{"pageNumber":"2230","pageRowStart":"55725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70044699,"text":"70044699 - 2008 - Rocky XII -- The expansion of quarry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T11:49:48","indexId":"70044699","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":674,"text":"Aggregates Manager","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rocky XII -- The expansion of quarry","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aggregates Manager","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Randall Reilly","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2008, Rocky XII -- The expansion of quarry: Aggregates Manager, v. 13, no. 12.","startPage":"566","ipdsId":"IP-007398","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b05dede4b030b5198012e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70186983,"text":"70186983 - 2008 - A low intensity sampling method for assessing blue crab abundance at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge and preliminary results on the relationship of blue crab abundance to whooping crane winter mortality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T12:56:58","indexId":"70186983","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A low intensity sampling method for assessing blue crab abundance at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge and preliminary results on the relationship of blue crab abundance to whooping crane winter mortality","docAbstract":"<p>We sampled blue crabs (<i>Callinectes sapidus</i>) in marshes on the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas from 1997 to 2005 to determine whether whooping crane (<i>Grus americana</i>) mortality was related to the availability of this food source. For four years, 1997 - 2001, we sampled monthly from the fall through the spring. From these data, we developed a reduced sampling effort method that adequately characterized crab abundance and reduced the potential for disturbance to the cranes. Four additional years of data were collected with the reduced sampling effort methods. Yearly variation in crab numbers was high, ranging from a low of 0.1 crabs to a high of 3.4 crabs per 100-m transect section. Mortality among adult cranes was inversely related to crab abundance. We found no relationship between crab abundance and mortality among juvenile cranes, possibly as a result of a smaller population size of juveniles compared to adults.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the tenth North American crane workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Tenth North American Crane Workshop","conferenceDate":"February 7-10, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Zacatecas City, Mexico","language":"English","publisher":"North American Crane Working Group","isbn":"978-0-9659324-1-7","usgsCitation":"Pugesek, B.H., Baldwin, M., and Stehn, T., 2008, A low intensity sampling method for assessing blue crab abundance at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge and preliminary results on the relationship of blue crab abundance to whooping crane winter mortality, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the tenth North American crane workshop, Zacatecas City, Mexico, February 7-10, 2006, p. 13-24.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"24","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nacwg.org/proceedings10.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Aransas National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.79401397705078,\n              28.31103053533109\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.82645797729492,\n              28.310879406939335\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8265438079834,\n              28.311937301171934\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.83482646942137,\n              28.312050646358465\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.83504104614258,\n              28.319417824367616\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.85049057006836,\n              28.319191149578156\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.85031890869139,\n              28.30763009457864\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.91649436950684,\n              28.306874426315673\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.94473266601562,\n              28.301206743246425\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.95383071899414,\n              28.278457405039493\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.95563316345215,\n              28.27603858488307\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.9663619995117,\n              28.267874661343996\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.96739196777344,\n              28.26658954231915\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.98541641235352,\n              28.230524297478233\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.98773384094237,\n              28.217970429541072\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.98507308959961,\n              28.217214125291008\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.9828414916992,\n              28.215777132457806\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.96670532226561,\n              28.22137373237285\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.95314407348633,\n              28.222735023129758\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.94421768188477,\n              28.213961955975492\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.93374633789062,\n              28.205793280016117\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.92996978759766,\n              28.196111077410876\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.9352912902832,\n              28.190513153841668\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.94181442260742,\n              28.181737440463415\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.94765090942381,\n              28.175382163920304\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.954345703125,\n              28.170237139666323\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.95640563964844,\n              28.16357850569512\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.95280075073242,\n              28.16055171692132\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.9514274597168,\n              28.148897781040638\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.95571899414062,\n              28.142540554097838\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.96533203125,\n              28.137696699353725\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.96910858154297,\n              28.129219426569325\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.96945190429688,\n              28.116199452011337\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.96104049682617,\n              28.114231178748568\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.94387435913086,\n              28.11604804765835\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.92962646484375,\n              28.121952659013388\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.92018508911133,\n              28.12876526803016\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.91949844360352,\n              28.136637076933155\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.91366195678711,\n              28.134063664567808\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.90387725830077,\n              28.142994654250593\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.89563751220703,\n              28.152833018128792\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.89070224761963,\n              28.15642757945383\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.89121723175049,\n              28.157449169594575\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.89057350158691,\n              28.15937881326026\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.88881397247314,\n              28.161875947542647\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.88413619995117,\n              28.164486525634935\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.87538146972656,\n              28.171674744882836\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.85443878173828,\n              28.184234052922296\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.84499740600586,\n              28.189907955354983\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.83589935302734,\n              28.19535461838558\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.82568550109863,\n              28.202616403995826\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.82242393493652,\n              28.206095834710197\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.81349754333496,\n              28.215777132457806\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.80886268615721,\n              28.21940739285776\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.80294036865233,\n              28.222205634342462\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.79367065429688,\n              28.22954121652694\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.78182601928711,\n              28.23732999414773\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.77495956420898,\n              28.245042592248783\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.77641868591309,\n              28.24693284982961\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.78174018859863,\n              28.245118203195265\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.78508758544922,\n              28.244513314122553\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.78517341613768,\n              28.24965476188694\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.78757667541504,\n              28.258424894768147\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.7921257019043,\n              28.26371686728007\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.79521560668945,\n              28.26976451410629\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.79607391357422,\n              28.27513151316291\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.79710388183594,\n              28.278306230389017\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.80414199829102,\n              28.283143712770073\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.80740356445312,\n              28.287603072170942\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8071460723877,\n              28.294707428421205\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.80242538452148,\n              28.29810828219947\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.79701805114745,\n              28.303473852705274\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.79401397705078,\n              28.308385757473545\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.79401397705078,\n              28.31103053533109\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f725e7e4b0b7ea5451eed0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Folk, Martin J.","contributorId":82568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folk","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691673,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nesbitt, Stephen A.","contributorId":22827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nesbitt","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691674,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Pugesek, Bruce H.","contributorId":22668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugesek","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldwin, Michael J. 0000-0003-1939-5439 baldwinm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1939-5439","contributorId":3294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Michael J.","email":"baldwinm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehn, Thomas","contributorId":31295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehn","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":80923,"text":"fs20083005 - 2008 - Transport of water, carbon, and sediment through the Yukon River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-20T10:23:38","indexId":"fs20083005","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3005","displayTitle":"Transport of Water, Carbon, and Sediment Through the Yukon River Basin","title":"Transport of water, carbon, and sediment through the Yukon River Basin","docAbstract":"<p>In 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a water-quality study of the Yukon River. The Yukon River Basin (YRB), which encompasses 330,000 square miles in northwestern Canada and central Alaska (fig. 1), is one of the largest and most diverse ecosystems in North America. The Yukon River is more than 1,800 miles long and is one of the last great uncontrolled rivers in the world, and is essential to the eastern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea ecosystems, providing freshwater runoff, sediments, and nutrients (Brabets and others, 2000). Despite its remoteness, recent studies (Hinzman and others, 2005; Walvoord and Striegl, 2007) indicate the YRB is changing. These changes likely are in response to a warming trend in air temperature of 1.7i??C from 1951 to 2001 (Hartmann and Wendler, 2005). As a result of this warming trend, permafrost is thawing in the YRB, ice breakup occurs earlier on the main stem of the Yukon River and its tributaries, and timing of streamflow and movement of carbon and sediment through the basin is changing (Hinzman and others, 2005; Walvoord and Striegl, 2007). One of the most striking characteristics in the YRB is its seasonality. In the YRB, more than 75 percent of the annual streamflow runoff occurs during a five month period, May through September. This is important because streamflow determines when, where, and how much of a particular constituent will be transported. As an example, more than 95 percent of all sediment transported during an average year also occurs during this period (Brabets and others, 2000). During the other 7 months, streamflow, concentrations of sediment and other water-quality constituents are low and little or no sediment transport occurs in the Yukon River and its tributaries. Streamflow and water-quality data have been collected at more than 50 sites in the YRB (Dornblaser and Halm, 2006; Halm and Dornblaser, 2007). Five sites have been sampled more than 30 times and others have been sampled twice during peak- and low-flow conditions as part of synoptic sampling campaigns. Although the synoptic data do not provide a complete picture of water quality of a particular river through the year, the data do provide a snapshot of water-quality conditions at a particular time of year. Two constituents of interest are suspended sediment and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Suspended sediment is important because elevated concentrations can adversely affect aquatic life by obstructing fish gills, covering fish spawning sites, and altering habitat of benthic organisms. Metals and organic contaminants also tend to adsorb onto fine-grained sediment. Permafrost thawing has major implications for the carbon cycle. It is critical to understand the processes related to the transport of DOC to surface waters and how long-term climatic changes may alter these processes (Schuster and others, 2004).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20083005","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., and Schuster, P.F., 2008, Transport of water, carbon, and sediment through the Yukon River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3005, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083005.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"4","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3005.jpg"},{"id":367591,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3005/pdf/fs20083005.pdf"},{"id":10771,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -166,59 ], [ -166,70 ], [ -129,70 ], [ -129,59 ], [ -166,59 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626bdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70191297,"text":"70191297 - 2008 - Axial high topography and partial melt in the crust and mantle beneath the western Galápagos Spreading Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-03T15:53:44","indexId":"70191297","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Axial high topography and partial melt in the crust and mantle beneath the western Galápagos Spreading Center","docAbstract":"<p><span>The hot spot-influenced western Galápagos Spreading Center (GSC) has an axial topographic high that reaches heights of ∼700 m relative to seafloor depth ∼25 km from the axis. We investigate the cause of the unusual size of the axial high using a model that determines the flexural response to loads resulting from the thermal and magmatic structure of the lithosphere. The thermal structure simulated is appropriate for large amounts of cooling by hydrothermal circulation, which tends to minimize the amount of partial melt needed to explain the axial topography. Nonetheless, results reveal that the large axial high near 92°W requires that either the crust below the magma lens contains &gt;35% partial melt or that 20% melt is present in the lower crust and at least 3% in the mantle within a narrow column (&lt;∼10 km wide) extending to depths of 45–65 km. Because melt fractions &gt;35% in the crust are considered unreasonable, it is likely that much of the axial high region of the GSC is underlain by a narrow region of partially molten mantle of widths approaching those imaged seismically beneath the East Pacific Rise. A narrow zone of mantle upwelling and melting, driven largely by melt buoyancy, is a plausible explanation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008GC002100","usgsCitation":"Blacic, T.M., Ito, G., Shah, A.K., Canales, J.P., and Lin, J., 2008, Axial high topography and partial melt in the crust and mantle beneath the western Galápagos Spreading Center: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 9, no. 12, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002100.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-004410","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gc002100","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.2,\n              2.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2,\n              2.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2,\n              1.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.2,\n              1.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.2,\n              2.6\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d4a1abe4b05fe04cc4e10d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blacic, Tanya M.","contributorId":196897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blacic","given":"Tanya","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ito, Garrett","contributorId":67396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ito","given":"Garrett","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shah, Anjana K. 0000-0002-3198-081X ashah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":2297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Anjana","email":"ashah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Canales, Juan Pablo","contributorId":196896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canales","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"Pablo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lin, Jian","contributorId":16930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Jian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70196021,"text":"70196021 - 2008 - Workshop summary: Physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:11:40","indexId":"70196021","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1641,"text":"Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Workshop summary: Physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediment","docAbstract":"<p>A wide range of particle and pore scale phenomena, often coupled, determines the macro-scale response of gas-hydrate bearing sediment to changes in mechanical, thermal, or chemical conditions. Predicting this macro-scale response is critical for applications such as optimizing the production of methane from gas-hydrate deposits, or determining the role of gas hydrates in global carbon cycling and climate change.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Waite, W., and Santamarina, J., 2008, Workshop summary: Physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediment: Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter, v. 8, no. 4, p. 18-18.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/oil-and-gas/methane-hydrates/fire-in-the-ice"},{"id":352477,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/File%20Library/Research/Oil-Gas/methane%20hydrates/HMNewsFall08.pdf#page=18","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afefd6be4b0da30c1bfcaee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santamarina, J.C.","contributorId":50283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santamarina","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70196020,"text":"70196020 - 2008 - Investigating gas hydrate as a factor in accretionary margin frontal ridge slope failures and cold seep biogeochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T15:46:08","indexId":"70196020","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1641,"text":"Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating gas hydrate as a factor in accretionary margin frontal ridge slope failures and cold seep biogeochemistry","docAbstract":"<p>During August 2008, a research expedition (2008-007-PGC) was carried out offshore Vancouver Island on the northern Cascadia Margin (Figure 1) to study the role of gas hydrate in slope stability and cold seep biogeochemistry. The cruise was organized by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) as part of the Earth Science Sector, Natural Gas Hydrate Program, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). This international collaboration included McGill University, University of Victoria, the U.S. Geological Survey, Florida State University, and the U.S. Department of Energy. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Enkin, R., Esteban, L., Haacke, R., Hamilton, T., Hogg, M., Lapham, L., Middleton, G., Neelands, P., Pohlman, J., Riedel, M., Rose, K., Schlesinger, A., Standen, G., Stephenson, A., Taylor, S., Waite, W., and Wang, X., 2008, Investigating gas hydrate as a factor in accretionary margin frontal ridge slope failures and cold seep biogeochemistry: Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter, v. 8, no. 4, p. 9-12.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"12","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352471,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/oil-and-gas/methane-hydrates/fire-in-the-ice"},{"id":352472,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/File%20Library/Research/Oil-Gas/methane%20hydrates/HMNewsFall08.pdf#page=9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afefd6be4b0da30c1bfcaf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enkin, R.","contributorId":147402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Enkin","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esteban, L.","contributorId":9104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esteban","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haacke, R.","contributorId":40257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haacke","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, T.S.","contributorId":140949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13625,"text":"Dept. of Chemistry and Geoscience Camosun College, Victoria, B.C.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hogg, M.","contributorId":187665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hogg","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lapham, L.","contributorId":189178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lapham","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Middleton, G.","contributorId":176546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Middleton","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Neelands, P.","contributorId":150054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neelands","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pohlman, John W. jpohlman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John W.","email":"jpohlman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Riedel, M","contributorId":200386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riedel","given":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rose, K.","contributorId":43594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Schlesinger, A.","contributorId":99850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlesinger","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Standen, G.","contributorId":63697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Standen","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Stephenson, A.","contributorId":143673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephenson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Taylor, S.","contributorId":44455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Waite, W.","contributorId":24207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Wang, X.","contributorId":22076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70190424,"text":"70190424 - 2008 - Timing and patterns of basin infilling as documented in Lake Powell during a drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T14:30:15","indexId":"70190424","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing and patterns of basin infilling as documented in Lake Powell during a drought","docAbstract":"<p><span>Between 1999 and 2005, drought in the western United States led to a &gt;44 m fall in the level of Lake Powell (Arizona-Utah), the nation's second-largest reservoir. River discharges to the reservoir were halved, yet the rivers still incised the tops of deltas left exposed along the rim of the reservoir by the lake-level fall. Erosion of the deltas enriched the rivers in sediment such that upon entering the reservoir they discharged plunging subaqueous gravity flows, one of which was imaged acoustically. Repeat bathymetric surveys of the reservoir show that the gravity flows overtopped rockfalls and formed small subaqueous fans, locally raising sediment accumulation rates 10–100-fold. The timing of deep-basin deposition differed regionally across the reservoir with respect to lake-level change. Total mass of sediment transferred from the lake perimeter to its bottom equates to ~22 yr of river input.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G24733A.1","usgsCitation":"Pratson, L.F., Hughes-Clarke, J., Anderson, M., Gerber, T., Twitchell, D.C., Ferrari, R., Nittrouer, C.A., Beaudoin, J.D., Granet, J., and Crockett, J., 2008, Timing and patterns of basin infilling as documented in Lake Powell during a drought: Geology, v. 36, no. 11, p. 843-846, https://doi.org/10.1130/G24733A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"843","endPage":"846","ipdsId":"IP-009506","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Lake Powell","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.72821044921875,\n              36.80928470205937\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.951171875,\n              36.80928470205937\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.951171875,\n              38.166954767869875\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.72821044921875,\n              38.166954767869875\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.72821044921875,\n              36.80928470205937\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a7ced7e4b0fd9b77d092d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pratson, Lincoln F.","contributorId":105885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pratson","given":"Lincoln","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":7135,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":27331,"text":"Duke University, Durham, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes-Clarke, John","contributorId":41698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes-Clarke","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18889,"text":"University of New Brunswick","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Mark","contributorId":191653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerber, Thomas","contributorId":178814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerber","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12868,"text":"Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Twitchell, David C.","contributorId":139589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twitchell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":709082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ferrari, Ronald","contributorId":193459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrari","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nittrouer, Charles A.","contributorId":51218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nittrouer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13553,"text":"University of Washington-Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Beaudoin, Jonathan D.","contributorId":71436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaudoin","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18889,"text":"University of New Brunswick","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Granet, Jesse","contributorId":80937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granet","given":"Jesse","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Crockett, John","contributorId":23875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crockett","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":13553,"text":"University of Washington-Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":86140,"text":"ofr20081092 - 2008 - Fort Collins Science Center: Fiscal Year 2007 Accomplishments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T19:42:58","indexId":"ofr20081092","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1092","title":"Fort Collins Science Center: Fiscal Year 2007 Accomplishments","docAbstract":"In Fiscal Year 2007 (FY07), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) continued research vital to U.S. Department of the Interior science and management needs and associated USGS programmatic goals. FORT work also supported the science needs of other government agencies as well as private cooperators. Specifically, FORT scientific research and technical assistance focused on client and partner needs and goals in the areas of biological information management, fisheries and aquatic systems, invasive species, status and trends of biological resources, terrestrial ecosystems, and wildlife resources. In addition, FORT's 5-year strategic plan was refined to incorporate focus areas identified in the USGS strategic science plan, including ecosystem-landscape analysis, global climate change, and energy and mineral resource development. As a consequence, several science projects initiated in FY07 were either entirely new research dor amplifications of existing work.\r\n\r\nHighlights of FORT project\r\naccomplishments are described below under the USGS science program with which each task is most closely associated. The work of FORT's 6 branches (Aquatic Systems and Technology Applications, Ecosystem Dynamics, Information Science, Invasive Species Science, Policy Analysis and Science Assistance, and Species and Habitats of Federal Interest) often involves major partnerships with other agencies or cooperation with other USGS disciplines (Geology, Geography, Water Resources) and the Geospatial Information Office.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081092","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J., 2008, Fort Collins Science Center: Fiscal Year 2007 Accomplishments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1092, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081092.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d0e4b07f02db5466e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, J.T.","contributorId":97489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":86223,"text":"tm2A5 - 2008 - Herpetological Monitoring Using a Pitfall Trapping Design in Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:31","indexId":"tm2A5","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2-A5","title":"Herpetological Monitoring Using a Pitfall Trapping Design in Southern California","docAbstract":"The steps necessary to conduct a pitfall trapping survey for small terrestrial vertebrates are presented. Descriptions of the materials needed and the methods to build trapping equipment from raw materials are discussed. Recommended data collection techniques are given along with suggested data fields. Animal specimen processing procedures, including toe- and scale-clipping, are described for lizards, snakes, frogs, and salamanders. Methods are presented for conducting vegetation surveys that can be used to classify the environment associated with each pitfall trap array. Techniques for data storage and presentation are given based on commonly use computer applications. As with any study, much consideration should be given to the study design and methods before beginning any data collection effort.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 5 of Section A, Biological ScienceBook 2, Collection of Environmental Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/tm2A5","usgsCitation":"Fisher, R., Stokes, D., Rochester, C., Brehme, C., Hathaway, S., and Case, T., 2008, Herpetological Monitoring Using a Pitfall Trapping Design in Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 2-A5, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm2A5.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_2_a5.png"},{"id":11801,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm2a5/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68896f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Robert","contributorId":87239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stokes, Drew","contributorId":25257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"Drew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rochester, Carlton","contributorId":108209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochester","given":"Carlton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brehme, Cheryl","contributorId":93586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brehme","given":"Cheryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hathaway, Stacie","contributorId":45022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"Stacie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Case, Ted","contributorId":64752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"Ted","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70174206,"text":"70174206 - 2008 - Using climate information for fuels management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:31:37","indexId":"70174206","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-31T23:45:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5115,"text":"Climate Ecosystem Fire Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"CEFA Report 08-01","title":"Using climate information for fuels management","docAbstract":"<p>Climate has come to the forefront of wildfire discussions in recent years as research contributes to the general understanding of how climate influences fuels availability to burn, the occurrence of severe fire weather conditions and other wildfire parameters. This understanding has crossed over into wildfire management applications through the creation of tools like climate forecasts for wildfire and drought indices, which are now widely used in wildfire suppression and mitigation planning. The overall question is how can climate information help fire managers meet management objectives? Climate underlies weather. For example, a number of days could be generally wet, but that may occur in the context of a two-year overall drought. Knowing the baseline climate is not only critical to preventing escaped prescribed fires, but also how it may affect fire behavior, fire effects and whether or not fire managers will meet their fuels management objectives. Thus, for fire managers to use prescribed and WFU fire safely and effectively, and to minimize the number of escaped fires and conversions to suppression, they need to understand how current climate conditions will impact the use of fire. One example is the need to use prescribed fire under set &ldquo;burn windows&rdquo;. Since meteorological conditions vary considerably from year to year for a given day, fire managers will be more successful in utilizing burn windows effectively if they understand those climate thresholds conducive to an increased number of safe burn windows, and are able to predict and take advantage of those burn windows. While climate and wildfire has been studied extensively, climate and fire use has not. The initial goal of this project was to assess how climate impacts prescribed fire&nbsp;use in a more general sense. After a preliminary informal survey in the spring of 2003, we determined that 1) there is insufficient data (less than 10 years) to conduct empirical correlative studies similar to those of the relationships between climate and wildfire (e.g., Swetnam and Betancourt 1990), and 2) prescribed fire policy has many regulations that potentially inhibited the use of climate information for decision-making. It was also determined that because fire use is a human decision, it would be more informative to ask fire managers themselves how climate impacts fire use through their decision-making processes, and whether or not they use climate information for prescribed fire. The first task for this project was to complete a regional survey of prescribed fire managers in California and Nevada. During the second phase of the project, additional prescribed fire managers were surveyed across the country. During the third year a second survey of WFU managers was completed. The goals of these inquiries were to determine: 1) If fire managers use climate information for fuels management; 2) The perspective fire managers have towards climate affecting fuels management; 3) Determine any obstacles that make it difficult to use climate information for fuels management; and 4) Determine climate information managers need to help them make better decisions for fire use.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Desert Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Reno, NV","usgsCitation":"Kolden, C.A., and Brown, T.J., 2008, Using climate information for fuels management: Climate Ecosystem Fire Applications CEFA Report 08-01, 53 p.","productDescription":"53 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f30be4b07dd077c6ae3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolden, Crystal A.","contributorId":98610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolden","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Timothy J.","contributorId":172571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70217330,"text":"70217330 - 2008 - Persistent earthquake clusters and gaps from slip on irregular faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-15T21:22:13.624527","indexId":"70217330","displayToPublicDate":"2007-12-09T15:17:09","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistent earthquake clusters and gaps from slip on irregular faults","docAbstract":"<p><span>Earthquake-producing fault systems like the San Andreas fault in California show self-similar structural variation</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d71288e263\" title=\"Kagan, Y. Y. &amp; Knopoff, L. Spatial distribution of earthquakes: The two-point correlation function. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 62, 303–320 (1980).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo.2007.36#ref-CR1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo.2007.36#ref-CR1\">1</a></sup><span>; earthquakes cluster in space, leaving aseismic gaps between clusters. Whether gaps represent overdue earthquakes or signify diminished risk is a question with which seismic-hazard forecasters wrestle</span><sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d71288e267\" title=\"Kagan, Y. Y. &amp; Knopoff, L. Spatial distribution of earthquakes: The two-point correlation function. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 62, 303–320 (1980).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo.2007.36#ref-CR1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo.2007.36#ref-CR1\">1</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d71288e270\" title=\"McCann, W. R., Nishenko, S. P., Sykes, L. R. &amp; Krause, J. Seismic gaps and plate tectonics: Seismic potential for major boundaries. Pure Appl. Geophys. 117, 1082–1147 (1979).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo.2007.36#ref-CR2\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo.2007.36#ref-CR2\">2</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d71288e273\" title=\"Nishenko, S. P. Circum-Pacific seismic potential—1989–1999. Pure Appl. Geophys. 135, 169–259 (1991).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo.2007.36#ref-CR3\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 3\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo.2007.36#ref-CR3\">3</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d71288e276\" title=\"Kagan, Y. Y. &amp; Jackson, D. D. Seismic gap hypothesis: Ten years after. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 21419–21429 (1991).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo.2007.36#ref-CR4\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 4\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo.2007.36#ref-CR4\">4</a>,<a id=\"ref-link-section-d71288e279\" title=\"Rong, Y., Jackson, D. D. &amp; Kagan, Y. Y. Sesimic gaps and earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res.&nbsp;108 (2003) (doi:10.1029/2002JB002334).\" href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo.2007.36#ref-CR5\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\" aria-label=\"Reference 5\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo.2007.36#ref-CR5\">5</a></sup><span>. Here I use spectral analysis of the spatial distribution of seismicity along the San Andreas fault (for earthquakes that are at least 2 in magnitude), which reveals that it obeys a power-law relationship, indicative of self-similarity in clusters across a range of spatial scales. To determine whether the observed clustering of earthquakes is the result of a heterogeneous stress distribution, I use a finite-element method to simulate the motion of two rigid blocks past each other along a model fault surface that shows three-dimensional complexity on the basis of mapped traces of the San Andreas fault. The results indicate that long-term slip on the model fault generates a temporally stable, spatially variable distribution of stress that shows the same power-law relationship as the earthquake distribution. At the highest rates of San Andreas fault slip (40 mm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), stress patterns produced are stable over a minimum of 25,000 years before the model fault system evolves into a new configuration. These results suggest that although gaps are not immune to rupture propagation they are less likely to be nucleation sites for&nbsp;earthquakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1038/ngeo.2007.36","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., 2008, Persistent earthquake clusters and gaps from slip on irregular faults: Nature Geoscience, v. 1, p. 59-63, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo.2007.36.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382238,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.377879,37.830648],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.147647,34.024831],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.115058,34.019866],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.048611,33.915775],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.575636,33.996009],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.825865,34.059794],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.403613,34.050442],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.362251,34.073056],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.346946,34.046576],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.57516,33.033961],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.559171,33.006291],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.379968,32.824545],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.382037,33.409883],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134768,34.268965],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.520465,33.827778],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.560552,33.518272],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.502871,33.011153],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.236239,32.671353],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25257,32.752949],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.26107,32.803148],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.27387,32.851447],[-117.26497,32.848947],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25167,32.874346],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.328359,33.121842],[-117.362572,33.168437],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.607905,33.406317],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.691984,33.456627],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.814188,33.552224],[-117.840289,33.573523],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-117.940591,33.620021],[-118.000593,33.654319],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.207476,33.716905],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.385006,33.741417],[-118.396606,33.735917],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.405007,33.800215],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.482729,33.995912],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.543115,34.038508],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.609652,34.036424],[-118.668358,34.038887],[-118.706215,34.029383],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.928048,34.045847],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.004644,34.066231],[-119.037494,34.083111],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.109784,34.094566],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.18864,34.139005],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.257043,34.213304],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.290945,34.274902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.337475,34.290576],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.42777,34.353016],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.638864,34.415696],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.688167,34.412497],[-119.684666,34.408297],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.729369,34.395897],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.835771,34.415796],[-119.853771,34.407996],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-119.925227,34.433931],[-119.956433,34.435288],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.038828,34.463434],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.25777,34.467451],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60197,34.692095],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.614852,34.730709],[-120.62632,34.738072],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.616296,34.816308],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.616325,34.866739],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.63999,35.002963],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.651134,35.147768],[-120.662475,35.153357],[-120.675074,35.153061],[-120.698906,35.171192],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.754823,35.174701],[-120.756086,35.160459],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.778998,35.168897],[-120.786076,35.177666],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.143561,35.606046],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.289794,35.689428],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.439584,35.86695],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.461227,35.896906],[-121.472435,35.91989],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.531876,36.014368],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.590395,36.050363],[-121.592853,36.065062],[-121.606845,36.072065],[-121.618672,36.087767],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.779851,36.227407],[-121.797059,36.234211],[-121.813734,36.234235],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.874797,36.289064],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.894714,36.317806],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.938763,36.506423],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.942533,36.566435],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.970427,36.582754],[-121.941666,36.618059],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.923866,36.634559],[-121.890164,36.609259],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.807062,36.714157],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.809363,36.848654],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.95167,36.97145],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.155078,36.98085],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.252181,37.059448],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.337833,37.135936],[-122.359791,37.155574],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.390599,37.182988],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.407181,37.219465],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.423286,37.392542],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.493789,37.492341],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.519533,37.537302],[-122.513688,37.552239],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.496784,37.686433],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.463793,37.804653],[-122.407452,37.811441],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.370411,37.717572],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.358583,37.611155],[-122.373309,37.613773],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.155686,37.501198],[-122.140142,37.507907],[-122.127706,37.500053],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.145378,37.600846],[-122.152905,37.640771],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.253753,37.761218],[-122.293996,37.770416],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.33555,37.799538],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.310477,37.873938],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.32373,37.905845],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.35711,37.908791],[-122.367582,37.903882],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.39049,37.922535],[-122.413725,37.937262],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.415361,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.361905,37.989991],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.366273,38.141467],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.403514,38.150624],[-122.409798,38.136231],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.454958,38.118887],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.499465,38.032165],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.481466,38.007621],[-122.462812,38.003367],[-122.452995,37.996167],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.456595,37.978823],[-122.471975,37.981768],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.48572,37.937589],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.471975,37.910427],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.458558,37.894064],[-122.448413,37.89341],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.462158,37.868866],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.584289,37.859227],[-122.60129,37.875126],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.682171,37.90645],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.766138,37.938004],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.797405,37.976657],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.856573,38.016717],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.960889,38.112962],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.965408,38.187113],[-122.968112,38.202428],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.967203,38.250691],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-122.986319,38.273164],[-123.002911,38.295708],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068437,38.33521],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.287156,38.540223],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.398166,38.647044],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.461291,38.717001],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.579856,38.802835],[-123.58638,38.802857],[-123.605317,38.822765],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.71054,38.91323],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.729053,38.956667],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.6969,39.004401],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.693969,39.057363],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.721505,39.125327],[-123.737913,39.143442],[-123.742221,39.164885],[-123.765891,39.193657],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.803081,39.291747],[-123.811387,39.312825],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.838089,39.752409],[-123.839797,39.795637],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.056408,40.024305],[-124.068908,40.021307],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.320912,40.226617],[-124.327691,40.23737],[-124.34307,40.243979],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.363634,40.276212],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.362796,40.350046],[-124.365357,40.374855],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.391496,40.407047],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.383224,40.499852],[-124.387023,40.504954],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.118147,40.989263],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.138217,41.054342],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.154513,41.087159],[-124.160556,41.099011],[-124.159065,41.121957],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.149674,41.140845],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.092404,41.553615],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.097385,41.585251],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.114413,41.616768],[-124.120225,41.640354],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.23972,41.7708],[-124.248704,41.771459],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.245027,41.7923],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.204948,41.983441],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.289533,42.007764]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Tom 0000-0002-0582-4338","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":22056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70205145,"text":"70205145 - 2008 - CO2‐induced suppression of transpiration cannot explain increasing runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-04T17:12:03","indexId":"70205145","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-29T17:08:44","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"CO<sub>2</sub>‐induced suppression of transpiration cannot explain increasing runoff","title":"CO2‐induced suppression of transpiration cannot explain increasing runoff","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6925","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., 2008, CO2‐induced suppression of transpiration cannot explain increasing runoff: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 2, p. 311-314, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6925.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"314","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":80650,"text":"sir20065156 - 2008 - Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 17. Geomorphology of the Red River Valley, Taos County, New Mexico, and influence on ground-water flow in the shallow alluvial aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T19:15:00.947517","indexId":"sir20065156","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5156","displayTitle":"Questa Baseline and Pre-Mining Ground-Water Quality Investigation. 17. Geomorphology of the Red River Valley, Taos County, New Mexico, and Influence on Ground-Water Flow in the Shallow Alluvial Aquifer","title":"Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 17. Geomorphology of the Red River Valley, Taos County, New Mexico, and influence on ground-water flow in the shallow alluvial aquifer","docAbstract":"<p>In April 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) began a cooperative study to infer the pre-mining ground-water chemistry at the Molycorp molybdenum mine site in the Red River Valley of north-central New Mexico. This report is one in a series of reports that can be used to determine pre-mining ground-water conditions at the mine site. Molycorp’s Questa molybdenum mine in the Red River Valley, northern New Mexico, is located near the margin of the Questa caldera in a highly mineralized region.</p><p>The bedrock of the Taos Range surrounding the Red River is composed of Proterozoic rocks of various types, which are intruded and overlain by Oligocene volcanic rocks associated with the Questa caldera. Locally, these rocks were altered by hydrothermal activity. The alteration zones that contain sulfide minerals are particularly important because they constitute the commercial ore bodies of the region and, where exposed to weathering, form sites of rapid erosion referred to as alteration scars. Over the past thousand years, if not over the entire Holocene, erosion rates were spatially variable. Forested hillslopes eroded at about 0.04 millimeter per year, whereas alteration scars eroded at about 2.7 millimeters per year. The erosion rate of the alteration scars is unusually rapid for naturally occurring sites that have not been disturbed by humans. Watersheds containing large alteration scars delivered more sediment to the Red River Valley than the Red River could remove. Consequently, large debris fans, as much as 80 meters thick, developed within the valley.</p><p>The geomorphology of the Red River Valley has had several large influences on the hydrology of the shallow alluvial aquifer, and those influences were in effect before the onset of mining within the watershed.&nbsp; Several reaches where alluvial ground water emerges to become Red River streamflow were observed by a tracer dilution study conducted in 2001. The aquifer narrows where erosion-resistant bedrock, which tends to form vertical cliffs, restricts the width of the valley bottom.&nbsp; Although the presence of a shallow bedrock sill, overlain by shallow alluvium, is a plausible cause of ground-water emergence, this cause was not demonstrated in the study area. The water-table gradient can locally decrease in the downstream direction because of changes in the hydraulic properties of the alluvium, and this may be a contributing cause of ground-water emergence. However, at one site (near Cabin Springs), ground-water emergence could not be explained by spatial changes in geometric or hydraulic properties of the aquifer. Furthermore, the available evidence demonstrates that ground water flowing through bedrock fractures or colluvium entered the north side of the alluvial aquifer, and is the cause of ground-water emergence. At that location the alluvial aquifer was already flowing full, causing the excess water to emerge into the stream.</p><p>An indirect consequence of altered rock in the tributary watersheds is the rapid erosion rate of alteration scars combined with the hydraulic properties of sediments shed from those scars.&nbsp; Where alteration scars are large the debris fans at the mouths of the tributary watersheds substantially encroach into the Red River Valley. At such locations debris-fan materials dominate the width and thickness of the alluvium in the valley and reduce the rate of flow of ground water within the Red River alluvial aquifer.&nbsp; Most sites of groundwater emergence are located immediately upstream from or along the margins of debris fans. A substantial fraction of the ground water approaching a debris fan can emerge to become streamflow. This last observation has three implications. First, very little water can flow the entire length of the study area entirely within the alluvial aquifer because the ground water repeatedly contacts debris-fan sediments over that length. Second, it follows that emerging water containing unique elemental constituents must have entered the alluvial aquifer at a relatively short distance upstream. Third, a gravel aquifer downstream from a large debris fan can transmit more ground water than flows into it through the debris fan. This observation explains how the water table can be naturally, and permanently, located well beneath the level of the bed of a perennial stream.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065156","isbn":"9781411318731","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Mexico Environment Department","usgsCitation":"Vincent, K.R., 2008, Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 17. Geomorphology of the Red River Valley, Taos County, New Mexico, and influence on ground-water flow in the shallow alluvial aquifer (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5156, Report: vi, 51 p.; 1 Plate: 44.61 x 22.89 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065156.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 51 p.; 1 Plate: 44.61 x 22.89 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192298,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11851,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463442,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84603.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Taos County","otherGeospatial":"Red River Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.58333333333333,36.65 ], [ -105.58333333333333,36.766666666666666 ], [ -105.36666666666666,36.766666666666666 ], [ -105.36666666666666,36.65 ], [ -105.58333333333333,36.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vincent, Kirk R.","contributorId":64735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vincent","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70198272,"text":"70198272 - 2008 - The 1994–present eruption of Popocatépetl volcano: Background, current activity, and impacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T09:16:10","indexId":"70198272","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1994–present eruption of Popocatépetl volcano: Background, current activity, and impacts","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.003","usgsCitation":"Delgados Granados, H., De la Cruz-Reyna, S., and Tilling, R.I., 2008, The 1994–present eruption of Popocatépetl volcano: Background, current activity, and impacts: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 170, no. 1-2, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.003.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Popocatepetl Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.68675231933594,\n              18.977727312447804\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.68675231933594,\n              19.073799352002716\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.55422973632812,\n              19.073799352002716\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.55422973632812,\n              18.977727312447804\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.68675231933594,\n              18.977727312447804\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"170","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98bea5e4b0702d0e84578c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delgados Granados, Hugo","contributorId":32439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delgados Granados","given":"Hugo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De la Cruz-Reyna, Servando","contributorId":67650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De la Cruz-Reyna","given":"Servando","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":740832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70161193,"text":"70161193 - 2008 - Bleaching increases likelihood of disease on Acropora palmatao (Lamarck) in Hawksnest Bay, St John, US Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-01T20:32:08.023595","indexId":"70161193","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Bleaching increases likelihood of disease on <i>Acropora palmata</i> (Lamarck) in Hawksnest Bay, St John, US Virgin Islands","title":"Bleaching increases likelihood of disease on Acropora palmatao (Lamarck) in Hawksnest Bay, St John, US Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>Anomalously high water temperatures may enhance the likelihood of coral disease outbreaks by increasing the abundance or virulence of pathogens, or by increasing host susceptibility. This study tested the compromised-host hypothesis, and documented the relationship between disease and temperature, through monthly monitoring of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Acropora palmata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>colonies from May 2004 to December 2006, in Hawksnest Bay, St John, US Virgin Islands (USVI). Disease prevalence and the rate of change in prevalence showed a positive linear relationship with water temperature and rate of change in water temperature, respectively, but only in 2005 during prolonged periods of elevated temperature. Both bleached and unbleached colonies showed a positive relationship between disease prevalence and temperature in 2005, but the average area of disease-associated mortality increased only for bleached corals, indicating host susceptibility, rather than temperature per se, influenced disease severity on<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. palmata</i>.</p></div></div><div id=\"cobranding-and-download-availability-text\" class=\"note test-pdf-link\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00338-007-0310-2","usgsCitation":"Muller, E.M., Rogers, C.S., Spitzack, A.S., and van Woesik, R., 2008, Bleaching increases likelihood of disease on Acropora palmatao (Lamarck) in Hawksnest Bay, St John, US Virgin Islands: Coral Reefs, v. 27, no. 1, p. 191-195, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-007-0310-2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"195","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virgin Islands","otherGeospatial":"Hawksnest Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -64.78579759597778,\n              18.34558460634211\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.77661371231079,\n              18.34558460634211\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.77661371231079,\n              18.35409784176567\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.78579759597778,\n              18.35409784176567\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.78579759597778,\n              18.34558460634211\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568cf73ce4b0e7a44bc0f134","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muller, E. M.","contributorId":23778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":585145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Caroline S. 0000-0001-9056-6961 caroline_rogers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-6961","contributorId":3126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Caroline","email":"caroline_rogers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":585146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spitzack, Anthony S.","contributorId":86578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spitzack","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":585147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Woesik, R.","contributorId":40820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Woesik","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":585148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":80245,"text":"ds265 - 2008 - Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay, version 2, 1989 - 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T14:30:34.620511","indexId":"ds265","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"265","title":"Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay, version 2, 1989 - 1996","docAbstract":"<p>Time-series photographs of the sea floor were obtained from an instrumented tripod deployed in western Massachusetts Bay at LT-A (42° 22.6' N, 70° 47.0' W; nominal water depth of 32 m; fig. 1) from December 1989 through September 2005. The photographs provide time-series observations of physical changes of the sea floor, near-bottom water turbidity, and life on the sea floor. Several reports present these photographs in digital form (table 1). This report, U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 265, Version 2.0, contains the photographs obtained from December 1989 to October 1996, adding to (and replacing) Version 1 of Data Series 265 (Butman and others, 2007a) that contained photographs from 1989 through 1993. Data Series 266 (Butman and others, 2008b) contains photographs obtained from October 1996 through September 2005. The photographs are published in separate reports because the data files are too large for distribution on a single DVD. These reports present the photographs, originally collected on 35-mm film, in digital form to enable easy viewing and to provide a medium-resolution digital archive. The photographs, obtained every 4 or every 6 hours, are presented as individual photographs (in .png format) and as a movie (in .avi format).</p><p><br></p><p>The time-series photographs taken at LT-A were collected as part of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) study to understand the transport and fate of sediments and associated contaminants in Massachusetts Bay and Cape Cod Bay (Bothner and Butman, 2007). This long-term study was carried out by the USGS in partnership with the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) (https://www.mwra.state.ma.us/) and with logistical support from the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG). Long-term oceanographic observations help to identify the processes causing bottom sediment resuspension and transport and provide data for developing and testing numerical models. The observations document seasonal and interannual changes in currents, hydrography, suspended-matter concentration, and the importance of infrequent catastrophic events, such as major storms, in sediment resuspension and transport. LT-A is approximately 1 km south of the ocean outfall that began discharging treated sewage effluent from the Boston metropolitan area into Massachusetts Bay in September 2000. See Butman and others (2004d) for a description of the oceanographic measurements at LT-A, and Butman and others (2007c) and Warner and others (2008) for discussion of sediment transport in Massachusetts Bay.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds265","isbn":"9781411319790","usgsCitation":"Butman, B., Dalyander, P., Bothner, M., and Lange, W.N., 2008, Time-series photographs of the sea floor in western Massachusetts Bay, version 2, 1989 - 1996 (Version 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 265, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds265.","productDescription":"HTML Document","temporalStart":"1989-01-01","temporalEnd":"1993-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-004260","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192221,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds265.png"},{"id":292758,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/pubs/ds-265V2/WEBPAGES/intro.html"},{"id":10954,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/pubs/ds-265V2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395731,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81624.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.7847,\n              42.3750\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7819,\n              42.3750\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7819,\n              42.3778\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7847,\n              42.3778\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7847,\n              42.3750\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 2.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af1e4b07f02db6917b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalyander, P. Soupy 0000-0001-9583-0872","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-0872","contributorId":65177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalyander","given":"P. Soupy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lange, William N.","contributorId":42306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lange","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":80043,"text":"twri09A6.0 - 2008 - Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General information and guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":80043,"text":"twri09A6.0 - 2008 - Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General information and guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties","indexId":"twri09A6.0","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General Information and Guidelines for Field-Measured Water-Quality Properties","title":"Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General information and guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70246536,"text":"tm9A6.0 - 2023 - Guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties","indexId":"tm9A6.0","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70246536,"text":"tm9A6.0 - 2023 - Guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties","indexId":"tm9A6.0","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-10T17:30:42.345894","indexId":"twri09A6.0","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"09-A6.0","displayTitle":"Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General Information and Guidelines for Field-Measured Water-Quality Properties","title":"Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General information and guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties","docAbstract":"<p>This report summarizes information, guidelines, and minimum requirements that apply generally to the seven field-measurement sections that comprise the rest of Chapter A6 of this U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (NFM). Protocols are specified for establishing and maintaining data records, use of field-measurement instruments and methods, and quality assurance of data-collection and reporting methods that are relevant to surface-water and ground-water field-measurement activities. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.'</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/twri09A6.0","usgsCitation":"Wilde, F.D., 2008, Chapter A6. Section 6.0. General information and guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties (Version 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09-A6.0, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A6.0.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363698,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm9A0","text":"Techniques and Methods 9-A0","linkHelpText":"- General Introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data”"},{"id":362918,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a60/twri9a6_Chapter6.0v2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TWRI 9A06","linkHelpText":"General Information and Guidelines"},{"id":363171,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a60/twri9a6_section6.0.pdf","text":"Report Section 6.0 Version 1.1, July 2003","size":"218 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- General Information and Guidelines"},{"id":363170,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a60/twri9a6_final508Chapter6.0.pdf","text":"Report Section 6.0 Version 1.2, August 2005","size":"582 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- General Information and Guidelines"},{"id":191080,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a60/coverthb2.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 2.0","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources?qt-mission_areas_l2_landing_page_ta=0#qt-mission_areas_l2_landing_page_ta\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources?qt-mission_areas_l2_landing_page_ta=0#qt-mission_areas_l2_landing_page_ta\">Water Mission Area</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>Reston, VA 20192</p><p>Email: <a href=\"nfm@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"nfm@usgs.gov\">nfm@usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>6.0 Guidelines for Field-Measured Water-Quality Properties</li><li>Selected References</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e599e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilde, Franceska D. fwilde@usgs.gov","contributorId":92240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"Franceska","email":"fwilde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70236961,"text":"70236961 - 2008 - GIS technology and models for assessing landslide hazard and risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-23T13:23:01.304128","indexId":"70236961","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-14T08:19:39","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GIS technology and models for assessing landslide hazard and risk","docAbstract":"<p><span>Advances in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology and the mathematical/statistical tools for modelling and simulation have led to the growing application of quantitative techniques in many areas of the earth sciences. Few disciplines have embraced these developments more enthusiastically than the study of landslide hazards. Because the shape of the land surface plays a fundamental role in landslide processes, much of this new work has been driven by the increasing availability of digital elevation models (DEMs) and the software to manipulate them. As a result, investigators worldwide are devising spatial models to forecast slope instability in efforts to keep landslide hazards from becoming landslide disasters. The methods range from empirical and heuristic to statistical and physically-based. Despite nearly a quarter-century of progress, e.g. since&nbsp;</span>Carrara (1983)<span>, and a veritable “cottage industry” of current DEM-based hazard mapping, many of these spatial predictions either are based on unsuitable data or are not properly modelled.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.042","usgsCitation":"Carrara, A., and Pike, R.J., 2008, GIS technology and models for assessing landslide hazard and risk: Geomorphology, v. 94, no. 3-4, p. 257-260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.042.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"260","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407258,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrara, A.","contributorId":205571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carrara","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pike, Richard J. rpike@usgs.gov","contributorId":5753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"Richard","email":"rpike@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":852820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70225721,"text":"sir20075151 - 2008 - Physicochemical properties and chemical characteristics of water, bed sediment, and mussel tissue from selected streams near the Redleg and Peason Ridge impact areas, Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, June 2001 - November 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T17:08:38.704373","indexId":"sir20075151","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:54:36","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5151","displayTitle":"Physicochemical properties and chemical characteristics of water, bed sediment, and mussel tissue from selected streams near the Redleg and Peason Ridge impact areas, Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, June 2001—November 2003","title":"Physicochemical properties and chemical characteristics of water, bed sediment, and mussel tissue from selected streams near the Redleg and Peason Ridge impact areas, Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, June 2001 - November 2003","docAbstract":"<p>At the request of the U.S. Army Joint Readiness Training Center and Fort Polk, the U.S. Geological Survey collected and analyzed water, bed-sediment, and mussel-tissue samples from selected streams near the Redleg impact area (RIA) and Peason Ridge impact areas (PRIA) at the Fort Polk Military Reservation (Reservation), Louisiana. from June 2001 through November 2003. Samples were collected from 13 sites, including 2 reference sites. Water was analyzed for physicochemical properties; water and bed sediment were analyzed for major inorganic ions, cyanide, perchlorate, trace elements, total organic carbon, nutrients, and explosive compounds; and mussel tissue from three sites was analyzed for explosive compounds only. The two reference sites, one near the RIA and one near the PRIA, were selected to provide baseline data for these areas.</p><p>Streams near the RIA were acidic and low in buffering capacity. with pH measurements ranging from 5.0 to 6.6. Cation concentrations were less than or equal to E3.3J mg/L (E, estimated; J, method blank contamination; milligrams per liter), and anion concentrations were less than or equal to E7.3 mg/L. Field measurements and major inorganic ions concentrations were similar to the RIA reference site and to previously sampled nearby streams, indicating streams near the RIA were typical of streams near the eastern part of the Main Post.</p><p>Streams near the PRIA were slightly acidic to neutral and low in buffering capacity, with pH measurements ranging from 5.7 to 6.9. Cation concentrations were less than or equal to 6.2 mg/L, and anion concentrations were less than or equal to 16 mg/L. Streams near the PRIA were higher than the RIA for most physicochemical properties and constituents, hut typical of streams near the headwaters of the Calcasieu River. All concentrations of sulfate, chloride, and fluoride were less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Secondary Drinking-Water Regulations (SDWR) of 250, 250, and 2.0 mg/L, respectively.</p><p>Concentrations of cations calcium, magnesium. and potassium for sites near both the RIA and PRIA were higher in depositional bed-sediment samples than in bulk samples. Higher cation concentrations were likely due to higher clay and organic content in the depositional samples.</p><p>The trace elements detected in the highest concentrations in water and bed sediment were aluminum, iron, and manganese. All aluminum concentrations in water were within the range or greater than the USEPA SDWR range from 50 to 200 ug/L (micrograms per liter). All but four iron concentrations in water exceeded the SDWR. Manganese concentrations in seven water samples at the RIA sites and four samples at the PRIA sites were greater than the SDWR. These concentrations of cations were consistent with soil characteristics and low pH measurements of stream water and rainfall in the area. All other trace-element concentrations in water were less than regulatory guidelines and regulations except the USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level Goal of 0 ug/L for arsenic and lead and 0.5 u/L for thallium. Arsenic, lead, and thallium concentrations were similar to those detected in blank samples or those reported for the reference sites.</p><p>The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) has established bed-sediment guidelines for seven trace elements: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc. No concentrations exceeded the CCME Probable Effect Level, and only one arsenic concentration of 8.87 mg/kg (milligrams per kilogram), in a depositional sample from one of the RIA sites, exceeded the CCME Interim Sediment Quality Guideline of 5.9 mg/kg.</p><p>The median concentrations of total organic carbon in water were 5.3 mg/L at the RIA and 4.0 mg/L at the PRIA, and both concentrations were less than the average dissolved organic carbon concentration of 5.75 mg/L for all world rivers. All detected nutrient concentrations in water were less than USEPA guidelines and regulations. The largest nutrient concentrations in water and bed-sediment samples were total organic nitrogen, measured as total Kjeldahl nitrogen; they included a maximum concentration of 0.53 mg/L in water at the RIA sites, E0.38 mg/L in water at the PRIA sites, 294 mg/kg in hulk bed sediment. and 1,740 mg/kg in depositional bed sediment.</p><p>Four explosive compounds, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5- triazine), and tetryl, were detected in water near the RIA; one compound, HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7- tetrazocine), was detected in bed sediment near the PRIA; and one compound, nitroglycerin, was detected in mussel tissue near the RIA. The most frequently detected explosive compound, RDX, was detected in 10 water samples from 5 sites near the RIA. Concentrations of explosive compounds in water were less than USEPA Health Advisories available for reference.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075151","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Army Joint Readiness Training Center and Fort Polk","usgsCitation":"Tollett, R.W., and Fendick, R., 2008, Physicochemical properties and chemical characteristics of water, bed sediment, and mussel tissue from selected streams near the Redleg and Peason Ridge impact areas, Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, June 2001 - November 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5151, vii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075151.","productDescription":"vii, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394192,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5151/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394193,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5151/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Fort Polk Military Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.240966796875,\n              30.981141277396976\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.85232543945312,\n              30.981141277396976\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.85232543945312,\n              31.149356922488074\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.240966796875,\n              31.149356922488074\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.240966796875,\n              30.981141277396976\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.36593627929688,\n              31.316687991715057\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.17779541015624,\n              31.316687991715057\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.17779541015624,\n              31.439208864183147\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.36593627929688,\n              31.439208864183147\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.36593627929688,\n              31.316687991715057\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tollett, Roland W. 0000-0002-4726-5845 rtollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4726-5845","contributorId":1896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollett","given":"Roland","email":"rtollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fendick, Robert B. Jr. rfendick@usgs.gov","contributorId":1313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fendick","given":"Robert B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rfendick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":826401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":77409,"text":"sir20065101D - 2008 - Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in the Willamette River basin and surrounding area, Oregon and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T21:03:48.326816","indexId":"sir20065101D","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5101","chapter":"D","title":"Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in the Willamette River basin and surrounding area, Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"This report describes the effects of urbanization on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of stream ecosystems in 28 watersheds along a gradient of urbanization in the Willamette River basin and surrounding area, Oregon and Washington, from 2003 through 2005. The study that generated the report is one of several urban-effects studies completed nationally by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Watersheds were selected to minimize natural variability caused by factors such as geology, elevation, and climate, and to maximize coverage of different stages of urban development among watersheds. Because land use or population density alone often are not a complete measure of urbanization, a combination of land use, land cover, infrastructure, and socioeconomic variables were integrated into a multimetric urban intensity index (UII) to represent the degree of urban development in each watershed. Physical characteristics studied include stream hydrology, stream temperature, and habitat; chemical characteristics studied include sulfate, chloride, nutrients, pesticides, dissolved and particulate organic and inorganic carbon, and suspended sediment; and biological characteristics studied include algal, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblages. Semipermeable membrane devices, passive samplers that concentrate trace levels of hydrophobic organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls, also were used. The objectives of the study were to (1) examine physical, chemical, and biological responses along the gradient of urbanization and (2) determine the major physical, chemical, and landscape variables affecting the structure of aquatic communities.\r\n\r\nCommon effects documented in the literature of urbanization on instream physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, such as increased contaminants, increased streamflow flashiness, increased concentrations of chemicals, and changes in aquatic community structure toward a more tolerant community associated with organically enriched conditions, generally were observed in this study. The strongest correlations to the UII and to many of the algal, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblage metrics and community ordination involved water-chemistry metrics including the total pesticide concentration, toxic equivalents (extract assay from semipermeable membrane devices), and dissolved oxygen. Hydrologic variability metrics, such as flashiness, that normally are considered to be one of the main processes of urban disturbance had a strong association to the algal and fish assemblages in this study; however, the hydrologic variables for macroinvertebrates were secondary to the water-chemistry metrics mentioned above. Generally, the high urban intensity sites had high abundances of eutrophic and lower dissolved oxygen-indicating diatoms, high abundances of noninsects and tolerant insects, and high abundances of nonnative fish species. On the other hand, the low urban intensity sites had higher abundances of pollution sensitive diatoms, larger numbers of the sensitive macroinvertebrate EPT taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera Orders), and fish assemblages with higher abundances of sensitive salmonids. The percent salmonid and macroinvertebrate EPT richness metrics plotted against the UII indicated a possible threshold response at about 25 on the UII, which is equivalent to an impervious surface value of about 5 percent. However, due to the added agricultural land use at sites within the 25 to 60 UII range, this possible threshold probably is not solely due to urbanization, but a combination of urban and agricultural land use. The effects of agricultural and urban land use could not be distinguished from each other, yet combined they provide a good assessment of overall watershed disturbance.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in six metropolitan areas of the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065101D","usgsCitation":"Waite, I.R., Sobieszczyk, S., Carpenter, K., Arnsberg, A.J., Johnson, H.M., Hughes, C.A., Sarantou, M.J., and Rinella, F., 2008, Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in the Willamette River basin and surrounding area, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5101, x, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065101D.","productDescription":"x, 63 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5101_d.jpg"},{"id":395939,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84313.htm"},{"id":11739,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5101-D/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River Basin and surrounding area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.6667,\n              43.3833\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6667,\n              43.3833\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6667,\n              46.2792\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.6667,\n              46.2792\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.6667,\n              43.3833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5817","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, Ian R. 0000-0003-1681-6955 iwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1681-6955","contributorId":616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Ian","email":"iwaite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sobieszczyk, Steven 0000-0002-0834-8437 ssobie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-8437","contributorId":885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobieszczyk","given":"Steven","email":"ssobie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. kdcar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt D.","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arnsberg, Andrew J.","contributorId":57932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnsberg","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Henry M. 0000-0002-7571-4994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":105291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hughes, Curt A.","contributorId":59845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Curt","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sarantou, Michael J. sarantou@usgs.gov","contributorId":954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarantou","given":"Michael","email":"sarantou@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":288577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rinella, Frank A.","contributorId":89515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70229,"text":"twri09A7 - 2008 - Chapter A7 Biological Indicators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T10:54:01","indexId":"twri09A7","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"09-A7","title":"Chapter A7 Biological Indicators","docAbstract":"<p>The National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (National Field Manual) provides guidelines and standard procedures for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel who collect data used to assess the quality of the Nation's surface-water and ground-water resources. This chapter of the manual includes procedures for the (1) determination of biochemical oxygen demand using a 5-day bioassay test; (2) collection, identification, and enumeration of fecal indicator bacteria; (3) collection of samples and information on two laboratory methods for fecal indicator viruses (coliphages); and (4) collection of samples for protozoan pathogens. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.'</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chap. 7, https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A7.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/twri09A7","usgsCitation":"Myers, D.N., and Wilde, F.D., 2008, Chapter A7 Biological Indicators: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09-A7, 4 p.; Related Work, https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A7.","productDescription":"4 p.; Related Work","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363223,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm9A0","text":"Techniques and Methods 9-A0 ","linkHelpText":"-  General Introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data”"},{"id":193070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a7/coverthb1.jpg"},{"id":362189,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a7/twri9a7_cover-contents-introduction.pdf","text":"Report","size":"126 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Cover, Contents, and Introduction"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources?qt-mission_areas_l2_landing_page_ta=0#qt-mission_areas_l2_landing_page_ta\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources?qt-mission_areas_l2_landing_page_ta=0#qt-mission_areas_l2_landing_page_ta\">Water Mission Area</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>Reston, VA 20192</p><p>Email: <a href=\"nfm@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"nfm@usgs.gov\">nfm@usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e597c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, Donna N. 0000-0001-6359-2865 dnmyers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6359-2865","contributorId":512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Donna","email":"dnmyers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilde, Franceska D. fwilde@usgs.gov","contributorId":92240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"Franceska","email":"fwilde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70196022,"text":"70196022 - 2008 - Physical property studies in the USGS GHASTLI Laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T15:58:26","indexId":"70196022","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1641,"text":"Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical property studies in the USGS GHASTLI Laboratory","docAbstract":"<p>One of the many challenges in studying methane hydrate is that it is unstable at typical surface pressure and temperature conditions. To enable methane hydrates and hydrate-bearing sediments to be formed, analyzed, and experimented with, the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Woods Hole, MA collaborated in the development of the Gas Hydrate And Sediment Test Laboratory Instrument (GHASTLI). Over the past decade, the USGS has been operating GHASTLI and collaborating in the development of new sample handling tools and procedures, in an effort to improve our ability to analyze methane hydrate in the lab. These tools will enable hydrate researchers to more confidently link field studies (for example geophysics or drilling) with theoretical and predictive studies, leading to a better understanding of the geological conditions and processes that control the growth and concentration of natural gas hydrates, how hydrates affect the properties of the host sediments, and how the hydrate-sediment system changes when hydrate dissociates and releases the previously bound gas. To date, GHASTLI has been used to measure natural samples from ODP Leg 164 (Blake Ridge off the U.S. southeast Atlantic margin), Leg 204 (Hydrate Ridge off the Pacific Northwest margin) and the Mallik well (Mackenzie Delta in northwestern Canada). Additional samples in the queue for analysis are from the Chevron Joint Industry Project Experiment in the Gulf of Mexico and most recently, from IODP Leg 311 off Vancouver Island. Several foreign nations have asked whether GHASTLI will be available to analyze samples that might be recovered during national drilling programs. The ability to perform lab testing of hydrates within sediments is one of the unique capabilities of GHASTLI that separates it from other simulators at NETL and elsewhere.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Winters, W.J., Waite, W., Hutchinson, D.R., and Mason, D.H., 2008, Physical property studies in the USGS GHASTLI Laboratory: Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter, v. 5, no. 4, p. 6-9.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352479,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/oil-and-gas/methane-hydrates/fire-in-the-ice"},{"id":352480,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/File%20Library/Research/Oil-Gas/methane%20hydrates/HMNewsFall05_HighRez.pdf#page=6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afefda2e4b0da30c1bfcb39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, David H. dmason@usgs.gov","contributorId":624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"David","email":"dmason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":730960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":4912,"text":"twri09A6 - 2008 - Chapter A6. Field Measurements","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70246536,"text":"tm9A6.0 - 2023 - Guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties","indexId":"tm9A6.0","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Guidelines for Field-Measured Water-Quality Properties","title":"Guidelines for field-measured water-quality properties"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":4912,"text":"twri09A6 - 2008 - Chapter A6. Field Measurements","indexId":"twri09A6","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Chapter A6. Field Measurements"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T12:14:56","indexId":"twri09A6","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"09-A6","title":"Chapter A6. Field Measurements","docAbstract":"<p>The National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (National Field Manual) provides guidelines and standard procedures for U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel who collect data used to assess the quality of the Nation's surface-water and ground-water resources. Chapter A6 presents procedures and guidelines for the collection of data on air and water temperature, and on dissolved-oxygen concentrations, specific electrical conductance, pH, reduction-oxidation potential, alkalinity, and turbidity in water. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.'</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/twri09A6","usgsCitation":"2008, Chapter A6. Field Measurements (2008): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09-A6, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A6.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362120,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a6_final508ChapterA6.pdf","text":"Cover, Contents, and Introduction","size":"109 KB"},{"id":139599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":363699,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm9A0","text":"Techniques and Methods 9-AO","linkHelpText":"- General introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data”"}],"edition":"2008","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources?qt-mission_areas_l2_landing_page_ta=0#qt-mission_areas_l2_landing_page_ta\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources?qt-mission_areas_l2_landing_page_ta=0#qt-mission_areas_l2_landing_page_ta\">Water Mission Area</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>Reston, VA</p><p>Email: <a href=\"mailto:nfm@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:nfm@usgs.gov\">nfm@usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5a3a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wilde, Franceska D. fwilde@usgs.gov","contributorId":92240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"Franceska","email":"fwilde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749927,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":77492,"text":"i2600B - 2008 - Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Larsen Ice Shelf Area, Antarctica, 1940-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"i2600B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2600","chapter":"B","title":"Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Larsen Ice Shelf Area, Antarctica, 1940-2005","docAbstract":"Changes in the area and volume of polar ice sheets are intricately linked to changes in global climate, and the resulting changes in sea level could severely impact the densely populated coastal regions on Earth. Antarctica is Earth's largest reservoir of glacial ice. Melting of the West Antarctic part alone of the Antarctic ice sheet would cause a sea-level rise of approximately 6 meters (m), and the potential sea-level rise after melting of the entire Antarctic ice sheet is estimated to be 65 m (Lythe and others, 2001) to 73 m (Williams and Hall, 1993). The mass balance (the net volumetric gain or loss) of the Antarctic ice sheet is highly complex, responding differently to different climatic and other conditions in each region (Vaughan, 2005). In a review paper, Rignot and Thomas (2002) concluded that the West Antarctic ice sheet is probably becoming thinner overall; although it is known to be thickening in the west, it is thinning in the north. The mass balance of the East Antarctic ice sheet is thought by Davis and others (2005) to be positive on the basis of the change in satellite-altimetry measurements made between 1992 and 2003. \r\n\r\nMeasurement of changes in area and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet was given a very high priority in recommendations by the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council (1986), in subsequent recommendations by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (1989, 1993), and by the National Science Foundation's (1990) Division of Polar Programs. On the basis of these recommendations, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) decided that the archive of early 1970s Landsat 1, 2, and 3 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images of Antarctica and the subsequent repeat coverage made possible with Landsat and other satellite images provided an excellent means of documenting changes in the cryospheric coastline of Antarctica (Ferrigno and Gould, 1987). The availability of this information provided the impetus for carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the glaciological features of the coastal regions and changes in ice fronts of Antarctica (Swithinbank, 1988; Williams and Ferrigno, 1988). The project was later modified to include Landsat 4 and 5 MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) images [and in some areas Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images], RADARSAT images, aerial photography, and other data where available, to compare changes that occurred during a 20- to 25- or 30-year time interval (or longer where data were available, as in the Antarctic Peninsula). The results of the analysis are being used to produce a digital database and a series of USGS Geologic Investigations Series Maps (I-2600) (Williams and others, 1995; Ferrigno and others, 2002; and Williams and Ferrigno, 2005) (available online at http://www.glaciers.er.usgs.gov). ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2600B","isbn":"9781411319103","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the British Antarctic Survey, the Scott Polar Research Institute, and the Bundesamt fur Kartographie und Geodasie","usgsCitation":"Ferrigno, J.G., Cook, A.J., Mathie, A., Williams, R., Swithinbank, C., Foley, K.M., Fox, A.J., Thomson, J.W., and Sievers, J., 2008, Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Larsen Ice Shelf Area, Antarctica, 1940-2005: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2600, Report: iv, 28 p.; Map: 51 x 27.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2600B.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 28 p.; Map: 51 x 27.5 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1940-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12525,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2600/B/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Polar stereographic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78,-70 ], [ -78,-65 ], [ -57,-65 ], [ -57,-70 ], [ -78,-70 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, Alison J.","contributorId":42665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mathie, Amy M.","contributorId":82803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathie","given":"Amy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":26368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fox, Adrian J.","contributorId":68413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thomson, Janet W.","contributorId":32212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sievers, Jorn","contributorId":101753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievers","given":"Jorn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":50724,"text":"ofr2002468 - 2008 - Geologic map of Mount St. Helens, Washington prior to the 1980 eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-20T08:14:23","indexId":"ofr2002468","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-468","displayTitle":"Geologic Map of Mount St. Helens, Washington Prior to the 1980 Eruption","title":"Geologic map of Mount St. Helens, Washington prior to the 1980 eruption","docAbstract":"It is rare that a geologic map exists for a volcano prior to such a catastrophic modification as that produced by the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980. As such, this map provides an important historical record of the volcano prior to that eruption. The map has not been reviewed or checked for conformity to USGS editorial standards or stratigraphic nomenclature, and it has not been digitized. This version of the map is unchanged from that submitted to the USGS for publication shortly after the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and includes unresolved inconsistencies with the subsequently published work of Crandell (1987) and Mullineaux (1996). Nevertheless, it is the most accurate available depiction of the pre-1980 edifice and is published here for comparison with more recent geologic mapping and historical perspectives.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002468","usgsCitation":"Hopson, C., 2008, Geologic map of Mount St. Helens, Washington prior to the 1980 eruption (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-468, 2 Map Sheets: 34 x 44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002468.","productDescription":"2 Map Sheets: 34 x 44 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110781,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84084.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"84084"},{"id":11537,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-468/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"31250","projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,46 ], [ -122.5,46.5 ], [ -122,46.5 ], [ -122,46 ], [ -122.5,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa652","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopson, Clifford A.","contributorId":36805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopson","given":"Clifford A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}