{"pageNumber":"223","pageRowStart":"5550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11364,"records":[{"id":25002,"text":"pp1574 - 1997 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180420,"text":"70180420 - 1997 - Kinderhookian (Lower Mississippian) calcareous rocks of the Howard Pass quadrangle, western Brooks Range: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995</i>","indexId":"70180420","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Kinderhookian (Lower Mississippian) calcareous rocks of the Howard Pass quadrangle, western Brooks Range: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":25002,"text":"pp1574 - 1997 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995","indexId":"pp1574","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:13:57","indexId":"pp1574","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1574","title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995","docAbstract":"<p>This collection of 20 papers continues the annual series of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reports on geologic investigations in Alaska1 . Contributions cover a broad spectrum of earth science topics and report results from all parts of the State (fig. 1).</p>\n<p>USGS activities in Alaska include studies of environment and climate, hazards, resources, and geologic framework. Five papers in this volume discuss aspects of environment and climate. Environmental geochemistry of parts of southwestern and south-central Alaska is the focus of four articles; a fifth study, of emergent postglacial lake shorelines in southwestern Alaska, contributes to ongoing investigations of paleoclimate. Two papers address geologic hazards. The first assesses ground deformation in Katmai National Park at Novarupta dome, site of the largest volcanic eruption in this century, and the second evaluates earthquake risks related to the \"Twin Peak fault\" near Anchorage. Resources, including metallic minerals in northern, southwestern, and southeastern Alaska and coal in south-central Alaska, are discussed in four articles. 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,{"id":22163,"text":"ofr96513B - 1997 - Significant metalliferous and selected non-metalliferous lode deposits and placer districts for the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-23T19:41:31.637146","indexId":"ofr96513B","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-513","chapter":"B","title":"Significant metalliferous and selected non-metalliferous lode deposits and placer districts for the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96513B","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., 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V.","contributorId":18802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ognyanov","given":"Nikolai","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Petrachenko, Eugene D.","contributorId":50557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrachenko","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Petrachenko, Rimma I.","contributorId":67119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrachenko","given":"Rimma","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Pozdeev, Anany I.","contributorId":10454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pozdeev","given":"Anany","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Ross, Katherina V.","contributorId":67120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Katherina","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wood, Douglas H.","contributorId":44579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Grybeck, Donald","contributorId":8066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grybeck","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Khanchuk, Alexander I.","contributorId":19585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanchuk","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Kovbas, Lidiya I.","contributorId":106527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovbas","given":"Lidiya","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Nekrasov, Ivan Ya.","contributorId":87172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nekrasov","given":"Ivan","email":"","middleInitial":"Ya.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Sidorov, Anatoly A.","contributorId":36589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidorov","given":"Anatoly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24}]}}
,{"id":21899,"text":"ofr97127 - 1997 - Investigations of gas seeps and springs in the vicinity of the gas rocks, south shore Becharof Lake, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:58","indexId":"ofr97127","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-127","title":"Investigations of gas seeps and springs in the vicinity of the gas rocks, south shore Becharof Lake, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97127","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Symonds, R., Ritchie, B., McGimsey, R.G., Ort, M., Poreda, R., Evans, W.C., and Janik, C.J., 1997, Investigations of gas seeps and springs in the vicinity of the gas rocks, south shore Becharof Lake, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-127, ii, 27 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97127.","productDescription":"ii, 27 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0127/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51386,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0127/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symonds, R.B.","contributorId":31011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symonds","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ritchie, B.E.","contributorId":83153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGimsey, R. G.","contributorId":93921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ort, M.H.","contributorId":25957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ort","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poreda, R.J.","contributorId":97138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":23533,"text":"ofr9732 - 1997 - Alaska resource data file: Sleetmute quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-02T17:30:18.311195","indexId":"ofr9732","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-32","title":"Alaska resource data file: Sleetmute quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9732","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Keith, W.J., and Miller, M., 1997, Alaska resource data file: Sleetmute quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-32, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9732.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156079,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0032/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1610,"rank":2,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388922,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37192.htm"},{"id":52821,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0032/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Sleetmute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -159,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              61\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee921","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keith, W. J.","contributorId":41827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"W.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":89523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":190275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23001,"text":"ofr9726 - 1997 - Offshore geologic framework and sedimentology of the Gulf of Alaska; selected bibliography of U.S. Geological Survey Studies (1970-Present)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr9726","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-26","title":"Offshore geologic framework and sedimentology of the Gulf of Alaska; selected bibliography of U.S. Geological Survey Studies (1970-Present)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9726","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Evans, K.R., 1997, Offshore geologic framework and sedimentology of the Gulf of Alaska; selected bibliography of U.S. Geological Survey Studies (1970-Present): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-26, 15 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9726.","productDescription":"15 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0026/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52390,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691f70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, Kevin R.","contributorId":35724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29351,"text":"wri964296 - 1997 - Hydrologic conditions and hazards in the Kennicott River Basin, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T21:37:47.705135","indexId":"wri964296","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4296","title":"Hydrologic conditions and hazards in the Kennicott River Basin, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"McCarthy, Alaska, is on the Kennicott River, about 1 mile from the terminus of Kennicott Glacier in the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. Most visitors to McCarthy and the park cross the West Fork Kennicott River using a hand-pulled tram and cross the East Fork Kennicott River on a temporary footbridge. Outburst floods from glacier-dammed lakes result in channel erosion, aggradation, and migration of the Kennicott River, which disrupt transportation links, destroy property, and threaten life. Hidden Creek Lake, the largest of six glacier-dammed lakes in the Kennicott River Basin, has annual outbursts that cause the largest floods on the Kennicott River. Outbursts from Hidden Creek Lake occur from early fall to mid-summer, and lake levels at the onset of the outbursts have declined between 1909 and 1995. Criteria for impending outbursts for Hidden Creek Lake include lake stage near or above 3,000 to 3,020 feet, stationary or declining lake stage, evidence of recent calving of large ice blocks from the ice margin, slush ice and small icebergs stranded on the lakeshore, and fresh fractures in the ice-margin region. \r\n\r\nThe lower Kennicott Glacier has thinned and retreated since about 1860. The East and West Fork Kennicott River channels migrated in response to changes in the lower Kennicott Glacier. The largest channel changes occur during outburst floods from Hidden Creek Lake, whereas channel changes from the other glacier-dammed lake outbursts are small. Each year, the West Fork Kennicott River conveys a larger percentage of the Kennicott Glacier drainage than it did the previous year.\r\n\r\nOutburst floods on the Kennicott River cause the river stage to rise over a period of several hours. Smaller spike peaks have a very rapid stage rise. Potential flood magnitude was estimated by combining known maximum discharges from Hidden Creek Lake and Lake Erie outburst floods with a theoretical large regional flood. Flood hazard areas at the transportation corridor were delineated, and possible future geomorphological changes were hypothesized.\r\nMcCarthy, Alaska, is on the Kennicott River, about 1 mile from the terminus of Kennicott Glacier in the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. Most visitors to McCarthy and the park cross the West Fork Kennicott River using a hand-pulled tram and cross the East Fork Kennicott River on a temporary footbridge. Outburst floods from glacier-dammed lakes result in channel erosion, aggradation, and migration of the Kennicott River, which disrupt transportation links, destroy property, and threaten life. Hidden Creek Lake, the largest of six glacier-dammed lakes in the Kennicott River Basin, has annual outbursts that cause the largest floods on the Kennicott River. Outbursts from Hidden Creek Lake occur from early fall to mid-summer, and lake levels at the onset of the outbursts have declined between 1909 and 1995. Criteria for impending outbursts for Hidden Creek Lake include lake stage near or above 3,000 to 3,020 feet, stationary or declining lake stage, evidence of recent calving of large ice blocks from the ice margin, slush ice and small icebergs stranded on the lakeshore, and fresh fractures in the ice-margin region. \r\n\r\nThe lower Kennicott Glacier has thinned and retreated since about 1860. The East and West Fork Kennicott River channels migrated in response to changes in the lower Kennicott Glacier. The largest channel changes occur during outburst floods from Hidden Creek Lake, whereas channel changes from the other glacier-dammed lake outbursts are small. Each year, the West Fork Kennicott River conveys a larger percentage of the Kennicott Glacier drainage than it did the previous year.\r\n\r\nOutburst floods on the Kennicott River cause the river stage to rise over a period of several hours. Smaller spike peaks have a very rapid stage rise. Potential flood magnitude was estimated by combining known maximum discharges from Hidden Creek Lake and Lake Erie outburst floods with","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964296","usgsCitation":"Rickman, R.L., and Rosenkrans, D., 1997, Hydrologic conditions and hazards in the Kennicott River Basin, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4296, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964296.","productDescription":"96 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394284,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48618.htm"},{"id":58203,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4296/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4296/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kennicott River Basin, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -143.25,\n              61.3833\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.7833,\n              61.3833\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.7833,\n              61.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.25,\n              61.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.25,\n              61.3833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ef1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rickman, R. L.","contributorId":24803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenkrans, D. S.","contributorId":53795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenkrans","given":"D. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5605,"text":"fs07197 - 1997 - How Does Climate Change Influence Alaska's Vegetation?:  Insights from the Fossil Record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T16:01:11","indexId":"fs07197","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"071-97","title":"How Does Climate Change Influence Alaska's Vegetation?:  Insights from the Fossil Record","docAbstract":"<p><span>Plant fossils, such as leaves, wood, cones, pollen, and seeds, provide important evidence of how Alaska's vegetation has responded to climate changes over time periods of centuries to millions of years. Long-term trends of global temperatures have been reconstructed from oxygen isotope measurements of microscopic fossils (foraminifera) in the Pacific Ocean </span><strong>(fig. 1)</strong><span>. This temperature curve can be used to compare the major changes in Alaskan vegetation with global climate changes spanning the past 20 million years.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs07197","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, How Does Climate Change Influence Alaska's Vegetation?:  Insights from the Fossil Record: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 071-97, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07197.","productDescription":"1 sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":32116,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0071-97/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0071/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bd9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22547,"text":"ofr96630 - 1997 - Regional streamflow information in Alaska; an investment in the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:04","indexId":"ofr96630","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-630","title":"Regional streamflow information in Alaska; an investment in the future","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96630","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., 1997, Regional streamflow information in Alaska; an investment in the future: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-630, 2 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 x 22 cm. folded to 9 x 22 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96630.","productDescription":"2 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 x 22 cm. folded to 9 x 22 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0630/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52040,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0630/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634e09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, T. P.","contributorId":103289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019697,"text":"70019697 - 1997 - Testing for handling bias in survival estimation for black brant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-06T16:52:52.071879","indexId":"70019697","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing for handling bias in survival estimation for black brant","docAbstract":"<p>We used an ultrastructure approach in program SURVIV to test for, and remove, bias in survival estimates for the year following mass banding of female black brant (<i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i>). We used relative banding-drive size as the independent variable to control for handling effects in our ultrastructure models, which took the form: S = S<sub>0</sub>(1 - <span>α</span>D), where <span>α</span> was handling effect and D was the ratio of banding-drive size to the largest banding drive. Brant were divided into 3 classes: goslings, initial captures, and recaptures, based on their state at the time of banding, because we anticipated the potential for heterogeneity in model parameters among classes of brant. Among models examined, for which <span>α</span> was not constrained, a model with <span>α</span> constant across classes of brant and years, constant survival rates among years for initially captured brant but year-specific survival rates for goslings and recaptures, and year- and class-specific detection probabilities had the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Handling effect, <span>α</span>, was -0.47 <span>±</span> 0.13 SE, -0.14 <span>±</span> 0.057, and -0.12 <span>±</span> 0.049 for goslings, initially released adults, and recaptured adults. Gosling annual survival in the first year ranged from 0.738 <span>±</span> 0.072 for the 1986 cohort to 0.260 <span>±</span> 0.025 for the 1991 cohort. Inclusion of winter observations increased estimates of first-year survival rates by an average of 30%, suggesting that permanent emigration had an important influence on apparent survival, especially for later cohorts. We estimated annual survival for initially captured brant as 0.782 <span>±</span> 0.013, while that for recaptures varied from 0.726 <span>±</span> 0.034 to 0.900 <span>±</span> 0.062. Our analyses failed to detect a negative effect of handling on survival of brant, which is consistent with an hypothesis of substantial inherent heterogeneity in post-fledging survival rates, such that individuals most likely to die as a result of handling also have lower inherent survival probabilities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802185","usgsCitation":"Sedinger, J.S., Lindberg, M., Rexstad, E.A., Chelgren, N., and Ward, D.H., 1997, Testing for handling bias in survival estimation for black brant: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 3, p. 782-791, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802185.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"782","endPage":"791","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227971,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, 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A.","contributorId":55701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rexstad","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chelgren, Nathan 0000-0003-0944-9165 nchelgren@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-9165","contributorId":3134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelgren","given":"Nathan","email":"nchelgren@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 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,{"id":1012970,"text":"1012970 - 1997 - Estimating age of sea otters with cementum layers in the first premolar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-06T15:59:36.790806","indexId":"1012970","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating age of sea otters with cementum layers in the first premolar","docAbstract":"<p>We assessed sources of variation in the use of tooth cementum layers to determine age by comparing counts in premolar tooth sections to known ages of 20 sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>). Three readers examined each sample 3 times, and the 3 readings of each sample were averaged by reader to provide the mean estimated age. The mean (SE) of known age sample was 5.2 years (1.0) and the 3 mean estimated ages were 7.0 (1.0), 5.9 (1.1) and, 4.4 (0.8). The proportion of estimates accurate to within <span>±</span> 1 year were 0.25, 0.55, and 0.65 and to within <span>±</span> 2 years 0.65, 0.80, and 0.70, by reader. The proportions of samples estimated with &gt;3 years error were 0.20, 0.10, and 0.05. Errors as large as 7, 6, and 5 years were made among readers. In few instances did all readers uniformly provide either accurate (error &lt;1 yr) or inaccurate (error &gt;1 yr) counts. In most cases (0.85), 1 or 2 of the readers provided accurate counts. Coefficients of determination (R2) between known ages and mean estimated ages were 0.81, 0.87, and 0.87, by reader. The results of this study suggest that cementum layers within sea otter premolar teeth likely are deposited annually and can be used for age estimation. However, criteria used in interpreting layers apparently varied by reader, occasionally resulting in large errors, which were not consistent among readers. While large errors were evident for some individual otters, there were no differences between the known and estimated age-class distribution generated by each reader. Until accuracy can be improved, application of this ageing technique should be limited to sample sizes of at least 6-7 individuals within age classes of <span>≥</span>1 year.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802207","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Ames, J.A., Jameson, R.J., Johnson, A.M., and Matson, G., 1997, Estimating age of sea otters with cementum layers in the first premolar: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 3, p. 967-973, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802207.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"967","endPage":"973","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128474,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, 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Ronald J.","contributorId":17938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Ancel M.","contributorId":91543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ancel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matson, Gary M.","contributorId":347589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"Gary M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1007858,"text":"1007858 - 1997 - Estimating age of sea otters with cementum layers in the first premolar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-30T17:50:13.222988","indexId":"1007858","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating age of sea otters with cementum layers in the first premolar","docAbstract":"<p>We assessed sources of variation in the use of tooth cementum layers to determine age by comparing counts in premolar tooth sections to known ages of 20 sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>). Three readers examined each sample 3 times, and the 3 readings of each sample were averaged by reader to provide the mean estimated age. The mean (SE) of the known age sample was 5.2 years (1.0) and the 3 mean estimated ages were 7.0 (1.0), 5.9 (1.1) and, 4.4 (0.8). The proportions of estimates accurate to within <span>± </span>1 year were 0.25, 0.55, and 0.65 and to within <span>± </span>2 years 0.65, 0.80, and 0.70, by reader. The proportions of samples estimated with &gt;3 years error were 0.20, 0.10, and 0.05. Errors as large as 7, 6, and 5 years were made among readers. In few instances did all readers uniformly provide either accurate (error &lt;1 yr) or inaccurate (error &gt;1 yr) counts. In most cases (0.85), 1 or 2 of the readers provided accurate counts. Coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) between known ages and mean estimated ages were 0.81, 0.87, and 0.87, by reader. The results of this study suggest that cementum layers within sea otter premolar teeth likely are deposited annually and can be used for age estimation. However, criteria used in interpreting layers apparently varied by reader, occasionally resulting in large errors, which were not consistent among readers. While large errors were evident for some individual otters, there were no differences between the known and estimated age-class distributions generated by each reader. Until accuracy can be improved, application of this ageing technique should be limited to sample sizes of at least 6-7 individuals within age classes of <span>≥1</span>&nbsp;year</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802207","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Ames, J.A., Jameson, R.J., Johnson, A.M., and Matson, G., 1997, Estimating age of sea otters with cementum layers in the first premolar: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 3, p. 967-973, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802207.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"967","endPage":"973","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130268,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, 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Ronald J.","contributorId":17938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Ancel M.","contributorId":91543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ancel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":316157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matson, Gary M.","contributorId":347589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"Gary M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":922024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":21746,"text":"ofr96711 - 1997 - Digital release of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, soil, water, and rock geochemical data collected in the Howard Pass 1 degree by 3 degrees quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:45","indexId":"ofr96711","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-711","title":"Digital release of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, soil, water, and rock geochemical data collected in the Howard Pass 1 degree by 3 degrees quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr96711","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K., Bailey, E., Briggs, P., Motooka, J.M., and Meier, A.L., 1997, Digital release of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, soil, water, and rock geochemical data collected in the Howard Pass 1 degree by 3 degrees quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-711, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96711.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112018,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/12185","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a8c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, E. A.","contributorId":100399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":107691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Motooka, J. M.","contributorId":8834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"J.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70200974,"text":"70200974 - 1997 - Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives; Fiscal Year 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T13:27:46","indexId":"70200974","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-30T14:30:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":345,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"displayTitle":"Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives; Fiscal Year 1997","title":"Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives; Fiscal Year 1997","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1><p>This report primarily describes activities during Federal fiscal year (FY) 1997. During FY 1997, the USGS engaged in cooperative research projects, data collection, informal outreach, and work done under Memoranda of Understanding that related to American Indians or Alaska Natives. Some work was technical and/or research-oriented. Other work was educational. As much as possible, activities are listed from east to west and from north to south.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70200974","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives; Fiscal Year 1997: Annual Report, https://doi.org/10.3133/70200974.","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359625,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/amerind/1997report/otr1997-report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OTR 1997"},{"id":359624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/amerind/1997report/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p>National Tribal Liaison<br><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/about/organization/science-support/office-tribal-relations\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/about/organization/science-support/office-tribal-relations\">Office of Tribal Relations</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>Mail Stop 911<br>Reston, VA 20192</p>","tableOfContents":"<p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c0108dae4b0815414cc2e1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":202815,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":751887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3939,"text":"cir1132 - 1997 - A strategy for monitoring glaciers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T11:22:51","indexId":"cir1132","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1132","title":"A strategy for monitoring glaciers","docAbstract":"<p>Glaciers are important features in the hydrologic cycle and affect the volume, variability, and water quality of runoff. Assessing and predicting the effect of glaciers on water resources require a monitoring program to provide basic data for this understanding. The monitoring program of the U.S. Geological Survey employs a nested approach whereby an intensively studied glacier is surrounded by less intensively studied glaciers and those monitored solely by remote sensing. Ideally, each glacierized region of the United States would have such a network of glaciers. The intensively studied glacier provides a detailed understanding of the physical processes and their temporal changes that control the mass exchange of the glaciers in that region. The less intensively studied glaciers are used to assess the variability of such processes within the region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir1132","usgsCitation":"Fountain, A.G., Krimmel, R.M., and Trabant, D.C., 1997, A strategy for monitoring glaciers: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1132, iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1132.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122520,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1997/1132/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31024,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1997/1132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":1007986,"text":"1007986 - 1997 - Sea otter mortality from the Exxon Valdez spill: Evaluation of an estimate from boat-based surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-27T17:47:45.339131","indexId":"1007986","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea otter mortality from the Exxon Valdez spill: Evaluation of an estimate from boat-based surveys","docAbstract":"<p>The Exxon Valadez oil spill killed large numbers of sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, where the spill originated, as well as within the oil’s path along the coasts of the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak Island. Sea otters attracted particular attention after the spill due to their public appeal (Batten 1990) and known vulnerability to oil (Costa and Kooyman 1982, Siniff et al. 1982, Davis et al. 1988, Williams et al. 1988). Extensive efforts were made to rescue and rehabilitate oiled otters at a resulting cost of ca. $80,000 per animal (Estes 1991). The argument that otters lost in the spill should be similarly valued made the estimate of mortality a matter of substantial concern to those involved in spill-related litigation or out-of-court settlements.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1997.tb00640.x","usgsCitation":"Garshelis, D.L., and Estes, J.A., 1997, Sea otter mortality from the Exxon Valdez spill: Evaluation of an estimate from boat-based surveys: Marine Mammal Science, v. 13, no. 2, p. 341-351, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1997.tb00640.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"341","endPage":"351","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130230,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai Peninsula, Kodiak Island, Prince William 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,{"id":70074660,"text":"70074660 - 1997 - Geologic map of the Tanana B-1 Quadrangle, central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-31T13:11:06","indexId":"70074660","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T13:05:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"97-15A","title":"Geologic map of the Tanana B-1 Quadrangle, central Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","usgsCitation":"Reifenstuh, R.R., Dover, J.H., Newberry, R.J., Calutice, K.H., Liss, S.A., Blodgett, R., Budtzen, T.K., and Weber, F.R., 1997, Geologic map of the Tanana B-1 Quadrangle, central Alaska, Report: ii, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 41.73 x 33.83 inches.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 41.73 x 33.83 inches","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"63360","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection","datum":"1927 North American Datum","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tanana B-1 Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150.5,85.25 ], [ -150.5,85.5 ], [ -150.0,85.5 ], [ -150.0,85.25 ], [ -150.5,85.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5d23e4b0b290850faea8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reifenstuh, Rocky R.","contributorId":74294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reifenstuh","given":"Rocky","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dover, James H.","contributorId":43382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dover","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newberry, Rainer J.","contributorId":68645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newberry","given":"Rainer","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calutice, Karen H.","contributorId":42867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calutice","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liss, Shirley A.","contributorId":90206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liss","given":"Shirley","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blodgett, Robert B.","contributorId":89612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Budtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budtzen","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Weber, Florence R.","contributorId":17621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Florence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70074659,"text":"70074659 - 1997 - Interpretive geologic bedrock map of the Tanana B-1 Quadrangle, Central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-31T11:43:21","indexId":"70074659","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"97-15B","title":"Interpretive geologic bedrock map of the Tanana B-1 Quadrangle, Central Alaska","docAbstract":"This report provides detailed (1:63,360-scale) mapping of the Tanana B-1 Quadrangle (250 square miles; equivalent to four 7.5 minute quadrangles). The area is part of the Manley Hot Springs-Tofty mining districts and adjacent to the Rampart mining district to the north of the Tanana A-1 and A-2 Quadrangles. This report includes detailed bedrock, structural, stratigraphic, and geochronologic data. Based on the resulting geologic maps, field investigations, and laboratory materials analyses, the project has also generated derivative maps of geologic construction materials and geologic hazards.","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","usgsCitation":"Reifenstuh, R.R., Dover, J.H., Newberry, R.J., Calutice, K.H., Liss, S.A., Blodgett, R., Budtzen, T.K., and Weber, F.R., 1997, Interpretive geologic bedrock map of the Tanana B-1 Quadrangle, Central Alaska, Report: ii, 15 p.; 1 Plate: 39.00 x 34.44 inches.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 15 p.; 1 Plate: 39.00 x 34.44 inches","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"63360","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection","datum":"1927 North American Datum","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tanana B-1 Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150.5,85.25 ], [ -150.5,85.5 ], [ -150.0,85.5 ], [ -150.0,85.25 ], [ -150.5,85.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd62ede4b0b290850fe7d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reifenstuh, Rocky R.","contributorId":74294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reifenstuh","given":"Rocky","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dover, James H.","contributorId":43382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dover","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newberry, Rainer J.","contributorId":68645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newberry","given":"Rainer","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calutice, Karen H.","contributorId":42867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calutice","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liss, Shirley A.","contributorId":90206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liss","given":"Shirley","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blodgett, Robert B.","contributorId":89612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Budtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budtzen","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Weber, Florence R.","contributorId":17621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Florence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":96778,"text":"96778 - 1997 - Tracking white-fronted geese from Bristol Bay, Alaska, to Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-12T13:52:11","indexId":"96778","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T02:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1157,"text":"California Waterfowl","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking white-fronted geese from Bristol Bay, Alaska, to Mexico","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"California Waterfowl","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"California Waterfowl Association","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J.Y., and Ely, C.R., 1997, Tracking white-fronted geese from Bristol Bay, Alaska, to Mexico: California Waterfowl, p. 36-37.","productDescription":"p. 36-37","startPage":"36","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"October/November 1997","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db62718d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":300256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019589,"text":"70019589 - 1997 - Soluble trace elements and total mercury in Arctic Alaskan snow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-14T14:56:28.6","indexId":"70019589","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soluble trace elements and total mercury in Arctic Alaskan snow","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ultraclean field and laboratory procedures were used to examine trace element concentrations in northern Alaskan snow. Sixteen soluble trace elements and total mercury were determined in snow core samples representing the annual snowfall deposited during the 1993-94 season at two sites in the Prudhoe Bay oil field and nine sites in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Arctic NWR). Results indicate there were two distinct point sources for trace elements in the Prudhoe Bay oil field- a source associated with oil and gas production and a source associated with municipal solid-waste incineration. Soluble trace element concentrations measured in snow from the Arctic NWR resembled concentrations of trace elements measured elsewhere in the Arctic using clean sample-collection and processing techniques and were consistent with deposition resulting from widespread arctic atmospheric contamination. With the exception of elements associated with sea salts, there were no orographic or east-west trends observed in the Arctic NWR data, nor were there any detectable influences from the Prudhoe Bay oil field, probably because of the predominant easterly and northeasterly winds on the North Slope of Alaska. However, regression analysis on latitude suggested significant south-to-north increases in selected trace element concentrations, many of which appear unrelated to the sea salt contribution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic1102","usgsCitation":"Snyder-Conn, E., Garbarino, J.R., Hoffman, G.L., and Oelkers, A., 1997, Soluble trace elements and total mercury in Arctic Alaskan snow: Arctic, v. 50, no. 3, p. 201-215, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1102.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"215","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479955,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1102","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.00780315828374,\n              71.06255434580251\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.00780315828374,\n              68.45974566234574\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.87836627646902,\n              68.45974566234574\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.87836627646902,\n              71.06255434580251\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.00780315828374,\n              71.06255434580251\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b924de4b08c986b319e19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder-Conn, E.","contributorId":7026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder-Conn","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garbarino, John R. jrgarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"John","email":"jrgarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, Gerald L.","contributorId":89172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oelkers, A.","contributorId":17000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oelkers","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180926,"text":"70180926 - 1997 - Ephemeral lekking behavior in the buff-breasted sandpiper, <i>Tryngites subruficollis</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T11:29:33","indexId":"70180926","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ephemeral lekking behavior in the buff-breasted sandpiper, <i>Tryngites subruficollis</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied male reproductive behavior of the buff-breasted sandpiper </span><i>Tryngites subruficoills</i><span> for three yean on a 16-km</span><sup>2</sup><span> study site in northern Alaska to document variation in male lekking behavior and to explore the causes of that variation. During the breeding season, about 75% of males on the study area displayed on leks, with the remainder displaying solitarily. Leks averaged between 2.3 and 3.0 males each (maximum size = 20). Most leks (69%) were present in only one year and about one-tenth were active all three years. Half of the leks were active for only one survey (maximum of 3-4 days) in a given year. Individual male behavior varied substantially, from remaining at a tingle lek for most of the breeding season or attending multiple leks during the season, to displaying solitarily or displaying both on leks and solitarily. Some males (30% or fewer) displayed near nests during the later part of the breeding season, perhaps attempting to copulate with females during egg-laying. The pro-portion of males that displayed on leks remained consistently high throughout the breeding season despite changes in the operational sex ratio and in the intensity of male-male competition. However, the absolute number of males (lekking and solitary) in the study area was positively correlated with the number of fertile females during both breeding seasons. We suggest that buff-breasted sandpipers may be unusual among lek-breeding birds in that males have the option of leaving areas when the number of fertile females becomes depressed and flying to new areas where breeding opportunities are still available. Breeding opportunities may be especially variable in the high arctic because of uneven snow accumulation and differential melt-off that can delay breeding by two or more weeks. This interpretation suggests that the mating system of the buff-breasted sandpiper must be viewed at a much larger scale than what has typically been used in mating system studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/beheco/8.3.268","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., and Weatherhead, P.J., 1997, Ephemeral lekking behavior in the buff-breasted sandpiper, <i>Tryngites subruficollis</i>: Behavioral Ecology, v. 8, no. 3, p. 268-278, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/8.3.268.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"268","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Coastal Plain, Prudhoe Bay Oil Field","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c4fe4b0efcedb74110d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weatherhead, Patrick J.","contributorId":179013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weatherhead","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16718,"text":"Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019659,"text":"70019659 - 1997 - Spatial and temporal variability of microgeographic genetic structure in white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T11:55:02","indexId":"70019659","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variability of microgeographic genetic structure in white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"<p>Techniques are described that define contiguous genetic subpopulations of white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) based on the spatial dispersion of 4,749 individuals that possessed discrete character values (alleles or genotypes) during each of 6 years (1974-1979). White-tailed deer were not uniformly distributed in space, but exhibited considerable spatial genetic structuring. Significant non-random clusters of individuals were documented during each year based on specific alleles and genotypes at the Sdh locus. Considerable temporal variation was observed in the position and genetic composition of specific clusters, which reflected changes in allele frequency in small geographic areas. The position of clusters did not consistently correspond with traditional management boundaries based on major discontinuities in habitat (swamp versus upland) and hunt compartments that were defined by roads and streams. Spatio-temporal stability of observed genetic contiguous clusters was interpreted relative to method and intensity of harvest, movements, and breeding ecology.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1382933","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., Smith, M.H., and Chesser, R.K., 1997, Spatial and temporal variability of microgeographic genetic structure in white-tailed deer: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 78, no. 3, p. 744-755, https://doi.org/10.2307/1382933.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"744","endPage":"755","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479022,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1382933","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9452e4b08c986b31a9e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Michael H.","contributorId":111664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chesser, Ronald K.","contributorId":113098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019747,"text":"70019747 - 1997 - Nesting ecology of Townsend's warblers in relation to habitat characteristics in a mature boreal forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T21:55:16.428433","indexId":"70019747","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting ecology of Townsend's warblers in relation to habitat characteristics in a mature boreal forest","docAbstract":"We investigated the nesting ecology of Townsend's Warblers (Dendroica townsendi) from 1993-1995 in an unfragmented boreal forest along the lower slopes of the Chugach Mountains in southcentral Alaska. We examined habitat characteristics of nest sites in relation to factors influencing reproductive success. Almost all territory-holding males (98%, n = 40) were successful in acquiring mates. Nest success was 54% (n = 24 nests), with nest survivorship greater during incubation (87%) than during the nestling period (62%). Most nesting failure (80%) was attributable to predation, which occurred primarily during the nestling period. Fifty-five percent of nests containing nestling were infested with the larvae of bird blow-flies (Protocalliphora braueri and P. spenceri), obligatory blood-feeding parasites. The combined effects of Protocalliphora infestation and inclement weather apparently resulted in nestling mortality in 4 of the 24 nests. Nests that escaped predation were placed in white spruce with larger diameter than those lost to predation: nests that escaped blow-fly parasitism were located higher in nest trees and in areas with lower densities of woody shrubs than those that were infested. The availability of potential nest sites with these key features may be important in determining reproductive success in Townsend's Warblers.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369933","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Matsuoka, S.M., Handel, C.M., and Roby, D.D., 1997, Nesting ecology of Townsend's warblers in relation to habitat characteristics in a mature boreal forest: Condor, v. 99, no. 2, p. 271-281, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369933.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489817,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369933","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64bee4b0c8380cd72a4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matsuoka, Steven M. 0000-0001-6415-1885 smatsuoka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-1885","contributorId":184173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuoka","given":"Steven","email":"smatsuoka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019770,"text":"70019770 - 1997 - Wind assistance: A requirement for migration of shorebirds?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T12:39:51","indexId":"70019770","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wind assistance: A requirement for migration of shorebirds?","docAbstract":"<p>We investigated the importance of wind-assisted flight for northward (spring) migration by Western Sandpipers (<i>Calidris mauri</i>) along the Pacific Coast of North America. Using current models of energy costs of flight and recent data on the phenology of migration, we estimated the energy (fat) requirements for migration in calm winds and with wind-assisted flight for different rates of fat deposition: (1) a variable rate, assuming that birds deposit the minimum amount of fat required to reach the next stopover site; (2) a constant maximum rate of 1.0 g/day; and (3) a lower constant rate of 0.4 g/day. We tested these models by comparing conservative estimates of predicted body mass along the migration route with empirical data on body mass of Western Sandpipers at different stopover sites and upon arrival at the breeding grounds. In calm conditions, birds would have to deposit unrealistically high amounts of fat (up to 330% of observed values) to maintain body mass above absolute lean mass values. Fat-deposition rates of 1.0 g/day and 0.4 g/day, in calm conditions, resulted in a steady decline in body mass along the migration route, with predicted body masses on arrival in Alaska of only 60% (13.6 g) and 26% (5.9 g) of average lean mass (22.7 g). Conversely, birds migrating with wind assistance would be able to complete migration with fat-deposition rates as low as 0.4 g/day, similar to values reported for this size bird from field studies. Our results extend the conclusion of the importance of winds for large, long-distance migrants to a small, short-distance migrant. We suggest that the migratory decisions of birds are more strongly influenced by the frequency and duration of winds aloft, i.e. by events during the flight phase, than by events during the stopover phase of migration, such as fat-deposition rate, that have been the focus of much recent migration theory.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089246","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Butler, R.W., Williams, T., Warnock, N., and Bishop, M.A., 1997, Wind assistance: A requirement for migration of shorebirds?: The Auk, v. 114, no. 3, p. 456-466, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089246.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"456","endPage":"466","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480032,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089246","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd11ee4b08c986b32f23e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, Robert W.","contributorId":67444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Tony D.","contributorId":89813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Tony D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warnock, Nils","contributorId":64534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warnock","given":"Nils","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bishop, Mary Anne","contributorId":10698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019778,"text":"70019778 - 1997 - Discrimination among populations of sockeye salmon fry with Fourier analysis of otolith banding patterns formed during incubation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T11:55:47","indexId":"70019778","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discrimination among populations of sockeye salmon fry with Fourier analysis of otolith banding patterns formed during incubation","docAbstract":"<p>We used otolith banding patterns formed during incubation to discriminate among hatchery- and wild-incubated fry of sockeye salmon <i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i> from Tustumena Lake, Alaska. Fourier analysis of otolith luminance profiles was used to describe banding patterns: the amplitudes of individual Fourier harmonics were discriminant variables. Correct classification of otoliths to either hatchery or wild origin was 83.1% (cross-validation) and 72.7% (test data) with the use of quadratic discriminant function analysts on 10 Fourier amplitudes. Overall classification rates among the six test groups (one hatchery and five wild groups) were 46.5% (cross-validation) and 39.3% (test data) with the use of linear discriminant function analysis on 16 Fourier amplitudes. Although classification rates for wild-incubated fry from any one site never exceeded 67% (cross-validation) or 60% (test data), location-specific information was evident for all groups because the probability of classifying an individual to its true incubation location was significantly greater than chance. Results indicate phenotypic differences in otolith microstructure among incubation sites separated by less than 10 km. Analysis of otolith luminance profiles is a potentially useful technique for discriminating among and between various populations of hatchery and wild fish.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0559:DAPOSS>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Finn, J.E., Burger, C.V., and Holland-Bartels, L.E., 1997, Discrimination among populations of sockeye salmon fry with Fourier analysis of otolith banding patterns formed during incubation: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 126, no. 4, p. 559-578, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0559:DAPOSS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"578","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tustumena Lake","volume":"126","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01f7e4b0c8380cd4fe08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, James E.","contributorId":11157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burger, Carl V.","contributorId":152419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burger","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland-Bartels, Leslie E. lholland-bartels@usgs.gov","contributorId":222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland-Bartels","given":"Leslie","email":"lholland-bartels@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":383882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}