{"pageNumber":"224","pageRowStart":"5575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16456,"records":[{"id":70037403,"text":"70037403 - 2009 - Salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness of native xeroriparian plants in semi-arid western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037403","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":846,"text":"Applied Soil Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness of native xeroriparian plants in semi-arid western USA","docAbstract":"Restoration of salt-affected soils is a global concern. In the western United States, restoration of salinized land, particularly in river valleys, often involves control of Tamarix, an introduced species with high salinity tolerance. Revegetation of hydrologically disconnected floodplains and terraces after Tamarix removal is often difficult because of limited knowledge regarding the salinity tolerance of candidate native species for revegetation. Additionally, Tamarix appears to be non-mycorrhizal. Extended occupation of Tamarix may deplete arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, further decreasing the success of revegetation efforts. To address these issues, we screened 42 species, races, or ecotypes native to southwestern U.S. for salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness. As expected, the taxa tested showed a wide range of responses to salinity and mycorrhizal fungi. This variation also occurred between ecotypes or races of the same species, indicating that seed collected from high-salinity reference systems is likely better adapted to harsh conditions than seed originating from less saline environments. All species tested had a positive or neutral response to mycorrhizal inoculation. We found no clear evidence that mycorrhizae increased salinity tolerance, but some species were so dependent on mycorrhizal fungi that they grew poorly at all salinity levels in pasteurized soil. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Soil Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.07.004","issn":"09291393","usgsCitation":"Beauchamp, V., Walz, C., and Shafroth, P., 2009, Salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness of native xeroriparian plants in semi-arid western USA: Applied Soil Ecology, v. 43, no. 2-3, p. 175-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.07.004.","startPage":"175","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217152,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.07.004"},{"id":245073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaff6e4b0c8380cd8786e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beauchamp, Vanessa B.","contributorId":76544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"Vanessa B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walz, C.","contributorId":21793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walz","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037405,"text":"70037405 - 2009 - Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T11:12:20","indexId":"70037405","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>Effective remediation requires an understanding of the relative contributions of metals from all sources in a catchment, and that understanding must be based on a spatially detailed quantification of metal loading. A traditional approach to quantifying metal loading has been to measure discharge and chemistry at a catchment outlet. This approach can quantify annual loading and the temporal changes in load, but does not provide the needed spatial detail to evaluate specific sources, which is needed to support remediation decisions. A catchment or mass-loading approach provides spatial detail by combining tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling methods to quantify loading. Examples of studies in American Fork, Utah, and its tributary Mary Ellen Gulch illustrate this different approach. The mass-loading study in American Fork treated Mary Ellen Gulch as a single inflow. From that point of view, Mary Ellen Gulch was one of the greatest sources of Fe, Mn, Zn, and colloidal Pb loads to American Fork. But when Mary Ellen Gulch was evaluated in a separate catchment study, the detailed locations of metal loading were identified, and the extent of metal attenuation upstream from the mouth of Mary Ellen Gulch was quantified. The net, instantaneous load measured at the mouth of Mary Ellen Gulch for remediation planning would greatly underestimate the contributions of principal sources within the catchment. Extending the detailed sampling downstream from Mary Ellen Gulch indicated the possibility of diffuse groundwater inflow from Mary Ellen Gulch to American Fork. Comparing loads for Mary Ellen Gulch in the two studies indicates that metal loads could be substantially underestimated for planning purposes without the detailed catchment approach for the low-flow conditions in these studies. A mass-loading approach provides both the needed quantification of metal loading and the spatial detail to guide remediation decisions that would be the most effective in the catchments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5","issn":"10259112","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R., 2009, Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 28, no. 4, p. 274-290, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"290","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217180,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10230-009-0085-5"},{"id":245102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94c4e4b08c986b31ac36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037451,"text":"70037451 - 2009 - Urban streams across the USA: Lessons learned from studies in 9 metropolitan areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T21:34:54.194429","indexId":"70037451","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urban streams across the USA: Lessons learned from studies in 9 metropolitan areas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Studies of the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems have usually focused on single metropolitan areas. Synthesis of the results of such studies have been useful in developing general conceptual models of the effects of urbanization, but the strength of such generalizations is enhanced by applying consistent study designs and methods to multiple metropolitan areas across large geographic scales. We summarized the results from studies of the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in 9 metropolitan areas across the US (Boston, Massachusetts; Raleigh, North Carolina; Atlanta, Georgia; Birmingham, Alabama; Milwaukee-Green Bay, Wisconsin; Denver, Colorado; Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Portland, Oregon). These studies were conducted as part of the US Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment Program and were based on a common study design and used standard sample-collection and processing methods to facilitate comparisons among study areas. All studies included evaluations of hydrology, physical habitat, water quality, and biota (algae, macroinvertebrates, fish). Four major conclusions emerged from the studies. First, responses of hydrologic, physical-habitat, water-quality, and biotic variables to urbanization varied among metropolitan areas, except that insecticide inputs consistently increased with urbanization. Second, prior land use, primarily forest and agriculture, appeared to be the most important determinant of the response of biota to urbanization in the areas we studied. Third, little evidence was found for resistance to the effects of urbanization by macroinvertebrate assemblages, even at low levels of urbanization. Fourth, benthic macroinvertebrates have important advantages for assessing the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems relative to algae and fishes. Overall, our results demonstrate regional differences in the effects of urbanization on stream biota and suggest additional studies to elucidate the causes of these underlying differences.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1899/08-153.1","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., Cuffney, T.F., Coles, J.F., Fitzpatrick, F., McMahon, G., Steuer, J., Bell, A.H., and May, J.T., 2009, Urban streams across the USA: Lessons learned from studies in 9 metropolitan areas: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1051-1069, https://doi.org/10.1899/08-153.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1051","endPage":"1069","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-008405","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science 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0000-0001-7675-777X gmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-777X","contributorId":191488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Gerard","email":"gmcmahon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steuer, Jeffrey","contributorId":97530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bell, Amanda H. 0000-0002-7199-2145 ahbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-2145","contributorId":1752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Amanda","email":"ahbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112 jasonmay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason","email":"jasonmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037484,"text":"70037484 - 2009 - Biodegradation of 17β-estradiol, estrone, and testosterone in stream sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T14:04:48","indexId":"70037484","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Biodegradation of 17β-estradiol, estrone, and testosterone in stream sediments","docAbstract":"<p>The release of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent poses a significant threat to the ecology of surface water receptors, due to impacts on the hormonal control, sexual development, reproductive success and community structure of the indigenous aquatic organisms and associated wildlife. Among the EDCs commonly observed in WWTP effluent, the natural [e.g., 17??-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1)] and synthetic [e.g., ethynylestradiol (EE2)] estrogens are particular concerns owing to their high endocrine reactivity in both in vitro and in vivo laboratory models. These reproductive hormones have been identified as the primary cause of estrogenic effects in wastewater effluent, with greater than 95% of the estrogen receptor agonist activity in effluent attributed to this contaminant group. The potentials for in situ biodegradation of 17??-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and testosterone (T) were investigated in three, hydrologically-distinct, WWTP-impacted streams in the United States. Relative differences in the mineralization of [4-<sup>14</sup>C] substrates were assessed in oxic microcosms containing sediment or water-only from locations upstream and downstream of the WWTP outfall in each system. Upstream samples provided insight into the biodegradative potential of sediment microbial communities that were not under the immediate impact of WWTP effluent. Upstream sediment from all three systems demonstrated significant mineralization of the \"A\" ring of E2, E1 and T, with the potential of T biodegradation consistently greater than of E2 and no systematic difference in the potentials of E2 and E1. Downstream samples provided insight into the impacts of effluent on reproductive hormone biodegradation. Significant \"A\" ring mineralization was also observed in downstream sediment, with the potentials for E1 and T mineralization being substantially depressed relative to upstream samples. In marked contrast, the potentials for E2 mineralization immediately downstream of the WWTP outfalls were more than double that of upstream samples. E2 mineralization was also observed in water, albeit at insufficient rate to prevent substantial downstream transport in the water column. The results of this study indicate that, in combination with sediment sorption processes which effectively scavenge hydrophobic contaminants from the water column and immobilize them in the vicinity of the WWTP outfall, aerobic biodegradation of reproductive hormones can be an environmentally important mechanism for nonconservative (destructive) attenuation of hormonal endocrine disruptors in effluent-impacted streams.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation-2009: Proceedings of the 10th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium","conferenceTitle":"10th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation-2009","conferenceDate":"5 May 2009 through 8 May 2009","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","isbn":"9780981973012","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Chapelle, F.H., Barber, L.B., McMahon, P., Gray, J., and Kolpin, D., 2009, Biodegradation of 17β-estradiol, estrone, and testosterone in stream sediments, <i>in</i> In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation-2009: Proceedings of the 10th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, Baltimore, MD, 5 May 2009 through 8 May 2009.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f145e4b0c8380cd4ab45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gray, J.L.","contributorId":18566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037491,"text":"70037491 - 2009 - Kootenai River velocities, depth, and white sturgeon spawning site selection – A mystery unraveled?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-12T08:43:30","indexId":"70037491","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kootenai River velocities, depth, and white sturgeon spawning site selection – A mystery unraveled?","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Kootenai River white sturgeon&nbsp;</span><i>Acipenser transmontanus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>population in Idaho, US and British Columbia (BC), Canada became recruitment limited shortly after Libby Dam became fully operational on the Kootenai River, Montana, USA in 1974. In the USA the species was listed under the Endangered Species Act in September of 1994. Kootenai River white sturgeon spawn within an 18-km reach in Idaho, river kilometer (rkm) 228.0–246.0. Each autumn and spring Kootenai River white sturgeon follow a ‘short two-step’ migration from the lower river and Kootenay Lake, BC, to staging reaches downstream of Bonners Ferry, Idaho. Initially, augmented spring flows for white sturgeon spawning were thought to be sufficient to recover the population. Spring discharge mitigation enhanced white sturgeon spawning but a series of research investigations determined that the white sturgeon were spawning over unsuitable incubation and rearing habitat (sand) and that survival of eggs and larvae was negligible. It was not known whether post-Libby Dam management had changed the habitat or if the white sturgeon were not returning to more suitable spawning substrates farther upstream. Fisheries and hydrology researchers made a team effort to determine if the spawning habitat had been changed by Libby Dam operations. Researchers modeled and compared velocities, sediment transport, and bathymetry with post-Libby Dam white sturgeon egg collection locations. Substrate coring studies confirmed cobbles and gravel substrates in most of the spawning locations but that they were buried under a meter or more of post-Libby Dam sediment. Analysis suggested that Kootenai River white sturgeon spawn in areas of highest available velocity and depths over a range of flows. Regardless of the discharge, the locations of accelerating velocities and maximum depth do not change and spawning locations remain consistent. Kootenai River white sturgeon are likely spawning in the same locations as pre-dam, but post-Libby Dam water management has reduced velocities and shear stress, thus sediment is now covering the cobbles and gravels. Although higher discharges will likely provide more suitable spawning and rearing conditions, this would be socially and politically unacceptable because it would bring the river elevation to or in excess of 537.66&nbsp;m, which is flood stage. Thus, support should be given to habitat modifications incorporated into a management plan to restore suitable habitat and ensure better survival of eggs and larvae.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01364.x","usgsCitation":"Paragamian, V., McDonald, R., Nelson, G., and Barton, G., 2009, Kootenai River velocities, depth, and white sturgeon spawning site selection – A mystery unraveled?: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 25, no. 6, p. 640-646, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01364.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"640","endPage":"646","ipdsId":"IP-011633","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476222,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01364.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217094,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01364.x"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40c9e4b0c8380cd65030","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paragamian, V.L.","contributorId":54439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paragamian","given":"V.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, R.","contributorId":27668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, G.J.","contributorId":19814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barton, G.","contributorId":7111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032593,"text":"70032593 - 2009 - Mercury isotopic composition of hydrothermal systems in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and Guaymas Basin sea-floor rift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T10:43:04","indexId":"70032593","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury isotopic composition of hydrothermal systems in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and Guaymas Basin sea-floor rift","docAbstract":"To characterize mercury (Hg) isotopes and isotopic fractionation in hydrothermal systems we analyzed fluid and precipitate samples from hot springs in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and vent chimney samples from the Guaymas Basin sea-floor rift. These samples provide an initial indication of the variability in Hg isotopic composition among marine and continental hydrothermal systems that are controlled predominantly by mantle-derived magmas. Fluid samples from Ojo Caliente hot spring in Yellowstone range in &delta;<sup>202</sup>Hg from - 1.02&permil; to 0.58&permil; (&plusmn; 0.11&permil;, 2SD) and solid precipitate samples from Guaymas Basin range in &delta;<sup>202</sup>Hg from - 0.37&permil; to - 0.01&permil; (&plusmn; 0.14&permil;, 2SD). Fluid samples from Ojo Caliente display mass-dependent fractionation (MDF) of Hg from the vent (&delta;<sup>202</sup>Hg = 0.10&permil; &plusmn; 0.11&permil;, 2SD) to the end of the outflow channel (&delta<sup>202</sup>Hg = 0.58&permil; &plusmn; 0.11&permil;, 2SD) in conjunction with a decrease in Hg concentration from 46.6pg/g to 20.0pg/g. Although a small amount of Hg is lost from the fluids due to co-precipitation with siliceous sinter, we infer that the majority of the observed MDF and Hg loss from waters in Ojo Caliente is due to volatilization of Hg<sup>0</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> to Hg<sup>0</sup><sub>(g)</sub> and the preferential loss of Hg with a lower &delta;<sup>202</sup>Hg value to the atmosphere. A small amount of mass-independent fractionation (MIF) was observed in all samples from Ojo Caliente (&Delta;<sup>199</sup>Hg = 0.13&permil; &plusmn;1 0.06&permil;, 2SD) but no significant MIF was measured in the sea-floor rift samples from Guaymas Basin. This study demonstrates that several different hydrothermal processes fractionate Hg isotopes and that Hg isotopes may be used to better understand these processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.032","issn":"00128","usgsCitation":"Sherman, L., Blum, J., Nordstrom, D.K., McCleskey, R.B., Barkay, T., and Vetriani, C., 2009, Mercury isotopic composition of hydrothermal systems in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and Guaymas Basin sea-floor rift: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 279, no. 1-2, p. 86-96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.032.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":435,"text":"National Research Program - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.7337760925293,\n              44.40447671189411\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.71188926696777,\n              44.40447671189411\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.71188926696777,\n              44.42004966190147\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.7337760925293,\n              44.42004966190147\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.7337760925293,\n              44.40447671189411\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"279","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5420e4b0c8380cd6ceb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherman, L.S.","contributorId":36765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherman","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, J.D.","contributorId":30829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barkay, T.","contributorId":57617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barkay","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vetriani, C.","contributorId":20166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vetriani","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032558,"text":"70032558 - 2009 - Newly recognized hosts for uranium in the Hanford Site vadose zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:23:14","indexId":"70032558","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Newly recognized hosts for uranium in the Hanford Site vadose zone","docAbstract":"<p><span>Uranium contaminated sediments from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hanford Site have been investigated using electron microscopy. Six classes of solid hosts for uranium were identified. Preliminary sediment characterization was carried out using optical petrography, and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) was used to locate materials that host uranium. All of the hosts are fine-grained and intergrown with other materials at spatial scales smaller than the analytical volume of the electron microprobe. A focused ion beam (FIB) was used to prepare electron-transparent specimens of each host for the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The hosts were identified as: (1) metatorbernite [Cu(UO</span><sub>2</sub><span>)</span><sub>2</sub><span>(PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>)</span><sub>2</sub><span>·8H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O]; (2) coatings on sediment clasts comprised mainly of phyllosilicates; (3) an amorphous zirconium (oxyhydr)oxide found in clast coatings; (4) amorphous and poorly crystalline materials that line voids within basalt lithic fragments; (5) amorphous palagonite surrounding fragments of basaltic glass; and (6) Fe- and Mn-oxides. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of combining EMPA, FIB, and TEM to identify solid-phase contaminant hosts. Furthermore, they highlight the complexity of U geochemistry in the Hanford vadose zone, and illustrate the importance of microscopic transport in controlling the fate of contaminant metals in the environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.12.004","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Stubbs, J., Veblen, L., Elbert, D., Zachara, J., Davis, J., and Veblen, D., 2009, Newly recognized hosts for uranium in the Hanford Site vadose zone: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 6, p. 1563-1576, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.12.004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1563","endPage":"1576","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213854,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.12.004"}],"volume":"73","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a662ce4b0c8380cd72d43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stubbs, J.E.","contributorId":99384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stubbs","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veblen, L.A.","contributorId":37967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veblen","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elbert, D.C.","contributorId":104293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elbert","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zachara, J.M.","contributorId":96896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachara","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Veblen, D.R.","contributorId":25300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veblen","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032555,"text":"70032555 - 2009 - A simulation of historic hydrology and salinity in Everglades National Park: Coupling paleoecologic assemblage data with regression models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T14:13:42","indexId":"70032555","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simulation of historic hydrology and salinity in Everglades National Park: Coupling paleoecologic assemblage data with regression models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Restoration of Florida’s Everglades requires scientifically supportable hydrologic targets. This study establishes a restoration baseline by developing a method to simulate hydrologic and salinity conditions prior to anthropogenic changes. The method couples paleoecologic data on long-term historic ecosystem conditions with statistical models derived from observed meteorologic and hydrologic data that provide seasonal and annual variation. Results indicate that pre-drainage freshwater levels and hydroperiods in major sloughs of the Everglades were about 0.15&nbsp;m higher and two to four times greater, respectively, on average compared to today’s values. Pre-drainage freshwater delivered to the wetlands and estuaries is estimated to be 2.5 to four times greater than the modern-day flow, and the largest deficit is during the dry season. In Florida Bay, salinity has increased between 5.3 and 20.1 with the largest differences in the areas near freshwater outflow points. These results suggest that additional freshwater flows to the Everglades are needed for restoration of the freshwater marshes of the Everglades and estuarine environment of Florida Bay, particularly near the end of the dry season.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-008-9120-1","issn":"15592","usgsCitation":"Marshall, F.E., Wingard, G.L., and Pitts, P.A., 2009, A simulation of historic hydrology and salinity in Everglades National Park: Coupling paleoecologic assemblage data with regression models: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 32, no. 1, p. 37-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9120-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-006005","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213821,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9120-1"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e596e4b0c8380cd46e55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Frank E.","contributorId":88962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitts, Patrick A.","contributorId":90118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitts","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032525,"text":"70032525 - 2009 - Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-02T11:06:13","indexId":"70032525","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction","docAbstract":"Two statistics are presented that can be used to rank input parameters utilized by a model in terms of their relative identifiability based on a given or possible future calibration dataset. Identifiability is defined here as the capability of model calibration to constrain parameters used by a model. Both statistics require that the sensitivity of each model parameter be calculated for each model output for which there are actual or presumed field measurements. Singular value decomposition (SVD) of the weighted sensitivity matrix is then undertaken to quantify the relation between the parameters and observations that, in turn, allows selection of calibration solution and null spaces spanned by unit orthogonal vectors. The first statistic presented, \"parameter identifiability\", is quantitatively defined as the direction cosine between a parameter and its projection onto the calibration solution space. This varies between zero and one, with zero indicating complete non-identifiability and one indicating complete identifiability. The second statistic, \"relative error reduction\", indicates the extent to which the calibration process reduces error in estimation of a parameter from its pre-calibration level where its value must be assigned purely on the basis of prior expert knowledge. This is more sophisticated than identifiability, in that it takes greater account of the noise associated with the calibration dataset. Like identifiability, it has a maximum value of one (which can only be achieved if there is no measurement noise). Conceptually it can fall to zero; and even below zero if a calibration problem is poorly posed. An example, based on a coupled groundwater/surface-water model, is included that demonstrates the utility of the statistics. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.018","issn":"00221","usgsCitation":"Doherty, J., and Hunt, R.J., 2009, Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction: Journal of Hydrology, v. 366, no. 1-4, p. 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.018.","startPage":"119","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213886,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.018"},{"id":241553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"366","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb989e4b08c986b327c4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doherty, John","contributorId":43843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032524,"text":"70032524 - 2009 - Shallow water processes govern system-wide phytoplankton bloom dynamics: A modeling study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T09:05:19","indexId":"70032524","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2381,"text":"Journal of Marine Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow water processes govern system-wide phytoplankton bloom dynamics: A modeling study","docAbstract":"<p><span>A pseudo-two-dimensional numerical model of estuarine phytoplankton growth and consumption, vertical turbulent mixing, and idealized cross-estuary transport was developed and applied to South San Francisco Bay. This estuary has two bathymetrically distinct habitat types (deep channel, shallow shoal) and associated differences in local net rates of phytoplankton growth and consumption, as well as differences in the water column's tendency to stratify. Because many physical and biological time scales relevant to algal population dynamics decrease with decreasing depth, process rates can be especially fast in the shallow water. We used the model to explore the potential significance of hydrodynamic connectivity between a channel and shoal and whether lateral transport can allow physical or biological processes (e.g. stratification, benthic grazing, light attenuation) in one sub-region to control phytoplankton biomass and bloom development in the adjacent sub-region. Model results for South San Francisco Bay suggest that lateral transport from a productive shoal can result in phytoplankton biomass accumulation in an adjacent deep, unproductive channel. The model further suggests that turbidity and benthic grazing in the shoal can control the occurrence of a bloom system-wide; whereas, turbidity, benthic grazing, and vertical density stratification in the channel are likely to only control local bloom occurrence or modify system-wide bloom magnitude. Measurements from a related field program are generally consistent with model-derived conclusions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.07.011","issn":"09247","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., Koseff, J.R., Monismith, S., and Thompson, J., 2009, Shallow water processes govern system-wide phytoplankton bloom dynamics: A modeling study: Journal of Marine Systems, v. 75, no. 1-2, p. 70-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.07.011.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"86","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213853,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.07.011"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e46e4b08c986b318834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, L.V.","contributorId":62777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koseff, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":37915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koseff","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":436632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032486,"text":"70032486 - 2009 - Hydrograph separation for karst watersheds using a two-domain rainfall-discharge model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032486","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrograph separation for karst watersheds using a two-domain rainfall-discharge model","docAbstract":"Highly parameterized, physically based models may be no more effective at simulating the relations between rainfall and outflow from karst watersheds than are simpler models. Here an antecedent rainfall and convolution model was used to separate a karst watershed hydrograph into two outflow components: one originating from focused recharge in conduits and one originating from slow flow in a porous annex system. In convolution, parameters of a complex system are lumped together in the impulse-response function (IRF), which describes the response of the system to an impulse of effective precipitation. Two parametric functions in superposition approximate the two-domain IRF. The outflow hydrograph can be separated into flow components by forward modeling with isolated IRF components, which provides an objective criterion for separation. As an example, the model was applied to a karst watershed in the Madison aquifer, South Dakota, USA. Simulation results indicate that this watershed is characterized by a flashy response to storms, with a peak response time of 1 day, but that 89% of the flow results from the slow-flow domain, with a peak response time of more than 1 year. This long response time may be the result of perched areas that store water above the main water table. Simulation results indicated that some aspects of the system are stationary but that nonlinearities also exist.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.001","issn":"00221","usgsCitation":"Long, A., 2009, Hydrograph separation for karst watersheds using a two-domain rainfall-discharge model: Journal of Hydrology, v. 364, no. 3-4, p. 249-256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.001.","startPage":"249","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213819,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.001"},{"id":241479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"364","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a34f6e4b0c8380cd5fb7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032457,"text":"70032457 - 2009 - Case study of a full-scale evapotranspiration cover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T09:47:52","indexId":"70032457","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Case study of a full-scale evapotranspiration cover","docAbstract":"<div class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1 hlFld-Abstract\"><p>The design, construction, and performance analyses of a 6.1ha evapotranspiration (ET) landfill cover at the semiarid U.S. Army Fort Carson site, near Colorado Springs, Colo. are presented. Initial water-balance model simulations, using literature reported soil hydraulic data, aided selection of borrow-source soil type(s) that resulted in predictions of negligible annual drainage (⩽1mm∕year). Final construction design was based on refined water-balance simulations using laboratory determined soil hydraulic values from borrow area natural soil horizons that were described with USDA soil classification methods. Cover design components included a 122cm thick clay loam (USDA), compaction ⩽80% of the standard Proctor maximum dry density (dry bulk density ∼1.3Mg/m3), erosion control measures, top soil amended with biosolids, and seeding with native grasses. Favorable hydrologic performance for a 5year period was documented by lysimeter-measured and Richards’-based calculations of annual drainage that were all &lt;0.4mm∕year. Water potential data suggest that ET removed water that infiltrated the cover and contributed to a persistent driving force for upward flow and removal of water from below the base of the cover.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:3(316)","usgsCitation":"McGuire, P.E., Andraski, B.J., and Archibald, R.E., 2009, Case study of a full-scale evapotranspiration cover: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 135, no. 3, p. 316-332, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:3(316).","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"316","endPage":"332","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f38ce4b0c8380cd4b88a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, Patrick E.","contributorId":71008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGuire","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Archibald, Ryan E.","contributorId":27277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Archibald","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032425,"text":"70032425 - 2009 - Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032425","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA","docAbstract":"The Everglades (Florida, USA) is one of the world's larger subtropical peatlands with biological communities adapted to waters low in total dissolved solids and nutrients. Detecting how the pre-drainage hydrological system has been altered is crucial to preserving its functional attributes. However, reliable tools for hindcasting historic conditions in the Everglades are limited. A recent synthesis demonstrates that the proportion of surface-water inflows has increased relative to precipitation, accounting for 33% of total inputs compared with 18% historically. The largest new source of water is canal drainage from areas of former wetlands converted to agriculture. Interactions between groundwater and surface water have also increased, due to increasing vertical hydraulic gradients resulting from topographic and water-level alterations on the otherwise extremely flat landscape. Environmental solute tracer data were used to determine groundwater's changing role, from a freshwater storage reservoir that sustained the Everglades ecosystem during dry periods to a reservoir of increasingly degraded water quality. Although some of this degradation is attributable to increased discharge of deep saline groundwater, other mineral sources such as fertilizer additives and peat oxidation have made a greater contribution to water-quality changes that are altering mineral-sensitive biological communities. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x","issn":"14312","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., and McCormick, P., 2009, Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 185-201, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x.","startPage":"185","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476265,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213879,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x"},{"id":241545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dc4e4b0c8380cd5c004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, P.V.","contributorId":93272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032337,"text":"70032337 - 2009 - Relating groundwater to seasonal wetlands in southeastern Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032337","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relating groundwater to seasonal wetlands in southeastern Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Historically, drier types of wetlands have been difficult to characterize and are not well researched. Nonetheless, they are considered to reflect the precipitation history with little, if any, regard for possible relation to groundwater. Two seasonal coastal wetland types (wet prairie, sedge meadow) were investigated during three growing seasons at three sites in the Lake Michigan Basin, Wisconsin, USA. The six seasonal wetlands were characterized using standard soil and vegetation techniques and groundwater measurements from the shallow and deep systems. They all met wetland hydrology criteria (e.g., water within 30 cm of land surface for 5% of the growing season) during the early portion of the growing season despite the lack of appreciable regional groundwater discharge into the wetland root zones. Although root-zone duration analyses did not fit a lognormal distribution previously noted in groundwater-dominated wetlands, they were able to discriminate between the plant communities and showed that wet prairie communities had shorter durations of continuous soil saturation than sedge meadow communities. These results demonstrate that the relative rates of groundwater outflows can be important for wetland hydrology and resulting wetland type. Thus, regional stresses to the shallow groundwater system such as pumping or low Great Lake levels can be expected to affect even drier wetland types. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-008-0345-7","issn":"14312","usgsCitation":"Skalbeck, J., Reed, D., Hunt, R.J., and Lambert, J., 2009, Relating groundwater to seasonal wetlands in southeastern Wisconsin, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 215-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0345-7.","startPage":"215","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0345-7"},{"id":242812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a624e4b0e8fec6cdc0dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skalbeck, J.D.","contributorId":14657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalbeck","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, D.M.","contributorId":55659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lambert, J.D.","contributorId":98557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032309,"text":"70032309 - 2009 - Copper isotope fractionation in acid mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-02T08:53:19","indexId":"70032309","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper isotope fractionation in acid mine drainage","docAbstract":"<p><span>We measured the Cu isotopic composition of primary minerals and stream water affected by acid mine drainage in a mineralized watershed (Colorado, USA). The δ</span><sup>65</sup><span>Cu values (based on&nbsp;</span><sup>65</sup><span>Cu/</span><sup>63</sup><span>Cu) of enargite (δ</span><sup>65</sup><span>Cu</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>−0.01</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.10‰; 2</span><i>σ</i><span>) and chalcopyrite (δ</span><sup>65</sup><span>Cu</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.16</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.10‰) are within the range of reported values for terrestrial primary Cu sulfides (−1‰</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>δ</span><sup>65</sup><span>Cu</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>1‰). These mineral samples show lower δ</span><sup>65</sup><span>Cu values than stream waters (1.38‰</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>⩽</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>δ</span><sup>65</sup><span>Cu</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>⩽</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>1.69‰). The average isotopic fractionation (Δ</span><sub>aq-min</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>δ</span><sup>65</sup><span>Cu</span><sub>aq</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><span>−</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>δ</span><sup>65</sup><span>Cu</span><sub>min</sub><span>, where the latter is measured on mineral samples from the field system), equals 1.43</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.14‰ and 1.60</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.14‰ for chalcopyrite and enargite, respectively. To interpret this field survey, we leached chalcopyrite and enargite in batch experiments and found that, as in the field, the leachate is enriched in&nbsp;</span><sup>65</sup><span>Cu relative to chalcopyrite (1.37</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.14‰) and enargite (0.98</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.14‰) when microorganisms are absent. Leaching of minerals in the presence of&nbsp;</span><i>Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</i><span>&nbsp;results in smaller average fractionation in the opposite direction for chalcopyrite (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x394;</mi></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>aq-min</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>o</mtext></mrow></msup></mrow></msub><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>=</mo><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>0.57</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#xB1;</mo><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>0.14</mn><mi is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x2030;</mi></mrow></math>\">‰<span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Δaq-mino=-0.57±0.14‰</span></span></span><span>, where min</span><sup>o</sup><span>&nbsp;refers to the starting mineral) and no apparent fractionation for enargite (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x394;</mi></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>aq-min</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>o</mtext></mrow></msup></mrow></msub><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>=</mo><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>0.14</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#xB1;</mo><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>0.14</mn><mi is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x2030;</mi></mrow></math>\">‰<span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Δaq-mino=0.14±0.14‰</span></span></span><span>). Abiotic fractionation is attributed to preferential oxidation of&nbsp;</span><sup>65</sup><span>Cu</span><sup>+</sup><span>at the interface of the isotopically homogeneous mineral and the surface oxidized layer, followed by solubilization. When microorganisms are present, the abiotic fractionation is most likely not seen due to preferential association of&nbsp;</span><sup>65</sup><span>Cu</span><sub>aq</sub><span>&nbsp;with&nbsp;</span><i>A. ferrooxidans</i><span>&nbsp;cells and related precipitates. In the biotic experiments, Cu was observed under TEM to occur in precipitates around bacteria and in intracellular polyphosphate granules. Thus, the values of δ</span><sup>65</sup><span>Cu in the field and laboratory systems are presumably determined by the balance of Cu released abiotically and Cu that interacts with cells and related precipitates. Such isotopic signatures resulting from Cu sulfide dissolution should be useful for acid mine drainage remediation and ore prospecting purposes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.035","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B., Mathur, R., Dohnalkova, A., Wall, A., Runkel, R., and Brantley, S., 2009, Copper isotope fractionation in acid mine drainage: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 5, p. 1247-1263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.035.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1247","endPage":"1263","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214635,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.035"}],"volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbfde4b0c8380cd4e07a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B.E.","contributorId":9479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathur, R.","contributorId":75740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathur","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dohnalkova, A.C.","contributorId":77754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohnalkova","given":"A.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wall, A.J.","contributorId":8686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brantley, S.L.","contributorId":71676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032278,"text":"70032278 - 2009 - Distinguishing iron-reducing from sulfate-reducing conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:23:44","indexId":"70032278","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing iron-reducing from sulfate-reducing conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ground water systems dominated by iron‐ or sulfate‐reducing conditions may be distinguished by observing concentrations of dissolved iron (Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>) and sulfide (sum of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S, HS</span><sup>−</sup><span>, and S</span><sup>=</sup><span>&nbsp;species and denoted here as “H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S”). This approach is based on the observation that concentrations of Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S in ground water systems tend to be inversely related according to a hyperbolic function. That is, when Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;concentrations are high, H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S concentrations tend to be low and vice versa. This relation partly reflects the rapid reaction kinetics of Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;with H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S to produce relatively insoluble ferrous sulfides (FeS). This relation also reflects competition for organic substrates between the iron‐ and the sulfate‐reducing microorganisms that catalyze the production of Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S. These solubility and microbial constraints operate in tandem, resulting in the observed hyperbolic relation between Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S concentrations. Concentrations of redox indicators, including dissolved hydrogen (H</span><sub>2</sub><span>) measured in a shallow aquifer in Hanahan, South Carolina, suggest that if the Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>/H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S mass ratio (units of mg/L) exceeded 10, the screened interval being tapped was consistently iron reducing (H</span><sub>2</sub><span>∼0.2 to 0.8 nM). Conversely, if the Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>/H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S ratio was less than 0.30, consistent sulfate‐reducing (H</span><sub>2</sub><span>∼1 to 5 nM) conditions were observed over time. Concomitantly high Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S concentrations were associated with H</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations that varied between 0.2 and 5.0 nM over time, suggesting mixing of water from adjacent iron‐ and sulfate‐reducing zones or concomitant iron and sulfate reduction under nonelectron donor–limited conditions. These observations suggest that Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>/H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S mass ratios may provide useful information concerning the occurrence and distribution of iron and sulfate reduction in ground water systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00536.x","issn":"00174","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., Bradley, P., Thomas, M., and McMahon, P., 2009, Distinguishing iron-reducing from sulfate-reducing conditions: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 2, p. 300-305, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00536.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"305","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214632,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00536.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0250e4b0c8380cd4ffce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, M.A.","contributorId":66877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035355,"text":"70035355 - 2009 - Late Quaternary sedimentary features of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035355","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary sedimentary features of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","docAbstract":"Bear Lake sediments were predominantly aragonite for most of the Holocene, reflecting a hydrologically closed lake fed by groundwater and small streams. During the late Pleistocene, the Bear River flowed into Bear Lake and the lake waters spilled back into the Bear River drainage. At that time, sediment deposition was dominated by siliciclastic sediment and calcite. Lake-level fluctuation during the Holocene and late Pleistocene produced three types of aragonite deposits in the central lake area that are differentiated primarily by grain size, sorting, and diatom assemblage. Lake-margin deposits during this period consisted of sandy deposits including well-developed shoreface deposits on margins adjacent to relatively steep gradient lake floors and thin, graded shell gravel on margins adjacent to very low gradient lake-floor areas. Throughout the period of aragonite deposition, episodic drops in lake level resulted in erosion of shallow-water deposits, which were redeposited into the deeper lake. These sediment-focusing episodes are recognized by mixing of different mineralogies and crystal habits and mixing of a range of diatom fauna into poorly sorted mud layers. Lake-level drops are also indicated by erosional gaps in the shallow-water records and the occurrence of shoreline deposits in areas now covered by as much as 30 m of water. Calcite precipitation occurred for a short interval of time during the Holocene in response to an influx of Bear River water ca. 8 ka. The Pleistocene sedimentary record of Bear Lake until ca. 18 ka is dominated by siliciclastic glacial fl our derived from glaciers in the Uinta Mountains. The Bear Lake deep-water siliciclastic deposits are thoroughly bioturbated, whereas shallow-water deposits transitional to deltas in the northern part of the basin are upward-coarsening sequences of laminated mud, silt, and sand. A major drop in lake level occurred ca. 18 ka, resulting in subaerial exposure of the lake floor in areas now covered by over 40 m of water. The subaerial surfaces are indicated by root casts and gypsum-rich soil features. Bear Lake remained at this low state with a minor transgression until ca. 15 ka. A new influx of Bear River water produced a major lake transgression and deposited a thin calcite deposit. Bear Lake quickly dropped to a shallow-water state, accumulating a mixture of calcite and siliciclastic sediment that contains at least two intervals of root-disrupted horizons indicating lake-level drops to more than 40 m below the modern highstand. About 11,500 yr B.P., the lake level rose again through an influx of Bear River water producing another thin calcite layer. The Bear River ceased to flow into the basin and the lake salinity increased, resulting in the aragonite deposition that persisted until modern human activity. The climatic record of Bear Lake sediment is difficult to ascertain by using standard chemical and biological techniques because of variations in the inflow hydrology and the significant amount of erosion and redeposition of chemical and biological sediment components. Copyright ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2450(03)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Smoot, J.P., 2009, Late Quaternary sedimentary features of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 450, p. 49-104, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(03).","startPage":"49","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215522,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(03)"},{"id":243333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"450","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4535e4b0c8380cd67111","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smoot, J. P.","contributorId":65878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035344,"text":"70035344 - 2009 - Hurricane Wilma's impact on overall soil elevation and zones within the soil profile in a mangrove forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-16T11:37:46","indexId":"70035344","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricane Wilma's impact on overall soil elevation and zones within the soil profile in a mangrove forest","docAbstract":"Soil elevation affects tidal inundation period, inundation frequency, and overall hydroperiod, all of which are important ecological factors affecting species recruitment, composition, and survival in wetlands. Hurricanes can dramatically affect a site's soil elevation. We assessed the impact of Hurricane Wilma (2005) on soil elevation at a mangrove forest location along the Shark River in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Using multiple depth surface elevation tables (SETs) and marker horizons we measured soil accretion, erosion, and soil elevation. We partitioned the effect of Hurricane Wilma's storm deposit into four constituent soil zones: surface (accretion) zone, shallow zone (0–0.35 m), middle zone (0.35–4 m), and deep zone (4–6 m). We report expansion and contraction of each soil zone. Hurricane Wilma deposited 37.0 (± 3.0 SE) mm of material; however, the absolute soil elevation change was + 42.8 mm due to expansion in the shallow soil zone. One year post-hurricane, the soil profile had lost 10.0 mm in soil elevation, with 8.5 mm of the loss due to erosion. The remaining soil elevation loss was due to compaction from shallow subsidence. We found prolific growth of new fine rootlets (209 ± 34 SE g m<sup>−2</sup>) in the storm deposited material suggesting that deposits may become more stable in the near future (i.e., erosion rate will decrease). Surficial erosion and belowground processes both played an important role in determining the overall soil elevation. Expansion and contraction in the shallow soil zone may be due to hydrology, and in the middle and bottom soil zones due to shallow subsidence. Findings thus far indicate that soil elevation has made substantial gains compared to site specific relative sea-level rise, but data trends suggest that belowground processes, which differ by soil zone, may come to dominate the long term ecological impact of storm deposit.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/08-125.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Whelan, K., Smith, T.J., Anderson, G., and Ouellette, M., 2009, Hurricane Wilma's impact on overall soil elevation and zones within the soil profile in a mangrove forest: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 1, p. 16-23, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-125.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"23","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215373,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-125.1"},{"id":243171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.52,24.85 ], [ -81.52,25.89 ], [ -80.39,25.89 ], [ -80.39,24.85 ], [ -81.52,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32b4e4b0c8380cd5e9fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whelan, K.R.T.","contributorId":11311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"K.R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, T. J. III","contributorId":24303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, G.H.","contributorId":93601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ouellette, M.L.","contributorId":89736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouellette","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035380,"text":"70035380 - 2009 - Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for a bacterial thiaminase I gene and the thiaminase-producing bacterium Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:17:53","indexId":"70035380","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for a bacterial thiaminase I gene and the thiaminase-producing bacterium Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus.","docAbstract":"The thiaminase I enzyme produced by the gram-positive bacterium Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus isolated from the viscera of Lake Michigan alewives Alosa pseudoharengus is currently the only defined source of the thiaminase activity linked to thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency in early mortality syndrome (EMS) in the larvae of Great Lakes salmonines. Diets of alewife or isolated strains of P. thiaminolyticus mixed in a semipurified diet and fed to lake trout Salvelinus namaycush have been shown to produce EMS in fry. We utilized quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) to aid in studies of the sources of P. thiaminolyticus and thiaminase I. Quantitative PCR assays were established to detect the thiaminase I gene of P. thiaminolyticus, the 16S rRNA gene from most species of bacteria, and the 16S rRNA gene specifically from P. thiaminolyticus and a few closely related taxa. The Q-PCR assays are linear over at least six orders of magnitude and can detect the thiaminase I gene of P. thiaminolyticus from as few as 1,000 P. thiaminolyticus cells/g of sample or the Paenibacillus 16S rRNA gene from as few as 100 P. thiaminolyticus cells/g of sample. The initial results from alewife viscera samples with high thiaminase activity yielded unexpectedly low densities of P. thiaminolyticus cells; Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus was detectable in 2 of 6 alewife viscera tested at densities on the order of 100 cells/g out of 100,000,000 total bacterial cells/g. The low numbers of P. thiaminolyticus detected suggest that alewives contain additional non-P. thiaminolyticus sources of thiaminase activity.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/H07-054.1","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Richter, C., Wright-Osment, M.K., Zajicek, J., Honeyfield, D., and Tillitt, D.E., 2009, Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for a bacterial thiaminase I gene and the thiaminase-producing bacterium Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus.: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 21, no. 4, p. 229-238, https://doi.org/10.1577/H07-054.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"238","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215434,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/H07-054.1"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a922ce4b0c8380cd806db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, C.A.","contributorId":87765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright-Osment, Maureen K.","contributorId":86179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright-Osment","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zajicek, J.L.","contributorId":87086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajicek","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Honeyfield, D. C. 0000-0003-3034-2047","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-2047","contributorId":73136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeyfield","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035322,"text":"70035322 - 2009 - Phosphorus and nitrogen legacy in a restoration wetland, upper Klamath lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035322","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphorus and nitrogen legacy in a restoration wetland, upper Klamath lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"The effects of sediment, ground-water, and surface-water processes on the timing, quantity, and mechanisms of N and P fluxes were investigated in the Wood River Wetland 57 years after agricultural practices ceased and seasonal and permanent wetland hydrologies were restored. Nutrient concentrations in standing water largely reflected ground water in winter, the largest annual water source in the closed-basin wetland. High concentrations of total P (22 mg L <sup>-1</sup>) and total N (30 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) accumulated in summer when water temperature, air temperature, and evapotranspiration were highest. High positive benthic fluxes of soluble reactive P and ammonium (NH<sup>4</sup>-N) were measured in two sections of the study area in June and August, averaging 46 and 24 mg m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Nonetheless, a wetland mass balance simultaneously indicated a net loss of P and N by assimilation, denitrification (1.110.1 mg N m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>), or solute repartitioning. High nutrient concentrations pose a risk for water quality management. Shifts in the timing and magnitude of water inflows and outflows may improve biogeochemical function and water quality by optimizing seed germination and aquatic plant distribution, which would be especially important if the Wood River Wetland was reconnected with hyper-eutrophic Agency Lake. ?? 2009, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/08-129.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Duff, J., Carpenter, K., Snyder, D., Lee, K., Avanzino, R., and Triska, F., 2009, Phosphorus and nitrogen legacy in a restoration wetland, upper Klamath lake, Oregon: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 2, p. 735-746, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-129.1.","startPage":"735","endPage":"746","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215551,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-129.1"},{"id":243363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78b2e4b0c8380cd78766","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, K.D.","contributorId":97274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, D.T.","contributorId":69185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Karl K.","contributorId":41856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Karl K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Avanzino, R.J.","contributorId":37336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035480,"text":"70035480 - 2009 - Distribution limits of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis: a case study in the Rocky Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:07:11","indexId":"70035480","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution limits of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis: a case study in the Rocky Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the environmental constraints on a pathogen is critical to predicting its dynamics and effects on populations. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), an aquatic fungus that has been linked with widespread amphibian declines, is ubiquitous in the Rocky Mountains. As part of assessing the distribution limits of Bd in our study area, we sampled the water column and sediments for Bd zoospores in 30 high-elevation water bodies that lacked amphibians. All water bodies were in areas where Bd has been documented from neighboring, lower-elevation areas. We targeted areas lacking amphibians because existence of Bd independent of amphibians would have both ecologic and management implications. We did not detect Bd, which supports the hypothesis that it does not live independently of amphibians. However, assuming a detection sensitivity of 59.5% (based on sampling of water where amphibians tested positive for Bd), we only had 95% confidence of detecting Bd if it was in > or =16% of our sites. Further investigation into potential abiotic reservoirs is needed, but our results provide a strategic step in determining the distributional and environmental limitations of Bd in our study region.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-45.4.1198","issn":"19433700","usgsCitation":"Hossack, B.R., Muths, E.L., Anderson, C., Kirshtein, J.D., and Corn, P.S., 2009, Distribution limits of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis: a case study in the Rocky Mountains, USA: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 45, no. 4, p. 1198-1202, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.4.1198.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1198","endPage":"1202","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476178,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.7589/0090-3558-45.4.1198","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02b0e4b0c8380cd50171","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":1151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey W.","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirshtein, Julie D.","contributorId":26033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Corn, P. Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335 steve_corn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":3227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.","email":"steve_corn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035511,"text":"70035511 - 2009 - Nutrient dynamics in the lower Mississippi river floodplain: Comparing present and historic hydrologic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035511","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient dynamics in the lower Mississippi river floodplain: Comparing present and historic hydrologic conditions","docAbstract":"Alterations to the lower Mississippi River-floodplain ecosystem to facilitate commercial navigation and to reduce flooding of agricultural lands and communities in the historic floodplain have changed the hydrologic regime. As a result, the flood pulse usually has a lower water level, is of shorter duration, has colder water temperatures, and a smaller area of floodplain is inundated. Using average hydrologic conditions and water temperatures, we used established nitrogen and phosphorus processes in soils, an aquatic ecosystem model, and fish bioenergetic models to provide approximations of nitrogen and phosphorus flux in Mississippi River flood waters for the present conditions of a 2-month (mid-March to mid-May) flood pulse and for a 3-month (mid-March to mid-June), historic flood pulse. We estimated that the soils and aquatic biota can remove or sequester 542 and 976 kg nitrogen ha<sup>-1</sup> during the present and historic hydrologic conditions, respectively. Phosphorus, on the other hand, will be added to the water largely as a result of anaerobic soil conditions but moderated by biological uptake by aquatic biota during both present and historic hydrologic conditions. The floodplain and associated water bodies may provide an important management opportunity for reducing downstream transport of nitrogen in Mississippi River waters. ?? 2009, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/08-62.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Schramm, H., Cox, M., Tietjen, T., and Ezell, A., 2009, Nutrient dynamics in the lower Mississippi river floodplain: Comparing present and historic hydrologic conditions: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 2, p. 476-487, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-62.1.","startPage":"476","endPage":"487","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216391,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-62.1"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6982e4b0c8380cd73d77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schramm, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":103823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, M.S.","contributorId":102296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tietjen, T.E.","contributorId":93249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tietjen","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ezell, A.W.","contributorId":98973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ezell","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035189,"text":"70035189 - 2009 - A quarter-million years of paleoenvironmental change at Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035189","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A quarter-million years of paleoenvironmental change at Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho","docAbstract":"A continuous, 120-m-long core (BL00-1) from Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, contains evidence of hydrologic and environmental change over the last two glacial-interglacial cycles. The core was taken at 41.95??N, 111.31??W, near the depocenter of the 60-m-deep, spring-fed, alkaline lake, where carbonate-bearing sediment has accumulated continuously. Chronological control is poor but indicates an average sedimentation rate of 0.54 mm yr<sup>-1</sup>. Analyses have been completed at multi-centennial to millennial scales, including (in order of decreasing temporal resolution) sediment magnetic properties, oxygen and carbon isotopes on bulk-sediment carbonate, organic- and inorganiccarbon contents, palynology; mineralogy (X-ray diffraction), strontium isotopes on bulk carbonate, ostracode taxonomy, oxygen and carbon isotopes on ostracodes, and diatom assemblages. Massive silty clay and marl constitute most of the core, with variable carbonate content (average = 31 ?? 19%) and oxygen-isotopic values (??<sup>18</sup>O ranging from -18??? to -5??? in bulk carbonate). These variations, as well as fluctuations of biological indicators, reflect changes in the water and sediment discharged from the glaciated headwaters of the dominant tributary, Bear River, and the processes that influenced sediment delivery to the core site, including lake-level changes. Although its influence has varied, Bear River has remained a tributary to Bear Lake during most of the last quarter-million years. The lake disconnected from the river and, except for a few brief excursions, retracted into a topographically closed basin during global interglaciations (during parts of marine isotope stages 7, 5, and 1). These intervals contain up to 80% endogenic aragonite with high ??<sup>18</sup>O values (average = -5.8 ?? 1.7???), indicative of strongly evaporitic conditions. Interglacial intervals also are dominated by small, benthic/tychoplanktic fragilarioid species indicative of reduced habitat availability associated with low lake levels, and they contain increased high-desert shrub and Juniperus pollen and decreased forest and forest-woodland pollen. The <sup>87</sup>Sr <sup>86</sup>Sr values (&gt;0.7100) also increase, and the ratio of quartz to dolomite decreases, as expected in the absence of Bear River in flow. The changing paleoenvironments inferred from BL00-1 generally are consistent with other regional and global records of glacialinterglacial fluctuations; the diversity of paleoenvironmental conditions inferred from BL00-1 also reflects the influence of catchment-scale processes. Copyright ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2450(14)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Kaufman, D.S., Bright, J., Dean, W., Rosenbaum, J.G., Moser, K., Anderson, R., Colman, S.M., Heil, C., Jiménez-Moreno, G., Reheis, M., and Simmons, K.R., 2009, A quarter-million years of paleoenvironmental change at Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 450, p. 311-351, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(14).","startPage":"311","endPage":"351","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215544,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(14)"},{"id":243355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"450","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e526e4b0c8380cd46b77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaufman, D. S.","contributorId":18006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bright, Jordon","contributorId":63981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bright","given":"Jordon","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenbaum, J. 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Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":449655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Heil, C.W. Jr.","contributorId":26901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heil","given":"C.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo","contributorId":15426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiménez-Moreno","given":"Gonzalo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Simmons, K. R.","contributorId":68771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70035533,"text":"70035533 - 2009 - Deep drilling in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure - An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035533","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep drilling in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure - An overview","docAbstract":"The late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure lies buried at moderate depths below Chesapeake Bay and surrounding landmasses in southeastern Virginia, USA. Numerous characteristics made this impact structure an inviting target for scientific drilling, including the location of the impact on the Eocene continental shelf, its threelayer target structure, its large size (??85 km diameter), its status as the source of the North American tektite strewn field, its temporal association with other late Eocene terrestrial impacts, its documented effects on the regional groundwater system, and its previously unstudied effects on the deep microbial biosphere. The Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure Deep Drilling Project was designed to drill a deep, continuously cored test hole into the central part of the structure. A project workshop, funding proposals, and the acceptance of those proposals occurred during 2003-2005. Initial drilling funds were provided by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Supplementary funds were provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Science Mission Directorate, ICDP, and USGS. Field operations were conducted at Eyreville Farm, Northampton County, Virginia, by Drilling, Observation, and Sampling of the Earth's Continental Crust (DOSECC) and the project staff during September-December 2005, resulting in two continuously cored, deep holes. The USGS and Rutgers University cored a shallow hole to 140 m in April-May 2006 to complete the recovered section from land surface to 1766 m depth. The recovered section consists of 1322 m of crater materials and 444 m of overlying postimpact Eocene to Pleistocene sediments. The crater section consists of, from base to top: basement-derived blocks of crystalline rocks (215 m); a section of suevite, impact melt rock, lithic impact breccia, and cataclasites (154 m); a thin interval of quartz sand and lithic blocks (26 m); a granite megablock (275 m); and sediment blocks and boulders, polymict, sediment-clast-dominated sedimentary breccias, and a thin upper section of stratified sediments (652 m). The cored postimpact sediments provide insight into the effects of a large continental-margin impact on subsequent coastal-plain sedimentation. This volume contains the first results of multidisciplinary studies of the Eyreville cores and related topics. The volume is divided into these sections: geologic column; borehole geophysical studies; regional geophysical studies; crystalline rocks, impactites, and impact models; sedimentary breccias; postimpact sediments; hydrologic and geothermal studies; and microbiologic studies. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(01)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Gohn, G.S., Koeberl, C., Miller, K., and Reimold, W., 2009, Deep drilling in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure - An overview: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 458, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(01).","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216237,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(01)"},{"id":244096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe22e4b0c8380cd4eb36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gohn, G. S.","contributorId":25937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koeberl, C.","contributorId":79214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koeberl","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, K.G.","contributorId":18094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reimold, W.U.","contributorId":103401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimold","given":"W.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035143,"text":"70035143 - 2009 - Mercury cycling in stream ecosystems. 3. Trophic dynamics and methylmercury bioaccumulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T07:52:59","indexId":"70035143","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury cycling in stream ecosystems. 3. Trophic dynamics and methylmercury bioaccumulation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Trophic dynamics (community composition and feeding relationships) have been identified as important drivers of methylmercury (MeHg) bioaccumulation in lakes, reservoirs, and marine ecosystems. The relative importance of trophic dynamics and geochemical controls on MeHg bioaccumulation in streams, however, remains poorly characterized. MeHg bioaccumulation was evaluated in eight stream ecosystems across the United States (Oregon, Wisconsin, and Florida) spanning large ranges in climate, landscape characteristics, atmospheric Hg deposition, and stream chemistry. Across all geographic regions and all streams, concentrations of total Hg (THg) in top predator fish and forage fish, and MeHg in invertebrates, were strongly positively correlated to concentrations of filtered THg (FTHg), filtered MeHg (FMeHg), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC); to DOC complexity (as measured by specific ultraviolet absorbance); and to percent wetland in the stream basins. Correlations were strongest for nonurban streams. Although regressions of log[Hg] versus δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N indicate that Hg in biota increased significantly with increasing trophic position within seven of eight individual streams, Hg concentrations in top predator fish (including cutthroat, rainbow, and brown trout; green sunfish; and largemouth bass) were not strongly influenced by differences in relative trophic position. Slopes of log[Hg] versus δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N, an indicator of the efficiency of trophic enrichment, ranged from 0.14 to 0.27 for all streams. These data suggest that, across the large ranges in FTHg (0.14−14.2 ng L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), FMeHg (0.023−1.03 ng L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), and DOC (0.50−61.0 mg L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) found in this study, Hg contamination in top predator fish in streams likely is dominated by the amount of MeHg available for uptake at the base of the food web rather than by differences in the trophic position of top predator fish.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es8027567","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chasar, L., Scudder, B.C., Stewart, A., Bell, A., and Aiken, G., 2009, Mercury cycling in stream ecosystems. 3. Trophic dynamics and methylmercury bioaccumulation: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 8, p. 2733-2739, https://doi.org/10.1021/es8027567.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2733","endPage":"2739","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215331,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es8027567"}],"volume":"43","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53fbe4b0c8380cd6ce4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chasar, L.C.","contributorId":25377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chasar","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scudder, B. C.","contributorId":71588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudder","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, A.R.","contributorId":20470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, A.H.","contributorId":90933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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