{"pageNumber":"2233","pageRowStart":"55800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70170813,"text":"70170813 - 2007 - Analytical volcano deformation source models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T11:51:37","indexId":"70170813","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-12T06:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Analytical volcano deformation source models","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Primary volcanic landforms are created by the ascent and eruption of magma. The ascending magma displaces and interacts with surrounding rock and fluids as it creates new pathways, flows through cracks or conduits, vesiculates, and accumulates in underground reservoirs. The formation of new pathways and pressure changes within existing conduits and reservoirs stress and deform the surrounding rock. Eruption products load the crust. The pattern and rate of surface deformation around volcanoes reflect the tectonic and volcanic processes transmitted to the surface through the mechanical properties of the crust.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcano deformation--Geodetic monitoring techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Berlin","usgsCitation":"Lisowski, M., 2007, Analytical volcano deformation source models, chap. 8 <i>of</i> Volcano deformation--Geodetic monitoring techniques, p. 279-304.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://download.springer.com/static/pdf/895/chp%253A10.1007%252F978-3-540-49302-0_8.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-3-540-49302-0_8&token2=exp=1462295007~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F895%2Fchp%25253A10.1007%25252F978-3-540-49302-0_8.pdf%3ForiginUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Fchapter%252F10.1007%252F978-3-540-49302-0_8*~hmac=a5d65bd360fd2c24e286c5141f4f334369c682cf87663c56c27d8e641982735c","text":"Analytical volcano deformation source models","size":"5.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Analytical volcano deformation source models"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbade4b0b13d3919a2df","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628528,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170890,"text":"70170890 - 2007 - The morphology and evolution of the Stromboli 2002-2003 lava flow field--An example of a basaltic flow field emplaced on a steep slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T12:49:09","indexId":"70170890","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-12T01:45:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The morphology and evolution of the Stromboli 2002-2003 lava flow field--An example of a basaltic flow field emplaced on a steep slope","docAbstract":"<p>The use of a hand-held thermal camera during the 2002&ndash;2003 Stromboli effusive eruption proved essential in tracking the development of flow field structures and in measuring related eruption parameters, such as the number of active vents and flow lengths. The steep underlying slope on which the flow field was emplaced resulted in a characteristic flow field morphology. This comprised a proximal shield, where flow stacking and inflation caused piling up of lava on the relatively flat ground of the vent zone, that fed a medial&ndash;distal lava flow field. This zone was characterized by the formation of lava tubes and tumuli forming a complex network of tumuli and flows linked by tubes. Most of the flow field was emplaced on extremely steep slopes and this had two effects. It caused flows to slide, as well as flow, and flow fronts to fail frequently, persistent flow front crumbling resulted in the production of an extensive debris field. Channel-fed flows were also characterized by development of excavated debris levees in this zone (Calvari et al. 2005). Collapse of lava flow fronts and inflation of the upper proximal lava shield made volume calculation very difficult. Comparison of the final field volume with that expecta by integrating the lava effusion rates through time suggests a loss of ~70% erupted lava by flow front crumbling and accumulation as debris flows below sea level. Derived relationships between effusion rate, flow length, and number of active vents showed systematic and correlated variations with time where spreading of volume between numerous flows caused an otherwise good correlation between effusion rate, flow length to break down. Observations collected during this eruption are useful in helping to understand lava flow processes on steep slopes, as well as in interpreting old lava&ndash;debris sequences found in other steep-sided volcanoes subject to effusive activity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Link","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/s00445-006-0101-6","usgsCitation":"Lodato, L., Harris, A., Spampinato, L., Calvari, S., Dehn, J., and Patrick, M., 2007, The morphology and evolution of the Stromboli 2002-2003 lava flow field--An example of a basaltic flow field emplaced on a steep slope: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 69, p. 661-679, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-006-0101-6.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"661","endPage":"679","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Stromboli, Sicily, Tyrrhenian Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              15.172462463378904,\n              38.76050866911149\n            ],\n            [\n              15.172462463378904,\n              38.821253565549\n            ],\n            [\n              15.254859924316406,\n              38.821253565549\n            ],\n            [\n              15.254859924316406,\n              38.76050866911149\n            ],\n            [\n              15.172462463378904,\n              38.76050866911149\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"69","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5731b4ede4b0dae0d5dbc365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lodato, Luigi","contributorId":168727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lodato","given":"Luigi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, A.","contributorId":67703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spampinato, L.","contributorId":169204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spampinato","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calvari, Sonia","contributorId":168721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvari","given":"Sonia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dehn, J.","contributorId":36731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dehn","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Patrick, M.","contributorId":169205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patrick","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70170359,"text":"70170359 - 2007 - Predicting and validating the motion of an ash cloud during the 2006 eruption of Mount Augustine volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T10:47:45","indexId":"70170359","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-07T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5069,"text":"Journal of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting and validating the motion of an ash cloud during the 2006 eruption of Mount Augustine volcano","docAbstract":"<p>On 11 January 2006, Mount Augustine volcano in southern Alaska began erupting after 20- year repose. The Anchorage Forecast Office of the National Weather Service (NWS) issued an advisory on 28 January for Kodiak City. On 31 January, Alaska Airlines cancelled all flights to and from Anchorage after multiple advisories from the NWS for Anchorage and the surrounding region. The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) had reported the onset of the continuous eruption. AVO monitors the approximately 100 active volcanoes in the Northern Pacific. Ash clouds from these volcanoes can cause serious damage to an aircraft and pose a serious threat to the local communities, and to transcontinental air traffic throughout the Arctic and sub-Arctic region. Within AVO, a dispersion model has been developed to track the dispersion of volcanic ash clouds. The model, Puff, was used operational by AVO during the Augustine eruptive period. Here, we examine the dispersion of a volcanic ash (or aerosol) cloud from Mount Augustine across Alaska from 29 January through the 2 February 2006. We present the synoptic meteorology, the Puff predictions, and measurements from aerosol samplers, laser radar (or lidar) systems, and satellites. Aerosol samplers revealed the presence of volcanic aerosols at the surface at sites where Puff predicted the ash clouds movement. Remote sensing satellite data showed the development of the ash cloud in close proximity to the volcano consistent with the Puff predictions. Two lidars showed the presence of volcanic aerosol with consistent characteristics aloft over Alaska and were capable of detecting the aerosol, even in the presence of scattered clouds and where the ash cloud is too thin/disperse to be detected by remote sensing satellite data. The lidar measurements revealed the different trajectories of ash consistent with the Puff predictions. Dispersion models provide a forecast of volcanic ash cloud movement that might be undetectable by any other means but are still a significant hazard. Validation is the key to assessing the accuracy of any predictions. The study highlights the use of multiple and complementary observations used in detecting the trajectory ash cloud, both at the surface and aloft in the atmosphere.</p>","publisher":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","publisherLocation":"Tokyo, Japan","usgsCitation":"Collins, R.L., Fochesatto, J., Sassen, K., Webley, P.W., Atkinson, D.E., Dean, K.G., Cahill, C.F., and Mizutani, K., 2007, Predicting and validating the motion of an ash cloud during the 2006 eruption of Mount Augustine volcano: Journal of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, v. 54, no. 1-2, p. 17-28.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320166,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nict.go.jp/publication/shuppan/kihou-journal/journal-vol54no1_2.htm","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","county":"Kenai Peninsula Borough","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153.59779357910156,\n              59.314272285806524\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.59779357910156,\n              59.42342608667134\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.31214904785156,\n              59.42342608667134\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.31214904785156,\n              59.314272285806524\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.59779357910156,\n              59.314272285806524\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913e4e4b07657d19ff228","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Richard L.","contributorId":168685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fochesatto, Javier","contributorId":168682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fochesatto","given":"Javier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sassen, Kenneth","contributorId":168686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sassen","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webley, Peter W.","contributorId":71937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webley","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Atkinson, David E.","contributorId":168687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dean, Kenneson G.","contributorId":44512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Kenneson","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cahill, Catherine F.","contributorId":168688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cahill","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mizutani, Kohei","contributorId":168683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mizutani","given":"Kohei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70170358,"text":"70170358 - 2007 - Debris flow hazards mitigation--Mechanics, prediction, and assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-18T21:26:22.324865","indexId":"70170358","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Debris flow hazards mitigation--Mechanics, prediction, and assessment","docAbstract":"<div class=\"module-static\">\n<div id=\"main\">\n<div id=\"content\">\n<div class=\"info-area\">\n<p>These proceedings contain papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment held in Chengdu, China, September 10-13, 2007. The papers cover a wide range of topics on debris-flow science and engineering, including the factors triggering debris flows, geomorphic effects, mechanics of debris flows (e.g., rheology, fluvial mechanisms, erosion and deposition processes), numerical modeling, various debris-flow experiments, landslide-induced debris flows, assessment of debris-flow hazards and risk, field observations and measurements, monitoring and alert systems, structural and non-structural countermeasures against debris-flow hazards and case studies. The papers reflect the latest devel-opments and advances in debris-flow research. Several studies discuss the development and appli-cation of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies in debris-flow hazard/risk assessment. Timely topics presented in a few papers also include the development of new or innovative techniques for debris-flow monitoring and alert systems, especially an infra-sound acoustic sensor for detecting debris flows. Many case studies illustrate a wide variety of debris-flow hazards and related phenomena as well as their hazardous effects on human activities and settlements.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>","conferenceTitle":"Debris flow hazards mitigation--Mechanics, prediction, and assessment: 4th International Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation Conference","conferenceDate":"September 10-13, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Chendgu, China","language":"English","publisher":"Millpress Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"Rotterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"2007, Debris flow hazards mitigation--Mechanics, prediction, and assessment, 768 p.","productDescription":"768 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-09-10","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","city":"Chendgu","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              103.238525390625,\n              30.04532159026885\n            ],\n            [\n              103.238525390625,\n              31.217499361938142\n            ],\n            [\n              104.886474609375,\n              31.217499361938142\n            ],\n            [\n              104.886474609375,\n              30.04532159026885\n            ],\n            [\n              103.238525390625,\n              30.04532159026885\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571756b0e4b0ef3b7caa5fc6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chen, Chiu-Lan","contributorId":100979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Chiu-Lan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626980,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626981,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170778,"text":"70170778 - 2007 - Extensive hydrothermal rock alteration in a low pH, steam-heated environment--Hot Springs Basin, Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-21T11:15:23.940454","indexId":"70170778","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-06T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Extensive hydrothermal rock alteration in a low pH, steam-heated environment--Hot Springs Basin, Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Warer-rock interaction 12","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, Florida","doi":"10.1201/NOE0415451369","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Lowenstern, J.B., Bergfeld, D., Werner, C., Heasler, H., and Jaworowski, C., 2007, Extensive hydrothermal rock alteration in a low pH, steam-heated environment--Hot Springs Basin, Yellowstone National Park, <i>in</i> Warer-rock interaction 12, v. 1, p. 81-85, https://doi.org/10.1201/NOE0415451369.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.0443115234375,\n              43.79092385423621\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0443115234375,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.2041015625,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.2041015625,\n              43.79092385423621\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0443115234375,\n              43.79092385423621\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57287a2de4b0b13d391865ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergfeld, D.","contributorId":58053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werner, C.","contributorId":72917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heasler, H.","contributorId":7818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasler","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaworowski, C.","contributorId":90941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaworowski","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70170812,"text":"70170812 - 2007 - Incremental assembly and prolonged consolidation of Cordilleran magma chambers--Evidence from the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T11:31:18","indexId":"70170812","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-06T05:30:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incremental assembly and prolonged consolidation of Cordilleran magma chambers--Evidence from the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\">\n<p id=\"p-1\">Recent inference that Mesozoic Cordilleran plutons grew incrementally during &gt;10<sup>6</sup>&nbsp;yr intervals, without the presence of voluminous eruptible magma at any stage, minimizes close associations with large ignimbrite calderas. Alternatively, Tertiary ignimbrites in the Rocky Mountains and elsewhere, with volumes of 1&ndash;5 &times; 10<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup>, record multistage histories of magma accumulation, fractionation, and solidification in upper parts of large subvolcanic plutons that were sufficiently liquid to erupt. Individual calderas, up to 75 km across with 2&ndash;5 km subsidence, are direct evidence for shallow magma bodies comparable to the largest granitic plutons. As exemplified by the composite Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field (here summarized comprehensively for the first time), which is comparable in areal extent, magma composition, eruptive volume, and duration to continental-margin volcanism of the central Andes, nested calderas that erupted compositionally diverse tuffs document deep composite subsidence and rapid evolution in subvolcanic magma bodies. Spacing of Tertiary calderas at distances of tens to hundreds of kilometers is comparable to Mesozoic Cordilleran pluton spacing. Downwind ash in eastern Cordilleran sediments records large-scale explosive volcanism concurrent with Mesozoic batholith growth. Mineral fabrics and gradients indicate unified flow-age of many pluton interiors before complete solidification, and some plutons contain ring dikes or other textural evidence for roof subsidence. Geophysical data show that low-density upper-crustal rocks, inferred to be plutons, are 10 km or more thick beneath many calderas. Most ignimbrites are more evolved than associated plutons; evidence that the subcaldera chambers retained voluminous residua from fractionation. Initial incremental pluton growth in the upper crust was likely recorded by modest eruptions from central volcanoes; preparation for caldera-scale ignimbrite eruption involved recurrent magma input and homogenization high in the chamber. Some eroded calderas expose shallow granites of similar age and composition to tuffs, recording sustained postcaldera magmatism.</p>\n<p id=\"p-2\">Plutons thus provide an integrated record of prolonged magmatic evolution, while volcanism offers snapshots of conditions at early stages. Growth of subvolcanic batholiths involved sustained multistage open-system processes. These commonly involved ignimbrite eruptions at times of peak power input, but assembly and consolidation processes continued at diminishing rates long after peak volcanism. Some evidence cited for early incremental pluton assembly more likely records late events during or after volcanism. Contrasts between relatively primitive arc systems dominated by andesitic compositions and small upper-crustal plutons versus more silicic volcanic fields and associated batholiths probably reflect intertwined contrasts in crustal thickness and magmatic power input. Lower power input would lead to a Cascade- or Aleutian-type arc system, where intermediate-composition magma erupts directly from middle- and lower-crustal storage without development of large shallow plutons. Andean and southern Rocky Mountain&ndash;type systems begin similarly with intermediate-composition volcanism, but increasing magma production, perhaps triggered by abrupt changes in plate boundaries, leads to development of larger upper-crustal reservoirs, more silicic compositions, large ignimbrites, and batholiths. Lack of geophysical evidence for voluminous eruptible magma beneath young calderas suggests that near-solidus plutons can be rejuvenated rapidly by high-temperature mafic recharge, potentially causing large explosive eruptions with only brief precursors.</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, Colorado","doi":"10.1130/GES00061.1","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., 2007, Incremental assembly and prolonged consolidation of Cordilleran magma chambers--Evidence from the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field: Geosphere, v. 3, no. 1, p. 42-70, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00061.1.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Southern Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.39013671875,\n              35.40696093270201\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.39013671875,\n              41.60722821271717\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.39208984375,\n              41.60722821271717\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.39208984375,\n              35.40696093270201\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.39013671875,\n              35.40696093270201\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbb5e4b0b13d3919a389","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170402,"text":"70170402 - 2007 - Pāhoehoe flow cooling, discharge, and coverage rates from thermal image chronometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-02T14:21:33","indexId":"70170402","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-06T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pāhoehoe flow cooling, discharge, and coverage rates from thermal image chronometry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Theoretically- and empirically-derived cooling rates for active pāhoehoe lava flows show that surface cooling is controlled by conductive heat loss through a crust that is thickening with the square root of time. The model is based on a linear relationship that links&nbsp;</span><i>log</i><span>(</span><i>time</i><span>) with surface cooling. This predictable cooling behavior can be used assess the age of recently emplaced sheet flows from their surface temperatures. Using a single thermal image, or image mosaic, this allows quantification of the variation in areal coverage rates and lava discharge rates over 48 hour periods prior to image capture. For pāhoehoe sheet flow at Kīlauea (Hawai`i) this gives coverage rates of 1&ndash;5 m</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>/min at discharge rates of 0.01&ndash;0.05 m</span><span>3</span><span>/s, increasing to &sim;40 m</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>/min at 0.4&ndash;0.5 m</span><sup><span>3</span></sup><span>/s. Our thermal chronometry approach represents a quick and easy method of tracking flow advance over a three-day period using a single, thermal snap-shot.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007GL030791","usgsCitation":"Dehn, J., Hamilton, C., Harris, A.J., Herd, R.A., James, M., Lodato, L., and Steffke, A., 2007, Pāhoehoe flow cooling, discharge, and coverage rates from thermal image chronometry: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 19, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030791.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl030791","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320829,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.30925750732422,\n              19.389210198825108\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.30925750732422,\n              19.44490308013705\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.22891998291016,\n              19.44490308013705\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.22891998291016,\n              19.389210198825108\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.30925750732422,\n              19.389210198825108\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5719f9c1e4b071321fe22be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dehn, Jonathan","contributorId":49322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dehn","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, Christopher M.","contributorId":27767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, A. J. L.","contributorId":116022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herd, Richard A.","contributorId":95663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herd","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"James, M.R.","contributorId":18929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lodato, Luigi","contributorId":168727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lodato","given":"Luigi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Steffke, Andrea","contributorId":168728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steffke","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70171029,"text":"70171029 - 2007 - Seismo-acoustic signals associated with degassing explosions recorded at Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska, 2003-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T12:30:59","indexId":"70171029","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-06T02:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismo-acoustic signals associated with degassing explosions recorded at Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska, 2003-2004","docAbstract":"<p><span>In summer 2003, a Chaparral Model 2 microphone was deployed at Shishaldin Volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. The pressure sensor was co-located with a short-period seismometer on the volcano&rsquo;s north flank at a distance of 6.62&nbsp;km from the active summit vent. The seismo-acoustic data exhibit a correlation between impulsive acoustic signals (1&ndash;2&nbsp;Pa) and long-period (LP, 1&ndash;2&nbsp;Hz) earthquakes. Since it last erupted in 1999, Shishaldin has been characterized by sustained seismicity consisting of many hundreds to two thousand LP events per day. The activity is accompanied by up to &sim;200&nbsp;m high discrete gas puffs exiting the small summit vent, but no significant eruptive activity has been confirmed. The acoustic waveforms possess similarity throughout the data set (July 2003&ndash;November 2004) indicating a repetitive source mechanism. The simplicity of the acoustic waveforms, the impulsive onsets with relatively short (&sim;10&ndash;20&nbsp;s) gradually decaying codas and the waveform similarities suggest that the acoustic pulses are generated at the fluid&ndash;air interface within an open-vent system. SO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;measurements have revealed a low SO</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;flux, suggesting a hydrothermal system with magmatic gases leaking through. This hypothesis is supported by the steady-state nature of Shishaldin&rsquo;s volcanic system since 1999. Time delays between the seismic LP and infrasound onsets were acquired from a representative day of seismo-acoustic data. A simple model was used to estimate source depths. The short seismo-acoustic delay times have revealed that the seismic and acoustic sources are co-located at a depth of 240&plusmn;200&nbsp;m below the crater rim. This shallow depth is confirmed by resonance of the upper portion of the open conduit, which produces standing waves with&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">f</i><span>=0.3&nbsp;Hz in the acoustic waveform codas. The infrasound data has allowed us to relate Shishaldin&rsquo;s LP earthquakes to degassing explosions, created by gas volume ruptures from a fluid&ndash;air interface.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Link","publisherLocation":"New York City","doi":"10.1007/s00445-006-0088-z","usgsCitation":"Petersen, T., 2007, Seismo-acoustic signals associated with degassing explosions recorded at Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska, 2003-2004: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 69, p. 527-536, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-006-0088-z.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"536","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Shishaldin Volcano, Unimak Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -164.16595458984375,\n              54.680183097099984\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.16595458984375,\n              54.856058604544806\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.80340576171875,\n              54.856058604544806\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.80340576171875,\n              54.680183097099984\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.16595458984375,\n              54.680183097099984\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"69","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d664be4b07e28b6684e2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, T.","contributorId":104705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170349,"text":"70170349 - 2007 - Precursory seismicity associated with frequent, large ice avalanches on Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-18T15:40:06","indexId":"70170349","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precursory seismicity associated with frequent, large ice avalanches on Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Since 1994, at least six major (volume&gt;106 m<sup>3</sup>) ice and rock avalanches have occurred on Iliamna volcano, Alaska, USA. Each of the avalanches was preceded by up to 2 hours of seismicity believed to represent the initial stages of failure. Each seismic sequence begins with a series of repeating earthquakes thought to represent slip on an ice-rock interface, or between layers of ice. This stage is followed by a prolonged period of continuous ground-shaking that reflects constant slip accommodated by deformation at the glacier base. Finally the glacier fails in a large avalanche. Some of the events appear to have entrained large amounts of rock, while others comprise mostly snow and ice. Several avalanches initiated from the same source region, suggesting that this part of the volcano is particularly susceptible to failure, possibly due to the presence of nearby fumaroles. Although thermal conditions at the time of failure are not well constrained, it is likely that geothermal energy causes melting at the glacier base, promoting slip and culminating in failure. The frequent nature and predictable failure sequence of Iliamna avalanches makes the volcano an excellent laboratory for the study of ice avalanches. The prolonged nature of the seismic signal suggests that warning may one day be given for similar events occurring in populated regions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge Journals","doi":"10.3189/172756507781833866","usgsCitation":"Caplan-Auerbach, J., and Huggel, C., 2007, Precursory seismicity associated with frequent, large ice avalanches on Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, USA: Journal of Glaciology, v. 53, no. 180, p. 128-140, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756507781833866.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"140","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756507781833866","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Iliamna","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153.43505859375,\n              59.839295488500326\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.43505859375,\n              60.2002509295016\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.578125,\n              60.2002509295016\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.578125,\n              59.839295488500326\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.43505859375,\n              59.839295488500326\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"180","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5716053ee4b0ef3b7ca92055","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caplan-Auerbach, Jacqueline","contributorId":17848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caplan-Auerbach","given":"Jacqueline","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huggel, C.","contributorId":89347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huggel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170391,"text":"70170391 - 2007 - Eruption and deposition of the Fisher Tuff (Alaska)--Evidence for the evolution of pyroclastic flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T14:55:35","indexId":"70170391","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-05T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruption and deposition of the Fisher Tuff (Alaska)--Evidence for the evolution of pyroclastic flows","docAbstract":"<p>Recognition that the Fisher Tuff (Unimak Island, Alaska) was deposited on the leeside of an &sim;500&ndash;700‐m‐high mountain range (Tugamak Range) more than 10 km away from its source played a major role in defining pyroclastic flows as momentum‐driven currents. We reexamined the Fisher Tuff to evaluate whether deposition from expanded turbulent clouds can better explain its depositional features. We studied the tuff at 89 sites and sieved bulk samples from 27 of those sites. We find that the tuff consists of a complex sequence of deposits that record the evolution of the eruption from a buoyant plume (22 km) that deposited &sim;0.2 km<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;of dacite magma as a pyroclastic fall layer to erupting &sim;10&ndash;100 km<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;of andesitic magma as Scoria‐rich pyroclastic falls and flows that were mainly deposited to the north and northwest of the caldera, including those in valleys within the Tugamak Range. The distribution of the flow deposits and their welding, internal stratification, and the occurrence of lithic breccia all suggest that the pyroclastic flows were fed from a fountaining column that vented from an inclined conduit, the first time such a conduit has been recognized during a large‐volume caldera eruption. Pyroclastic flow deposits before and after the mountain range and thin veneer deposits high in the range are best explained by a flow that was stratified into a dense undercurrent and an overriding dilute turbulent cloud, from which deposition before the range was mainly from the undercurrent. When the flow ran into the mountain range, however, the undercurrent was blocked, but the turbulent cloud continued on. As the flow continued north, it restratified, forming another undercurrent. The Fisher Tuff thus records the passing of a flow that was significantly higher (800&ndash;1100 m thick) than the mountain range and thus did not require excessive momentum.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","publisherLocation":"Chicago","doi":"10.1086/518050","usgsCitation":"Burgisser, A., Gardner, J., and Stelling, P., 2007, Eruption and deposition of the Fisher Tuff (Alaska)--Evidence for the evolution of pyroclastic flows: Journal of Geology, v. 115, p. 417-435, https://doi.org/10.1086/518050.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"435","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-00160874","text":"External Repository"},{"id":320189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Unimak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.1519775390625,\n              54.374158445055734\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.1519775390625,\n              55.07836723201515\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.004150390625,\n              55.07836723201515\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.004150390625,\n              54.374158445055734\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.1519775390625,\n              54.374158445055734\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"115","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571756b3e4b0ef3b7caa5fe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burgisser, Alain","contributorId":152269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgisser","given":"Alain","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18894,"text":"Universite de Savoie- CNRS, ISTerre","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, J.E.","contributorId":7456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stelling, P.","contributorId":58820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelling","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170345,"text":"70170345 - 2007 - Glacier-volcano interactions in the north crater of Mt. Wrangell, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-18T15:13:14","indexId":"70170345","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacier-volcano interactions in the north crater of Mt. Wrangell, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Glaciological and related observations from 1961 to 2005 at the summit of Mt Wrangell (62.008 N, 144.028W; 4317 m a.s.l.), a massive glacier-covered shield volcano in south-central Alaska, show marked changes that appear to have been initiated by the Great Alaska Earthquake (MW = 9.2) of 27 March 1964. The 4 x 6 km diameter, ice-filled Summit Caldera with several post-caldera craters on its rim, comprises the summit region where annual snow accumulation is 1&ndash;2 m of water equivalent and the mean annual temperature, measured 10 m below the snow surface, is &ndash;20&deg;C. Precision surveying, aerial photogrammetry and measurements of temperature and snow accumulation were used to measure the loss of glacier ice equivalent to about 0.03 km<sup>3</sup> of water from the North Crater in a decade. Glacier calorimetry was used to calculate the associated heat flux, which varied within the range 20&ndash;140W m<sup>&ndash;2</sup>; total heat flow was in the range 20&ndash;100 MW. Seismicity data from the crater&rsquo;s rim show two distinct responses to large earthquakes at time scales from minutes to months. Chemistry of water and gas from fumaroles indicates a shallow magma heat source and seismicity data are consistent with this interpretation.</p>","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Earth and Planetary Ice-Volcano Interactions","conferenceDate":"June 19-23, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Reykjavík, Iceland","language":"English","doi":"10.3189/172756407782282462","usgsCitation":"Abston, C., Motyka, R.J., McNutt, S., Luthi, M., and Truffer, M., 2007, Glacier-volcano interactions in the north crater of Mt. Wrangell, Alaska: Annals of Glaciology, v. 45, p. 48-57, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782282462.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782282462","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mt Wrangell","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -144.85748291015625,\n              61.61423180712503\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.85748291015625,\n              62.43234536620008\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.96783447265625,\n              62.43234536620008\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.96783447265625,\n              61.61423180712503\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.85748291015625,\n              61.61423180712503\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57160538e4b0ef3b7ca92002","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abston, Carl","contributorId":12559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abston","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motyka, Roman J.","contributorId":68165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motyka","given":"Roman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNutt, Stephen","contributorId":26196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luthi, Martin","contributorId":168658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luthi","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Truffer, Martin","contributorId":48065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truffer","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70170337,"text":"70170337 - 2007 - Directed blasts and blast-generated pyroclastic density currents: a comparison of the Bezymianny 1956, Mount St Helens 1980, and Soufrière Hills, Montserrat 1997 eruptions and deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-18T14:29:20","indexId":"70170337","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Directed blasts and blast-generated pyroclastic density currents: a comparison of the Bezymianny 1956, Mount St Helens 1980, and Soufrière Hills, Montserrat 1997 eruptions and deposits","docAbstract":"<p>We compare eruptive dynamics, effects and deposits of the Bezymianny 1956 (BZ), Mount St Helens 1980 (MSH), and Soufri&egrave;re Hills volcano, Montserrat 1997 (SHV) eruptions, the key events of which included powerful directed blasts. Each blast subsequently generated a high-energy stratified pyroclastic density current (PDC) with a high speed at onset. The blasts were triggered by rapid unloading of an extruding or intruding shallow magma body (lava dome and/or cryptodome) of andesitic or dacitic composition. The unloading was caused by sector failures of the volcanic edifices, with respective volumes for BZ, MSH, and SHV c. 0.5, 2.5, and 0.05 km<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;. The blasts devastated approximately elliptical areas, axial directions of which coincided with the directions of sector failures. We separate the transient directed blast phenomenon into three main parts, the burst phase, the collapse phase, and the PDC phase. In the burst phase the pressurized mixture is driven by initial kinetic energy and expands rapidly into the atmosphere, with much of the expansion having an initially lateral component. The erupted material fails to mix with sufficient air to form a buoyant column, but in the collapse phase, falls beyond the source as an inclined fountain, and thereafter generates a PDC moving parallel to the ground surface. It is possible for the burst phase to comprise an overpressured jet, which requires injection of momentum from an orifice; however some exploding sources may have different geometry and a jet is not necessarily formed. A major unresolved question is whether the preponderance of strong damage observed in the volcanic blasts should be attributed to shock waves within an overpressured jet, or alternatively to dynamic pressures and shocks within the energetic collapse and PDC phases. Internal shock structures related to unsteady flow and compressibility effects can occur in each phase. We withhold judgment about published shock models as a primary explanation for the damage sustained at MSH until modern 3D numerical modeling is accomplished, but argue that much of the damage observed in directed blasts can be reasonably interpreted to have been caused by high dynamic pressures and clast impact loading by an inclined collapsing fountain and stratified PDC. This view is reinforced by recent modeling cited for SHV. In distal and peripheral regions, solids concentration, maximum particle size, current speed, and dynamic pressure are diminished, resulting in lesser damage and enhanced influence by local topography on the PDC. Despite the different scales of the blasts (devastated areas were respectively 500, 600, and &gt;10 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;for BZ, MSH, and SHV), and some complexity involving retrogressive slide blocks and clusters of explosions, their pyroclastic deposits demonstrate strong similarity. Juvenile material composes &gt;50% of the deposits, implying for the blasts a dominantly magmatic mechanism although hydrothermal explosions also occurred. The&nbsp;character of the magma fragmented by explosions (highly viscous, phenocryst-rich, variable microlite content) determined the bimodal distributions of juvenile clast density and vesicularity. Thickness of the deposits fluctuates in proximal areas but in general decreases with distance from the crater, and laterally from the axial region. The proximal stratigraphy of the blast deposits comprises four layers named A, B, C, D from bottom to top. Layer A is represented by very poorly sorted debris with admixtures of vegetation and soil, with a strongly erosive ground contact; its appearance varies at different sites due to different ground conditions at the time of the blasts. The layer reflects intense turbulent boundary shear between the basal part of the energetic head of the PDC and the substrate. Layer B exhibits relatively well-sorted fines depleted debris with some charred plant fragments; its deposition occurred by rapid suspension sedimentation in rapidly waning, high-concentration conditions. Layer C is mainly a poorly sorted massive layer enriched by fines with its uppermost part laminated, created by rapid sedimentation under moderate-concentration, weakly tractive conditions, with the uppermost laminated part reflecting a dilute depositional regime with grain-by-grain traction deposition. By analogy to laboratory experiments, mixing at the flow head of the PDC created a turbulent dilute wake above the body of a gravity current, with layer B deposited by the flow body and layer C by the wake. The uppermost layer D of fines and accretionary lapilli is an ash fallout deposit of the finest particles from the high-rising buoyant thermal plume derived from the sediment-depleted pyroclastic density current. The strong similarity among these eruptions and their deposits suggests that these cases represent similar source, transport and depositional phenomena.</span></p>","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s00445-006-0109-y","usgsCitation":"Belousov, A., Voight, B., and Belousova, M., 2007, Directed blasts and blast-generated pyroclastic density currents: a comparison of the Bezymianny 1956, Mount St Helens 1980, and Soufrière Hills, Montserrat 1997 eruptions and deposits: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 69, p. 701-740, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-006-0109-y.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"701","endPage":"740","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://repo.kscnet.ru/1319/1/compar.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":320148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Montserrat, Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Bezymianny, Mount St Helens, Soufriere Hills","volume":"69","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57160533e4b0ef3b7ca91fe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belousov, Alexander","contributorId":168655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belousov","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voight, Barry","contributorId":73653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voight","given":"Barry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belousova, Marina","contributorId":168656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belousova","given":"Marina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160296,"text":"70160296 - 2007 - Paleo-perspectives on climate and ecosystem change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T11:09:53","indexId":"70160296","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-13T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Paleo-perspectives on climate and ecosystem change","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sustaining Rocky Mountain landscapes: Science, Policy and management of the Crown of the Continent ecosystem","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Routledge","usgsCitation":"Pederson, G.T., Whitlock, C., Watson, E., Luckman, B., and Graumlich, L., 2007, Paleo-perspectives on climate and ecosystem change, chap. <i>of</i> Sustaining Rocky Mountain landscapes: Science, Policy and management of the Crown of the Continent ecosystem, p. 151-170.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.routledge.com/products/9781933115467"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Alberta, British Columbia, Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              55.677584411089526\n            ],\n            [\n              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0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitlock, C.","contributorId":105836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlock","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watson, E.","contributorId":76978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luckman, B.H.","contributorId":49568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luckman","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Graumlich, L.J.","contributorId":30417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graumlich","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70160276,"text":"70160276 - 2007 - Ecology, conservation, and status of reptiles in Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T11:44:39","indexId":"70160276","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-15T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"seriesNumber":"2","subseriesTitle":"Herpetological Conservation","title":"Ecology, conservation, and status of reptiles in Canada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles in association with the Canadian Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Network","usgsCitation":"Seburn, C., Bishop, C., and Corn, P.S., 2007, Ecology, conservation, and status of reptiles in Canada, 246 p.","productDescription":"246 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567147cfe4b09cfe53ca7d72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seburn, C.N.L.","contributorId":150611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seburn","given":"C.N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bishop, C.A.","contributorId":8434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corn, P. S.","contributorId":25493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160392,"text":"70160392 - 2007 - Scale-dependent approaches to modeling spatial epidemiology of chronic wasting disease.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-17T17:20:17","indexId":"70160392","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-14T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Scale-dependent approaches to modeling spatial epidemiology of chronic wasting disease.","docAbstract":"<p>This e-book is the product of a second workshop that was funded and promoted by the United States Geological Survey to enhance cooperation between states for the management of chronic wasting disease (CWD). The first workshop addressed issues surrounding the statistical design and collection of surveillance data for CWD. The second workshop, from which this document arose, followed logically from the first workshop and focused on appropriate methods for analysis, interpretation, and use of CWD surveillance and related epidemiology data. Consequently, the emphasis of this e-book is on modeling approaches to describe and gain insight of the spatial epidemiology of CWD. We designed this e-book for wildlife managers and biologists who are responsible for the surveillance of CWD in their state or agency. We chose spatial methods that are popular or common in the spatial epidemiology literature and evaluated them for their relevance to modeling CWD. Our opinion of the usefulness and relevance of each method was based on the type of field data commonly collected as part of CWD surveillance programs and what we know about CWD biology, ecology, and epidemiology. Specifically, we expected the field data to consist primarily of the infection status of a harvested or culled sample along with its date of collection (not date of infection), location, and demographic status. We evaluated methods in light of the fact that CWD does not appear to spread rapidly through wild populations, relative to more highly contagious viruses, and can be spread directly from animal to animal or indirectly through environmental contamination.</p>\n<p>We discovered that many of the wellpublished methods were developed for fast-spreading human diseases, such as influenza and measles. While these methods are applicable to fast spreading wildlife diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease or West Nile virus, many are not likely to work well for CWD. Only limited data exist to evaluate geographic and spatial spread because many locations where we find CWD tend to be locations where samples have just been taken or sample sizes have just become large enough to have a high probability of detecting a low prevalence. Consequently, methods that work well to describe or predict the spread of foot-and-mouth disease throughout England, which occurred within a year, do not work well for describing or predicting CWD spread. We did not exclude methods that we regarded as inappropriate; rather, we included methods that are commonly used for disease epidemiology and then discussed their applicability for modeling the spatial epidemiology of CWD. We hope including inappropriate methods with an explanation of why they are ill-suited for CWD will make it easier to drop them from consideration and explain to others why they were not recommended for spatial modeling of CWD.</p>\n<p>We organized the three chapters by scale and extent for which each method was developed or best suited. The first chapter covers methods appropriate to multi-jurisdictional or multi-state modeling, which we call &ldquo;regional&rdquo; scale. The second chapter covers methods appropriate for within state areas such as wildlife management units or metapopulations, which we call &ldquo;landscape&rdquo; scale. The third chapter covers methods appropriate for population or individual-based modeling, which we call &ldquo;fine&rdquo; scale. We know this rubric is somewhat artificial because many methods work at multiple scales. We hope, however, that this structure addresses some of the challenges faced by managers that work at local, regional, state, and national scales. Further, the resolution of empirical data often changes with spatial scale, which affects the utility of different modeling approaches. For example, individual-based models work best at modeling spread within populations, while risk analysis is most useful for summarizing data over larger scales such as a region. Because some methods are applicable at several scales, however, we included a graphic at the beginning of each method that indicates the range of scales for&nbsp;which it applies. For example, the graphic to<br />the right indicates that the method is most applicable&nbsp;for regional-scale modeling.</p>\n<p>There is also a question of resolution as well as scale and extent for each method. CWD surveillance data have been collected over large areas, such as a wildlife management unit or state, but the resolution of the data may be fine scale with GPS locations for many samples. For each method, we described the required resolution of the data and describe the type of data required, as well as what questions the method could answer and how useful the method is, given typical CWD data.</p>\n<p>For each scale, we presented a focal approach that would be useful for understanding the spatial pattern and epidemiology of CWD, as well as being a useful tool for CWD management. The focal approaches include risk analysis and micromaps for the regional scale, cluster analysis for the landscape scale, and individual based modeling for the fine scale of within population. For each of these methods, we used simulated data and walked through the method step by step to fully illustrate the &ldquo;how to&rdquo;, with specifics about what is input and output, as well as what questions the method addresses. We also provided a summary table to, at a glance, describe the scale, questions that can be addressed, and general data required for each method described in this e-book. We hope that this review will be helpful to biologists and managers by increasing the utility of their surveillance data, and ultimately be useful for increasing our understanding of CWD and allowing wildlife biologists and managers to move beyond retroactive fire-fighting to proactive preventative action.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Division of Wildlife Resources","usgsCitation":"Conner, M.M., Gross, J.E., Cross, P.C., Ebinger, M.R., Gillies, R., Samuel, M.D., and Miller, M.W., 2007, Scale-dependent approaches to modeling spatial epidemiology of chronic wasting disease. 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,{"id":70160292,"text":"70160292 - 2007 - Achieving Ecosystem Sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-16T08:04:22","indexId":"70160292","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-07T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Achieving Ecosystem Sustainability","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sustaining Rocky Mountain Landscapes: Science, Policy and Management of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Routledge","usgsCitation":"Prato, T., and Fagre, D.B., 2007, Achieving Ecosystem Sustainability, chap. <i>of</i> Sustaining Rocky Mountain Landscapes: Science, Policy and Management of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem, p. 302-311.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"311","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.routledge.com/products/9781933115467"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Alberata, British Columbia, Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              55.677584411089526\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.26660156249999,\n              55.45394132943307\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.3779296875,\n              49.439556958940855\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.83984375,\n              47.84265762816535\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2138671875,\n              43.77109381775651\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.763671875,\n              43.229195113965005\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.3466796875,\n              43.26120612479979\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.984375,\n              43.67581809328341\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.818359375,\n              50.14874640066278\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9169921875,\n              51.944264879028765\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.90527343750001,\n              54.18815548107151\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.17968749999999,\n              55.45394132943307\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              55.677584411089526\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5672993ee4b01a7f82451d94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prato, Tony","contributorId":97394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prato","given":"Tony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70160304,"text":"70160304 - 2007 - Monitoring alpine plants for climate change: The North American GLORIA Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T14:31:09","indexId":"70160304","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-31T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5057,"text":"Mountain Views","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring alpine plants for climate change: The North American GLORIA Project","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Alpine Environments</strong></p>\n<p>Globally, alpine environments are hotspots of biodiversity, often harboring higher diversity of plant species than corresponding areas at lower elevations. These regions are also likely to experience more severe and rapid change in climate than lowlands under conditions of anthropogenic warming (Theurillat &amp; Guisan 2001; Halloy &amp; Mark 2003; Pickering &amp; Armstrong 2003). Such climatic effects are already being documented by instrumental monitoring in the few places in western North America where long-term climate stations are available at high elevations. New sites are being planned (see GCOS article, pg 15). Climate Change is augmenting concern for alpine vegetation because available habitat diminishes at increasingly higher elevations. This creates an &ldquo;elevational squeeze,&rdquo; whereby the geometry of mountain peaks means that escape routes to cooler environments uphill are dead ends for migrating alpine species. While monitoring and modeling efforts have begun to elucidate climate of alpine environments in North America, very little is known about corresponding responses of alpine plant species to changing climate. Indeed, for many mountain regions in the West, little information exists even about alpine plant distribution and abundance.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"CIRMOUNT","usgsCitation":"Millar, C., and Fagre, D.B., 2007, Monitoring alpine plants for climate change: The North American GLORIA Project: Mountain Views, v. 1, no. 1, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312359,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/cirmount/publications/pdf/Mtn_Views_jan_07.pdf","text":"pdf"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56729945e4b01a7f82451dae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Millar, C.","contributorId":150631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millar","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70160343,"text":"70160343 - 2007 - Adapting to the reality of climate change at Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T18:34:56","indexId":"70160343","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-11T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Adapting to the reality of climate change at Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The glaciers of Glacier National Park (GNP) are disappearing rapidly and likely will be gone by 2030. These alpine glaciers have been continuously present for approximately 7,000 years so their loss from GNP in another 25 years underscores the significance of current climate change. There are presently only 27 glaciers remaining of the 150 estimated to have existed when GNP was created in 1910. Mean annual temperature in GNP has increased 1.6°C during the past century, three times the global mean increase. The temperature increase has affected other parts of the mountain ecosystem, too. Snowpacks hold less water equivalent and melt 2+ weeks earlier in the spring. Forest growth rates have increased, alpine treelines have expanded upward and become denser, and subalpine meadows have been invaded by high elevation tree species. These latter responses can be mostly attributed to longer growing seasons and warmer temperatures.</p><p>Ecosystem modeling of possible future changes in the GNP mountain environments suggest that increased tree growth rates and evapotranspiration will reduce soil moisture and streamflow. The drier forests, with more wood, will burn more frequently and with greater severity, leading to degradation in air quality and increased risk to people and infrastructure. Management of forest fires is an important issue in the arid western United States. In 2003, 13% of GNP’s 4,082 km<sup>2</sup> was burned in three large fires and numerous smaller fires. Managers can accomplish some of their goals, such as preserving threatened wildlife populations, by altering their management of fires. In 2003, intense efforts were successfully made to divert the fires away from valuable grizzly bear ( <i>Ursus arctos horribilis</i> ) habitat that contained huckleberry plants ( <i>Vaccinium</i> spp .) necessary to ensure bear survival through the winter.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the first international conference on the impact of climate change: On high-mountain systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"First International Conference on the Impact of Climate Change: On High-Mountain Systems","conferenceDate":"November 21-23, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Bogota, Colombia","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Fagre, D.B., 2007, Adapting to the reality of climate change at Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the first international conference on the impact of climate change: On high-mountain systems, Bogota, Colombia, November 21-23, 2005, p. 221-235.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"235","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.71099853515625,\n              48.21735290928554\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.17840576171875,\n              48.21735290928554\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.17840576171875,\n              49.005447494058096\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.71099853515625,\n              49.005447494058096\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.71099853515625,\n              48.21735290928554\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"Conference held at the Instituto de Hidrologia, Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales - IDEAM","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5673eabbe4b0da412f4f8211","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70160294,"text":"70160294 - 2007 - Preface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-16T07:52:25","indexId":"70160294","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Preface","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sustaining Rocky Mountain Landscapes: Science, Policy and Management of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Routledge","usgsCitation":"Prato, T., and Fagre, D.B., 2007, Preface, chap. <i>of</i> Sustaining Rocky Mountain Landscapes: Science, Policy and Management of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem, p. xii-xvi.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"xii","endPage":"xvi","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.routledge.com/products/9781933115467"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56729947e4b01a7f82451db7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Prato, Tony","contributorId":97394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prato","given":"Tony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582442,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582443,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Prato, Tony","contributorId":97394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prato","given":"Tony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70160305,"text":"70160305 - 2007 - Integrated research on climate change in mountain ecosystems: The CLIMET project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-16T11:40:00","indexId":"70160305","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Integrated research on climate change in mountain ecosystems: The CLIMET project","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Area Research and Management, Integrated Approaches","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Routledge","usgsCitation":"Fagre, D., Peterson, D.L., and McKown, D.M., 2007, Integrated research on climate change in mountain ecosystems: The CLIMET project, chap. <i>of</i> Mountain Area Research and Management, Integrated Approaches, p. 257-271.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.routledge.com/products/9781138002029"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56729944e4b01a7f82451da7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Price, Martin F.","contributorId":95736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582490,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, D. L.","contributorId":36484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKown, D. M.","contributorId":71973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKown","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160345,"text":"70160345 - 2007 - Hydrology and geomorphology of the Snake River in Grand Teton National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T18:53:58","indexId":"70160345","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Hydrology and geomorphology of the Snake River in Grand Teton National Park","docAbstract":"<p>The influence of significant tributaries that join the Snake River within 10 km of Jackson Lake Dam (JLD) mitigate some impacts resulting from nearly 100 years of flow regulation in Grand Teton National Park. I analyzed measured and estimated unregulated flow data for all segments of the study area by accounting for tributary flows. The magnitude of the 2-yr recurrence flood immediately downstream from JLD decreased 45% since 1958 relative to estimated unregulated flows, whereas that downstream from Buffalo Fork, the largest tributary, decreased 36%.</p>\n<p>There has been no long-term progressive geomorphic change on the Snake River resulting from dam regulation. I mapped the bankfull channel on four series of aerial photographs taken in 1945, 1969, 1990/1991, and 2002 and analyzed channel change in a geographic information system. Periods of low-magnitude floods (1945 to 1969) resulted in widespread deposition whereas periods of high-magnitude floods (1969 to 1990/1991 and 1990/1991 to 2002) resulted in widespread erosion; channels narrowed and widened by as much as 31%.</p>\n<p>I mapped three distinct deposits within the Holocene alluvial valley. The lower floodplain covers 3.5% of the mapped area in the form of abandoned channel and inset, channel-margin facies and has inundating recurrence intervals of one to two years. The upper floodplain covers 36% of the mapped area, is composed of abandoned channels and bars, is higher in elevation than the lower floodplain, and is inundated by floods with recurrence intervals greater than 10 years. The lowest Holocene terrace covers 35% of the mapped area and is approximately 1 m higher in elevation than the upper floodplain. Though the lowest terrace has not been inundated or built since 1945, the two floodplain deposits have been developing since before 1945.</p>\n<p>Flood magnitudes have decreased throughout the study area as a result of regulation, but these decreases are mitigated downstream from tributaries. Dam operations have not resulted in long-term progressive channel change or the development and abandonment of floodplain deposits. However, channel change is now dependant on the frequency of high-magnitude floods, and the frequency with which the two floodplains are inundated has been reduced.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Department of Watershed Sciences  Utah State University","publisherLocation":"Logan, UT","usgsCitation":"Nelson, N.C., and Schmidt, J.C., 2007, Hydrology and geomorphology of the Snake River in Grand Teton National Park: Annual Report, 126 p.","productDescription":"126 p.","numberOfPages":"136","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312482,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cfc.umt.edu/cesu/projects/agency_reports/nps/2005.php"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.9893798828125,\n              43.159112387154174\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.54443359375,\n              43.159112387154174\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.54443359375,\n              44.09942068528651\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9893798828125,\n              44.09942068528651\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9893798828125,\n              43.159112387154174\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"National Park Service \nCooperative Agreement # H1200040001","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5673eac4e4b0da412f4f824f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Nicholas C.","contributorId":150674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70160324,"text":"70160324 - 2007 - Effects of supplemental feeding on gastrointestinal parasite infection in Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus): Preliminary observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-11T07:18:52","indexId":"70160324","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3686,"text":"Veterinary Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of supplemental feeding on gastrointestinal parasite infection in Rocky Mountain Elk (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>): Preliminary observations","title":"Effects of supplemental feeding on gastrointestinal parasite infection in Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus): Preliminary observations","docAbstract":"<p>The effects of management practices on the spread and impact of parasites and infectious diseases in wildlife and domestic animals are of increasing concern worldwide, particularly in cases where management of wild species can influence disease spill-over into domestic animals. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA, winter supplemental feeding of Rocky Mountain elk (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) may enhance parasite and disease transmission by aggregating elk on feedgrounds. In this study, we tested the effect of supplemental feeding on gastrointestinal parasite infection in elk by comparing fecal egg/oocyst counts of fed and unfed elk. We collected fecal samples from fed and unfed elk at feedground and control sites from January to April 2006, and screened all samples for parasites. Six different parasite types were identified, and 48.7% of samples were infected with at least one parasite. Gastrointenstinal (GI) nematodes (Nematoda: Strongylida), <i>Trichuris</i> spp., and coccidia were the most common parasites observed. For all three of these parasites, fecal egg/oocyst counts increased from January to April. Supplementally fed elk had significantly higher GI nematode egg counts than unfed elk in January and February, but significantly lower counts in April. These patterns suggest that supplemental feeding may both increase exposure and decrease susceptibility of elk to GI nematodes, resulting in differences in temporal patterns of egg shedding between fed and unfed elk.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.07.006","usgsCitation":"Hines, A.M., Ezenwa, V.O., Cross, P.C., and Rogerson, J., 2007, Effects of supplemental feeding on gastrointestinal parasite infection in Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus): Preliminary observations: Veterinary Parasitology, v. 148, no. 3-4, p. 350-355, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.07.006.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"350","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.1651611328125,\n              44.10730980734024\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.786376953125,\n              44.10730980734024\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.786376953125,\n              45.08127861241874\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1651611328125,\n              45.08127861241874\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1651611328125,\n              44.10730980734024\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"148","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5673eac3e4b0da412f4f8247","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hines, Alicia M.","contributorId":150639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hines","given":"Alicia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ezenwa, Vanessa O.","contributorId":96179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ezenwa","given":"Vanessa","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rogerson, Jared D.","contributorId":106401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogerson","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70160325,"text":"70160325 - 2007 - Where the buffalo roam: The role of history and genetics in the conservation of bison on U.S. federal lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-18T10:50:06","indexId":"70160325","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Where the buffalo roam: The role of history and genetics in the conservation of bison on U.S. federal lands","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"bodyText\">As an emblem of the Great Plains, American Indians, and wildlife conservation, the American bison (<i>Bison bison</i>) is one of the most visible and well-known of wildlife species in North America (fig. 1, above). Species of the genus Bison originally entered the continent via the Bering land bridge from northern Eurasia in the Illinoian glacial period of the Pleistocene epoch (125,000&ndash;500,000 years ago). Bison are the largest species in North America to have survived the late Pleistocene&ndash;early Holocene megafauna extinction period (around 9,000&ndash;11,000 years ago), but likely experienced a dramatic population reduction triggered by environmental changes and increased human hunting pressures around this time (Dary 1989; McDonald 1981). The modern American bison species (<i>Bison bison</i>) emerged and expanded across the grasslands of North America around 4,000&ndash;5,000 years ago (McDonald 1981). As the major grazer of the continent, bison populations ranged from central Mexico to northern Canada and nearly from the east to west coasts (<a id=\"anch_15\"></a>fig. 2; McDonald 1981), with 25&ndash;40 million bison estimated to have roamed the Great Plains prior to the 19th century (Flores 1991; McHugh 1972; Shaw 1995).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Corvallis, OR","usgsCitation":"Halbert, N.D., Gogan, P.J., Hiebert, R., and Derr, J.N., 2007, Where the buffalo roam: The role of history and genetics in the conservation of bison on U.S. federal lands: Park Science, v. 24, no. 2, p. 22-29.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312431,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nature.nps.gov/parkscience/index.cfm?ArticleID=149"}],"country":"Canada, United 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