{"pageNumber":"223","pageRowStart":"5550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70037248,"text":"70037248 - 2009 - A comparison of pre- and post-remediation water quality, Mineral Creek, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T09:58:33","indexId":"70037248","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of pre- and post-remediation water quality, Mineral Creek, Colorado","docAbstract":"Pre- and post-remediation data sets are used herein to assess the effectiveness of remedial measures implemented in the headwaters of the Mineral Creek watershed, where contamination from hard rock mining has led to elevated metal concentrations and acidic pH. Collection of pre- and post-remediation data sets generally followed the synoptic mass balance approach, in which numerous stream and inflow locations are sampled for the constituents of interest and estimates of streamflow are determined by tracer dilution. The comparison of pre- and post-remediation data sets is confounded by hydrologic effects and the effects of temporal variation. Hydrologic effects arise due to the relatively wet conditions that preceded the collection of pre-remediation data, and the relatively dry conditions associated with the post-remediation data set. This difference leads to a dilution effect in the upper part of the study reach, where pre-remediation concentrations were diluted by rainfall, and a source area effect in the lower part of the study reach, where a smaller portion of the watershed may have been contributing constituent mass during the drier post-remediation period. A second confounding factor, temporal variability, violates the steady-state assumption that underlies the synoptic mass balance approach, leading to false identification of constituent sources and sinks. Despite these complications, remedial actions completed in the Mineral Creek headwaters appear to have led to improvements in stream water quality, as post-remediation profiles of instream load are consistently lower than the pre-remediation profiles over the entire study reach for six of the eight constituents considered (aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc). Concentrations of aluminium, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc remain above chronic aquatic-life standards, however, and additional remedial actions may be needed. Future implementations of the synoptic mass balance approach should be preceded by an assessment of temporal variability, and modifications to the synoptic sampling protocol should be made if necessary.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7427","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R., Bencala, K., Kimball, B.A., Walton-Day, K., and Verplanck, P., 2009, A comparison of pre- and post-remediation water quality, Mineral Creek, Colorado: Hydrological Processes, v. 23, no. 23, p. 3319-3333, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7427.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3319","endPage":"3333","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217225,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7427"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Mineral Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"23","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e370e4b0c8380cd46007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walton-Day, K.","contributorId":14054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037282,"text":"70037282 - 2009 - Instrumental record of debris flow initiation during natural rainfall: Implications for modeling slope stability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T22:29:48.316269","indexId":"70037282","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instrumental record of debris flow initiation during natural rainfall: Implications for modeling slope stability","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span></span></span></span><span>The middle of a hillslope hollow in the Oregon Coast Range failed and mobilized as a debris flow during heavy rainfall in November 1996. Automated pressure transducers recorded high spatial variability of pore water pressure within the area that mobilized as a debris flow, which initiated where local upward flow from bedrock developed into overlying colluvium. Postfailure observations of the bedrock surface exposed in the debris flow scar reveal a strong spatial correspondence between elevated piezometric response and water discharging from bedrock fractures. Measurements of apparent root cohesion on the basal (</span><i>C</i><sub><i>b</i></sub><span>) and lateral (</span><i>C</i><sub><i>l</i></sub><span>) scarp demonstrate substantial local variability, with areally weighted values of&nbsp;</span><i>C</i><sub><i>b</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.1 and&nbsp;</span><i>C</i><sub><i>l</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 4.6 kPa. Using measured soil properties and basal root strength, the widely used infinite slope model, employed assuming slope parallel groundwater flow, provides a poor prediction of hydrologic conditions at failure. In contrast, a model including lateral root strength (but neglecting lateral frictional strength) gave a predicted critical value of relative soil saturation that fell within the range defined by the arithmetic and geometric mean values at the time of failure. The 3‐D slope stability model CLARA‐W, used with locally observed pore water pressure, predicted small areas with lower factors of safety within the overall slide mass at sites consistent with field observations of where the failure initiated. This highly variable and localized nature of small areas of high pore pressure that can trigger slope failure means, however, that substantial uncertainty appears inevitable for estimating hydrologic conditions within incipient debris flows under natural conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JF001078","usgsCitation":"Montgomery, D.R., Schmidt, K., Dietrich, W.E., and McKean, J., 2009, Instrumental record of debris flow initiation during natural rainfall: Implications for modeling slope stability: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 114, no. F1, F01031, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001078.","productDescription":"F01031, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jf001078","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Mettman Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.47509765625,\n              43.17313537107136\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.914794921875,\n              43.17313537107136\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.914794921875,\n              43.691707903073805\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.47509765625,\n              43.691707903073805\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.47509765625,\n              43.17313537107136\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"F1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c46e4b0c8380cd62bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery, D. R.","contributorId":41582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, K. M. 0000-0003-2365-8035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":59830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietrich, W. E.","contributorId":47538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKean, J.","contributorId":60054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKean","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034180,"text":"70034180 - 2009 - Estimating transition probabilities among everglades wetland communities using multistate models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034180","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating transition probabilities among everglades wetland communities using multistate models","docAbstract":"In this study we were able to provide the first estimates of transition probabilities of wet prairie and slough vegetative communities in Water Conservation Area 3A (WCA3A) of the Florida Everglades and to identify the hydrologic variables that determine these transitions. These estimates can be used in management models aimed at restoring proportions of wet prairie and slough habitats to historical levels in the Everglades. To determine what was driving the transitions between wet prairie and slough communities we evaluated three hypotheses: seasonality, impoundment, and wet and dry year cycles using likelihood-based multistate models to determine the main driver of wet prairie conversion in WCA3A. The most parsimonious model included the effect of wet and dry year cycles on vegetative community conversions. Several ecologists have noted wet prairie conversion in southern WCA3A but these are the first estimates of transition probabilities among these community types. In addition, to being useful for management of the Everglades we believe that our framework can be used to address management questions in other ecosystems. ?? 2009 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/09-014S.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Hotaling, A., Martin, J., and Kitchens, W., 2009, Estimating transition probabilities among everglades wetland communities using multistate models: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1224-1233, https://doi.org/10.1672/09-014S.1.","startPage":"1224","endPage":"1233","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/09-014S.1"},{"id":244486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b68e4b0c8380cd526e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hotaling, A.S.","contributorId":102297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotaling","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, J.","contributorId":18871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitchens, W.M.","contributorId":87647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037305,"text":"70037305 - 2009 - Synergistic use of optical and InSAR data for urban impervious surface mapping: A case study in Hong Kong","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T16:07:12","indexId":"70037305","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synergistic use of optical and InSAR data for urban impervious surface mapping: A case study in Hong Kong","docAbstract":"<p><span>A wide range of urban ecosystem studies, including urban hydrology, urban climate, land use planning and watershed resource management, require accurate and up‐to‐date geospatial data of urban impervious surfaces. In this study, the potential of the synergistic use of optical and InSAR data in urban impervious surface mapping at the sub‐pixel level was investigated. A case study in Hong Kong was conducted for this purpose by applying a classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm to SPOT 5 multispectral imagery and ERS‐2 SAR data. Validated by reference data derived from high‐resolution colour‐infrared (CIR) aerial photographs, our results show that the addition of InSAR feature information can improve the estimation of impervious surface percentage (ISP) in comparison with using SPOT imagery alone. The improvement is especially notable in separating urban impervious surface from the vacant land/bare ground, which has been a difficult task in ISP modelling with optical remote sensing data. In addition, the results demonstrate the potential to map urban impervious surface by using InSAR data alone. This allows frequent monitoring of world's cities located in cloud‐prone and rainy areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160802555838","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Jiang, L., Liao, M., Lin, H., and Yang, L., 2009, Synergistic use of optical and InSAR data for urban impervious surface mapping: A case study in Hong Kong: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 30, no. 11, p. 2781-2796, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160802555838.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2781","endPage":"2796","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217119,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160802555838"}],"volume":"30","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba340e4b08c986b31fc2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, L.","contributorId":107530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liao, M.","contributorId":86600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, H.","contributorId":17854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037309,"text":"70037309 - 2009 - Greenhouse gas flux from cropland and restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T11:03:42","indexId":"70037309","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Greenhouse gas flux from cropland and restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region","docAbstract":"It has been well documented that restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America do store carbon. However, the net benefit of carbon sequestration in wetlands in terms of a reduction in global warming forcing has often been questioned because of potentially greater emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). We compared gas emissions (N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>, carbon dioxide [CO<sub>2</sub>]) and soil moisture and temperature from eight cropland and eight restored grassland wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region from May to October, 2003, to better understand the atmospheric carbon mitigation potential of restored wetlands. Results show that carbon dioxide contributed the most (90%) to net-GHG flux, followed by CH<sub>4</sub> (9%) and N<sub>2</sub>O (1%). Fluxes of N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and their combined global warming potential (CO<sub>2</sub> equivalents) did not significantly differ between cropland and grassland wetlands. The seasonal pattern in flux was similar in cropland and grassland wetlands with peak emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> occurring when soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) was 40-60% and &gt;60%, respectively; negative CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes were observed when WFPS approached 40%. Negative CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes from grassland wetlands occurred earlier in the season and were more pronounced than those from cropland sites because WFPS declined more rapidly in grassland wetlands; this decline was likely due to higher infiltration and evapotranspiration rates associated with grasslands. Our results suggest that restoring cropland wetlands does not result in greater emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub>, and therefore would not offset potential soil carbon sequestration. These findings, however, are limited to a small sample of seasonal wetlands with relatively short hydroperiods. A more comprehensive assessment of the GHG mitigation potential of restored wetlands should include a diversity of wetland types and land-use practices and consider the impact of variable climatic cycles that affect wetland hydrology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.008","issn":"00380717","usgsCitation":"Gleason, R., Tangen, B., Browne, B., and Euliss, N., 2009, Greenhouse gas flux from cropland and restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 41, no. 12, p. 2501-2507, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.008.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2501","endPage":"2507","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.008"}],"volume":"41","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a6be4b0c8380cd5b168","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gleason, R.A.","contributorId":46035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tangen, B.A.","contributorId":102687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browne, B.A.","contributorId":85006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browne","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Euliss, N.H. Jr.","contributorId":54917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037312,"text":"70037312 - 2009 - Relationship between body condition of American alligators and water depth in the Everglades, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-08T14:29:07","indexId":"70037312","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship between body condition of American alligators and water depth in the Everglades, Florida","docAbstract":"Feeding opportunities of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in freshwater wetlands in south Florida are closely linked to hydrologic conditions. In the Everglades, seasonally and annually fluctuating surface water levels affect populations of aquatic organisms that alligators consume. Since prey becomes more concentrated when water depth decreases, we hypothesized an inverse relationship between body condition and water depth in the Everglades. On average, condition of adult alligators in the dry season was significantly higher than in the wet season, but this was not the case for juveniles/subadults. The correlation between body condition and measured water depth at capture locations was weak; however, there was a significant negative correlation between the condition and predicted water depth prior to capture for all animals except for spring juveniles/subadults which had a weak positive condition-water depth relationship. Overall, a relatively strong inverse correlation occurred at 10-49 days prior to the capture day, suggesting that current body condition of alligators may depend on feeding opportunities during that period. Fitted regression of body condition on water depth (mean depth of 10 days when condition-water depth correlation was greatest) resulted in a significantly negative slope, except for spring adult females and spring juveniles/subadults for which slopes were not significantly different from zero. Our results imply that water management practices may be critical for alligators in the Everglades since water depth can affect animal condition in a relatively short period of time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10750-009-9925-3","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Fujisaki, I., Rice, K.G., Pearlstine, L.G., and Mazzotti, F., 2009, Relationship between body condition of American alligators and water depth in the Everglades, Florida: Hydrobiologia, v. 635, no. 1, p. 329-338, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9925-3.","startPage":"329","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"10","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217260,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9925-3"},{"id":245191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"635","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a72be4b0e8fec6cdc3d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":31108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Kenneth G. 0000-0001-8282-1088 krice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Kenneth","email":"krice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearlstine, Leonard G.","contributorId":34751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearlstine","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":100018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":460423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033999,"text":"70033999 - 2009 - Water balance dynamics in the Nile Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T11:19:47","indexId":"70033999","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water balance dynamics in the Nile Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding the temporal and spatial dynamics of key water balance components of the Nile River will provide important information for the management of its water resources. This study used satellite-derived rainfall and other key weather variables derived from the Global Data Assimilation System to estimate and map the distribution of rainfall, actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and runoff. Daily water balance components were modelled in a grid-cell environment at 0·1 degree (∼10 km) spatial resolution for 7 years from 2001 through 2007. Annual maps of the key water balance components and derived variables such as runoff and ETa as a percent of rainfall were produced. Generally, the spatial patterns of rainfall and ETa indicate high values in the upstream watersheds (Uganda, southern Sudan, and southwestern Ethiopia) and low values in the downstream watersheds. However, runoff as a percent of rainfall is much higher in the Ethiopian highlands around the Blue Nile subwatershed. The analysis also showed the possible impact of land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands in reducing ETa magnitudes despite the availability of sufficient rainfall. Although the model estimates require field validation for the different subwatersheds, the runoff volume estimate for the Blue Nile subwatershed is within 7·0% of a figure reported from an earlier study. Further research is required for a thorough validation of the results and their integration with ecohydrologic models for better management of water and land resources in the various Nile Basin ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7364","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., Asante, K., and Artan, G.A., 2009, Water balance dynamics in the Nile Basin: Hydrological Processes, v. 23, no. 26, p. 3675-3681, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7364.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3675","endPage":"3681","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216834,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7364"}],"volume":"23","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc7c2e4b08c986b32c5f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asante, Kwabena 0000-0001-5408-1852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-1852","contributorId":65948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"Kwabena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Artan, Guleid A. 0000-0001-8409-6182 gartan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6182","contributorId":2938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"Guleid","email":"gartan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033958,"text":"70033958 - 2009 - Isotopic composition of low-latitude paleoprecipitation during the Early Cretaceous","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033958","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic composition of low-latitude paleoprecipitation during the Early Cretaceous","docAbstract":"The response of the hydrologic cycle in global greenhouse conditions is important to our understanding of future climate change and to the calibration of global climate models. Past greenhouse conditions, such as those of the Cretaceous, can be used to provide empirical data with which to evaluate climate models. Recent empirical studies have utilized pedogenic carbonates to estimate the isotopic composition of meteoric waters and calculate precipitation rates for the AptianAlbian. These studies were limited to data from mid(35??N) to high (75??N) paleolatitudes, and thus future improvements in accuracy will require more estimates of meteoric water compositions from numerous localities around the globe. This study provides data for tropical latitudes (18.5??N paleolatitude) from the Tlayua Formation, Puebla, Mexico. In addition, the study confirms a shallow nearshore depositional environment for the Tlayua Formation. Petrographic observations of fenestral fabrics, gypsum crystal molds, stromatolitic structures, and pedogenic matrix birefringence fabric support the interpretation that the strata represent deposition in a tidal flat environment. Carbonate isotopic data from limestones of the Tlayua Formation provide evidence of early meteoric diagenesis in the form of meteoric calcite lines. These trends in ??<sup>18</sup>O versus ??<sup>13</sup>C were used to calculate the mean ??<sup>18</sup>O value of meteoric water, which is estimated at -5.46 ?? 0.56??? (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water [VSMOW]). Positive linear covariant trends in oxygen and carbon isotopic values from some horizons were used to estimate evaporative losses of vadose groundwater from tropical exposure surfaces during the Albian, and the resulting values range from 8% to 12%. However, the presence of evaporative mineral molds indicates more extensive evaporation. The added tropical data improve latitudinal coverage of paleoprecipitation ??18O estimates. The data presented here imply that earlier isotope mass balance models most likely underestimated tropical to subtropical precipitation and evaporation fluxes. The limited latitudinal constraints for earlier isotope mass balance modeling of the Albian hydrologic cycle of the Northern Hemisphere Americas resulted in extrapolated low-latitude precipitation ??<sup>18</sup>O values that were much heavier (up to 3???) than the values observed in this study. The lighter values identified in this study indicate a more pronounced rainout effect for tropical regions and quite possibly a more vigorous evaporation effect. These and additional low-latitude data are required to better constrain changes in the hydrologic cycle during the Cretaceous greenhouse period, and to reduce the uncertainties resulting from limited geographic coverage of proxy data. ?? 2009 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B26453.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Suarez, M., Gonzalez, L.A., Ludvigson, G.A., Vega, F., and Alvarado-Ortega, J., 2009, Isotopic composition of low-latitude paleoprecipitation during the Early Cretaceous: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 121, no. 11-12, p. 1584-1595, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26453.1.","startPage":"1584","endPage":"1595","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214243,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26453.1"},{"id":241943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fa3e4b0c8380cd646a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suarez, M.B.","contributorId":18589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vega, F.J.","contributorId":97337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vega","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alvarado-Ortega, J.","contributorId":84574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarado-Ortega","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037333,"text":"70037333 - 2009 - Analysis of hydromechanical well tests in fractured sedimentary rock at the NAWC site, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T14:50:24","indexId":"70037333","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Analysis of hydromechanical well tests in fractured sedimentary rock at the NAWC site, New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"43rd U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium and 4th U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"43rd U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium and 4th U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium","conferenceDate":"June 28- July 1, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Asheville, NC","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Murdoch, L., Hisz, D., Ebenhack, J., Fowler, D., Tiedeman, C.R., and Germanovich, L., 2009, Analysis of hydromechanical well tests in fractured sedimentary rock at the NAWC site, New Jersey, <i>in</i> 43rd U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium and 4th U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium, Asheville, NC, June 28- July 1, 2009.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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R.","contributorId":104107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Germanovich, L.N.","contributorId":81342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germanovich","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037339,"text":"70037339 - 2009 - Dike intrusions into bituminous coal, Illinois Basin: H, C, N, O isotopic responses to rapid and brief heating","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037339","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dike intrusions into bituminous coal, Illinois Basin: H, C, N, O isotopic responses to rapid and brief heating","docAbstract":"Unlike long-term heating in subsiding sedimentary basins, the near-instantaneous thermal maturation of sedimentary organic matter near magmatic intrusions is comparable to artificial thermal maturation in the laboratory in terms of short duration and limited extent. This study investigates chemical and H, C, N, O isotopic changes in high volatile bituminous coal near two Illinois dike contacts and compares observed patterns and trends with data from other published studies and from artificial maturation experiments. Our study pioneers in quantifying isotopically exchangeable hydrogen and measuring the D/H (i.e., <sup>2</sup>H/<sup>1</sup>H) ratio of isotopically non-exchangeable organic hydrogen in kerogen near magmatic contacts. Thermal stress in coal caused a reduction of isotopically exchangeable hydrogen in kerogen from 5% to 6% in unaltered coal to 2-3% at contacts, mostly due to elimination of functional groups (e.g., {single bond}OH, {single bond}COOH, {single bond}NH<sub>2</sub>). In contrast to all previously published data on D/H in thermally matured organic matter, the more mature kerogen near the two dike contacts is D-depleted, which is attributed to (i) thermal elimination of D-enriched functional groups, and (ii) thermal drying of hydrologically isolated coal prior to the onset of cracking reactions, thereby precluding D-transfer from relatively D-enriched water into kerogen. Maxima in organic nitrogen concentration and in the atomic N/C ratio of kerogen at a distance of ???2.5 to ???3.5 m from the thicker dike indicate that reactive N-compounds had been pyrolytically liberated at high temperature closer to the contact, migrated through the coal seam, and recombined with coal kerogen in a zone of lower temperature. The same principle extends to organic carbon, because a strong ??<sup>13</sup>C<sub>kerogen</sub> vs. ??<sup>15</sup>N<sub>kerogen</sub> correlation across 5.5 m of coal adjacent to the thicker dike indicates that coal was functioning as a flow-through reactor along a dynamic thermal gradient facilitating back-reactions between mobile pyrolysis products from the hot zone as they encounter less hot kerogen. Vein and cell filling carbonate is most abundant in highest rank coals where carbonate ??<sup>13</sup>C<sub>VPDB</sub> and ??<sup>18</sup>O<sub>VSMOW</sub> values are consistent with thermal generation of <sup>13</sup>C-depleted and <sup>18</sup>O-enriched CO<sub>2</sub> from decarboxylation and pyrolysis of organic matter. Lower background concentrations of <sup>13</sup>C-enriched carbonate in thermally unaffected coal may be linked to <sup>13</sup>C-enrichment in residual CO<sub>2</sub> in the process of CO<sub>2</sub> reduction via microbial methanogenesis. Our compilation and comparison of available organic H, C, N isotopic findings on magmatic intrusions result in re-assessments of majors factors influencing isotopic shifts in kerogen during magmatic heating. (i) Thermally induced shifts in organic ??D values of kerogen are primarily driven by the availability of water or steam. Hydrologic isolation (e.g., near Illinois dikes) results in organic D-depletion in kerogen, whereas more common hydrologic connectivity results in organic D-enrichment. (ii) Shifts in kerogen (or coal) ??<sup>13</sup>C and ??<sup>15</sup>N values are typically small and may follow sinusoidal patterns over short distances from magmatic contacts. Laterally limited sampling strategies may thus result in misleading and non-representative data. (iii) Fluid transport of chemically active, mobile carbon and nitrogen species and recombination reactions with kerogen result in isotopic changes in kerogen that are unrelated to the original, autochthonous part of kerogen. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.027","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Schimmelmann, A., Mastalerz, M., Gao, L., Sauer, P., and Topalov, K., 2009, Dike intrusions into bituminous coal, Illinois Basin: H, C, N, O isotopic responses to rapid and brief heating: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 20, p. 6264-6281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.027.","startPage":"6264","endPage":"6281","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217175,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.027"},{"id":245096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a019de4b0c8380cd4fc8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gao, L.","contributorId":63651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauer, P.E.","contributorId":76335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Topalov, K.","contributorId":82562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topalov","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033924,"text":"70033924 - 2009 - Isomer-specific determination of 4-nonylphenols using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T10:26:17","indexId":"70033924","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isomer-specific determination of 4-nonylphenols using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Technical nonylphenol (tNP), used for industrial production of nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants, is a complex mixture of C<sub>3−10</sub>-phenols. The major components, 4-nonylphenols, are weak endocrine disruptors whose estrogenicities vary according to the structure of the branched nonyl group. Thus, accurate risk assessment requires isomer-specific determination of 4-NPs. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/ToFMS) was used to characterize tNP samples obtained from seven commercial suppliers. Under optimal chromatographic conditions, 153−204 alkylphenol peaks, 59−66 of which were identified as 4-NPs, were detected. The 4-NPs comprised ∼86−94% of tNP, with 2-NPs and decylphenols making up ∼2−9% and ∼2−5%, respectively. The tNP products were analyzed for eight synthetic 4-NP isomers, and results were compared with published data based on GC/MS analysis. Significant differences were found among the products and between two samples from a single supplier. The enhanced resolution of GC × GC coupled with fast mass spectral data acquisition by ToFMS facilitated identification of all major 4-NP isomers and a number of previously unrecognized components. Analysis of tNP altered by the bacterium,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Sphingobium xenophagum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Bayram, revealed several persistent 4-NPs whose structures and estrogenicities are presently unknown. The potential of this technology for isomer-specific determination of 4-NP isomers in environmental matrices is demonstrated using samples of wastewater-contaminated groundwater and municipal wastewater.</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es902622r","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Eganhouse, R., Pontolillo, J., Gaines, R., Frysinger, G., Gabriel, F., Kohler, H., Giger, W., and Barber, L.B., 2009, Isomer-specific determination of 4-nonylphenols using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 24, p. 9306-9313, https://doi.org/10.1021/es902622r.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"9306","endPage":"9313","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214241,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902622r"}],"volume":"43","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f59e4b0c8380cd64478","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eganhouse, R.P.","contributorId":67555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pontolillo, J.","contributorId":43376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pontolillo","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaines, R.B.","contributorId":44748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaines","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frysinger, G.S.","contributorId":22979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frysinger","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gabriel, F.L.P.","contributorId":30465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabriel","given":"F.L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kohler, H.-P.E.","contributorId":50365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"H.-P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giger, W.","contributorId":38714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giger","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033864,"text":"70033864 - 2009 - Characterisation of carbon nanotubes in the context of toxicity studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T10:14:10","indexId":"70033864","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5522,"text":"Environmental Health","onlineIssn":"1476-069X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterisation of carbon nanotubes in the context of toxicity studies","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionise our futures, but has also prompted concerns about the possibility that nanomaterials may harm humans or the biosphere. The unique properties of nanoparticles, that give them novel size dependent functionalities, may also have the potential to cause harm. Discrepancies in existing human health and environmental studies have shown the importance of good quality, well-characterized reference nanomaterials for toxicological studies.</p><p class=\"Para\">Here we make a case for the importance of the detailed characterization of nanoparticles, using several methods, particularly to allow the recognition of impurities and the presence of chemically identical but structurally distinct phases. Methods to characterise fully, commercially available multi-wall carbon nanotubes at different scales, are presented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/1476-069X-8-S1-S3","issn":"1476069X","usgsCitation":"Berhanu, D., Dybowska, A., Misra, S., Stanley, C., Ruenraroengsak, P., Boccaccini, A., Tetley, T., Luoma, S., Plant, J., and Valsami-Jones, E., 2009, Characterisation of carbon nanotubes in the context of toxicity studies: Environmental Health, v. 8, no. Suppl. 1, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-8-S1-S3.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476199,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069x-8-s1-s3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214322,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-8-S1-S3"},{"id":242039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"Suppl. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f48ae4b0c8380cd4bd97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berhanu, D.","contributorId":86177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berhanu","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dybowska, A.","contributorId":47171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dybowska","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Misra, S.K.","contributorId":47989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanley, C.J.","contributorId":31636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruenraroengsak, P.","contributorId":85845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruenraroengsak","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boccaccini, A.R.","contributorId":59637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boccaccini","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tetley, T.D.","contributorId":52796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tetley","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Plant, J.A.","contributorId":84137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Valsami-Jones, E.","contributorId":103088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70037367,"text":"70037367 - 2009 - Arsenic in the evolution of earth and extraterrestrial ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T10:29:39","indexId":"70037367","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1800,"text":"Geomicrobiology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic in the evolution of earth and extraterrestrial ecosystems","docAbstract":"<div class=\"quote\"><p>If you were asked to speculate about the form extra-terrestrial life on Mars might take, which geomicrobial phenomenon might you select as a model system, assuming that life on Mars would be ‘primitive’? Give your reasons.</p></div><p><br></p><p>At the end of my senior year at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1968, I took Professor Ehrlich's final for his Geomicrobiology course. The above question beckoned to me like the Sirens to Odysseus, for if I answered, it would take so much time and thought that I would never get around to the exam's other essay questions and consequently, would be “shipwrecked” by flunking the course. So, I passed it up. With this 41-year perspective in mind, this manuscript is now submitted to Professor Ehrlich for (belated) “extra-credit.” R.S. Oremland</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/01490450903102525","issn":"01490451","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., Saltikov, C., Wolfe-Simon, F., and Stolz, J., 2009, Arsenic in the evolution of earth and extraterrestrial ecosystems: Geomicrobiology Journal, v. 26, no. 7, p. 522-536, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490450903102525.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"536","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217123,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490450903102525"},{"id":245040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed95e4b0c8380cd498ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saltikov, C.W.","contributorId":16216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltikov","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe-Simon, Felisa","contributorId":37167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe-Simon","given":"Felisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolz, J.F.","contributorId":94022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolz","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033809,"text":"70033809 - 2009 - Trends in concentrations and use of agricultural herbicides for Corn Belt rivers, 1996-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:03:39","indexId":"70033809","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in concentrations and use of agricultural herbicides for Corn Belt rivers, 1996-2006","docAbstract":"Trends in the concentrations and agricultural use of four herbicides (atrazine, acetochlor, metolachlor, and alachlor) were evaluated for major rivers of the Corn Belt for two partially overlapping time periods: 1996-2002 and 2000-2006. Trends were analyzed for 11 sites on the mainstems and selected tributaries in the Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Missouri River Basins. Concentration trends were determined using a parametric regression model designed for analyzing seasonal variability, flow-related variability, and trends in pesticide concentrations(SEAWAVE-Q).TheSEAWAVE-Qmodel accounts for the effect of changing flow conditions in order to separate changes caused by hydrologic conditions from changes caused by other factors, such as pesticide use. Most of the trends in atrazine and acetochlor concentrations for both time periods were relatively small and nonsignificant, but metolachlor and alachlor were dominated by varying magnitudes of concentration downtrends. Overall, with trends expressed as a percent change per year, trends in herbicide concentrations were consistent with trends in agricultural use; 84 of 88 comparisons for different sites, herbicides, and time periods showed no significant difference between concentration trends and agricultural use trends. Results indicate that decreasing use appears to have been the primary cause for the concentration downtrends during 1996-2006 and that, while there is some evidence that nonuse management factors may have reduced concentrations in some rivers, reliably evaluating the influence of these factors on pesticides in large streams and rivers will require improved, basin-specific information on both management practices and use over time. ?? 2009 American Chemical Society.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es902122j","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Vecchia, A.V., Gilliom, R.J., Sullivan, D.J., Lorenz, D.L., and Martin, J.D., 2009, Trends in concentrations and use of agricultural herbicides for Corn Belt rivers, 1996-2006: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 24, p. 9096-9102, https://doi.org/10.1021/es902122j.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"9096","endPage":"9102","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214411,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902122j"}],"volume":"43","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7e6e4b08c986b32755e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401 avecchia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":1173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"avecchia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, Daniel J. 0000-0003-2705-3738 djsulliv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-3738","contributorId":1703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Daniel","email":"djsulliv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":442608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037398,"text":"70037398 - 2009 - Hydrologic control of nitrogen removal, storage, and export in a mountain stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T20:42:48.335062","indexId":"70037398","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic control of nitrogen removal, storage, and export in a mountain stream","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nutrient cycling and export in streams and rivers should vary with flow regime, yet most studies of stream nutrient transformation do not include hydrologic variability. We used a stable isotope tracer of nitrogen (</span><sup>15</sup><span>N) to measure nitrate (NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>) uptake, storage, and export in a mountain stream, Spring Creek, Idaho, U.S.A. We conducted two tracer tests of 2‐week duration during snowmelt and baseflow. Dissolved and particulate forms of&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N were monitored over three seasons to test the hypothesis that stream N cycling would be dominated by export during floods, and storage during low flow. Floods exported more N than during baseflow conditions; however, snowmelt floods had higher than expected demand for NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;because of hyporheic exchange. residence times of benthic N during both tracer tests were longer than 100 d for ephemeral pools such as benthic algae and wood biofilms. Residence times were much longer in fine detritus, insects, and the particulate N from the hyporheic zone, showing that assimilation and hydrologic storage can be important mechanisms for retaining particulate N. Of the tracer N stored in the stream, the primary form of export was via seston during periods of high flows, produced by summer rainstorms or spring snowmelt the following year. Spring Creek is not necessarily a conduit for nutrients during high flow; hydrologic exchange between the stream and its valley represents an important storage mechanism.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.2128","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Hall, R., Baker, M.A., Arp, C., and Kocha, B., 2009, Hydrologic control of nitrogen removal, storage, and export in a mountain stream: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 54, no. 6, p. 2128-2142, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.2128.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2128","endPage":"2142","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.2128","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Spring Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.8955078125,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              44.43377984606822\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8955078125,\n              44.43377984606822\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8955078125,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a35a8e4b0c8380cd600e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, R.O.","contributorId":94890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, M. A.","contributorId":94849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kocha, B.J.","contributorId":69818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocha","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037403,"text":"70037403 - 2009 - Salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness of native xeroriparian plants in semi-arid western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037403","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":846,"text":"Applied Soil Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness of native xeroriparian plants in semi-arid western USA","docAbstract":"Restoration of salt-affected soils is a global concern. In the western United States, restoration of salinized land, particularly in river valleys, often involves control of Tamarix, an introduced species with high salinity tolerance. Revegetation of hydrologically disconnected floodplains and terraces after Tamarix removal is often difficult because of limited knowledge regarding the salinity tolerance of candidate native species for revegetation. Additionally, Tamarix appears to be non-mycorrhizal. Extended occupation of Tamarix may deplete arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, further decreasing the success of revegetation efforts. To address these issues, we screened 42 species, races, or ecotypes native to southwestern U.S. for salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness. As expected, the taxa tested showed a wide range of responses to salinity and mycorrhizal fungi. This variation also occurred between ecotypes or races of the same species, indicating that seed collected from high-salinity reference systems is likely better adapted to harsh conditions than seed originating from less saline environments. All species tested had a positive or neutral response to mycorrhizal inoculation. We found no clear evidence that mycorrhizae increased salinity tolerance, but some species were so dependent on mycorrhizal fungi that they grew poorly at all salinity levels in pasteurized soil. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Soil Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.07.004","issn":"09291393","usgsCitation":"Beauchamp, V., Walz, C., and Shafroth, P., 2009, Salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness of native xeroriparian plants in semi-arid western USA: Applied Soil Ecology, v. 43, no. 2-3, p. 175-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.07.004.","startPage":"175","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217152,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.07.004"},{"id":245073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaff6e4b0c8380cd8786e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beauchamp, Vanessa B.","contributorId":76544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"Vanessa B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walz, C.","contributorId":21793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walz","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037405,"text":"70037405 - 2009 - Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T11:12:20","indexId":"70037405","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>Effective remediation requires an understanding of the relative contributions of metals from all sources in a catchment, and that understanding must be based on a spatially detailed quantification of metal loading. A traditional approach to quantifying metal loading has been to measure discharge and chemistry at a catchment outlet. This approach can quantify annual loading and the temporal changes in load, but does not provide the needed spatial detail to evaluate specific sources, which is needed to support remediation decisions. A catchment or mass-loading approach provides spatial detail by combining tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling methods to quantify loading. Examples of studies in American Fork, Utah, and its tributary Mary Ellen Gulch illustrate this different approach. The mass-loading study in American Fork treated Mary Ellen Gulch as a single inflow. From that point of view, Mary Ellen Gulch was one of the greatest sources of Fe, Mn, Zn, and colloidal Pb loads to American Fork. But when Mary Ellen Gulch was evaluated in a separate catchment study, the detailed locations of metal loading were identified, and the extent of metal attenuation upstream from the mouth of Mary Ellen Gulch was quantified. The net, instantaneous load measured at the mouth of Mary Ellen Gulch for remediation planning would greatly underestimate the contributions of principal sources within the catchment. Extending the detailed sampling downstream from Mary Ellen Gulch indicated the possibility of diffuse groundwater inflow from Mary Ellen Gulch to American Fork. Comparing loads for Mary Ellen Gulch in the two studies indicates that metal loads could be substantially underestimated for planning purposes without the detailed catchment approach for the low-flow conditions in these studies. A mass-loading approach provides both the needed quantification of metal loading and the spatial detail to guide remediation decisions that would be the most effective in the catchments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R., 2009, Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 28, no. 4, p. 274-290, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"290","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217180,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5"},{"id":245102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94c4e4b08c986b31ac36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033204,"text":"70033204 - 2009 - Temporal variations of Escherichia coli concentrations in a large Midwestern river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033204","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variations of Escherichia coli concentrations in a large Midwestern river","docAbstract":"The Raccoon River used by the Des Moines Water Works to serve more than 400,000 people in central Iowa is threatened by contamination from Escherichia coli bacteria from point and nonpoint sources. The 9389 km2 watershed is highly agricultural, with 73% of the land in row crop production and widespread animal production. Results from 2155 grab samples from 1997 to 2005 for E. coli analysis were examined for temporal variations. E. coli concentrations were found to vary across years, seasons, and flow conditions, with a 9-year mean value of 1156 most probable number (MPN)/100 ml. Monthly concentrations exhibited clear seasonality with highest values in May through July. Although E. coli concentrations were higher during periods of greater discharge, the relation of log E. coli to log discharge was not particularly strong (r2 = 0.35). The variogram of E. coli concentrations showed temporal correlation within a span of 4 days suggesting that concentrations measured on 1 day may be related in time to concentrations measured up to 3 days later and beyond 4 days the concentrations vary randomly. The spectral analysis of the time series of E. coli was also carried out and was fitted well with the spectrum of an exponential covariance function. Deciphering temporal patterns and correlation of E. coli bacteria in streams may be useful for developing future monitoring strategies to track concentration patterns and loads. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.029","issn":"00221","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., Zhang, Y., Hill, D., Jones, C., and Wolter, C., 2009, Temporal variations of Escherichia coli concentrations in a large Midwestern river: Journal of Hydrology, v. 365, no. 1-2, p. 79-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.029.","startPage":"79","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213396,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.029"},{"id":241019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"365","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba52ee4b08c986b320885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Y.-K.","contributorId":44309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, D.R.","contributorId":30455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, C.S.","contributorId":69368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolter, C.F.","contributorId":23301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolter","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033095,"text":"70033095 - 2009 - Microbial characterization of nitrification in a shallow, nitrogen-contaminated aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts and detection of a novel cluster associated with nitrifying Betaproteobacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:16:52","indexId":"70033095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial characterization of nitrification in a shallow, nitrogen-contaminated aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts and detection of a novel cluster associated with nitrifying Betaproteobacteria","docAbstract":"<p><span>Groundwater&nbsp;nitrification&nbsp;is a poorly characterized process affecting the speciation and transport of nitrogen. Cores from two sites in a plume of contamination were examined using culture-based and molecular techniques targeting nitrification processes. The first site, located beneath a sewage&nbsp;effluent&nbsp;infiltration bed, received treated effluent containing O</span><sub>2</sub><span>(&gt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>300&nbsp;µM) and NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;(51–800&nbsp;µM). The second site was 2.5&nbsp;km down-gradient near the leading edge of the&nbsp;ammonium&nbsp;zone within the contaminant plume and featured vertical gradients of O</span><sub>2</sub><span>, NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>, and NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;(0–300, 0–500, and 100–200&nbsp;µM with depth, respectively). Ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizers enumerated by the culture-based MPN method were low in abundance at both sites (1.8 to 350&nbsp;g</span><sup>−&nbsp;1</sup><span>&nbsp;and 33 to 35,000&nbsp;g</span><sup>−&nbsp;1</sup><span>, respectively). Potential nitrifying activity measured in core material in the laboratory was also very low, requiring several weeks for products to accumulate.&nbsp;Molecular analysis&nbsp;of&nbsp;aquifer&nbsp;DNA&nbsp;(nested PCR followed by&nbsp;cloning&nbsp;and 16S rDNA sequencing) detected primarily sequences associated with the&nbsp;</span><i>Nitrosospira</i><span>&nbsp;genus throughout the cores at the down-gradient site and a smaller proportion from the&nbsp;</span><span><i>Nitrosomonas</i></span><span>&nbsp;genus in the deeper anoxic, NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;zone at the down-gradient site. Only a single&nbsp;</span><i>Nitrosospira</i><span>&nbsp;sequence was detected beneath the infiltration bed. Furthermore, the majority of&nbsp;</span><i>Nitrosospira</i><span>-associated sequences represent an unrecognized cluster. We conclude that an uncharacterized group associated with&nbsp;</span><i>Nitrosospira</i><span>&nbsp;dominate at the geochemically stable, down-gradient site, but found little evidence for Betaproteobacteria nitrifiers beneath the infiltration beds where geochemical conditions were more variable.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.10.011","issn":"01697","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., and Smith, R.L., 2009, Microbial characterization of nitrification in a shallow, nitrogen-contaminated aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts and detection of a novel cluster associated with nitrifying Betaproteobacteria: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 103, no. 3-4, p. 182-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.10.011.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"193","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213334,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.10.011"},{"id":240948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5646e4b0c8380cd6d498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, D.N.","contributorId":36324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033069,"text":"70033069 - 2009 - Late Pleistocene paleohydrology near the boundary of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts, southeastern Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T15:51:02","indexId":"70033069","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene paleohydrology near the boundary of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts, southeastern Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"Ground-water discharge (GWD) deposits form in arid environments as water tables rise and approach or breach the ground surface during periods of enhanced effective precipitation. Where preserved, these deposits contain information on the timing and elevation of past ground-water fluctuations. Here we report on the investigation of a series of GWD deposits that are exposed in discontinuous outcrops along a ???150-km stretch of the San Pedro Valley in southeastern Arizona, near the boundary of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts. Chronologic, isotopic, geochemical, faunal assemblage (ostracodes and gastropods), and sedimentological evidence collectively suggest that the elevation of the regional water table in the valley rose in response to a change in climate ???50 ka ago and remained relatively high for the next ???35 ka before falling during the B??lling-Aller??d warm period, rebounding briefly during the Younger Dryas cold event, and falling again at the onset of the Holocene. The timing of these hydrologic changes coincides closely with variations in ??18O values of calcite from a nearby speleothem to the west and changes in lake levels at pluvial Lake Cochise to the east. Thus, in southeastern Arizona, the assumption that changes in climate are reflected in all aspects of the hydrologic cycle of a region simultaneously is validated. The timing of these changes also broadly coincides with variations in the GISP2 ??18O record, which supports the hypothesis that atmospheric teleconnections existed between the North Atlantic and the deserts of the American Southwest during the late Pleistocene.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.09.022","issn":"02773","usgsCitation":"Pigati, J., Bright, J.E., Shanahan, T.M., and Mahan, S., 2009, Late Pleistocene paleohydrology near the boundary of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts, southeastern Arizona, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 28, no. 3-4, p. 286-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.09.022.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"286","endPage":"300","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213458,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.09.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.49636840820312,\n              32.20699135272648\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.49636840820312,\n              32.3590832787397\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.29037475585936,\n              32.3590832787397\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.29037475585936,\n              32.20699135272648\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.49636840820312,\n              32.20699135272648\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4517e4b0c8380cd6701c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pigati, Jeffery S. jpigati@usgs.gov","contributorId":1270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeffery S.","email":"jpigati@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bright, Jordon E.","contributorId":44030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bright","given":"Jordon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanahan, Timothy M.","contributorId":85082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanahan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033062,"text":"70033062 - 2009 - A conceptual framework for dryland aeolian sediment transport along the grassland–forest continuum: Effects of woody plant canopy cover and disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T09:25:58","indexId":"70033062","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A conceptual framework for dryland aeolian sediment transport along the grassland–forest continuum: Effects of woody plant canopy cover and disturbance","docAbstract":"<div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id18\"><p>Aeolian processes are of particular importance in dryland ecosystems where ground cover is inherently sparse because of limited precipitation. Dryland ecosystems include grassland, shrubland, savanna, woodland, and forest, and can be viewed collectively as a continuum of woody plant cover spanning from grasslands with no woody plant cover up to forests with nearly complete woody plant cover. Along this continuum, the spacing and shape of woody plants determine the spatial density of roughness elements, which directly affects aeolian sediment transport. Despite the extensiveness of dryland ecosystems, studies of aeolian sediment transport have generally focused on agricultural fields, deserts, or highly disturbed sites where rates of transport are likely to be greatest. Until recently, few measurements have been made of aeolian sediment transport over multiple wind events and across a variety of types of dryland ecosystems. To evaluate potential trends in aeolian sediment transport as a function of woody plant cover, estimates of aeolian sediment transport from recently published studies, in concert with rates from four additional locations (two grassland and two woodland sites), are reported here. The synthesis of these reports leads to the development of a new conceptual framework for aeolian sediment transport in dryland ecosystems along the grassland–forest continuum.</p><p>The findings suggest that: (1) for relatively undisturbed ecosystems, shrublands have inherently greater aeolian sediment transport because of wake interference flow associated with intermediate levels of density and spacing of woody plants; and (2) for disturbed ecosystems, the upper bound for aeolian sediment transport decreases as a function of increasing amounts of woody plant cover because of the effects of the height and density of the canopy on airflow patterns and ground cover associated with woody plant cover. Consequently, aeolian sediment transport following disturbance spans the largest range of rates in grasslands and associated systems with no woody plants (e.g., agricultural fields), an intermediate range in shrublands, and a relatively small range in woodlands and forests. These trends are consistent with previous observations relating large rates of wind erosion to intermediate values for spatial density of roughness elements. The framework for aeolian sediment transport, which is also relevant to dust fluxes, wind erosion, and related aeolian processes, is applicable to a diverse suite of environmental challenges, including land degradation and desertification, dust storms, contaminant transport, and alterations of the hydrological cycle.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.018","usgsCitation":"Breshears, D., Whicker, J., Zou, C., Field, J., and Allen, C.D., 2009, A conceptual framework for dryland aeolian sediment transport along the grassland–forest continuum: Effects of woody plant canopy cover and disturbance: Geomorphology, v. 105, no. 1-2, p. 28-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.018.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"38","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e393e4b0c8380cd460de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breshears, D.D.","contributorId":17952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whicker, J.J.","contributorId":35129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whicker","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zou, C.B.","contributorId":60027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zou","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Field, J.P.","contributorId":46773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033039,"text":"70033039 - 2009 - Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: IV Acid-sulfate waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:58:36","indexId":"70033039","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: IV Acid-sulfate waters","docAbstract":"Many waters sampled in Yellowstone National Park, both high-temperature (30-94 ??C) and low-temperature (0-30 ??C), are acid-sulfate type with pH values of 1-5. Sulfuric acid is the dominant component, especially as pH values decrease below 3, and it forms from the oxidation of elemental S whose origin is H2S in hot gases derived from boiling of hydrothermal waters at depth. Four determinations of pH were obtained: (1) field pH at field temperature, (2) laboratory pH at laboratory temperature, (3) pH based on acidity titration, and (4) pH based on charge imbalance (at both laboratory and field temperatures). Laboratory pH, charge imbalance pH (at laboratory temperature), and acidity pH were in close agreement for pH < 2.7. Field pH measurements were predominantly used because the charge imbalance was <??10%. When the charge imbalance was generally >??10%, a selection process was used to compare acidity, laboratory, and charge balance pH to arrive at the best estimate. Differences between laboratory and field pH can be explained based on Fe oxidation, H2S or S2O3 oxidation, CO2 degassing, and the temperature-dependence of pK2 for H2SO4. Charge imbalances are shown to be dependent on a speciation model for pH values <3. The highest SO4 concentrations, in the thousands of mg/L, result from evaporative concentration at elevated temperatures as shown by the consistently high ??18O values (-10??? to -3???) and a ??D vs. ??18O slope of 3, reflecting kinetic fractionation. Low SO4 concentrations (<100 mg/L) for thermal waters (>350 mg/L Cl) decrease as the Cl- concentration increases from boiling which appears inconsistent with the hypothesis of H2S oxidation as a source of hydrothermal SO4. This trend is consistent with the alternate hypothesis of anhydrite solubility equilibrium. Acid-sulfate water analyses are occasionally high in As, Hg, and NH3 concentrations but in contrast to acid mine waters they are low to below detection in Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb concentrations. Even concentrations of SO4, Fe, and Al are much lower in thermal waters than acid mine waters of the same pH. This difference in water chemistry may explain why certain species of fly larvae live comfortably in Yellowstone's acid waters but have not been observed in acid rock drainage of the same pH.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.019","issn":"08832","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., McCleskey, R.B., and Ball, J., 2009, Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: IV Acid-sulfate waters: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 2, p. 191-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.019.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"207","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213456,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.11.019"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dd7e4b08c986b31db00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033036,"text":"70033036 - 2009 - Biochemical indicators for the bioavailability of organic carbon in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:17:19","indexId":"70033036","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biochemical indicators for the bioavailability of organic carbon in ground water","docAbstract":"<p><span>The bioavailability of total organic carbon (TOC) was examined in ground water from two hydrologically distinct aquifers using biochemical indicators widely employed in chemical oceanography. Concentrations of total hydrolyzable neutral sugars (THNS), total hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA), and carbon‐normalized percentages of TOC present as THNS and THAA (referred to as “yields”) were assessed as indicators of bioavailability. A shallow coastal plain aquifer in Kings Bay, Georgia, was characterized by relatively high concentrations (425 to 1492 μM; 5.1 to 17.9 mg/L) of TOC but relatively low THNS and THAA yields (∼0.2%–1.0%). These low yields are consistent with the highly biodegraded nature of TOC mobilized from relatively ancient (Pleistocene) sediments overlying the aquifer. In contrast, a shallow fractured rock aquifer in West Trenton, New Jersey, exhibited lower TOC concentrations (47 to 325 μM; 0.6 to 3.9 mg/L) but higher THNS and THAA yields (∼1% to 4%). These higher yields were consistent with the younger, and thus more bioavailable, TOC being mobilized from modern soils overlying the aquifer. Consistent with these apparent differences in TOC bioavailability, no significant correlation between TOC and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), a product of organic carbon mineralization, was observed at Kings Bay, whereas a strong correlation was observed at West Trenton. In contrast to TOC, THNS and THAA concentrations were observed to correlate with DIC at the Kings Bay site. These observations suggest that biochemical indicators such as THNS and THAA may provide information concerning the bioavailability of organic carbon present in ground water that is not available from TOC measurements alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00493.x","issn":"00174","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., Bradley, P., Goode, D., Tiedeman, C., Lacombe, P., Kaiser, K., and Benner, R., 2009, Biochemical indicators for the bioavailability of organic carbon in ground water: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 1, p. 108-121, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00493.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"121","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213418,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00493.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f143e4b0c8380cd4ab2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goode, D.J. 0000-0002-8527-2456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":95512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tiedeman, C.","contributorId":78160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lacombe, P.J.","contributorId":67915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kaiser, K.","contributorId":33539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Benner, R.","contributorId":34656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benner","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033011,"text":"70033011 - 2009 - Lagrangian sampling for emerging contaminants through an urban stream corridor in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:17:46","indexId":"70033011","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lagrangian sampling for emerging contaminants through an urban stream corridor in Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent national concerns regarding the environmental occurrence of emerging contaminants (ECs) have catalyzed a series of recent studies. Many ECs are released into the environment through discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and other sources. In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey and the City of Longmont initiated an investigation of selected ECs in a 13.8‐km reach of St. Vrain Creek, Colorado. Seven sites were sampled for ECs following a Lagrangian design; sites were located upstream, downstream, and in the outfall of the Longmont WWTP, and at the mouths of two tributaries, Left Hand Creek and Boulder Creek (which is influenced by multiple WWTP outfalls). Samples for 61 ECs in 16 chemical use categories were analyzed and 36 were detected in one or more samples. Of these, 16 have known or suspected endocrine‐disrupting potential. At and downstream from the WWTP outfall, detergent metabolites, fire retardants, and steroids were detected at the highest concentrations, which commonly exceeded 1 μg/l in 2005 and 2 μg/l in 2006. Most individual ECs were measured at concentrations less than 2 μg/l. The results indicate that outfalls from WWTPs are the largest but may not be the sole source of ECs in St. Vrain Creek. In 2005, high discharge was associated with fewer EC detections, lower total EC concentrations, and smaller EC loads in St. Vrain Creek and its tributaries as compared with 2006. EC behavior differed by individual compound, and some differences between sites could be attributed to analytical variability or to other factors such as physical or chemical characteristics or distance from contributing sources. Loads of some ECs, such as diethoxynonylphenol, accumulated or attenuated depending on location, discharge, and distance downstream from the WWTP, whereas others, such as bisphenol A, were largely conservative. The extent to which ECs in St. Vrain Creek affect native fish species and macroinvertebrate communities is unknown, but recent studies have shown that fish respond to very low concentrations of ECs, and further study on the fate and transport of these contaminants in the aquatic environment is warranted.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00290.x","issn":"10934","usgsCitation":"Brown, J., Battaglin, W., and Zuellig, R., 2009, Lagrangian sampling for emerging contaminants through an urban stream corridor in Colorado: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 45, no. 1, p. 68-82, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00290.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476364,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00290.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213581,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00290.x"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4135e4b0c8380cd653af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, J.B.","contributorId":91307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zuellig, R.E.","contributorId":37045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032978,"text":"70032978 - 2009 - Wastewater effluent, combined sewer overflows, and other sources of organic compounds to Lake Champlain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T08:31:01","indexId":"70032978","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wastewater effluent, combined sewer overflows, and other sources of organic compounds to Lake Champlain","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><strong>Abstract:<span>&nbsp;</span></strong>Some sources of organic wastewater compounds (OWCs) to streams, lakes, and estuaries, including wastewater‐treatment‐plant effluent, have been well documented, but other sources, particularly wet‐weather discharges from combined‐sewer‐overflow (CSO) and urban runoff, may also be major sources of OWCs. Samples of wastewater‐treatment‐plant (WWTP) effluent, CSO effluent, urban streams, large rivers, a reference (undeveloped) stream, and Lake Champlain were collected from March to August 2006. The highest concentrations of many OWCs associated with wastewater were in WWTP‐effluent samples, but high concentrations of some OWCs in samples of CSO effluent and storm runoff from urban streams subject to leaky sewer pipes or CSOs were also detected. Total concentrations and numbers of compounds detected differed substantially among sampling sites. The highest total OWC concentrations (10‐100 μg/l) were in samples of WWTP and CSO effluent. Total OWC concentrations in samples from urban streams ranged from 0.1 to 10 μg/l, and urban stream‐stormflow samples had higher concentrations than baseflow samples because of contributions of OWCs from CSOs and leaking sewer pipes. The relations between OWC concentrations in WWTP‐effluent and those in CSO effluent and urban streams varied with the degree to which the compound is removed through normal wastewater treatment. Concentrations of compounds that are highly removed during normal wastewater treatment [including caffeine, Tris(2‐butoxyethyl)phosphate, and cholesterol] were generally similar to or higher in CSO effluent than in WWTP effluent (and ranged from around 1 to over 10 μg/l) because CSO effluent is untreated, and were higher in urban‐stream stormflow samples than in baseflow samples as a result of CSO discharge and leakage from near‐surface sources during storms. Concentrations of compounds that are poorly removed during treatment, by contrast, are higher in WWTP effluent than in CSO, due to dilution. Results indicate that CSO effluent and urban stormwaters can be a significant major source of OWCs entering large water bodies such as Burlington Bay.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00288.x","issn":"10934","usgsCitation":"Phillips, P., and Chalmers, A., 2009, Wastewater effluent, combined sewer overflows, and other sources of organic compounds to Lake Champlain: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 45, no. 1, p. 45-57, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00288.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213579,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00288.x"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3fae4b08c986b32b43a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, P.","contributorId":97328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalmers, A.","contributorId":96858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}