In situ removal of As from ground water used for water supply has been accomplished elsewhere in circum-neutral ground water containing high dissolved Fe(II) concentrations. The objective of this study was to evaluate in situ As ground-water treatment approaches in alkaline ground-water (pH > 8) that contains low dissolved Fe (<a few tens of μg/L). The low dissolved Fe content limits development of significant Fe-oxide and the high-pH limits As adsorption onto Fe-oxide. The chemistries of ground water in the two aquifers studied are similar except for the inorganic As species. Although total inorganic As concentrations were similar, one aquifer has dominantly aqueous As(III) and the other has mostly As(V). Dissolved O2, Fe(II), and HCl were added to water and injected into the two aquifers to form Fe-oxide and lower the pH to remove As. Cycles of injection and withdrawal involved varying Fe(II) concentrations in the injectate. The As concentrations in water withdrawn from the two aquifers were as low as 1 and 6 μg/L, with greater As removal from the aquifer containing As(V). However, Fe and Mn concentrations increased to levels greater than US drinking water standards during some of the withdrawal periods. A balance between As removal and maintenance of low Fe and Mn concentrations may be a design consideration if this approach is used for public-supply systems. The ability to lower As concentrations in situ in high-pH ground water should have broad applicability because similar high-As ground water is present in many parts of the world.
Sixty packrat middens were collected in Canyonlands and Grand Canyon National Parks, and these series include sites north of areas that produced previous detailed series from the Colorado Plateau. The exceptionally long time series obtained from each of three sites (> 48,000 14C yr BP to present) include some of the oldest middens yet discovered. Most middens contain a typical late-Wisconsinan glaciation mixture of mesic and xeric taxa, evidence that plant species responded to climate change by range adjustments of elevational distribution based on individual criteria. Differences in elevational range from today for trees and shrubs ranged from no apparent change to as much as 1200 m difference. The oldest middens from Canyonlands NP, however, differ in containing strictly xeric assemblages, including middens incorporating needles of Arizona single-leaf pinyon, far north of its current distribution. Similar-aged middens from the eastern end of Grand Canyon NP contain plants more typical of glacial climates, but also contain fossils of one-seed juniper near its current northern limit in Arizona. Holocene middens reveal the development of modern vegetation assemblages on the Colorado Plateau, recording departures of mesic taxa from low elevation sites, and the arrival of modern dominant components much later.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2008.04.006","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Coats, L.L., Cole, K.L., and Mead, J.I., 2008, 50,000 years of vegetation and climate history on the Colorado Plateau, Utah and Arizona, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 70, no. 2, p. 322-338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.04.006.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"338","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18714,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.04.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Canyonlands Park, Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.69775390625,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -112.69775390625,\n 36.90597988519294\n ],\n [\n -111.51123046875,\n 36.90597988519294\n ],\n [\n -111.51123046875,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -112.69775390625,\n 35.746512259918504\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.2642822265625,\n 37.88569271818349\n ],\n [\n -110.2642822265625,\n 38.4514377951069\n ],\n [\n -109.47601318359375,\n 38.4514377951069\n ],\n [\n -109.47601318359375,\n 37.88569271818349\n ],\n [\n -110.2642822265625,\n 37.88569271818349\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554200ace4b0a658d793b285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coats, Larry L.","contributorId":72504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coats","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Kenneth L.","contributorId":48533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mead, Jim I.","contributorId":87067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mead","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000191,"text":"70000191 - 2008 - Identity and physiology of a new psychrophilic eukaryotic green alga, Chlorella sp., strain BI, isolated from a transitory pond near Bratina Island, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000191","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1615,"text":"Extremophiles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identity and physiology of a new psychrophilic eukaryotic green alga, Chlorella sp., strain BI, isolated from a transitory pond near Bratina Island, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Permanently low temperature environments are one of the most abundant microbial habitats on earth. As in most ecosystems, photosynthetic organisms drive primary production in low temperature food webs. Many of these phototrophic microorganisms are psychrophilic; however, functioning of the photosynthetic processes of these enigmatic psychrophiles (the 'photopsychrophiles') in cold environments is not well understood. Here we describe a new chlorophyte isolated from a low temperature pond, on the Ross Ice Shelf near Bratina Island, Antarctica. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses place this strain in the Chlorella clade, and we have named this new chlorophyte Chlorella BI. Chlorella BI is a psychrophilic species, exhibiting optimum temperature for growth at around 10??C. However, psychrophily in the Antarctic Chlorella was not linked to high levels of membrane-associated poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Unlike the model Antarctic lake alga, Chlamydomonas raudensis UWO241, Chlorella BI has retained the ability for dynamic short term adjustment of light energy distribution between photosystem II (PS II) and photosystem I (PS I). In addition, Chlorella BI can grow under a variety of trophic modes, including heterotrophic growth in the dark. Thus, this newly isolated photopsychrophile has retained a higher versatility in response to environmental change than other well studied cold-adapted chlorophytes. ?? 2008 Springer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Extremophiles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00792-008-0176-4","issn":"14310651","usgsCitation":"Morgan-Kiss, R.M., Ivanov, A., Modla, S., Czymmek, K., Huner, N., Priscu, J., Lisle, J., and Hanson, T., 2008, Identity and physiology of a new psychrophilic eukaryotic green alga, Chlorella sp., strain BI, isolated from a transitory pond near Bratina Island, Antarctica: Extremophiles, v. 12, no. 5, p. 701-711, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-008-0176-4.","startPage":"701","endPage":"711","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18718,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-008-0176-4"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan-Kiss, R. M.","contributorId":32660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan-Kiss","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ivanov, A.G.","contributorId":14937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Modla, S.","contributorId":102991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modla","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Czymmek, K.","contributorId":70098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czymmek","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huner, N.P.A.","contributorId":7820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huner","given":"N.P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Priscu, J.C.","contributorId":66396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priscu","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lisle, J.T. 0000-0002-5447-2092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":16965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hanson, T.E.","contributorId":91607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70000285,"text":"70000285 - 2008 - Microbial mass-dependent fractionation of chromium isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000285","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial mass-dependent fractionation of chromium isotopes","docAbstract":"Mass-dependent fractionation of Cr isotopes occurs during dissimilatory Cr(VI) reduction by Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1. Cells suspended in a simple buffer solution, with various concentrations of lactate or formate added as electron donor, reduced 5 or 10 ??M Cr(VI) to Cr(III) over days to weeks. In all nine batch experiments, 53Cr/52Cr ratios of the unreacted Cr(VI) increased as reduction proceeded. In eight experiments covering a range of added donor concentrations up to 100 ??M, isotopic fractionation factors were nearly invariant, ranging from 1.0040 to 1.0045, with a mean value somewhat larger than that previously reported for abiotic Cr(VI) reduction (1.0034). One experiment containing much greater donor concentration (10 mM lactate) reduced Cr(VI) much faster and exhibited a lesser fractionation factor (1.0018). These results indicate that 53Cr/52Cr measurements should be effective as indicators of Cr(VI) reduction, either bacterial or abiotic. However, variability in the fractionation factor is poorly constrained and should be studied for a variety of microbial and abiotic reduction pathways. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.05.051","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Sikora, E., Johnson, T., and Bullen, T., 2008, Microbial mass-dependent fractionation of chromium isotopes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 15, p. 3631-3641, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.05.051.","startPage":"3631","endPage":"3641","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18761,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.05.051"}],"volume":"72","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62dff0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sikora, E.R.","contributorId":28344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sikora","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, T.M.","contributorId":22332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000289,"text":"70000289 - 2008 - Evidence of infection by H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in healthy wild waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T16:30:36","indexId":"70000289","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2981,"text":"PLoS Pathogens","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of infection by H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in healthy wild waterfowl","docAbstract":"The potential existence of a wild bird reservoir for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been recently questioned by the spread and the persisting circulation of H5N1 HPAI viruses, responsible for concurrent outbreaks in migratory and domestic birds over Asia, Europe, and Africa. During a large-scale surveillance programme over Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, we detected avian influenza viruses of H5N2 subtype with a highly pathogenic (HP) viral genotype in healthy birds of two wild waterfowl species sampled in Nigeria. We monitored the survival and regional movements of one of the infected birds through satellite telemetry, providing a rare evidence of a non-lethal natural infection by an HP viral genotype in wild birds. Phylogenetic analysis of the H5N2 viruses revealed close genetic relationships with H5 viruses of low pathogenicity circulating in Eurasian wild and domestic ducks. In addition, genetic analysis did not reveal known gallinaceous poultry adaptive mutations, suggesting that the emergence of HP strains could have taken place in either wild or domestic ducks or in non-gallinaceous species. The presence of coexisting but genetically distinguishable avian influenza viruses with an HP viral genotype in two cohabiting species of wild waterfowl, with evidence of non-lethal infection at least in one species and without evidence of prior extensive circulation of the virus in domestic poultry, suggest that some strains with a potential high pathogenicity for poultry could be maintained in a community of wild waterfowl.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS Pathogens","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.ppat.1000127","issn":"15537366","usgsCitation":"Gaidet, N., Cattoli, G., Hammoumi, S., Newman, S.H., Hagemeijer, W., Takekawa, J.Y., Cappelle, J., Dodman, T., Joannis, T., Gil, P., Monne, I., Fusaro, A., Capua, I., Manu, S., Micheloni, P., Ottosson, U., Mshelbwala, J., Lubroth, J., Domenech, J., and Monicat, F., 2008, Evidence of infection by H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in healthy wild waterfowl: PLoS Pathogens, v. 4, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000127.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476486,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000127","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":18764,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000127"},{"id":203397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9978","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaidet, N.","contributorId":60359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaidet","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cattoli, G.","contributorId":98856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cattoli","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammoumi, S.","contributorId":88463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammoumi","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newman, S. H.","contributorId":21888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hagemeijer, W.","contributorId":54328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagemeijer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cappelle, J.","contributorId":56774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cappelle","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dodman, T.","contributorId":59543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodman","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Joannis, T.","contributorId":90858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joannis","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gil, P.","contributorId":19679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gil","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Monne, I.","contributorId":46201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monne","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Fusaro, A.","contributorId":39916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fusaro","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Capua, I.","contributorId":66824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capua","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Manu, S.","contributorId":10135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Micheloni, P.","contributorId":87661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micheloni","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Ottosson, U.","contributorId":80802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottosson","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Mshelbwala, J.H.","contributorId":22477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mshelbwala","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Lubroth, J.","contributorId":60360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubroth","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Domenech, J.","contributorId":101364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domenech","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Monicat, F.","contributorId":44653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monicat","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70000266,"text":"70000266 - 2008 - An introduced and a native vertebrate hybridize to form a genetic bridge to a second native species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000266","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An introduced and a native vertebrate hybridize to form a genetic bridge to a second native species","docAbstract":"The genetic impacts of hybridization between native and introduced species are of considerable conservation concern, while the possibility of reticulate evolution affects our basic understanding of how species arise and shapes how we use genetic data to understand evolutionary diversification. By using mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) sequences and 467 amplified fragment-length polymorphism nuclear DNA markers, we show that the introduced white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) has hybridized with two species native to the Colorado River Basin - the flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) and the bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus). Hybrids between the flannelmouth sucker and white sucker have facilitated introgression between the two native species, previously isolated by reproductive barriers, such that individuals exist with contributions from all three genomes. Most hybrids had the mitochondrial haplotype of the introduced white sucker, emphasizing its pivotal role in this three-way hybridization. Our findings highlight how introduced species can threaten the genetic integrity of not only one species but also multiple previously reproductively isolated species. Furthermore, this complex three-way reticulate (as opposed to strictly bifurcating) evolution suggests that seeking examples in other vertebrate systems might be productive. Although the present study involved an introduced species, similar patterns of hybridization could result from natural processes, including stream capture or geological formations (e.g., the Bering land bridge). ?? 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0712002105","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"McDonald, D., Parchman, T., Bower, M., Hubert, W., and Rahel, F., 2008, An introduced and a native vertebrate hybridize to form a genetic bridge to a second native species: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 31, p. 10837-10842, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0712002105.","startPage":"10837","endPage":"10842","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476487,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2504823","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18751,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0712002105"}],"volume":"105","issue":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, D.B.","contributorId":82032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parchman, T.L.","contributorId":78063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchman","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bower, M.R.","contributorId":14094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bower","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rahel, F.J.","contributorId":82037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahel","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000224,"text":"70000224 - 2008 - Spatial patterns and movements of red king and Tanner crabs: Implications for the design of marine protected areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T18:12:26","indexId":"70000224","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial patterns and movements of red king and Tanner crabs: Implications for the design of marine protected areas","docAbstract":"Most examples of positive population responses to marine protected areas (MPAs) have been documented for tropical reef species with very small home ranges; the utility of MPAs for commercially harvested temperate species that have large movement patterns remains poorly tested. We measured the distribution and abundance of red king Paralithodes camtschaticus and Tanner Chionoecetes bairdi crabs inside and outside of MPAs in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, USA. By tagging a sub-sample of crabs with sonic tags, we estimated the movement of adult crabs from one of the MPAs (Muir Inlet) into the central portion of Glacier Bay where fishing still occurs. Tanner crabs and red king crabs moved similar average distances per day, although Tanner crabs had a higher transfer out of the Muir Inlet MPA into the central bay. Tanner crab movements were characterized by large variation among individual crabs, both in distance and direction traveled, while red king crabs migrated seasonally between 2 specific areas. Although Tanner crabs exhibited relatively large movements, distribution and abundance data suggest that they may be restricted at large spatial scales by habitat barriers. MPAs that are effective at protecting king and especially Tanner crab brood stock from fishing mortality will likely need to be larger than is typical of MPAs worldwide. However, by incorporating information on the seasonal movements of red king crabs and the location of habitat barriers for Tanner crabs, MPAs could likely be designed that would effectively protect adults from fishing mortality. ?? Inter-Research 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/meps07493","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Taggart, S.J., Mondragon, J., Andrews, A., and Nielsen, J., 2008, Spatial patterns and movements of red king and Tanner crabs: Implications for the design of marine protected areas: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 365, p. 151-163, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07493.","startPage":"151","endPage":"163","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476493,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07493","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":18730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07493"},{"id":203651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"365","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635440","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mondragon, Jennifer","contributorId":57580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mondragon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, A.G.","contributorId":92401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, J.K.","contributorId":84488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000220,"text":"70000220 - 2008 - Phase shift from a coral to a corallimorph-dominated reef associated with a shipwreck on Palmyra atoll","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T15:04:03","indexId":"70000220","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phase shift from a coral to a corallimorph-dominated reef associated with a shipwreck on Palmyra atoll","docAbstract":"Coral reefs can undergo relatively rapid changes in the dominant biota, a phenomenon referred to as phase shift. Various reasons have been proposed to explain this phenomenon including increased human disturbance, pollution, or changes in coral reef biota that serve a major ecological function such as depletion of grazers. However, pinpointing the actual factors potentially responsible can be problematic. Here we show a phase shift from coral to the corallimorpharian Rhodactis howesii associated with a long line vessel that wrecked in 1991 on an isolated atoll (Palmyra) in the central Pacific Ocean. We documented high densities of R. howesii near the ship that progressively decreased with distance from the ship whereas R. howesii were rare to absent in other parts of the atoll. We also confirmed high densities of R. howesii around several buoys recently installed on the atoll in 2001. This is the first time that a phase shift on a coral leef has been unambiguously associated with man-made structures. This association was made, in part, because of the remoteness of Palmyra and its recent history of minimal human habitation or impact. Phase shifts can have long-term negative ramification for coral reefs, and eradication of organisms responsible for phase shifts in marine ecosystems can be difficult, particularly if such organisms cover a large area. The extensive R. howesii invasion and subsequent loss of coral reef habitat at Palmyra also highlights the importance of rapid removal of shipwrecks on corals reefs to mitigate the potential of reef overgrowth by invasives.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0002989","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Aeby, G., and Maragos, J., 2008, Phase shift from a coral to a corallimorph-dominated reef associated with a shipwreck on Palmyra atoll: PLoS ONE, v. 3, no. 8, e2989; 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002989.","productDescription":"e2989; 5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476485,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002989","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18728,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002989"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Palmyra Atoll","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.12018013000488,\n 5.897712886098604\n ],\n [\n -162.1010398864746,\n 5.898737401709217\n ],\n [\n -162.0877361297607,\n 5.8997619154270815\n ],\n [\n -162.07039833068848,\n 5.901896312925506\n ],\n [\n -162.0578670501709,\n 5.900530299473203\n ],\n [\n -162.05100059509277,\n 5.89557847249885\n ],\n [\n -162.04241752624512,\n 5.890370468862985\n ],\n [\n -162.0366668701172,\n 5.885845442443525\n ],\n [\n -162.03512191772458,\n 5.881235000276239\n ],\n [\n -162.03452110290527,\n 5.875599963510307\n ],\n [\n -162.03434944152832,\n 5.86842801605592\n ],\n [\n -162.03563690185547,\n 5.864927389137947\n ],\n [\n -162.04224586486816,\n 5.8645004819129625\n ],\n [\n -162.0655918121338,\n 5.864756626287151\n ],\n [\n -162.073917388916,\n 5.866976539269172\n ],\n [\n -162.08593368530273,\n 5.866208108852331\n ],\n [\n -162.10816383361816,\n 5.864073574361272\n ],\n [\n -162.11297035217285,\n 5.864927389137947\n ],\n [\n -162.1175193786621,\n 5.888662916053492\n ],\n [\n -162.12018013000488,\n 5.897712886098604\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":34078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aeby, G.S.","contributorId":56624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aeby","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maragos, J.E.","contributorId":100509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maragos","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000277,"text":"70000277 - 2008 - Seasonal variation in size-dependent survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Performance of multistate capture-mark-recapture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000277","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variation in size-dependent survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Performance of multistate capture-mark-recapture models","docAbstract":"We estimated the magnitude and shape of size-dependent survival (SDS) across multiple sampling intervals for two cohorts of stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) juveniles using multistate capture-mark-recapture (CMR) models. Simulations designed to test the effectiveness of multistate models for detecting SDS in our system indicated that error in SDS estimates was low and that both time-invariant and time-varying SDS could be detected with sample sizes of >250, average survival of >0.6, and average probability of capture of >0.6, except for cases of very strong SDS. In the field (N ??? 750, survival 0.6-0.8 among sampling intervals, probability of capture 0.6-0.8 among sampling occasions), about one-third of the sampling intervals showed evidence of SDS, with poorer survival of larger fish during the age-2+ autumn and quadratic survival (opposite direction between cohorts) during age-1+ spring. The varying magnitude and shape of SDS among sampling intervals suggest a potential mechanism for the maintenance of the very wide observed size distributions. Estimating SDS using multistate CMR models appears complementary to established approaches, can provide estimates with low error, and can be used to detect intermittent SDS. ?? 2008 NRC Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F08-083","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B., and Horton, G., 2008, Seasonal variation in size-dependent survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Performance of multistate capture-mark-recapture models: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 65, no. 8, p. 1649-1666, https://doi.org/10.1139/F08-083.","startPage":"1649","endPage":"1666","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18756,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F08-083"}],"volume":"65","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, G.E.","contributorId":8594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000049,"text":"70000049 - 2008 - Factors influencing leaf litter decomposition: An intersite decomposition experiment across China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:48:49","indexId":"70000049","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing leaf litter decomposition: An intersite decomposition experiment across China","docAbstract":"The Long-Term Intersite Decomposition Experiment in China (hereafter referred to as LTIDE-China) was established in 2002 to study how substrate quality and macroclimate factors affect leaf litter decomposition. The LTIDE-China includes a wide variety of natural and managed ecosystems, consisting of 12 forest types (eight regional broadleaf forests, three needle-leaf plantations and one broadleaf plantation) at eight locations across China. Samples of mixed leaf litter from the south subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest in Dinghushan (referred to as the DHS sample) were translocated to all 12 forest types. The leaf litter from each of other 11 forest types was placed in its original forest to enable comparison of decomposition rates of DHS and local litters. The experiment lasted for 30 months, involving collection of litterbags from each site every 3 months. Our results show that annual decomposition rate-constants, as represented by regression fitted k-values, ranged from 0.169 to 1.454/year. Climatic factors control the decomposition rate, in which mean annual temperature and annual actual evapotranspiration are dominant and mean annual precipitation is subordinate. Initial C/N and N/P ratios were demonstrated to be important factors of regulating litter decomposition rate. Decomposition process may apparently be divided into two phases controlled by different factors. In our study, 0.75 years is believed to be the dividing line of the two phases. The fact that decomposition rates of DHS litters were slower than those of local litters may have been resulted from the acclimation of local decomposer communities to extraneous substrate. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11104-008-9658-5","issn":"0032079X","usgsCitation":"Zhou, G., Guan, L., Wei, X., Tang, X., Liu, S., Liu, J., Zhang, D., and Yan, J., 2008, Factors influencing leaf litter decomposition: An intersite decomposition experiment across China: Plant and Soil, v. 311, no. 1-2, p. 61-72, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9658-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18652,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9658-5"}],"volume":"311","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fde37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, G.","contributorId":12604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guan, L.","contributorId":63132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guan","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wei, X.","contributorId":50636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tang, X.","contributorId":43082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhang, Dongxiao","contributorId":26409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Dongxiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yan, J.","contributorId":24480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70000057,"text":"70000057 - 2008 - Geolocation of man-made reservoirs across terrains of varying complexity using GIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000057","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geolocation of man-made reservoirs across terrains of varying complexity using GIS","docAbstract":"The Reservoir Sedimentation Survey Information System (RESIS) is one of the world's most comprehensive databases of reservoir sedimentation rates, comprising nearly 6000 surveys for 1819 reservoirs across the continental United States. Sediment surveys in the database date from 1904 to 1999, though more than 95% of surveys were entered prior to 1980, making RESIS largely a historical database. The use of this database for large-scale studies has been limited by the lack of precise coordinates for the reservoirs. Many of the reservoirs are relatively small structures and do not appear on current USGS topographic maps. Others have been renamed or have only approximate (i.e. township and range) coordinates. This paper presents a method scripted in ESRI's ARC Macro Language (AML) to locate the reservoirs on digital elevation models using information available in RESIS. The script also delineates the contributing watersheds and compiles several hydrologically important parameters for each reservoir. Evaluation of the method indicates that, for watersheds larger than 5 km2, the correct outlet is identified over 80% of the time. The importance of identifying the watershed outlet correctly depends on the application. Our intent is to collect spatial data for watersheds across the continental United States and describe the land use, soils, and topography for each reservoir's watershed. Because of local landscape similarity in these properties, we show that choosing the incorrect watershed does not necessarily mean that the watershed characteristics will be misrepresented. We present a measure termed terrain complexity and examine its relationship to geolocation success rate and its influence on the similarity of nearby watersheds. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.015","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Mixon, D., Kinner, D., Stallard, R., and Syvitski, J., 2008, Geolocation of man-made reservoirs across terrains of varying complexity using GIS: Computers & Geosciences, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1184-1197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.015.","startPage":"1184","endPage":"1197","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18660,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.015"}],"volume":"34","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a872b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mixon, D.M.","contributorId":85702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mixon","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinner, D.A.","contributorId":99265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinner","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stallard, R.F.","contributorId":30247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Syvitski, J.P.M.","contributorId":91222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syvitski","given":"J.P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000037,"text":"70000037 - 2008 - Assessing streamflow characteristics as limiting factors on benthic invertebrate assemblages in streams across the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T21:45:49","indexId":"70000037","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing streamflow characteristics as limiting factors on benthic invertebrate assemblages in streams across the western United States","docAbstract":"1. Human use of land and water resources modifies many streamflow characteristics, which can have significant ecological consequences. Streamflow and invertebrate data collected at 111 sites in the western U.S.A. were analysed to identify streamflow characteristics (magnitude, frequency, duration, timing and variation) that are probably to limit characteristics of benthic invertebrate assemblages (abundance, richness, diversity and evenness, functional feeding groups and individual taxa) and, thus, would be important for freshwater conservation and restoration. Our analysis investigated multiple metrics for each biological and hydrological characteristic, but focuses on 14 invertebrate metrics and 13 streamflow metrics representing the key associations between streamflow and invertebrates.
\n2. Streamflow is only one of many environmental and biotic factors that influence the characteristics of invertebrate assemblages. Although the central tendency of invertebrate assemblage characteristics may not respond to any one factor across a large region like the western U.S.A., we postulate that streamflow may limit some invertebrates. To assess streamflow characteristics as limiting factors on invertebrate assemblages, we developed a nonparametric screening procedure to identify upper (ceilings) or lower (floors) limits on invertebrate metrics associated with streamflow metrics. Ceilings and floors for selected metrics were then quantified using quantile regression.
\n3. Invertebrate assemblages had limits associated with all streamflow characteristics that we analysed. Metrics of streamflow variation at daily to inter-annual scales were among the most common characteristics associated with limits on invertebrate assemblages. Baseflow recession, daily variation and monthly variation, in streamflow were associated with the largest number of invertebrate metrics. Since changes in streamflow variation are often a consequence of hydrologic alteration, they may serve as useful indicators of ecologically significant changes in streamflow and as benchmarks for managing streamflow for ecological objectives.
\n4. Relative abundance of Plecoptera, richness of non-insect taxa and relative abundance of intolerant taxa were associated with multiple streamflow metrics. Metrics of sensitive taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera), and intolerant taxa generally had ceilings associated with flow metrics while metrics of tolerant taxa, non-insects, dominance and chironomids generally had floors. Broader characteristics of invertebrate assemblages such as abundance and richness had fewer limits, but these limits were nonetheless associated with a broad range of streamflow characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02024.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C., Brasher, A., and May, J., 2008, Assessing streamflow characteristics as limiting factors on benthic invertebrate assemblages in streams across the western United States: Freshwater Biology, v. 53, no. 10, p. 1983-1998, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02024.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1983","endPage":"1998","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18641,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02024.x"}],"volume":"53","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, C.P.","contributorId":39027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brasher, A.M.D.","contributorId":8213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"A.M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, J. T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":72505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000034,"text":"70000034 - 2008 - Calculating wave-generated bottom orbital velocities from surface-wave parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-17T10:48:32","indexId":"70000034","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculating wave-generated bottom orbital velocities from surface-wave parameters","docAbstract":"Near-bed wave orbital velocities and shear stresses are important parameters in many sediment-transport and hydrodynamic models of the coastal ocean, estuaries, and lakes. Simple methods for estimating bottom orbital velocities from surface-wave statistics such as significant wave height and peak period often are inaccurate except in very shallow water. This paper briefly reviews approaches for estimating wave-generated bottom orbital velocities from near-bed velocity data, surface-wave spectra, and surface-wave parameters; MATLAB code for each approach is provided. Aspects of this problem have been discussed elsewhere. We add to this work by providing a method for using a general form of the parametric surface-wave spectrum to estimate bottom orbital velocity from significant wave height and peak period, investigating effects of spectral shape on bottom orbital velocity, comparing methods for calculating bottom orbital velocity against values determined from near-bed velocity measurements at two sites on the US east and west coasts, and considering the optimal representation of bottom orbital velocity for calculations of near-bed processes. Bottom orbital velocities calculated using near-bed velocity data, measured wave spectra, and parametric spectra for a site on the northern California shelf and one in the mid-Atlantic Bight compare quite well and are relatively insensitive to spectral shape except when bimodal waves are present with maximum energy at the higher-frequency peak. These conditions, which are most likely to occur at times when bottom orbital velocities are small, can be identified with our method as cases where the measured wave statistics are inconsistent with Donelan's modified form of the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) spectrum. We define the 'effective' forcing for wave-driven, near-bed processes as the product of the magnitude of forcing times its probability of occurrence, and conclude that different bottom orbital velocity statistics may be appropriate for different problems. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.010","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Wiberg, P., and Sherwood, C.R., 2008, Calculating wave-generated bottom orbital velocities from surface-wave parameters: Computers & Geosciences, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1243-1262, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.010.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1243","endPage":"1262","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18638,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.010"},{"id":203770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5459a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiberg, P.L.","contributorId":33827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiberg","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000096,"text":"70000096 - 2008 - Combining MODIS and Landsat imagery to estimate and map boreal forest cover loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T11:06:15","indexId":"70000096","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining MODIS and Landsat imagery to estimate and map boreal forest cover loss","docAbstract":"Estimation of forest cover change is important for boreal forests, one of the most extensive forested biomes, due to its unique role in global timber stock, carbon sequestration and deposition, and high vulnerability to the effects of global climate change. We used time-series data from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to produce annual forest cover loss hotspot maps. These maps were used to assign all blocks (18.5 by 18.5 km) partitioning the boreal biome into strata of high, medium and low likelihood of forest cover loss. A stratified random sample of 118 blocks was interpreted for forest cover and forest cover loss using high spatial resolution Landsat imagery from 2000 and 2005. Area of forest cover gross loss from 2000 to 2005 within the boreal biome is estimated to be 1.63% (standard error 0.10%) of the total biome area, and represents a 4.02% reduction in year 2000 forest cover. The proportion of identified forest cover loss relative to regional forest area is much higher in North America than in Eurasia (5.63% to 3.00%). Of the total forest cover loss identified, 58.9% is attributable to wildfires. The MODIS pan-boreal change hotspot estimates reveal significant increases in forest cover loss due to wildfires in 2002 and 2003, with 2003 being the peak year of loss within the 5-year study period. Overall, the precision of the aggregate forest cover loss estimates derived from the Landsat data and the value of the MODIS-derived map displaying the spatial and temporal patterns of forest loss demonstrate the efficacy of this protocol for operational, cost-effective, and timely biome-wide monitoring of gross forest cover loss.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.006","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Potapov, P., Hansen, M.C., Stehman, S., Loveland, T., and Pittman, K., 2008, Combining MODIS and Landsat imagery to estimate and map boreal forest cover loss: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 112, no. 9, p. 3708-3719, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3708","endPage":"3719","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae76b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potapov, P.","contributorId":39921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potapov","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Matthew C.","contributorId":192036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12623,"text":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":344874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehman, S.V.","contributorId":91974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stehman","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27852,"text":"State University of New York, Syracuse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":344875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pittman, K.","contributorId":9384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittman","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000386,"text":"70000386 - 2008 - Humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005 quantified by using multitemporal and multiresolution remotely sensed data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T11:18:01","indexId":"70000386","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005 quantified by using multitemporal and multiresolution remotely sensed data","docAbstract":"Forest cover is an important input variable for assessing changes to carbon stocks, climate and hydrological systems, biodiversity richness, and other sustainability science disciplines. Despite incremental improvements in our ability to quantify rates of forest clearing, there is still no definitive understanding on global trends. Without timely and accurate forest monitoring methods, policy responses will be uninformed concerning the most basic facts of forest cover change. Results of a feasible and cost-effective monitoring strategy are presented that enable timely, precise, and internally consistent estimates of forest clearing within the humid tropics. A probability-based sampling approach that synergistically employs low and high spatial resolution satellite datasets was used to quantify humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005. Forest clearing is estimated to be 1.39% (SE 0.084%) of the total biome area. This translates to an estimated forest area cleared of 27.2 million hectares (SE 2.28 million hectares), and represents a 2.36% reduction in area of humid tropical forest. Fifty-five percent of total biome clearing occurs within only 6% of the biome area, emphasizing the presence of forest clearing “hotspots.” Forest loss in Brazil accounts for 47.8% of total biome clearing, nearly four times that of the next highest country, Indonesia, which accounts for 12.8%. Over three-fifths of clearing occurs in Latin America and over one-third in Asia. Africa contributes 5.4% to the estimated loss of humid tropical forest cover, reflecting the absence of current agro-industrial scale clearing in humid tropical Africa.
","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0804042105","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M.C., Stehman, S., Potapov, P.V., Loveland, T., Townshend, J., DeFries, R., Pittman, K., Arunarwati, B., Stolle, F., Steininger, M., Carroll, M., and DiMiceli, C., 2008, Humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005 quantified by using multitemporal and multiresolution remotely sensed data: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 27, p. 9439-9444, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804042105.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9439","endPage":"9444","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2453739","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a53f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Matthew C.","contributorId":192036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12623,"text":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehman, S.V.","contributorId":91974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stehman","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27852,"text":"State University of New York, Syracuse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Potapov, Peter V.","contributorId":192037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potapov","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Townshend, J.R.G.","contributorId":15321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"J.R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeFries, R.S.","contributorId":61549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFries","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pittman, K.W.","contributorId":101782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittman","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Arunarwati, B.","contributorId":108234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arunarwati","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stolle, F.","contributorId":46662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolle","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Steininger, M.K.","contributorId":29933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steininger","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Carroll, M.","contributorId":16137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"DiMiceli, C.","contributorId":49498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiMiceli","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70000186,"text":"70000186 - 2008 - Fish assemblages of the Casiquiare River, a corridor and zoogeographical filter for dispersal between the Orinoco and Amazon basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000186","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish assemblages of the Casiquiare River, a corridor and zoogeographical filter for dispersal between the Orinoco and Amazon basins","docAbstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether the Casiquiare River functions as a free dispersal corridor or as a partial barrier (i.e. filter) for the interchange of fish species of the Orinoco and Negro/Amazon basins using species assemblage patterns according to geographical location and environmental features. Location: The Casiquiare, Upper Orinoco and Upper Negro rivers in southern Venezuela, South America. Methods: Our study was based on an analysis of species presence/absence data and environmental information (11 habitat characteristics) collected by the authors and colleagues between the years 1984 and 1999. The data set consisted of 269 sampled sites and 452 fish species (> 50,000 specimens). A wide range of habitat types was included in the samples, and the collection sites were located at various points along the entire length of the Casiquiare main channel, at multiple sites on its tributary streams, as well as at various nearby sites outside the Casiquiare drainage, within the Upper Orinoco and Upper Rio Negro river systems. Most specimens and field data used in this analysis are archived in the Museo de Ciencias Naturales in Guanare, Venezuela. We performed canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) based on species presence/absence using two versions of the data set: one that eliminated sites having < 5 species and species occurring at < 5 sites; and another that eliminated sites having < 10 species and species occurring at < 10 sites. Cluster analysis was performed on sites based on species assemblage similarity, and a separate analysis was performed on species based on CCA loadings. Results: The CCA results for the two versions of the data set were qualitatively the same. The dominant environmental axis contrasted assemblages and sites associated with blackwater vs. clearwater conditions. Longitudinal position on the Casiquiare River was correlated (r2 = 0.33) with CCA axis-1 scores, reflecting clearwater conditions nearer to its origin (bifurcation of the Orinoco) and blackwater conditions nearer to its mouth (junction with the Rio Negro). The second CCA axis was most strongly associated with habitat size and structural complexity. Species associations derived from the unweighted pair-group average clustering method and pair-wise squared Euclidean distances calculated from species loadings on CCA axes 1 and 2 showed seven ecological groupings. Cluster analysis of species assemblages according to watershed revealed a stronger influence of local environmental conditions than of geographical proximity. Main conclusions: Fish assemblage composition is more consistently associated with local environmental conditions than with geographical position within the river drainages. Nonetheless, the results support the hypothesis that the mainstem Casiquiare represents a hydrochemical gradient between clearwaters at its origin and blackwaters at its mouth, and as such appears to function as a semi-permeable barrier (environmental filter) to dispersal and faunal exchanges between the partially vicariant fish faunas of the Upper Orinoco and Upper Negro rivers. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01917.x","issn":"03050270","usgsCitation":"Winemiller, K., Lopez-Fernandez, H., Taphorn, D., Nico, L., and Duque, A., 2008, Fish assemblages of the Casiquiare River, a corridor and zoogeographical filter for dispersal between the Orinoco and Amazon basins: Journal of Biogeography, v. 35, no. 9, p. 1551-1563, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01917.x.","startPage":"1551","endPage":"1563","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18715,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01917.x"}],"volume":"35","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f23f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winemiller, K.O.","contributorId":103394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winemiller","given":"K.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lopez-Fernandez, H.","contributorId":103395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez-Fernandez","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taphorn, D.C.","contributorId":32480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taphorn","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nico, L.G. 0000-0002-4488-7737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":83052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duque, A.B.","contributorId":97611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duque","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000312,"text":"70000312 - 2008 - Application of two tests of multivariate discordancy to fisheries data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000312","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of two tests of multivariate discordancy to fisheries data sets","docAbstract":"The generalized (Mahalanobis) distance and multivariate kurtosis are two powerful tests of multivariate discordancies (outliers). Unlike the generalized distance test, the multivariate kurtosis test has not been applied as a test of discordancy to fisheries data heretofore. We applied both tests, along with published algorithms for identifying suspected causal variable(s) of discordant observations, to two fisheries data sets from Lake Erie: total length, mass, and age from 1,234 burbot, Lota lota; and 22 combinations of unique subsets of 10 morphometrics taken from 119 yellow perch, Perca flavescens. For the burbot data set, the generalized distance test identified six discordant observations and the multivariate kurtosis test identified 24 discordant observations. In contrast with the multivariate tests, the univariate generalized distance test identified no discordancies when applied separately to each variable. Removing discordancies had a substantial effect on length-versus-mass regression equations. For 500-mm burbot, the percent difference in estimated mass after removing discordancies in our study was greater than the percent difference in masses estimated for burbot of the same length in lakes that differed substantially in productivity. The number of discordant yellow perch detected ranged from 0 to 2 with the multivariate generalized distance test and from 6 to 11 with the multivariate kurtosis test. With the kurtosis test, 108 yellow perch (90.7%) were identified as discordant in zero to two combinations, and five (4.2%) were identified as discordant in either all or 21 of the 22 combinations. The relationship among the variables included in each combination determined which variables were identified as causal. The generalized distance test identified between zero and six discordancies when applied separately to each variable. Removing the discordancies found in at least one-half of the combinations (k=5) had a marked effect on a principal components analysis. In particular, the percent of the total variation explained by second and third principal components, which explain shape, increased by 52 and 44% respectively when the discordancies were removed. Multivariate applications of the tests have numerous ecological advantages over univariate applications, including improved management of fish stocks and interpretation of multivariate morphometric data. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10641-007-9294-6","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M., Kocovsky, P., and Garner, F., 2008, Application of two tests of multivariate discordancy to fisheries data sets: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 82, no. 4, p. 325-339, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-007-9294-6.","startPage":"325","endPage":"339","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18783,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-007-9294-6"}],"volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b6e4b07f02db5343f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, M.A.","contributorId":65437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kocovsky, P.M.","contributorId":78447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garner, F.C.","contributorId":93608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000314,"text":"70000314 - 2008 - Contrasting population trends of piscivorous seabirds in the Pribilof Islands: A 30-year perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T20:07:41","indexId":"70000314","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting population trends of piscivorous seabirds in the Pribilof Islands: A 30-year perspective","docAbstract":"The Pribilof Islands provide nesting habitat for one of the largest concentrations of piscivorous seabirds in the North Pacific region. Pribilof breeding populations of black-legged and red-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla and Rissa brevirostris), and common and thick-billed murres (Uria aalge and Uria lomvia) are supported by a highly productive marine food web. Productivity and temperature in this area are influenced by winter sea ice that frequently reaches its maximum extent near the Pribilofs. Although St. George and St. Paul islands, the two largest of the Pribilof group, are situated only 60 km apart, St. George is within 25 km of the shelf break, but St. Paul is approximately 90 km away. In contrast, the local contribution of sea ice-edge productivity in the spring is frequently closer to St. Paul than to St. George. Central place foraging piscivorous seabirds nesting at St. Paul and St. George are likely differentially affected by the relative contributions of the shelf break and ice-edge environments based on juxtaposition. Within the past decade or so, sea ice in the Bering Sea has failed to reach the vicinity of the Pribilofs in some years, and predictions of warming in the future suggest the possibility that direct effects of the ice on the immediate Pribilof environment will be reduced. To evaluate the response of kittiwakes and murres on the two islands to conditions in their foraging environments, we examined population trends over the past 30 years based on data from the seabird monitoring program conducted by the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge and others. Spatial differences in trends have been more consistent than differences among species, with populations at St. Paul having more enduring declines than those at St. George. At St. George, black-legged kittiwakes and common murres have remained stable. Red-legged kittiwakes and thick-billed murres both declined, but began to rebound in the late 1980s, such that in 2005 population numbers for all four species at St. George were approximately equivalent to those observed in 1976. In contrast, at St. Paul Island, all four species have declined for most of this 30-year time series, with only black-legged kittiwakes showing increases in the past decade but still remaining far below 1976 numbers. Interestingly, rates of productivity for kittiwakes and for murres were similar between the two islands, suggesting similar responses to summer conditions and implicating differential mortality of post-fledging juveniles or adults from the two islands (i.e., if summer food stress was insufficient to cause differences in productivity, but sufficient to cause physiological consequences that reduced survival. Another possibility is immigration from St. Paul to St. George, probably by juveniles. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.004","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Byrd, G., Schmutz, J.A., and Renner, H., 2008, Contrasting population trends of piscivorous seabirds in the Pribilof Islands: A 30-year perspective: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 55, no. 16-17, p. 1846-1855, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.004.","startPage":"1846","endPage":"1855","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18785,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.004"}],"volume":"55","issue":"16-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62550e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrd, G.V.","contributorId":39320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renner, H.M.","contributorId":6173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renner","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000375,"text":"70000375 - 2008 - Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:32:18","indexId":"70000375","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers","docAbstract":"A number of investigations have shown that photoreduction of Fe(III) causes midday accumulations of dissolved Fe(II) in rivers and lakes, leading to large diel (24-h) fluctuations in the concentration and speciation of total dissolved iron. Less well appreciated is the importance of photoreduction in providing chemical energy for bacteria to thrive in low pH waters. Diel variations in water chemistry from the highly acidic (pH 2.3 to 3.1) Río Tinto, Río Odiel, and Río Agrio of southwestern Spain (Iberian Pyrite Belt) resulted in daytime increases in Fe(II) concentration of 15 to 66 µM at four diel sampling locations. Dissolved Fe(II) concentrations increased with solar radiation, and one of the stream sites showed an antithetic relationship between dissolved Fe(II) and Fe(III) concentrations; both results are consistent with photoreduction. The diel data were used to estimate rates of microbially catalyzed Fe(II) oxidation (1 to 3 nmol L− 1s− 1) and maximum rates of Fe(III) photoreduction (1.7 to 4.3 nmol L− 1s− 1). Bioenergetic calculations indicate that the latter rates are sufficient to build up a population of Fe-oxidizing bacteria to the levels observed in the Río Tinto in about 30 days. We conclude that photoreduction plays an important role in the bioenergetics of the bacterial communities of these acidic rivers, which have previously been shown to be dominated by autotrophic Fe(II)-oxidizers such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. Given the possibility of the previous existence of acidic, Fe(III)-rich water on Mars, photoreduction may be an important process on other planets, a fact that could have implications to astrobiological research.
Numerous studies have shown that a variety of manufactured and natural organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals, steroids, surfactants, flame retardants, fragrances, plasticizers and other chemicals often associated with wastewaters have been detected in the vicinity of municipal wastewater discharges and livestock agricultural facilities. To provide new data and insights about the environmental presence of some of these chemicals in untreated sources of drinking water in the United States targeted sites were sampled and analyzed for 100 analytes with sub-parts per billion detection capabilities. The sites included 25 ground- and 49 surface-water sources of drinking water serving populations ranging from one family to over 8 million people.
\nSixty-three of the 100 targeted chemicals were detected in at least one water sample. Interestingly, in spite of the low detection levels 60% of the 36 pharmaceuticals (including prescription drugs and antibiotics) analyzed were not detected in any water sample. The five most frequently detected chemicals targeted in surface water were: cholesterol (59%, natural sterol), metolachlor (53%, herbicide), cotinine (51%, nicotine metabolite), β-sitosterol (37%, natural plant sterol), and 1,7-dimethylxanthine (27%, caffeine metabolite); and in ground water: tetrachloroethylene (24%, solvent), carbamazepine (20%, pharmaceutical), bisphenol-A (20%, plasticizer), 1,7-dimethylxanthine (16%, caffeine metabolite), and tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (12%, fire retardant). A median of 4 compounds were detected per site indicating that the targeted chemicals generally occur in mixtures (commonly near detection levels) in the environment and likely originate from a variety of animal and human uses and waste sources. These data will help prioritize and determine the need, if any, for future occurrence, fate and transport, and health-effects research for subsets of these chemicals and their degradates most likely to be found in water resources used for drinking water in the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.021","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M., Kolpin, D., Barnes, K., Furlong, E., Meyer, M.T., Zaugg, S., Barber, L.B., and Thurman, M., 2008, A national reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States - II) Untreated drinking water sources: Science of the Total Environment, v. 402, no. 2-3, p. 201-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.021.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"216","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.607421875,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -95.2734375,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -92.724609375,\n 48.69096039092549\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 47.98992166741417\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 47.100044694025215\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 46.55886030311719\n ],\n [\n -84.72656249999999,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -83.3203125,\n 46.07323062540838\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -87.275390625,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -86.1328125,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -86.396484375,\n 43.51668853502909\n ],\n [\n -85.869140625,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -83.232421875,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -83.583984375,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 41.37680856570233\n ],\n [\n -79.98046875,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -78.662109375,\n 42.81152174509788\n ],\n [\n -78.75,\n 43.70759350405294\n ],\n [\n -76.640625,\n 44.08758502824518\n ],\n [\n -75.322265625,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -70.224609375,\n 45.767522962149904\n ],\n [\n -68.994140625,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -67.763671875,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -67.587890625,\n 45.767522962149904\n ],\n [\n -67.060546875,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -69.9609375,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -70.751953125,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -69.9609375,\n 41.11246878918086\n ],\n [\n -74.091796875,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -74.267578125,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 36.949891786813296\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 35.817813158696616\n ],\n [\n -76.728515625,\n 34.74161249883172\n ],\n [\n -78.486328125,\n 33.50475906922606\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 30.977609093348686\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 28.767659105691255\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 26.667095801104814\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 25.085598897064777\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 25.085598897064777\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 26.980828590472107\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 27.994401411046173\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -84.0234375,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -84.72656249999999,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -86.484375,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -88.76953125,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -91.58203125,\n 29.22889003019423\n ],\n [\n -93.515625,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 27.761329874505233\n ],\n [\n -97.470703125,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -98.96484375,\n 26.58852714730864\n ],\n [\n -99.580078125,\n 27.839076094777816\n ],\n [\n -100.986328125,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -102.568359375,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -103.18359375,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -104.501953125,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -105.029296875,\n 30.44867367928756\n ],\n [\n -106.34765625,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -108.19335937499999,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -108.19335937499999,\n 31.05293398570514\n ],\n [\n -110.74218749999999,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -114.9609375,\n 32.694865977875075\n ],\n [\n -117.59765625,\n 32.39851580247402\n ],\n [\n -117.861328125,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -120.32226562500001,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -122.34374999999999,\n 36.949891786813296\n ],\n [\n -123.74999999999999,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 42.81152174509788\n ],\n [\n -123.74999999999999,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 48.574789910928864\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -122.607421875,\n 48.980216985374994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.26904296875,\n 21.57571893245848\n ],\n [\n -158.09326171875,\n 21.616579336740603\n ],\n [\n -158.016357421875,\n 21.749295836732088\n ],\n [\n -157.8076171875,\n 21.53484700204879\n ],\n [\n -157.60986328125,\n 21.309846141087203\n ],\n [\n -157.85156249999997,\n 21.248422235627014\n ],\n [\n -157.928466796875,\n 21.32008096400822\n ],\n [\n -158.126220703125,\n 21.268899719967695\n ],\n [\n -158.26904296875,\n 21.57571893245848\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.17041015625,\n 18.47960905583197\n ],\n [\n -67.17041015625,\n 18.41707865866127\n ],\n [\n -67.2747802734375,\n 18.359739156553673\n ],\n [\n -67.1978759765625,\n 18.265869811558165\n ],\n [\n -67.1978759765625,\n 18.171949679910608\n ],\n [\n -67.2088623046875,\n 17.96305758238804\n ],\n [\n -67.093505859375,\n 17.95260646769184\n ],\n [\n -67.0440673828125,\n 17.978733095556183\n ],\n [\n -66.961669921875,\n 17.942154735291453\n ],\n [\n -66.873779296875,\n 17.96305758238804\n ],\n [\n -66.7529296875,\n 17.96828290799979\n ],\n [\n -66.632080078125,\n 17.96305758238804\n ],\n [\n -66.4892578125,\n 17.973508079068797\n ],\n [\n -66.357421875,\n 17.947380678685217\n ],\n [\n -66.33544921875,\n 17.983957957423037\n ],\n [\n -66.236572265625,\n 17.936928637549443\n ],\n [\n -66.0333251953125,\n 17.978733095556183\n ],\n [\n -65.8026123046875,\n 18.010079946089405\n ],\n [\n -65.7366943359375,\n 18.171949679910608\n ],\n [\n -65.5938720703125,\n 18.250219977065594\n ],\n [\n -65.643310546875,\n 18.375379094031814\n ],\n [\n -65.7366943359375,\n 18.396230138028827\n ],\n [\n -65.906982421875,\n 18.443135757230902\n ],\n [\n -66.13220214843749,\n 18.44834670293207\n ],\n [\n -66.42883300781249,\n 18.490028573953296\n ],\n [\n -66.478271484375,\n 18.44834670293207\n ],\n [\n -66.6815185546875,\n 18.505656663040533\n ],\n [\n -66.6925048828125,\n 18.46397859132042\n ],\n [\n -66.851806640625,\n 18.495238095433262\n ],\n [\n -66.91223144531249,\n 18.46918890441719\n ],\n [\n -67.1429443359375,\n 18.505656663040533\n ],\n [\n -67.17041015625,\n 18.47960905583197\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"402","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, K.K.","contributorId":99164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zaugg, S.D.","contributorId":82811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thurman, M.E.","contributorId":27176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70000350,"text":"70000350 - 2008 - Distribution and variability of redox zones controlling spatial variability of arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, southeastern Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000350","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and variability of redox zones controlling spatial variability of arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, southeastern Arkansas","docAbstract":"Twenty one of 118 irrigation water wells in the shallow (25-30??m thick) Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in the Bayou Bartholomew watershed, southeastern Arkansas had arsenic (As) concentrations (< 0.5 to 77????g/L) exceeding 10????g/L. Sediment and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed from the sites of the highest, median, and lowest concentrations of As in groundwater in the alluvial aquifers located at Jefferson County, Arkansas. A traditional five-step sequential extraction was performed to differentiate the exchangeable, carbonate, amorphous Fe and Mn oxide, organic, and hot HNO3-leachable fraction of As and other compounds in sediments. The Chao reagent (0.25??M hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 0.25??M HCl) removes amorphous Fe and Mn oxides and oxyhydroxides (present as coatings on grains and amorphous minerals) by reductive dissolution and is a measure of reducible Fe and Mn in sediments. The hot HNO3 extraction removes mostly crystalline metal oxides and all other labile forms of As. Significant total As (20%) is complexed with amorphous Fe and Mn oxides in sediments. Arsenic abundance is not significant in carbonates or organic matter. Significant (40-70????g/kg) exchangeable As is only present at shallow depth (0-1??m below ground surface). Arsenic is positively correlated to Fe extracted by Chao reagent (r = 0.83) and hot HNO3 (r = 0.85). Arsenic extracted by Chao reagent decreases significantly with depth as compared to As extracted by hot HNO3. Fe (II)/Fe (the ratio of Fe concentration in the extracts of Chao reagent and hot HNO3) is positively correlated (r = 0.76) to As extracted from Chao reagent. Although Fe (II)/Fe increases with depth, the relative abundance of reducible Fe decreases noticeably with depth. The amount of reducible Fe, as well as As complexed to amorphous Fe and Mn oxides and oxyhydroxides decreases with depth. Possible explanations for the decrease in reducible Fe and its complexed As with depth include historic flushing of As and Fe from hydrous ferric oxides (HFO) by microbially-mediated reductive dissolution and aging of HFO to crystalline phases. Hydrogeochemical data suggests that the groundwater in the area falls in the mildly reducing (suboxic) to relatively highly reducing (anoxic) zone, and points to reductive dissolution of HFO as the dominant As release mechanism. Spatial variability of gypsum solubility and simultaneous SO42- reduction with co-precipitation of As and sulfide is an important limiting process controlling the concentration of As in groundwater in the area. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.03.001","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Sharif, M., Davis, R., Steele, K., Kim, B., Hays, P., Kresse, T., and Fazio, J., 2008, Distribution and variability of redox zones controlling spatial variability of arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, southeastern Arkansas: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 99, no. 1-4, p. 49-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.03.001.","startPage":"49","endPage":"67","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18811,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.03.001"},{"id":203526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649370","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharif, M.U.","contributorId":106243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharif","given":"M.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, R.K.","contributorId":85307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, K.F.","contributorId":50270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, B.","contributorId":93173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hays, P.D.","contributorId":64682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kresse, T.M.","contributorId":107019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresse","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fazio, J.A.","contributorId":63135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fazio","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70000364,"text":"70000364 - 2008 - Magnetic monitoring of earth and space","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:15:56","indexId":"70000364","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3065,"text":"Physics Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic monitoring of earth and space","docAbstract":"