Mountains and mountain societies provide a wide range of goods and services to humanity, but they are particularly sensitive to the effects of global environmental change. Thus, the definition of appropriate management regimes that maintain the multiple functions of mountain regions in a time of greatly changing climatic, economic, and societal drivers constitutes a significant challenge. Management decisions must be based on a sound understanding of the future dynamics of these systems. The present article reviews the elements required for an integrated effort to project the impacts of global change on mountain regions, and recommends tools that can be used at 3 scientific levels (essential, improved, and optimum). The proposed strategy is evaluated with respect to UNESCO's network of Mountain Biosphere Reserves (MBRs), with the intention of implementing it in other mountain regions as well. First, methods for generating scenarios of key drivers of global change are reviewed, including land use/land cover and climate change. This is followed by a brief review of the models available for projecting the impacts of these scenarios on (1) cryospheric systems, (2) ecosystem structure and diversity, and (3) ecosystem functions such as carbon and water relations. Finally, the cross-cutting role of remote sensing techniques is evaluated with respect to both monitoring and modeling efforts. We conclude that a broad range of techniques is available for both scenario generation and impact assessments, many of which can be implemented without much capacity building across many or even most MBRs. However, to foster implementation of the proposed strategy, further efforts are required to establish partnerships between scientists and resource managers in mountain areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Mountain Society","doi":"10.1659/0276-4741(2007)27[66:MTBIOG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bugmann, H., Bjornsen, F.E., Haeberli, W., Guisan, A., Fagre, D.B., and Kaab, A., 2007, Modeling the biophysical impacts of global change in mountain biosphere reserves: Mountain Research and Development, v. 27, no. 1, p. 66-77, https://doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2007)27[66:MTBIOG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2007)27[66:mtbiog]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5673eac5e4b0da412f4f8257","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bugmann, H.K.M.","contributorId":114118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bugmann","given":"H.K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bjornsen, F. Ewert","contributorId":150635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bjornsen","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ewert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeberli, W.","contributorId":112978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeberli","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guisan, Antoine","contributorId":47943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guisan","given":"Antoine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kaab, A.","contributorId":150636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaab","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70160293,"text":"70160293 - 2007 - The Crown of the Continent: Striving for ecosystem sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-16T08:03:33","indexId":"70160293","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-03T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Crown of the Continent: Striving for ecosystem sustainability","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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These methods frequently fail to capture the kinds of hard boundaries common to many natural systems. Recently a local convex hull (LoCoH) nonparametric kernel method, which generalizes the minimum convex polygon (MCP) method, was shown to be more appropriate than parametric kernel methods for constructing HRs and UDs, because of its ability to identify hard boundaries (e.g., rivers, cliff edges) and convergence to the true distribution as sample size increases. Here we extend the LoCoH in two ways: ‘‘fixed sphere-of-influence,’’ or r -LoCoH (kernels constructed from all points within a fixed radius r of each reference point), and an ‘‘adaptive sphere-of-influence,’’ or a -LoCoH (kernels constructed from all points within a radius a such that the distances of all points within the radius to the reference point sum to a value less than or equal to a ), and compare them to the original ‘‘fixed-number-of-points,’’ or k -LoCoH (all kernels constructed from k -1 nearest neighbors of root points). We also compare these nonparametric LoCoH to parametric kernel methods using manufactured data and data collected from GPS collars on African buffalo in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Our results demonstrate that LoCoH methods are superior to parametric kernel methods in estimating areas used by animals, excluding unused areas (holes) and, generally, in constructing UDs and HRs arising from the movement of animals influenced by hard boundaries and irregular structures (e.g., rocky outcrops). We also demonstrate that a -LoCoH is generally superior to k - and r -LoCoH (with software for all three methods available at http://locoh.cnr.berkeley.edu).
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0000207","usgsCitation":"Getz, W.M., Fortmann-Roe, S., Cross, P.C., Lyons, A.J., Ryan, S.J., and Wilmers, C.C., 2007, LoCoH: Non-parameteric kernel methods for constructing home ranges and utilization distributions: PLoS ONE, v. 2, no. 2, e207: 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000207.","productDescription":"e207: 11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000207","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5673eac5e4b0da412f4f8253","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Getz, Wayne M.","contributorId":64563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getz","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fortmann-Roe, Scott","contributorId":150640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fortmann-Roe","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyons, Andrew J.","contributorId":150641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ryan, Sadie J.","contributorId":139037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Sadie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12623,"text":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilmers, Christopher C.","contributorId":150642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilmers","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70160342,"text":"70160342 - 2007 - Ecosystem responses to global climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-17T14:25:17","indexId":"70160342","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-26T04:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ecosystem responses to global climate change","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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Within the span of a few decades during the mid- to late-1800s its numbers were reduced by hunting and other factors to a few hundred. The plight of the plains bison led to one of the first major movements in North America to save an endangered species. A few individuals and the American Bison Society rescued the remaining animals. Attempts to hybridize cattle and bison when bison numbers were low resulted in extensive cattle gene introgression in bison. Today, though approximately 500,000 plains bison exist in North America, few are free of cattle gene introgression, 96% are subject to anthropogenic selection for commodity production, and only 4% are in herds managed primarily for conservation purposes. Small herd size, artificial selection, cattle-gene introgression, and other factors threaten the diversity and integrity of the bison genome. In addition, the bison is for all practical purposes ecologically extinct across its former range, with multiple consequences for grassland biodiversity. Urgent measures are needed to conserve the wild bison genome and to restore the ecological role of bison in grassland ecosystems. Socioeconomic trends in the Great Plains, combined with new information about bison conservation needs and new conservation initiatives by both the public and public sectors, have set the stage for significant progress in bison conservation over the next few years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.019","usgsCitation":"Freese, C.H., Aune, K., Boyd, D., Derr, J., Forrest, S.C., Gates, C.C., Gogan, P.J., Grassel, S.M., Halbert, N., Kunkel, K.E., and Redford, K., 2007, Second chance for the plains bison: Biological Conservation, v. 136, no. 2, p. 175-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.019.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United 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We devised a simple solar radiation index (SRI) that combines readily available information about aspect, slope, and latitude. Our SRI is proportional to the amount of extraterrestrial solar radiation theoretically striking an arbitrarily oriented surface during the hour surrounding solar noon on the equinox. Because it derives from first geometric principles and is linearly distributed, SRI offers clear advantages over aspect-based surrogates. The SRI also is superior to hillshade, which we found to be sometimes imprecise and ill-behaved. To illustrate application of our SRI, we assessed niche separation among 3 ungulate species along a single environmental axis, solar radiation, on the northern Yellowstone winter range. We detected no difference between the niches occupied by bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and elk (Cervus elaphus; P = 0.104), but found that mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) tended to use areas receiving more solar radiation than either of the other species (P < 0.001). Overall, our SRI provides a useful metric that can reduce noise, improve interpretability, and increase parsimony in wildlife habitat models containing a solar radiation component.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2006-359","usgsCitation":"Keating, K.A., Gogan, P.J., Vore, J.N., and Irby, L.R., 2007, A simple solar radiation index for wildlife habitat studies: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 4, p. 1344-1348, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-359.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1344","endPage":"1348","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.1651611328125,\n 44.10730980734024\n ],\n [\n -109.786376953125,\n 44.10730980734024\n ],\n [\n -109.786376953125,\n 45.08127861241874\n ],\n [\n -111.1651611328125,\n 45.08127861241874\n ],\n [\n -111.1651611328125,\n 44.10730980734024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5673eabae4b0da412f4f820e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keating, Kim A.","contributorId":44660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keating","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gogan, Peter J. 0000-0002-7821-133X peter_gogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-133X","contributorId":1771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogan","given":"Peter","email":"peter_gogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vore, John N.","contributorId":150637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vore","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":5099,"text":"Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irby, Lynn R.","contributorId":150541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irby","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5098,"text":"Department of Ecology, Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160317,"text":"70160317 - 2007 - The art and science of weed mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-17T08:36:07","indexId":"70160317","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The art and science of weed mapping","docAbstract":"Land managers need cost-effective and informative tools for non-native plant species management. Many local, state, and federal agencies adopted mapping systems designed to collect comparable data for the early detection and monitoring of non-native species. We compared mapping information to statistically rigorous, plot-based methods to better understand the benefits and compatibility of the two techniques. Mapping non-native species locations provided a species list, associated species distributions, and infested area for subjectively selected survey sites. The value of this information may be compromised by crude estimates of cover and incomplete or biased estimations of species distributions. Incorporating plot-based assessments guided by a stratified-random sample design provided a less biased description of non-native species distributions and increased the comparability of data over time and across regions for the inventory, monitoring, and management of non-native and native plant species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-006-9530-0","usgsCitation":"Barnett, D., Stohlgren, T.J., Jarnevich, C.S., Chong, G.W., Ericson, J.A., Davern, T.R., and Simonson, S.E., 2007, The art and science of weed mapping: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 132, no. 1, p. 235-252, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9530-0.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5673eac9e4b0da412f4f826a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnett, David T.","contributorId":86234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"David T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chong, Geneva W. 0000-0003-3883-5153 geneva_chong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3883-5153","contributorId":419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"Geneva","email":"geneva_chong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ericson, Jenny A.","contributorId":20227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericson","given":"Jenny","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davern, Tracy R.","contributorId":12335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davern","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Simonson, Sara E.","contributorId":94933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonson","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70160315,"text":"70160315 - 2007 - Evaluating estimators for numbers of females with cubs-of-the-year in the Yellowstone grizzly bear population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T17:04:16.109151","indexId":"70160315","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-15T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating estimators for numbers of females with cubs-of-the-year in the Yellowstone grizzly bear population","docAbstract":"Current management of the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population in Yellowstone National Park and surrounding areas requires annual estimation of the number of adult female bears with cubs-of-the-year. We examined the performance of nine estimators of population size via simulation. Data were simulated using two methods for different combinations of population size, sample size, and coefficient of variation of individual sighting probabilities. We show that the coefficient of variation does not, by itself, adequately describe the effects of capture heterogeneity, because two different distributions of capture probabilities can have the same coefficient of variation. All estimators produced biased estimates of population size with bias decreasing as effort increased. Based on the simulation results we recommend the Chao estimator for model M h be used to estimate the number of female bears with cubs of the year; however, the estimator of Chao and Shen may also be useful depending on the goals of the research.
","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1198/108571107X198804","usgsCitation":"Cherry, S., White, G., Keating, K., Haroldson, M.A., and Schwartz, C.C., 2007, Evaluating estimators for numbers of females with cubs-of-the-year in the Yellowstone grizzly bear population: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 12, no. 2, p. 195-215, https://doi.org/10.1198/108571107X198804.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"215","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.1651611328125,\n 44.10730980734024\n ],\n [\n -109.786376953125,\n 44.10730980734024\n ],\n [\n -109.786376953125,\n 45.08127861241874\n ],\n [\n -111.1651611328125,\n 45.08127861241874\n ],\n [\n -111.1651611328125,\n 44.10730980734024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5673eac3e4b0da412f4f8249","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, S.","contributorId":50480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, G.C.","contributorId":150634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keating, K.A.","contributorId":44500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keating","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159652,"text":"70159652 - 2007 - Translocation and disease monitoring of wild laysan ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T16:43:33","indexId":"70159652","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-08T04:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1496,"text":"Endangered Species Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Translocation and disease monitoring of wild laysan ducks","docAbstract":"The Laysan duck (Anas laysanensis), also known as the Laysan teal because of its small size, is a critically endangered waterfowl species that once occurred widely across the Hawaiian Archipelago. For the past 150 years, however, it was restricted to a single population on Laysan, a 4-square-kilometer (1.5-square-mile) island with a hypersaline shallow lake. Laysan is part of the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge in Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, M.H., and Work, T.M., 2007, Translocation and disease monitoring of wild laysan ducks: Endangered Species Bulletin, v. XXXII, no. 4, p. 52-54.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/endangered/news/pdf/2007_highlights.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Laysan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -199.599609375,\n 13.410994034321702\n ],\n [\n -199.599609375,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -146.6015625,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -146.6015625,\n 13.410994034321702\n ],\n [\n -199.599609375,\n 13.410994034321702\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"XXXII","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564b0c68e4b0ebfbef0d3191","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Michelle H. 0000-0001-7253-8158 mreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":3871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Michelle","email":"mreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157431,"text":"70157431 - 2007 - Distribution and grain-size partitioning of metals in bovfom sediments of an experimentally acidified Wisconsin lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-23T09:23:36","indexId":"70157431","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-04T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and grain-size partitioning of metals in bovfom sediments of an experimentally acidified Wisconsin lake","docAbstract":"A study of concentrations and distribution of major and trace elements in surficial bottom sediments of Little Rock Lake in northern Wisconsin included examination of spatial variation and grain-size effects. No significant differences with respect to metal distribution in sediments were observed between the two basins of the lake, despite the experimental acidification of one of the basins from pH 6.1 to 4.6. The concentrations of most elements in the lake sediments were generally similar to soil concentrations in the area and were well below sediment quality criteria. Two exceptions were lead and zinc, whose concentrations in July 1990 exceeded the criteria of 50 μg/g and 100 μg/g, respectively, in both littoral and pelagic sediments. Concentrations of some elements, particularly Cu, Pb, and Zn, increased along transects from nearshore to midlake, following a similar gradient of sedimentary organic carbon. In contrast, Mn, Fe, and alkali/alkaline-earth elements were at maximum concentrations in nearshore sediments. These elements are less likely to partition to organic particles, and their distribution is more dependent on mineralogical composition, grain size, and other factors. Element concentrations varied among different sediment grain-size fractions, although a simple inverse relation to grain size was not observed. Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were more concentrated in a grain-size range 20–60 tm than in either the very fine or the coarse fractions, possibly because of the aggregation of smaller particles cemented together by organic and Fe/Mn hydrous-oxide coatings.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1994.tb03288.x","usgsCitation":"Elder, J.F., 2007, Distribution and grain-size partitioning of metals in bovfom sediments of an experimentally acidified Wisconsin lake: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 30, no. 2, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1994.tb03288.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Little Rock Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.71272468566895,\n 45.991475728517166\n ],\n [\n -89.71272468566895,\n 46.00298354480467\n ],\n [\n -89.69401359558105,\n 46.00298354480467\n ],\n [\n -89.69401359558105,\n 45.991475728517166\n ],\n [\n -89.71272468566895,\n 45.991475728517166\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5603cd37e4b03bc34f544af7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elder, John F.","contributorId":23919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148272,"text":"70148272 - 2007 - Volcanic fire and glacial ice: Mount Rogers National Recreation Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-04T08:57:43","indexId":"70148272","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-15T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"subseriesTitle":"Geologic wonders of the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests, No. 4","title":"Volcanic fire and glacial ice: Mount Rogers National Recreation Area","docAbstract":"In addition to containing the highest point in Virginia (Mount Rogers, elevation 5,729 feet), the Mount Rogers National Recreation Area (NRA) of the Jefferson National Forest is a window on the history of ancient volcanic eruptions and glacial movement.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70148272","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and U.S. Forest Service, 2007, Volcanic fire and glacial ice: Mount Rogers National Recreation Area: General Information Product, Pamphlet: 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70148272.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300857,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70148272.JPG"},{"id":300856,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volcanic_glacial/gip_mtrogers4_letter.pdf","text":"report","size":"4.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"report","linkHelpText":"8.5\"x11\" - letter-size paper"},{"id":300801,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volcanic_glacial/gip_mtrogers4_legal.pdf","text":"report","size":"4.99 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"report","linkHelpText":"8.5\"x14\" - legal-size paper"},{"id":300800,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volcanic_glacial/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rogers National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 36.53612263184686\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 36.90597988519294\n ],\n [\n -80.826416015625,\n 36.90597988519294\n ],\n [\n -80.826416015625,\n 36.53612263184686\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 36.53612263184686\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566eae9e4b0d9246a9ec307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":547752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"U.S. Forest Service","contributorId":128067,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Forest Service","id":547753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157485,"text":"70157485 - 2007 - Frequency-duration analysis of dissolved-oxygen concentrations in two southwestern Wisconsin streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-24T13:12:45","indexId":"70157485","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-06T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequency-duration analysis of dissolved-oxygen concentrations in two southwestern Wisconsin streams","docAbstract":"Historically, dissolved-oxygen (DO) data have been collected in the same manner as other water-quality constituents, typically at infrequent intervals as a grab sample or an instantaneous meter reading. Recent years have seen an increase in continuous water-quality monitoring with electronic dataloggers. This new technique requires new approaches in the statistical analysis of the continuous record. This paper presents an application of frequency-duration analysis to the continuous DO records of a cold and a warm water stream in rural southwestern Wisconsin. This method offers a quick, concise way to summarize large time-series data bases in an easily interpretable manner. Even though the two streams had similar mean DO concentrations, frequency-duration analyses showed distinct differences in their DO-concentration regime. This type of analysis also may be useful in relating DO concentrations to biological effects and in predicting low DO occurrences.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1995.tb04031.x","usgsCitation":"Greb, S.R., and Graczyk, D., 2007, Frequency-duration analysis of dissolved-oxygen concentrations in two southwestern Wisconsin streams: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 31, no. 3, p. 431-438, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1995.tb04031.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"438","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County, Grant County","otherGeospatial":"Garfoot Creek, Rattlesnake 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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mysteries in Our National Parks: The Hunted: A Mystery in Glacier National Park","language":"English","publisher":"National Geographic Children's Books","isbn":"978-1426300950","usgsCitation":"Kendall, K.C., 2007, Afterword.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":311473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf41e4b0112df6c62de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, Katherine C. 0000-0002-4831-2287 kkendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-2287","contributorId":3081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Katherine","email":"kkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187656,"text":"70187656 - 2007 - Effective groundwater model calibration: With analysis of data, sensitivities, predictions, and uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:34:17","indexId":"70187656","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Effective groundwater model calibration: With analysis of data, sensitivities, predictions, and uncertainty","docAbstract":"Methods and guidelines for developing and using mathematical models
Turn to Effective Groundwater Model Calibration for a set of methods and guidelines that can help produce more accurate and transparent mathematical models. The models can represent groundwater flow and transport and other natural and engineered systems. Use this book and its extensive exercises to learn methods to fully exploit the data on hand, maximize the model's potential, and troubleshoot any problems that arise. Use the methods to perform:
Most of the methods are based on linear and nonlinear regression theory.
Fourteen guidelines show the reader how to use the methods advantageously in practical situations.
Exercises focus on a groundwater flow system and management problem, enabling readers to apply all the methods presented in the text. The exercises can be completed using the material provided in the book, or as hands-on computer exercises using instructions and files available on the text's accompanying Web site.
Throughout the book, the authors stress the need for valid statistical concepts and easily understood presentation methods required to achieve well-tested, transparent models. Most of the examples and all of the exercises focus on simulating groundwater systems; other examples come from surface-water hydrology and geophysics.
The methods and guidelines in the text are broadly applicable and can be used by students, researchers, and engineers to simulate many kinds systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9780470041086.index","issn":"047177636X","isbn":" 9780471776369","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., and Tiedeman, C.R., 2007, Effective groundwater model calibration: With analysis of data, sensitivities, predictions, and uncertainty, xviii, 480 p. , https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470041086.index.","productDescription":"xviii, 480 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9b6e4b044b359e486a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170335,"text":"70170335 - 2007 - Zircon crystallization and recycling in the magma chamber of the rhyolitic Kos Plateau Tuff (Aegean arc)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-25T13:36:40.269424","indexId":"70170335","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zircon crystallization and recycling in the magma chamber of the rhyolitic Kos Plateau Tuff (Aegean arc)","docAbstract":"In contrast to most large-volume silicic magmas in continental arcs, which are thought to evolve as open systems with significant assimilation of preexisting crust, the Kos Plateau Tuff magma formed dominantly by crystal fractionation of mafic parents. Deposits from this ∼60 km3 pyroclastic eruption (the largest known in the Aegean arc) lack xenocrystic zircons [secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U-Pb ages on zircon cores never older than 500 ka] and display Sr-Nd whole-rock isotopic ratios within the range of European mantle in an area with exposed Paleozoic and Tertiary continental crust; this evidence implies a nearly closed-system chemical differentiation. Consequently, the age range provided by zircon SIMS U-Th-Pb dating is a reliable indicator of the duration of assembly and longevity of the silicic magma body above its solidus. The age distribution from 160 ka (age of eruption by sanidine 40Ar/39Ar dating; Smith et al., 1996) to ca. 500 ka combined with textural characteristics (high crystal content, corrosion of most anhydrous phenocrysts, but stability of hydrous phases) suggest (1) a protracted residence in the crust as a crystal mush and (2) rejuvenation (reduced crystallization and even partial resorption of minerals) prior to eruption probably induced by new influx of heat (and volatiles). This extended evolution chemically isolated from the surrounding crust is a likely consequence of the regional geodynamics because the thinned Aegean microplate acts as a refractory container for magmas in the dying Aegean subduction zone (continent-continent subduction).
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G23151A.1","usgsCitation":"Bachman, O., Charlier, B.L., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2007, Zircon crystallization and recycling in the magma chamber of the rhyolitic Kos Plateau Tuff (Aegean arc): Geology, v. 35, p. 73-76, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23151A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"76","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Aegean Arc","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 22.4560546875,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n 22.4560546875,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n 28.30078125,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n 28.30078125,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n 22.4560546875,\n 35.567980458012094\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57160545e4b0ef3b7ca920a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bachman, O.","contributorId":10228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachman","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charlier, B. L. A.","contributorId":45090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charlier","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70120892,"text":"70120892 - 2007 - Suspended-sediment transport measurement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-15T16:22:12.160406","indexId":"70120892","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-18T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Suspended-sediment transport measurement","docAbstract":"Of the two operationally defined phases of fluvial-sediment transport – suspended load and bedload – collection of suspended-load data is the more common. This is a reflection of a number of factors including the general predominance of suspended load over bedload in mass transport and the greater difficulty and costs associated with collecting bedload data. Acquisition of suspended-sediment data for sediment-transport computations requires collection of water-sediment samples that represent, or can be reliably adjusted to represent, the mean discharge-weighted concentration and particle-size distribution in a cross section at the time of sample collection. Analytical results from a sufficient number of representative samples obtained with concurrent water-discharge values are needed to compute suspended-sediment discharge for the period of interest.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Water Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., 2007, Suspended-sediment transport measurement, chap. of Encyclopedia of Water Science, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292415,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781351249829/chapters/10.1081/E-EWS2-120042046"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25ff0e4b0333418718967","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70120670,"text":"70120670 - 2007 - Vision for a worldwide fluvial-sediment information network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-16T09:44:07","indexId":"70120670","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T13:13:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Vision for a worldwide fluvial-sediment information network","docAbstract":"The nations of the world suffer both from the deleterious effects of some natural and human-altered fluxes of fluvial sediment and a lack of consistent and reliable information on the temporal and spatial occurrence of fluvial sediments. Decades ago, this difficulty was unavoidable due to a lack of understanding of the magnitude and scope of environmental influences exerted by fluvial sediment coupled with a dearth of tools for monitoring and studying the data. Such is no longer the case.
\n\n
Fluvial sediment has a broad influence on the environment and humanity. Data needs that were once limited primarily to reservoir and channel maintenance now include issues associated with public water supply; contaminated sediment management; productivity of agricultural lands; stream restoration and watershed health; in-stream biotic stability; post-wildfire channel morphology; dam decommissioning, rehabilitation, or removal; and legal requirements for sediment management (Gray and Glysson, 2005).
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The adverse effects of poorly managed or unmanaged sediment movement related to these and other issues are well-known qualitatively, and in some cases quantitatively. For example, physical, chemical, and biological damages attributable to fluvial sediment in North America alone are now estimated to range between $20 billion and $50 billion annually (Pimental and others, 1995; Osterkamp and others, 1998; 2004). Capabilities for monitoring, analyzing, storing, and sharing fluvial-sediment data have been developed and, in many cases, are sufficiently mature for consideration for global utilization. Hence, there is not only a strong and expanding need for a global effort to gauge and understand fluvial-sediment characteristics and processes better, but the knowledge and tools to achieve these ends are largely available and ready for their applicability to be evaluated. Given the increasing importance of erosion and sediment processes for water-resources management, an International Sedimentation Initiative (ISI, 2007a), under the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization’s International Hydrologic Programme (IHP, 2007) was adopted in 2004. The ISI, the focus of which is on sustainable water-resources management on the global scale, features six major activities and projects, which are listed as part of the section entitled, “Relation of the WoFSIN concept to the thrusts of the International Sedimentation Initiative,” that precedes the “Conclusions” section of this paper.
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Based on the need for more, and more consistent and reliable fluvial-sediment information and on the existence of the ISI and other international and national sediment programs, we envision the need for a Worldwide Fluvial Sediment-Information Network (WoFSIN) with a focus on data acquisition, storage, and dissemination globally. Envisioned components of a WoFSIN, administered largely via the Internet and relying mostly on the benefits derived from existing resources and programs, follow that summary. The goal of the WoFSIN is to maximize the availability and usefulness of the world’s historical and current fluvial-sediment and ancillary data through collaboration with existing programs so as to require few additional resources in the long-term. Thus, the WoFSIN concept was developed recognizing that informed resource management is predicated on the availability of adequate and reliable information.
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The WoFSIN is described in the ensuing sections in stand-alone fashion, followed by a section that describes the complementary aspects of the WoFSIN and the International Sediment Initiative. Thus, our first objective is to describe the fundamental components of a WoFSIN. Our second objective is to identify overlap or gaps between the WoFSIN and ISI concepts that might be useful in refining the ISI’s ability to meet its global mission to develop decision support for sediment management at the global scale more fully, cost-effectively, and (or) with enhanced quality.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on River Sedimentation, August 1-4, 2007, Moscow, Russia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Moscow State University","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., and Osterkamp, W.R., 2007, Vision for a worldwide fluvial-sediment information network, in Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on River Sedimentation, August 1-4, 2007, Moscow, Russia, v. I, p. 43-54.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292304,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.irtces.org/zt/10isrs/lunwenji.asp"},{"id":292303,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.irtces.org/zt/10isrs/lunwen/Session%200/Symposium_0_5.htm"}],"volume":"I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ef1edae4b0bfa1f993f034","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. R.","contributorId":63372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045707,"text":"70045707 - 2007 - Applying the scientific method when assessing the influence of migratory birds on the dispersal of H5N1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T12:38:16","indexId":"70045707","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3697,"text":"Virology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying the scientific method when assessing the influence of migratory birds on the dispersal of H5N1","docAbstract":"The role of wild birds in the dispersal of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 continues to be the subject of considerable debate. However, some researchers functionally examining the same question are applying opposing null hypotheses when examining this issue.
\nI describe the correct method for establishing a null hypothesis under the scientific method. I suggest that the correct null hypothesis is that migratory birds can disperse this virus during migration and encourage researchers to design studies to falsify this null. Finally, I provide several examples where statements made during this debate, while strictly true, are not generally informative or are speculative.
\nBy adhering to the scientific method, definitive answers regarding the role of wild birds in the dispersal of highly pathogenic viruses will be reached more effectively.
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