An aeromagnetic survey over part of the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles, on the southern Alaska Peninsula, was flown in 1977 as part of the Alaska mineral resource assessment program (AMRAP). Maps at scales 1:250,000 and 1:63,360 have been released on open-file (U.s. Geological Survey, 1978a, 1978b). This report includes the aeromagnetic map superimposed on the topographic base (sheet 1) and an interpretation map superimposed on the topographic and simplified geologic base (sheet 2). This discussion provides an interpretation of the aeromagnetic data with respect to regional geology, occurrence of ore deposits and prospects, and potential oil and gas resources. The survey was flown along northwest-southeast lines, spaced about 1.6 km apart, at a nominal elevation of about 300 m above the land surface. A proton-precession magnetometer was used for the survey, and the resulting digital data were computer contoured at intervals of 10 and 50 gammas (sheet 1). The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) of 1965, updated to 1977, was removed from the total field data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1053B","usgsCitation":"Case, J.E., Cox, D.P., Detra, D., Detterman, R.L., and Wilson, F.H., 1981, Maps showing aeromagnetic survey and geologic interpretation of the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1053, Report; 8 p.; 2 maps: 45 x 115 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1053B.","productDescription":"Report; 8 p.; 2 maps: 45 x 115 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1053B.PNG"},{"id":309397,"rank":701,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1053-B/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":105432,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6416.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6416"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chignik Island, Sutwik Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160.75,56 ], [ -160.75,57 ], [ -156,57 ], [ -156,56 ], [ -160.75,56 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60455a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Case, J. E.","contributorId":56625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, D. P.","contributorId":82689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Detra, D.E.","contributorId":72358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Detterman, R. L.","contributorId":71525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":259660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":48751,"text":"ofr811189 - 1981 - Flow-duration data for Missouri streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:05","indexId":"ofr811189","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1189","title":"Flow-duration data for Missouri streams","docAbstract":"Flow-duration data have been developed at 175 streamflow-gaging stations in Missouri that have at least 9 years of record. The flow duration is determined on a daily basis for period of record and presented as tables and hydrogrphs. The computation periods are 9, 19, 29, 39, or 49 years, depending on the length of continuous-streamflow records at each station. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr811189","usgsCitation":"Hauth, L., 1981, Flow-duration data for Missouri streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1189, 204 p. : ill., map ; 28 x 43 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811189.","productDescription":"204 p. : ill., map ; 28 x 43 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1189/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85553,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1189/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cde4b07f02db544a98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hauth, L.D.","contributorId":48551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauth","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47560,"text":"wdrCA804 - 1981 - Water resources data for California, water year 1980; Volume 4, Northern Central Valley basins and the Great Basin from Honey Lake basin to Oregon state line","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-20T01:01:36","indexId":"wdrCA804","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-80-4","title":"Water resources data for California, water year 1980; Volume 4, Northern Central Valley basins and the Great Basin from Honey Lake basin to Oregon state line","docAbstract":"Volume 4 of the water resources data for the 1980 water year for California consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality in lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This report contains discharge records for 199 gaging stations; stage and contents for 34 lakes and reservoirs; precipitation data for stations; water quality for stations; water levels for 54 observation wells, and water quality for 26 wells. Also included are 16 crest-stage partial-record stations, 7 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as special investigations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in California.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA804","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data for California, water year 1980; Volume 4, Northern Central Valley basins and the Great Basin from Honey Lake basin to Oregon state line (Legacy Report): U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-80-4, xv, 451 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA804.","productDescription":"xv, 451 p.","temporalStart":"1979-10-01","temporalEnd":"1980-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":631,"text":"Water Resources Division-California District","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_CA_80_4.jpg"},{"id":257665,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1980/ca-80/WDR-1980-vol4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Northern Central Valley;Great Basin;Honey Lake Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Legacy Report","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7584","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56198,"text":"wdrNY803 - 1981 - Water resources data for New York, volume 3, western New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-09T17:18:24.749982","indexId":"wdrNY803","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NY-80-3","title":"Water resources data for New York, volume 3, western New York","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1980 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This volume contains records for water discharge at 83 gaging stations; stage only at 14 gaging stations; stage and contents at 6 gaging stations and 2 other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 19 gaging stations; 5 quality of precipitation stations; and water levels at 19 observation wells. Also included are data for 52 crest-stage and 16 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data together with the data in Volume 1 and 2 represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in New York.
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for the 1981 water year for Tennessee consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and springs; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of wells. This report contains discharge records for 114 gaging stations; stage only records for one lake gaging station; elevation and contents for 27 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 73 stations and 45 wells; and water levels for 30 observation wells. Also included are 127 crest-stage partial-record stations, 77 low-flow partial-record stations, and 81 coal-hydrology partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various stream and spring sites not involved in the systematic data collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses, or as seepage investigations of discharge and water quality. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Tennessee.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrTN811","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Conservation, Division of Water Resources, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and with other State, municipal, and Federal agencies.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data for Tennessee, water year 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report TN-81-1, ix, 488 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrTN811.","productDescription":"ix, 488 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184416,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1981/tn-81-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":485201,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1981/tn-81-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f22b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56889,"text":"wdrMI801 - 1981 - Water resources data for Michigan, water year 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-10T14:48:59","indexId":"wdrMI801","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MI-80-1","title":"Water resources data for Michigan, water year 1980","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Michigan consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels, water quality, and water temperature of ground-water wells. This report contains discharge records for 180 gaging stations; stage only records for 4 gaging stations; stage and contents for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 62 continuous-record stations; and water levels for 52 observation wells. Also included are 87 crest-stage partial-record stations and 62 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Michigan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMI801","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data for Michigan, water year 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MI-80-1, x, 649 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMI801.","productDescription":"x, 649 p.","numberOfPages":"664","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1980/mi-80-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":344737,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1980/mi-80-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3ef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56907,"text":"wdrWV801 - 1981 - Water resources data for West Virginia, water year 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-25T14:38:52.71751","indexId":"wdrWV801","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WV-80-1","title":"Water resources data for West Virginia, water year 1980","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1980 water year for West Virginia consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and springs; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This report contains discharge records for 117 gaging stations; stage only records for 8 gaging stations; stage and contents for 8 lakes and reservoirs; contents for 1 reservoir; change in contents for 1 reservoir; water quality for 101 gaging stations; and water levels for 37 observation wells. Also included are 5 crest-stage partial-record stations, and 1 low-flow partial record station. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collections program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in West Virginia.
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Virginia\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f16a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56908,"text":"wdrVA801 - 1981 - Water resources data for Virginia, water year 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-30T18:28:39.830476","indexId":"wdrVA801","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"VA-80-1","title":"Water resources data for Virginia, water year 1980","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Virginia consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This volume contains records for water discharge at 210 gaging stations; stage only at 1 gaging station; stage and contents at 10 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 53 gaging stations and 120 wells; and water levels at 60 observation wells. Also included are data for 63 crest-stage partial-record stations. Locations of these sites are shown on figures 3 and 4. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program. Discharge measurements were made at 142 coal-monitoring partial-record stations and 67 low-flow partial-record stations. Miscellaneous data were collected at 311 measuring sites and 186 water-quality sampling sites. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Virginia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrVA801","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Virginia and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data for Virginia, water year 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report VA-80-1, xi, 597 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrVA801.","productDescription":"xi, 597 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411232,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1980/va-80-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":184161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1980/va-80-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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California, water year 1980; Volume 2, Pacific slope basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon state line except Central Valley","docAbstract":"Volume 2 of water resources data for the 1980 water year for California consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and wells; stage, contents, and water quality in lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This report contains discharge records for 159 gaging stations; stage and contents for 19 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 116 stations and 32 wells; water levels for 85 observation wells. Also included are 4 crest-stage partial-record stations and 3 low-flow partial-record stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in California.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA802","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data for California, water year 1980; Volume 2, Pacific slope basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon state line except Central Valley (Legacy Report): U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-80-2, xi, 521 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA802.","productDescription":"xi, 521 p.","temporalStart":"1979-10-01","temporalEnd":"1980-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":631,"text":"Water Resources Division-California District","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_CA_80_2.jpg"},{"id":257662,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1980/ca-80/WDR-1980-vol2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Slope Basins;Arroyo Grande","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Legacy Report","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f75f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57362,"text":"wdrTX803 - 1981 - Water resources data for Texas, water year 1980, Volume 3: Colorado River basin, Lavaca River basin, Guadalupe River basin, Neces River basin, Rio Grande basin, and intervening coastal basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-10T18:09:46.921185","indexId":"wdrTX803","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"TX-80-3","title":"Water resources data for Texas, water year 1980, Volume 3: Colorado River basin, Lavaca River basin, Guadalupe River basin, Neces River basin, Rio Grande basin, and intervening coastal basins","docAbstract":"Surface-water data for the 1980 water year for Texas are presented in three volumes, appropriately identified as to content by river basins. Data in each volume consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and canals; and stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs. Also included are crest-stage and flood-hydrograph partial-record stations, reconnaissance partial-record stations, and low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. Records for a few pertinent stations in bordering States are also included. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Texas.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc897","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"United States Geological Survey","contributorId":128013,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"United States Geological Survey","id":533074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57388,"text":"wdrPA803 - 1981 - Water resources data for Pennsylvania, water year 1980. Volume 3: Ohio River and St. Lawrence River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-26T22:38:43.367632","indexId":"wdrPA803","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-80-3","title":"Water resources data for Pennsylvania, water year 1980. Volume 3: Ohio River and St. Lawrence River basins","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge and water quality of streams; elevation and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. This volume contains records for water discharge at 82 gaging stations; elevations and contents at 22 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 28 gaging stations; and water levels as 20 observation wells. Also included are data for 11 crest-stage, 11 low-flow and 322 water-quality partial-record stations. Locations of these sites are shown on figures 4 through 7. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data together with the data in Volumes 1 and 2 represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrPA803","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources and with other State, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data for Pennsylvania, water year 1980. Volume 3: Ohio River and St. Lawrence River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report PA-80-3, vii, 304 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrPA803.","productDescription":"vii, 304 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431534,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1980/pa-80-3/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181594,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1980/pa-80-3/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc960","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57651,"text":"wdrIN801 - 1981 - Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T11:00:01","indexId":"wdrIN801","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IN-80-1","title":"Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1980","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Indiana consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This report contains discharge records for 185 gaging stations; stage and contents for 12 lakes and reservoirs; releases from 6 flood-control reservoirs; water quality for 51 gaging stations; and water levels for 79 observation wells. Also included are 97 crest-stage partial-record stations and 69 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Indiana.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrIN801","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Indiana and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IN-80-1, xiv, 416 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIN801.","productDescription":"xiv, 416 p.","numberOfPages":"433","temporalStart":"1979-10-01","temporalEnd":"1980-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288320,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1980/in-80-1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fcf35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58526,"text":"mf1196C - 1981 - Map showing mineral-resource potential of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21955,"text":"ofr80814 - 1980 - Mineral resources of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Wilderness Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California","indexId":"ofr80814","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Wilderness Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":58526,"text":"mf1196C - 1981 - Map showing mineral-resource potential of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California","indexId":"mf1196C","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Map showing mineral-resource potential of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T13:25:29","indexId":"mf1196C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1196","chapter":"C","title":"Map showing mineral-resource potential of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California","docAbstract":"The potential for economic development of energy-related or metallic mineral resources in the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas is low to moderate as indicated by geologic, geophysical, and geochemical investigations.
\nNo oil or gas seeps or coal seams were detected within the King Range or Chemise Mountain Study Area. The low porosity and permeability of the Franciscan sandstones that underlie these areas indicate a very low potential for oil or gas. The geothermal resource potential of these areas also is low.
\nMinor manganese resources occur adjacent to the southeast corner of the King Range Instant Study Area near Queen Peak. The manganese forms small stratabound deposits associated with radiolarian chert and pillow basalt. The known deposits are too small and the manganese too low in concentration for further economic exploitation. Similar manganese mineralization may be within the belt of melange in the southeast corner of the King Range area and within the Chemise Mountain Instant Study Area, but economic deposits are unlikely.
Although there has been historical base- and precious-metal exploration activity north of the King Range in the Mattole River drainage, our geologic and geochemical field data indicate almost no gold potential and low potentials for lead, zinc, copper, and silver. During this investigation, one high-grade vein and several minor veins containing lead, zinc, copper, and silver were discovered at Point Delgada immediately south of the King Range Instant Study Area. The vein mineralization is Miocene and cuts Cretaceous basalt flows, dikes, flow breccia, and younger overlying sedimentary rocks of the King Range. The vein mineralization at Point Delgada could be remobilized from more extensive unexposed stratabound base-metal mineralization at depth. Traces of lead and zinc detected within the King Range Instant Study Area may have similar stratabound or vein origins, but no resource potential is indicated. Minor copper mineralization with associated lead, zinc, and manganese anomalies within the Chemise Mountain Instant Study Area is of low economic potential because of the shearing, isolation, and lenticularity of the basaltic and cherty rocks within the melange
mineralization.
The need for large quantities of energy has increased interest in the Fort Union coal region of the Northern Great Plains. Extensive coal development would place a heavy demand on the region's limited streamflow. Some Paleozoic rocks that underlie the Fort Union coal region might supply, at least on a temporary basis, a significant amount of the water required for coal development. This report provides information on ground-water resistivity, rock characteristics, and ground-water temperature, from which general inferences relating to water quality and flow direction may be drawn. The area of study covers approximately 200,000 square miles, and includes eastern Montana, western North Dakota and South Dakota, northeastern Wyoming, and northwestern Nebraska.
Borehole geophysical data and bottom-hole temperature data were used to determine porosity, apparent electrical resistivity of ground water (Rwa), and temperature of ground water for the Red River Formation (Ordovician), Interlake Formation (Uppermost Ordovician and Silurian), Duperow Formation (Upper Devonian), Birdbear Formation (Upper Devonian), and a chronostratigraphic interval within the Madison Limestone (Mississippian). Rwa indicates the areal distribution of fresh and salty water and the probable direction of water movement. Maps showing areal distribution of Rwa, rock porosity, and ground-water temperature were prepared for each formation.
Rwa values ranged from about 13 ohm-meters to 0.04 ohm-meter. The highest Rwa is in recharge areas, and the lowest, in the areas of dense brine in the Williston basin. The areas of brine are not centered in the deepest part of the basin, but are shifted to the east and south, apparently in response to hydraulic effects associated with the flow of less salty water around the brine and into overlying formations. The distribution of water of different quality, which controls Rwa, is governed by the flow system, which in turn is affected by proximity of geologic structures, by the distribution of rock types, and by porosity trends within the rocks.
Temperatures of ground water ranged from about 80°F to as much as 320°F. Generally, temperatures are lowest nearer the mountains and uplift areas and highest in the deeper parts of the basins. Temperature anomalies may be caused by geologic structures, thermal conductivity of overlying beds, and deeper than expected circulation of water in fractures related to intrusive igneous rocks. Thermal gradients ranged from 1.0°F/100 ft to 4.2°/100 ft.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81629","usgsCitation":"MacCary, L., 1981, Apparent water resistivity, porosity, and ground-water temperature of the Madison limestone and underlying rocks in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-629, Report: viii, 36 p.; 21 Plates: 29.93 x 24.20 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81629.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 36 p.; 21 Plates: 29.93 x 24.20 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136905,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":418547,"rank":23,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418546,"rank":22,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418545,"rank":21,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418544,"rank":20,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418543,"rank":19,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418542,"rank":18,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418541,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418540,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418539,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418538,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418537,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-19.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418536,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418535,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-20.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418534,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418533,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418532,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418531,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418530,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418529,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418528,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418527,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418526,"rank":2,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0629/table-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.1244242427554,\n 48.98592605933712\n ],\n [\n -116.1244242427554,\n 39.87916324926459\n ],\n [\n -95.31601506250004,\n 39.87916324926459\n ],\n [\n -95.31601506250004,\n 48.98592605933712\n ],\n [\n -116.1244242427554,\n 48.98592605933712\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67acc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCary, L.M.","contributorId":13200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCary","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":225672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59612,"text":"mf1214C - 1981 - Map showing aeromagnetic interpretation of the Baker-Cypress BLM Instant Study Area and Timbered Crater Forest Service Further Planning Areas, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-06T14:40:41","indexId":"mf1214C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1214","chapter":"C","title":"Map showing aeromagnetic interpretation of the Baker-Cypress BLM Instant Study Area and Timbered Crater Forest Service Further Planning Areas, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou counties, California","docAbstract":"The data for the aeromagnetic map of the Baker-Cypress and Timbered crater areas were collected in 1978 and compiled at a scale of 1 :62,500 (U,S, Geological Survey, 1979). East-west traverses were spaced at 0.8-km intervals at a constant altitude of 1370 m (4500 ft) above sea level, Contour interval is 20 and 100 gammas, depending upon the steepness of local gradients in the Earth's magnetic field. A regional magnetic field (the International Geomagnetic Reference Field - 1975, updated to the month flown) of approximately 5-6 gammas/km was removed from the data be fore con touring.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1214C","usgsCitation":"Griscom, A., 1981, Map showing aeromagnetic interpretation of the Baker-Cypress BLM Instant Study Area and Timbered Crater Forest Service Further Planning Areas, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1214, 29.11 x 23.46 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1214C.","productDescription":"29.11 x 23.46 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359992,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1214-C/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":183345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1214-C/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Modoc County, Shasta County, Siskiyou County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.58333333333333,41.083333333333336 ], [ -121.58333333333333,41.25 ], [ -121.33333333333333,41.25 ], [ -121.33333333333333,41.083333333333336 ], [ -121.58333333333333,41.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655511","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griscom, Andrew","contributorId":23520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griscom","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":60612,"text":"mf1201B - 1981 - Aeromagnetic map of the Mokelumne Wilderness and contiguous Rare II further planning areas, central Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T06:45:57","indexId":"mf1201B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1201","chapter":"B","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Mokelumne Wilderness and contiguous Rare II further planning areas, central Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"The aeromagnetic map consists of parts of two surveys flown at an altitude of 300 m above the average ground surface. One survey (west park of the map_ centered over the Mokelumne Wilderness was flowing in a northeast-southwest direction along slight lines spaced at a horizontal interval of about 800 m (U>S> Geological Survey, 1979b). The survey to the east is part of a regional survey flown in an east-west direction along flight lines spaced at an interval of about 1,600 m (U.S. Geological Survey, 1979a). The join of the aeromagnetic contours along the border between the two surveys is generally conformable. The contour datum of the eastern regional survey, however, is about 650 nT (nanotesla) lower than the Mokelumne Wilderness survey because of difference in data reduction.
\nThe aeromagnetic pattern reflects variations of magnetization within the underlying rocks, but the pattern is complicated by strong topographic effects. That is, magnetic anomaly maxima tend to occur over ridges and hilltops and minima over canyons and depressions. The topographic effect exists mostly because a constant ground clearance could not be maintained at normal aircraft speeds in this area of rugged topographic relief. The recorded flight altitude varied from 30 m to nearly 1,500 m above the ground with local changes that approard 1,000 m in distances of less than 5,000 m.
\nFour magnetic anomalies that can be related to geologic features are discusses., Magnetic highs or lows cause by topography are not discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1201B","usgsCitation":"Plouff, D., and McKee, E.H., 1981, Aeromagnetic map of the Mokelumne Wilderness and contiguous Rare II further planning areas, central Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1201, Map: 37.01 x 33.97 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1201B.","productDescription":"Map: 37.01 x 33.97 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286553,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1201-B/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"62500","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.25,38.416667 ], [ -120.25,38.75 ], [ -119.75,38.75 ], [ -119.75,38.416667 ], [ -120.25,38.416667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691d73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plouff, Donald","contributorId":94657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plouff","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":264078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":37025,"text":"naf73 - 1981 - Birds of the St. Croix River valley: Minnesota and Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T11:02:32","indexId":"naf73","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":58,"text":"North American Fauna","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"73","title":"Birds of the St. Croix River valley: Minnesota and Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The St. Croix River Valley encompasses nearly 11,550 km2 in east-central Minnesota and northwestern Wisconsin. A wide range of habitats are available for birds including upland oak, lowland deciduous, maple-basswood, lowland and upland coniferous forests, natural basin wetlands, and grasslands. Situated in the north-central region of the United States, the valley is a biological 'crossroads' for many species. Because of the mixed affinities of plant communities, the valley includes the northern and southern range limits for a number of species. Also, because the valley lies near the forest-prairie transition zone, many typical western breeding species (e.g. pintail, western meadowlark, yellow-headed blackbird) breed in proximity to typical eastern species such as tufted titmouse, eastern meadowlark, and cardinal. \r\nFrom 1966 to 1980, I conducted extensive surveys of avian distribution and abundance in the St. Croix River Valley. I have supplemented the results of these surveys with published and unpublished observations contributed by many ornithologists. These additional data include compilations from Christmas Bird Counts sponsored by the National Audubon Society and from the Breeding Bird Survey coordinated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Three hundred fourteen species have been recorded in the study area; data are presented on the migration period, nesting season distribution, winter distribution, relative abundance, and habitat use of each species. \r\n\r\nRecognizing the uniqueness of the area, and its importance not only to wildlife but also to man, the U.S. Congress designated the St. Croix a National Scenic Riverway. This action provided a considerable degree of protection to lands along and directly adjacent to the river. Unfortunately, no similar legal measure exists to protect lands away from the river. With the exception of the northern quarter of the St. Croix River Valley, agricultural interests have made significant inroads into the habitat base. The continuing expansion of the nearby Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan region has degraded or destroyed many woodlots, upland fields, and wetlands. In numerous instances, degradation of natural habitats has influenced the abundance and distribution of bird species. Because of these changes, both the Federal government and State Departments of Natural Resources have listed several species in various categories based on their current status. In the St. Croix River Valley, seven species are endangered, eight are threatened, and 29 are watch or priority status in either or both states. Data presented in this report are of value to land managers, land use specialists, and ornithologists, in assessing current and projected habitat alterations on the avifauna of this valley. \r\n\r\nThe St. Croix River bisects a large region of western Wisconsin and east central Minnesota that exhibits a wide range of habitat types. This region supports not only birds, but many mammals, fishes, reptiles and amphibians, and several thousand species of vascular and nonvascular plants. The river itself is relatively clean through most of its course, and its natural flow is interrupted by only two small dams. \r\n\r\nBecause the river lies within a 1-day drive of nearly 10 million people (Waters 1977), use of the area for recreational purposes is extremely heavy. Recreational pursuits include sunbathing, boating, and wild river kayaking in the summer, and ice fishing and cross-country skiing in the winter. The large number of unique and highly fragile habitats that exist there may never be compatible with the uses and abuses of the land that go with expanding human populations. \r\n\r\nThrough the efforts of a number of citizens concerned with the quality of their environment and the foresightedness of several local, State, and Federal legislators, a portion of the upper St. Croix River Valley (hereafter termed 'the Valley') was established as a National Wild and Scenic River. Through establishment of t","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/nafa.73.0001","usgsCitation":"Faanes, C.A., 1981, Birds of the St. Croix River valley: Minnesota and Wisconsin: North American Fauna 73, 196 p., https://doi.org/10.3996/nafa.73.0001.","productDescription":"196 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480562,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700971/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":165088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.80975341796875,\n 45.77901739936284\n ],\n [\n -92.43072509765625,\n 45.77901739936284\n ],\n [\n -92.43072509765625,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -92.80975341796875,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -92.80975341796875,\n 45.77901739936284\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db61207d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faanes, Craig A.","contributorId":72433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faanes","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55173,"text":"wdrHI801 - 1981 - Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1980: Volume 1. Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-04T15:08:24.25852","indexId":"wdrHI801","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"HI-80-1","title":"Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1980: Volume 1. Hawaii","docAbstract":"Volume 1 of water resources data for the 1980 water year for Hawaii and other Pacific Areas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; and water levels and water quality in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for 109 gaging stations; water quality for 10 gaging stations, 103 partial-record flow stations, and 156 wells; and water levels for 22 observation wells. Also included are 109 crest-stage partial-record stations and 19 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Federal, and other agencies in Hawaii.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrHI801","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1980: Volume 1. Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report HI-80-1, xii, 270 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrHI801.","productDescription":"xii, 270 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":497048,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1980/hi-80-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173899,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1980/hi-80-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f7029","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8969,"text":"ofr80422 - 1981 - Model of the ground-water flow system of the Gordo and Eutaw aquifers in west-central Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T15:48:19.995794","indexId":"ofr80422","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-422","title":"Model of the ground-water flow system of the Gordo and Eutaw aquifers in west-central Alabama","docAbstract":"Hydrologic conditions for a two-aquifer system consisting of the Gordo and Eutaw aquifers of Cretaceous age in west-central Alabama were simulated using a three-dimensional finite difference digital model. The model was calibrated to observed heads in the aquifers using a least squares method for obtaining the values for hydraulic parameters which provided the best fit to 28 calibration points in the model. The standard error of estimate for computed heads in the model is 3.46 feet.
Data collected during the period of 1900 to 1970 indicate that the modeled aquifer system is in a steady-state condition. The results of steady-state model simulations show that about 56 percent of the discharge from the system is by upward vertical leakage through confining beds to rivers, about 18 percent is to unregulated flowing wells, 10 percent is to pumped wells, and 16 percent is to boundaries. The areal distribution of water in the aquifer containing chloride concentrations greater than 1,000 mg/L appears to be related to flow patterns in the system.
Areas of greatest head loss in the system are those where there is natural discharge and pumpage. More than 80 percent of the head loss in the system can be attributed to natural discharge by upward leakage through the confining beds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80422","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with Geological Survey of Alabama","usgsCitation":"Gardner, R.A., 1981, Model of the ground-water flow system of the Gordo and Eutaw aquifers in west-central Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-422, Report: 30 p.; 23 Figures: 7.61 x 10.38 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80422.","productDescription":"Report: 30 p.; 23 Figures: 7.61 x 10.38 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495502,"rank":24,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0422/figure-24.pdf","text":"Figure 24","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":495503,"rank":23,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0422/figure-23.pdf","text":"Figure 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Richard Alfred","contributorId":89134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7083,"text":"ofr81881 - 1981 - Deepwell monitoring of strain-sensitive parameters over the greater Southern California uplift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-16T14:53:44.998823","indexId":"ofr81881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-881","title":"Deepwell monitoring of strain-sensitive parameters over the greater Southern California uplift","docAbstract":"Several wells and springs near active faults in southern California have been monitored for the concentration of Rn, Na+ , K+ , Mg+2 , and Cl- for periods of up to 24 months, in an effort to see if any of these constituents show variations which may be related to seismic activity. Radon might reflect either a change in the rock surface area to pore volume ratio or a change in groundwater flow characteristics. The chemistry may change with a change in the flow characteristics. Only a few of these sites have shown significant fluctuations in either radon or chemistry. Data from cold springs are consistent with a model in which ionic constituents are controlled by reactions in the soil zone and radon concentrations are controlled by flow rates in the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81881","usgsCitation":"Henyey, T.L., Teng, T., Hammond, D.E., and Sammis, C., 1981, Deepwell monitoring of strain-sensitive parameters over the greater Southern California uplift: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-881, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81881.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495596,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0881/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0881/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67250f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henyey, Thomas L.","contributorId":34493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henyey","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teng, Ta-liang","contributorId":18356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teng","given":"Ta-liang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammond, Douglas E.","contributorId":67878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sammis, C.G.","contributorId":77140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sammis","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":57429,"text":"wdrOH802 - 1981 - Water resources data for Ohio, water year 1980: Volume 2. St. Lawrence River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-11T16:28:13.527222","indexId":"wdrOH802","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OH-80-2","title":"Water resources data for Ohio, water year 1980: Volume 2. St. Lawrence River Basin","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1980 water year for Ohio consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report in two volumes and one appendix contains records for water discharge at 169 gaging stations; stage and contents at 39 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 57 gaging stations and 83 wells; and water levels at 183 observation wells. Also included are data from 84 crest-stage partial-record stations; 91 low-flow partial-record stations, and 537 coal hydrology synoptic sites. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Ohio.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrOH802","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Ohio and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data for Ohio, water year 1980: Volume 2. 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc9fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":55174,"text":"wdrHI802 - 1981 - Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1980: Volume 2. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-04T15:11:20.251613","indexId":"wdrHI802","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"HI-80-2","title":"Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1980: Volume 2. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"Volume 2 of water resources data for the 1980 water year for other Pacific areas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage of a reservoir; and water levels in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for 41 gaging stations; stage only record for 1 gaging station; water quality for 1 gaging station, 49 partial-record stations; water temperature for 23 gaging stations; water levels for 13 observation wells; tide level for 1 tide station; and 7 water level less tide level tables. Also included are 33 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Governments and Federal agencies in other Pacific areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrHI802","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Governments of Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Mariana Islands, and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1980: Volume 2. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Mariana Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report HI-80-2, x, 158 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrHI802.","productDescription":"x, 158 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":497049,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1980/hi-80-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174281,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1980/hi-80-2/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f7041","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36654,"text":"36654 - 1981 - Biological and economic impact of stream alteration in the Virginia Piedmont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-18T14:17:08","indexId":"36654","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T13:35:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"81/33","title":"Biological and economic impact of stream alteration in the Virginia Piedmont","docAbstract":"A 31 month (September 1974 - March 1977) study was conducted on warmwater streams located in the Roanoke Creek watershed of the Piedmont Region of Virginia. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of stream channelization on the aquatic/riparian wildlife resource and agricultural land-use patterns associated with the altered streams. Three streams, which were channelized 3, 6, and 10 years prior to initiation of the study, and teo unaltered streams, were selected as representative streams for the study.
\nRecently channelized streams lacked overstory cover but has an abundance of herbaceous and small woody plany cover, Conversely, control streams had significantly larger percentages of trees over 46 m tall. Plant species diversity, foliage height diversity, and evenness diversity increased as age since channelization increased.
\nNo major differences in water quality parameters were found for either channelized or control streams, although channelized streams had greater deposits of sand and lesser amount of rock, rubble, and gravel. These changes in substrate composition did not significantly modify actual stream flow rates.
\nFish species composition and species diversity among channelized and unchannelized streams were only slightly different, with most of the differences probably attributable to strays from adjacent habitats, However, evenness diversity for fish communities was lower in channelized streams.
\nThe benthic population showed greater changes than did the fish populations with an increase in Chironominae tolerant of unstable sand substrates in channelized streams. Evenness diversity of benthic populations was also higher and showed more consistency in the control stream than in channelized streams. Evenness diversity of benthic communities in control stream averaged between 0.5 to 0.6 and was quite consistent; whereas, the average in the two youngest channelized streams was 0.3 to 0.4. These data seem to indicate decreased stability of the biota in altered streams.
\n
\n
In general, benthic macroinvertabrate and fish community parameters collected from channelized streams located 1200 m below a reservoir were either comparable to, or intermediate between, upstream (unchannelized) and reservoir tailwater values. The shallow surface discharge impoundments associated with channelized streams appeared to have a highly localized impact on the downstream benthic marcoinvertabrate and fish communities.
\nDuring winter, bird species diversity (BSD) among channelized stream sites was not significantly different. During the breeding season, species richness (number of breeding species) and BSD increased with age since channelization. Breeding bird densities were 6.2 pairs/ha in the most recent (3 yr) channelized site and 13.3 pairs/ha on the control streams. Bird diversity and density, particularly for Parulids (warblers), during the breeding season were reduced significantly by removal of tree and shrub layers along channelized streams.
\nNo significant differences were found among study sites for either total number of small mammals or their species diversity indices; although, there was a trend toward increasing diversity as age since channelization increased. Smaller differences in species diversity values for small mammals on channelized sites than for birds suggests that small mammal populations require less time for recovery following channelization than avian communities.
\nWhen streams are channelized: 1) vegetation should be removed from only one side of the stream, with minimal disturbance of top-soil; followed by plantings of herbaceous and woody vegetation, 2) hedgrow plantings should be maintained between agricultural fields and the stream for bank stabilization, 3) dead snags and large trees should be left for birds, 4) all channelization projects should be designed according to the most recent guidelines recommended by the SCS and other resources agencies.
\nIn 1958, the Roanoke County Watershed Work Plan projected annual costs of the structured measures (mainly reservoirs and downstream channelization) to be $79,897 and the average annual monetary benefits to be $111,103. With this favorable benefit/cost ration of 1.4, work began in 1960. In 1970, the annual capital cost was 60,780 and operations/maintenance costs were 10,402, or a total annual project cost of $71, 182. High and low values of annual benefits from agricultural income, water supply, recreation, and non-agricultural flood damage were determined for 1970 and compared to annual project cost. The benefit/cost ratio obtained was between 0.25 and 0.58, considerably lower than the 1.4 estimate of the 1958. work plan. This unsatisfactory ratio for the project was due mainly to the failure of the project to encourage large scale cropping of bottomland area. Future projects should be planned with 1) a greater recognition of constraints on farm operator behavior which affect land use change, 2) conservative projection for land use changes in area where agriculture ids in overall decline, 3) increased use of sensitivity analysis to examine the consequences for project economic justification of alternative land use change projections.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"Performed for Eastern Energy and Land Use Team, National Water Resources Analysis Group, Office of Biological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Whelan, J.B., 1981, Biological and economic impact of stream alteration in the Virginia Piedmont: FWS/OBS 81/33, x, 48 p.","productDescription":"x, 48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Charlotte County","otherGeospatial":"Roanoke Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.904587,36.697909 ], [ -78.904587,37.248759 ], [ -78.443319,37.248759 ], [ -78.443319,36.697909 ], [ -78.904587,36.697909 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4f71e4b0b290850f2b6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whelan, James B.","contributorId":39300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185168,"text":"70185168 - 1980 - Additional studies of competition and performance in OCS oil and gas sales, 1954-1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T14:14:22","indexId":"70185168","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Additional studies of competition and performance in OCS oil and gas sales, 1954-1975","docAbstract":"Economic rent is commonly defined in economics as any payment to a factor of production in excess of the minimum necessary to engage it in production. In the case of OCS lands owned by the federal government, the minimum supply price necessary to induce the federal government to lease production rights would be the costs of establishing and administering lease contracts. Assuming, for the sake of simplicity, that these costs are small enough to be ignored in the analysis, all payments to the federal government for use of OCS lands are forms of economic rent.
An ideal leasing system should transfer the full amount of economic rent implicit in OCS resources to the federal government. Whether such a complete transfer of economic rent occurs depends upon the conditions of competition in the market for OCS leases. The principal means for capturing economic rent under the bidding system employed by the federal government over the years 1954-1969 are the bonus paid by the highest bidder and a royalty payment which has historically been fixed at 16 2/3 percent of gross production value. Of less importance is an annual rental payment, usually about \\$3.00 per acre, which is paid as long as a tract under lease is not producing.
In the sections which follow, major factors affecting the capture of economic rent by the federal government are discussed and data are presented which demonstrate the importance of the different means used. In computing the amounts of economic rent captured by the federal government, the discounted cash flow technique is employed. This requires selection of an appropriate discount rate, in contrast to the internal rate of return analysis used in Part I, above.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70185168","usgsCitation":"Mead, W.J., and Sorensen, P.E., 1980, Additional studies of competition and performance in OCS oil and gas sales, 1954-1975, iii, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70185168.","productDescription":"iii, 109 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":337674,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70185168/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":338393,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70185168/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca5301e4b0849ce97c8762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mead, Walter J.","contributorId":36564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mead","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorensen, Philip Edward","contributorId":103686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorensen","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}