"SIR 2023-5097 HTML"},{"id":422265,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5097/sir20235097.pdf","size":"3.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5097 pdf"},{"id":422263,"rank":1,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5097/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Chaco Culture National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.11403857536405,\n 36.95597564044496\n ],\n [\n -109.61728071597331,\n 36.95597564044496\n ],\n [\n -109.61728071597331,\n 34.720533250530835\n ],\n [\n -106.11403857536405,\n 34.720533250530835\n ],\n [\n -106.11403857536405,\n 36.95597564044496\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
The Carson River including Lahontan Reservoir in Northwestern Nevada, USA
The discovery, mining, and processing of silver and gold from the Comstock Lode in northwestern Nevada heavily contaminated the Carson River system with mercury (Hg). The river now contains some of the highest recorded water column and bed sediment Hg concentrations reported in peer-reviewed literature. Acute Hg contamination in river and reservoir bed sediment has led to elevated methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations across all trophic levels of Lahontan Reservoir, culminating in significant health risks to humans. Lahontan Reservoir, located downstream from the mills that processed Comstock ore, has served as a Hg trap since the completion of the dam in 1915. Starting in 1997 and extending through 2021, the U.S. Geological Survey has collected and analyzed hundreds of discrete water samples entering and exiting Lahontan Reservoir for unfiltered total Hg (uf.THg), thereby providing a first-of-its-kind opportunity for studying long-term Hg trapping efficiencies within a western North American reservoir. Continuous time series of uf.THg concentration and flux above and below the reservoir were estimated using the weighted regressions on time, discharge, and season with the Kalman filtering (WRTDS-K) method employed with newly developed methods to account for non-natural (i.e., managed) hydrographs below a reservoir.
An estimated 31,650 kg (34.89 US tons) of uf.THg entered Lahontan Reservoir during the 25 year period of analysis, accounting for approximately 0.5% of the total uf.THg estimated to have been released to the Carson River system [6.8 million kg (7500 US tons)] over a multi-decade mining boom. Moreover, approximately 92% of the estimated uf.THg entering Lahontan Reservoir was trapped. On an annual basis, however, trapping efficiencies range between 34% and 98%, and are closely related to the total annual discharge. Results also indicate that flow-normalized uf.THg concentrations and loads above and below the reservoir are trending down.
Management of row crops can greatly influence wildlife populations in an agriculturally intensive landscape. Many upland gamebird populations, including Phasianus colchicus L. (Ringnecked Pheasant; hereafter pheasant) are experiencing contemporary population declines in such landscapes throughout the Midwest United States. Reduced availability of quality brood habitat may be a factor in these declines. Alternative practices, such as spring cover crops, may increase brood survival and benefit local pheasant populations. Our objectives were to follow radio-tagged females and assess pheasant brood 1) movements among available habitat patches within landscapes including spring cover crops and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields, 2) relative use of available cover types within a landscape, 3) selection of vegetation structure, vegetation composition, and invertebrate community structure by brood-rearing hens in landscapes dominated by row-crop agriculture, and 4) survival rates. Broods were found primarily in grassy areas (native grass, pasture, train track right-of-way, and grass strips) and spring cover crop fields even though cover crops were the least common cover type in all study areas. Brood movements were limited with broods staying near nest locations for 30 days after hatch. Though movements were small, broods were found in multiple cover types, averaging 2.8 out of 6 available cover types. There was no difference between used and random locations for invertebrate metrics including total counts, biomass, and richness; order-specific biomass; and order-specific counts. Visual obstruction and vegetation composition were similar between used and random locations. Across our study sites, we found little support for point-site selection (i.e., within-patch 4th order selection) but significant support for patch-site selection by female pheasants attending broods. Spring cover crops (<5%) and CRP (<15%) comprised a small percentage of the landscape area, but were selected by females attending broods as each contained approximately 25% of brood locations. Apparent survival of pheasant broods was low compared to other studies. Female pheasants selected for spring cover crops and CRP when attending broods, both are alternatives to current row-crop farming practices. As pheasants continue to respond to changes in western Kansas landscapes, homogeneity of cover types found in agricultural landscapes can be detrimental if practices continue to shift from quality pheasant habitat but can be advantageous if practices shift towards favorable management practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Publications","usgsCitation":"Godar, A., Piernicky, A., Haukos, D.A., and Prendergast, J., 2023, Ring-necked Pheasant brood habitat selection and movements in an intensive agricultural landscape: Prairie Naturalist, v. 55, p. 107-123.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"123","ipdsId":"IP-150113","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":431856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.eaglehill.us/prnaonline/access-pages/PRNA-55/022-Haukos-accesspage.shtml","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Graham County, Norton County, Rooks county, Russell County","otherGeospatial":"High Plains, Smoky Hills","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-99.6054,39.1329],[-99.7027,39.1329],[-99.7157,39.1323],[-99.8142,39.1322],[-99.8279,39.132],[-99.9251,39.1323],[-99.9388,39.1326],[-100.0355,39.1324],[-100.0521,39.1326],[-100.1488,39.1318],[-100.1642,39.1321],[-100.1638,39.2187],[-100.1635,39.3062],[-100.1637,39.3927],[-100.1639,39.4793],[-100.1635,39.5673],[-100.1814,39.5675],[-100.181,39.6541],[-100.1807,39.7407],[-100.1797,39.8287],[-100.1793,39.9144],[-100.1784,40.0028],[-99.9956,40.0029],[-99.6276,40.0028],[-99.626,40.0028],[-99.6264,39.9147],[-99.6269,39.8285],[-99.6273,39.7415],[-99.6283,39.6549],[-99.6282,39.5674],[-99.6019,39.5672],[-99.5142,39.5675],[-99.4885,39.5676],[-99.4026,39.5683],[-99.3776,39.5685],[-99.2898,39.5691],[-99.2666,39.5688],[-99.1782,39.5688],[-99.1562,39.5685],[-99.0673,39.5685],[-99.044,39.5686],[-99.0463,39.4811],[-99.0474,39.394],[-99.0485,39.307],[-99.0497,39.2209],[-99.049,39.1338],[-99.1255,39.1339],[-99.1576,39.1338],[-99.2578,39.1332],[-99.2703,39.1336],[-99.3693,39.1334],[-99.3812,39.1333],[-99.4803,39.133],[-99.4927,39.1325],[-99.5918,39.1325],[-99.6054,39.1329]]],[[[-98.4914,39.1328],[-98.4849,39.1332],[-98.485,38.9143],[-98.485,38.9048],[-98.485,38.8717],[-98.4868,38.6968],[-98.5906,38.6963],[-98.5976,38.6954],[-99.0334,38.697],[-99.0404,38.6969],[-99.0372,39.1334],[-98.4914,39.1328]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Graham\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","volume":"55","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godar, Alixandra","contributorId":341004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godar","given":"Alixandra","affiliations":[{"id":12661,"text":"Kansas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piernicky, Adela","contributorId":341005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piernicky","given":"Adela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12661,"text":"Kansas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prendergast, Jeff","contributorId":341006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prendergast","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81167,"text":"Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}