{"pageNumber":"224","pageRowStart":"5575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10465,"records":[{"id":70000479,"text":"70000479 - 2008 - Paleoseismic targets, seismic hazard, and urban areas in the Central and Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000479","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismic targets, seismic hazard, and urban areas in the Central and Eastern United States","docAbstract":"Published geologic information from the central and eastern United States identifies 83 faults, groups of sand blows, named seismic zones, and other geological features as known or suspected products of Quaternary tectonic faulting. About one fifth of the features are known to contain faulted Quaternary materials or seismically induced liquefaction phenomena, but the origin and associated seismic hazard of most of the other features remain uncertain. Most of the features are in or near large urban areas. The largest cluster of features is in the Boston-Washington urban corridor (2005 estimated population: 50 million). The proximity of most features to populous areas identifies paleoseismic targets with potential to impact urban-hazard estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120060007","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., 2008, Paleoseismic targets, seismic hazard, and urban areas in the Central and Eastern United States: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98, no. 3, p. 1572-1580, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060007.","startPage":"1572","endPage":"1580","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18893,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120060007"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689306","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, R. L.","contributorId":34916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70000458,"text":"70000458 - 2008 - Soil sedimentology at Gusev Crater from Columbia Memorial Station to Winter Haven","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-27T11:18:12","indexId":"70000458","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil sedimentology at Gusev Crater from Columbia Memorial Station to Winter Haven","docAbstract":"<p>A total of 3140 individual particles were examined in 31 soils along Spirit's traverse. Their size, shape, and texture were quantified and classified. They represent a unique record of 3 years of sedimentologic exploration from landing to sol 1085 covering the Plains Unit to Winter Haven where Spirit spent the Martian winter of 2006. Samples in the Plains Unit and Columbia Hills appear as reflecting contrasting textural domains. One is heterogeneous, with a continuum of angular-to-round particles of fine sand to pebble sizes that are generally dust covered and locally cemented in place. The second shows the effect of a dominant and ongoing dynamic aeolian process that redistributes a uniform population of medium-size sand. The texture of particles observed in the samples at Gusev Crater results from volcanic, aeolian, impact, and water-related processes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007JE002953","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Cabrol, N., Herkenhoff, K.E., Greeley, R., Grin, E., Schroder, C., d’Uston, C., Weitz, C., Yingst, R., Cohen, B.A., Moore, J., Knudson, A., Franklin, B., Anderson, R.C., and Li, R., 2008, Soil sedimentology at Gusev Crater from Columbia Memorial Station to Winter Haven: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 113, no. 6, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JE002953.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487119,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007je002953","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gusev Crater; Mars","volume":"113","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edb62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cabrol, N.A.","contributorId":65208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cabrol","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grin, E.A.","contributorId":53926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grin","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schroder, C.","contributorId":67201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"d’Uston, C.","contributorId":38689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"d’Uston","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weitz, C.","contributorId":107409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weitz","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yingst, R.A.","contributorId":101370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yingst","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24732,"text":"Planetary Science Institute, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cohen, B. A.","contributorId":34239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moore, Jeff","contributorId":49059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Knudson, A.","contributorId":86082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Franklin, B.","contributorId":100510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Anderson, R. C.","contributorId":9755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Li, R.","contributorId":68441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70000497,"text":"70000497 - 2008 - Response of fish populations to natural channel design restoration in streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000497","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of fish populations to natural channel design restoration in streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York","docAbstract":"Many streams and rivers throughout North America have been extensively straightened, widened, and hardened since the middle 1800s, but related effects on aquatic ecosystems have seldom been monitored, described, or published. Beginning in the early 1990s, reach-level restoration efforts began to base projects on natural channel design (NCD) techniques and Rosgen's (1994b, 1996) river classification system in an effort to duplicate or mimic stable reference reach geomorphology. Four reaches in three streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York, were restored from 2000 to 2002 using NCD techniques to decrease bed and bank erosion rates, decrease sediment loads, and improve water quality. The effects of restoration on the health of fish assemblages were assessed through a before-after, control-impact (BACI) study design to quantify the net changes in population and community indices at treatment reaches relative to index changes at unaltered reference reaches from 1999 to 2004. After restoration, community richness and biomass at treatment reaches increased by more than one-third. Changes in fish communities were caused mainly by shifts in dominant species populations; fish community biomass and total fish abundance were generally dominated by daces or daces and sculpins before restoration and by one or more salmonid species after restoration. Density and biomass of eastern blacknose dace Rhinichthys atratulus, longnose dace R. cataractae, and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus did not change appreciably, whereas net salmonid density and biomass increased substantially after restoration. These changes were driven primarily by large increases in populations of brown trout Salmo trutta. The findings demonstrate that the structure, function, and ultimately the health of resident fish populations and communities can be improved, at least over the short term, through NCD restoration in perturbed streams of the Catskill Mountains. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M06-213.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B., Warren, D., Ernst, A., and Mulvihill, C., 2008, Response of fish populations to natural channel design restoration in streams of the Catskill Mountains, New York: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 3, p. 954-969, https://doi.org/10.1577/M06-213.1.","startPage":"954","endPage":"969","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18907,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M06-213.1"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629b82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warren, D.R.","contributorId":105741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ernst, A.G.","contributorId":8973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ernst","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mulvihill, C.I.","contributorId":17350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulvihill","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000462,"text":"70000462 - 2008 - The formation conditions of chondrules and chondrites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-02T16:18:14","indexId":"70000462","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:20","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The formation conditions of chondrules and chondrites","docAbstract":"<p><span>Chondrules, which are roughly millimeter-sized silicate-rich spherules, dominate the most primitive meteorites, the chondrites. They formed as molten droplets and, judging from their abundances in chondrites, are the products of one of the most energetic processes that operated in the early inner solar system. The conditions and mechanism of chondrule formation remain poorly understood. Here we show that the abundance of the volatile element sodium remained relatively constant during chondrule formation. Prevention of the evaporation of sodium requires that chondrules formed in regions with much higher solid densities than predicted by known nebular concentration mechanisms. These regions would probably have been self-gravitating. Our model explains many other chemical characteristics of chondrules and also implies that chondrule and planetesimal formation were linked.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1156561","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Alexander, C.M., Grossman, J.N., Ebel, D., and Ciesla, F., 2008, The formation conditions of chondrules and chondrites: Science, v. 320, no. 5883, p. 1617-1619, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1156561.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1617","endPage":"1619","ipdsId":"IP-006124","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18880,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1156561"}],"volume":"320","issue":"5883","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a72e4b07f02db642da7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, C. M. O’D.","contributorId":105418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. O’D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grossman, Jeffrey N. 0000-0001-9099-9628","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-9628","contributorId":37317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebel, D.S.","contributorId":37879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ciesla, F.J.","contributorId":15327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ciesla","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000463,"text":"70000463 - 2008 - Evaluating the potential effectiveness of compensatory mitigation strategies for marine bycatch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000463","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:20","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the potential effectiveness of compensatory mitigation strategies for marine bycatch","docAbstract":"Conservationists are continually seeking new strategies to reverse population declines and safeguard against species extinctions. Here we evaluate the potential efficacy of a recently proposed approach to offset a major anthropogenic threat to many marine vertebrates: incidental bycatch in commercial fisheries operations. This new approach, compensatory mitigation for marine bycatch (CMMB), is conceived as a way to replace or reduce mandated restrictions on fishing activities with compensatory activities (e.g., removal of introduced predators from islands) funded by levies placed on fishers. While efforts are underway to bring CMMB into policy discussions, to date there has not been a detailed evaluation of CMMB's potential as a conservation tool, and in particular, a list of necessary and sufficient criteria that CMMB must meet to be an effective conservation strategy. Here we present a list of criteria to assess CMMB that are tied to critical ecological aspects of the species targeted for conservation, the range of possible mitigation activities, and the multi-species impact of fisheries bycatch. We conclude that, overall, CMMB has little potential for benefit and a substantial potential for harm if implemented to solve most fisheries bycatch problems. In particular, CMMB is likely to be effective only when applied to short-lived and highly-fecund species (not the characteristics of most bycatch-impacted species) and to fisheries that take few non-target species, and especially few non-seabird species (not the characteristics of most fisheries). Thus, CMMB appears to have limited application and should only be implemented after rigorous appraisal on a case-specific basis; otherwise it has the potential to accelerate declines of marine species currently threatened by fisheries bycatch. ?? 2008 Finkelstein et al.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0002480","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Finkelstein, M., Bakker, V., Doak, D., Sullivan, B., Lewison, R., Satterthwaite, W., McIntyre, P., Wolf, S., Priddel, D., Arnold, J., Henry, R., Sievert, P., and Croxall, J., 2008, Evaluating the potential effectiveness of compensatory mitigation strategies for marine bycatch: PLoS ONE, v. 3, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002480.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476546,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002480","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":18881,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002480"},{"id":203758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelstein, M.","contributorId":103776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelstein","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bakker, V.","contributorId":49090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakker","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doak, D.F.","contributorId":39729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sullivan, B.","contributorId":58753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewison, R.","contributorId":38694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewison","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Satterthwaite, W.H.","contributorId":107839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satterthwaite","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McIntyre, P.B.","contributorId":30738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wolf, S.","contributorId":76869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Priddel, D.","contributorId":55134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priddel","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Arnold, J.M.","contributorId":84489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Henry, R.W.","contributorId":13729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sievert, P.","contributorId":72918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievert","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Croxall, J.","contributorId":102616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croxall","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70000460,"text":"70000460 - 2008 - MGS-TES thermal inertia study of the Arsia Mons Caldera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T09:01:01","indexId":"70000460","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:20","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MGS-TES thermal inertia study of the Arsia Mons Caldera","docAbstract":"<p>Temperatures of the Arsia Mons caldera floor and two nearby control areas were obtained by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES). These observations revealed that the Arsia Mons caldera floor exhibits thermal behavior different from the surrounding Tharsis region when compared with thermal models. Our technique compares modeled and observed data to determine best fit values of thermal inertia, layer depth, and albedo. Best fit modeled values are accurate in the two control regions, but those in the Arsia Mons' caldera are consistently either up to 15 K warmer than afternoon observations, or have albedo values that are more than two standard deviations higher than the observed mean. Models of both homogeneous and layered (such as dust over bedrock) cases were compared, with layered-cases indicating a surface layer at least thick enough to insulate itself from diurnal effects of an underlying substrate material. Because best fit models of the caldera floor poorly match observations, it is likely that the caldera floor experiences some physical process not incorporated into our thermal model. Even on Mars, Arsia Mons is an extreme environment where CO2 condenses upon the caldera floor every night, diurnal temperatures range each day by a factor of nearly 2, and annual average atmospheric pressure is only around one millibar. Here, we explore several possibilities that may explain the poor modeled fits to caldera floor and conclude that temperature dependent thermal conductivity may cause thermal inertia to vary diurnally, and this effect may be exaggerated by presence of water-ice clouds, which occur frequently above Arsia Mons.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007JE002910","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Cushing, G.E., and Titus, T.N., 2008, MGS-TES thermal inertia study of the Arsia Mons Caldera: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 113, no. 6, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JE002910.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arsia Mons Caldera; Mars","volume":"113","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648be6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cushing, Glen E. 0000-0002-9673-8207 gcushing@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9673-8207","contributorId":175449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushing","given":"Glen","email":"gcushing@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000439,"text":"70000439 - 2008 - Sediment and nutrient delivery from thermokarst features in the foothills of the North Slope, Alaska: Potential impacts on headwater stream ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000439","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:20","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment and nutrient delivery from thermokarst features in the foothills of the North Slope, Alaska: Potential impacts on headwater stream ecosystems","docAbstract":"Permafrost is a defining characteristic of the Arctic environment. However, climate warming is thawing permafrost in many areas leading to failures in soil structure called thermokarst. An extensive survey of a 600 km2 area in and around the Toolik Lake Natural Research Area (TLNRA) revealed at least 34 thermokarst features, two thirds of which were new since ???1980 when a high resolution aerial survey of the area was done. Most of these thermokarst features were associated with headwater streams or lakes. We have measured significantly increased sediment and nutrient loading from thermokarst features to streams in two well-studied locations near the TLNRA. One small thermokarst gully that formed in 2003 on the Toolik River in a 0.9 km2 subcatchment delivered more sediment to the river than is normally delivered in 18 years from 132 km2 in the adjacent upper Kuparuk River basin (a long-term monitoring reference site). Ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations downstream from a thermokarst feature on Imnavait Creek increased significantly compared to upstream reference concentrations and the increased concentrations persisted over the period of sampling (1999-2005). The downstream concentrations were similar to those we have used in a long-term experimental manipulation of the Kuparuk River and that have significantly altered the structure and function of that river. A subsampling of other thermokarst features from the extensive regional survey showed that concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate were always higher downstream of the thermokarst features. Our previous research has shown that even minor increases in nutrient loading stimulate primary and secondary production. However, increased sediment loading could interfere with benthic communities and change the responses to increased nutrient delivery. Although the terrestrial area impacted by thermokarsts is limited, the aquatic habitat altered by these failures can be extensive. If warming in the Arctic foothills accelerates thermokarst formation, there may be substantial and wide-spread impacts on arctic stream ecosystems that are currently poorly understood. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JG000470","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bowden, W., Gooseff, M., Balser, A., Green, A., Peterson, B.J., and Bradford, J., 2008, Sediment and nutrient delivery from thermokarst features in the foothills of the North Slope, Alaska: Potential impacts on headwater stream ecosystems: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 113, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000470.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476548,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jg000470","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":18859,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000470"},{"id":203252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc136","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowden, W.B.","contributorId":83237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowden","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balser, A.","contributorId":41944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balser","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, A.","contributorId":42333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, B. J.","contributorId":53749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradford, J.","contributorId":102184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5224903,"text":"5224903 - 2008 - Potential effects of mixed infections in ticks on transmission dynamics of pathogens: comparative analysis of published records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T10:42:06","indexId":"5224903","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1610,"text":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of mixed infections in ticks on transmission dynamics of pathogens: comparative analysis of published records","docAbstract":"Ticks are often infected with more than one pathogen, and several field surveys have documented nonrandom levels of coinfection.  Levels of coinfection by pathogens in four tick species were analyzed using published infection data.  Coinfection patterns of pathogens in field-collected ticks include numerous cases of higher or lower levels of coinfection than would be expected due to chance alone, but the vast majority of these cases can be explained on the basis of vertebrate host associations of the pathogens, without invoking interactions between pathogens within ticks.  Nevertheless, some studies have demonstrated antagonistic interactions, and some have suggested potential mutualisms, between pathogens in ticks.  Negative or positive interactions between pathogens within ticks can affect pathogen prevalence, and thus transmission patterns.  Probabilistic projections suggest that the effect on transmission depends on initial conditions.  When the number of tick bites is relatively low (e.g., for ticks biting humans) changes in prevalence in ticks are predicted to have a commensurate effects on pathogen transmission.  In contrast, when the number of tick bites is high (e.g., for wild animal hosts) changes in pathogen prevalence in ticks have relatively little effect on levels of transmission to reservoir hosts, and thus on natural transmission cycles.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10493-008-9175-5","usgsCitation":"Ginsberg, H.S., 2008, Potential effects of mixed infections in ticks on transmission dynamics of pathogens: comparative analysis of published records: Experimental and Applied Acarology, v. 46, no. 1, p. 29-41, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-008-9175-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489992,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/157","text":"External Repository"},{"id":201605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a520f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. 0000-0002-4933-2466 hginsberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":3204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224875,"text":"5224875 - 2008 - Comparative analysis of distribution and abundance of West Nile and Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis virus vectors in Suffolk County, New York, using human population density and land use/cover data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:12","indexId":"5224875","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative analysis of distribution and abundance of West Nile and Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis virus vectors in Suffolk County, New York, using human population density and land use/cover data","docAbstract":"Five years of CDC light trap data from Suffolk County, NY, were analyzed to compare the applicability of human population density (HPD) and land use/cover (LUC) classification systems to describe mosquito abundance and to determine whether certain mosquito species of medical importance tend to be more common in urban (defined by HPD) or residential (defined by LUC) areas.  Eleven study sites were categorized as urban or rural using U.S. Census Bureau data and by LUC types using geographic information systems (GISs).  Abundance and percent composition of nine mosquito taxa, all known or potential vectors of arboviruses, were analyzed to determine spatial patterns.  By HPD definitions, three mosquito species, Aedes canadensis (Theobald), Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker), and Culiseta melanura (Coquillett), differed significantly between habitat types, with higher abundance and percent composition in rural areas.  Abundance and percent composition of these three species also increased with freshwater wetland, natural vegetation areas, or a combination when using LUC definitions.  Additionally, two species, Ae. canadensis and Cs. melanura, were negatively affected by increased residential area.  One species, Aedes vexans (Meigen), had higher percent composition in urban areas.  Two medically important taxa, Culex spp. and Aedes triseriatus (Say), were proportionally more prevalent in residential areas by LUC classification, as was Aedes trivittatus (Coquillett).  Although HPD classification was readily available and had some predictive value, LUC classification resulted in higher spatial resolution and better ability to develop location specific predictive models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Medical Entomology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6936_Rochlin.pdf","usgsCitation":"Rochlin, I., Harding, K., Ginsberg, H., and Campbell, S., 2008, Comparative analysis of distribution and abundance of West Nile and Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis virus vectors in Suffolk County, New York, using human population density and land use/cover data: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 45, no. 3, p. 563-571.","productDescription":"563-571","startPage":"563","endPage":"571","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16909,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1603%2F0022-2585%282008%2945%5B563%3ACAODAA%5D2.0.CO%3B2  ;  https://esa.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/esa/jme/2008/00000045/00000003/art00031","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae58e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rochlin, I.","contributorId":22457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochlin","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harding, K.","contributorId":68422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, S.R.","contributorId":15721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224888,"text":"5224888 - 2008 - Multi-scale occupancy estimation and modelling using multiple detection methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T09:27:53","indexId":"5224888","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-scale occupancy estimation and modelling using multiple detection methods","docAbstract":"<ol><li>Occupancy estimation and modelling based on detection–nondetection data provide an effective way of exploring change in a species’ distribution across time and space in cases where the species is not always detected with certainty. Today, many monitoring programmes target multiple species, or life stages within a species, requiring the use of multiple detection methods. When multiple methods or devices are used at the same sample sites, animals can be detected by more than one method.</li><li>We develop occupancy models for multiple detection methods that permit simultaneous use of data from all methods for inference about method-specific detection probabilities. Moreover, the approach permits estimation of occupancy at two spatial scales: the larger scale corresponds to species’ use of a sample unit, whereas the smaller scale corresponds to presence of the species at the local sample station or site.</li><li>We apply the models to data collected on two different vertebrate species: striped skunks <i>Mephitis mephitis</i> and red salamanders <i>Pseudotriton ruber</i>. For striped skunks, large-scale occupancy estimates were consistent between two sampling seasons. Small-scale occupancy probabilities were slightly lower in the late winter/spring when skunks tend to conserve energy, and movements are limited to males in search of females for breeding. There was strong evidence of method-specific detection probabilities for skunks. As anticipated, large- and small-scale occupancy areas completely overlapped for red salamanders. The analyses provided weak evidence of method-specific detection probabilities for this species.</li><li><i>Synthesis and applications.</i> Increasingly, many studies are utilizing multiple detection methods at sampling locations. The modelling approach presented here makes efficient use of detections from multiple methods to estimate occupancy probabilities at two spatial scales and to compare detection probabilities associated with different detection methods. The models can be viewed as another variation of Pollock's robust design and may be applicable to a wide variety of scenarios where species occur in an area but are not always near the sampled locations. The estimation approach is likely to be especially useful in multispecies conservation programmes by providing efficient estimates using multiple detection devices and by providing device-specific detection probability estimates for use in survey design.</li></ol>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01509.x","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Bailey, L., O’Connell, A.F., Talancy, N.W., Grant, E., Gilbert, A.T., Annand, E.M., Husband, T.P., and Hines, J., 2008, Multi-scale occupancy estimation and modelling using multiple detection methods: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 45, no. 5, p. 1321-1329, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01509.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1321","endPage":"1329","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01509.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b485f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":93183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Connell, Allan F. 0000-0001-7032-7023 aoconnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-7023","contributorId":471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"Allan","email":"aoconnell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talancy, Neil W.","contributorId":88454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talancy","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grant, Evan H. Campbell ehgrant@usgs.gov","contributorId":146545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gilbert, Andrew T.","contributorId":100974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Annand, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":87250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Annand","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Husband, Thomas P.","contributorId":174902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Husband","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":5224918,"text":"5224918 - 2008 - Temporal variation in adult survival rates of Roseate Terns during periods of increasing and declining populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224918","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variation in adult survival rates of Roseate Terns during periods of increasing and declining populations","docAbstract":"We used 19 years of mark-recapture/resighting data collected on 11, 020 birds from 1988-2006 at five colony sites in Massachusetts, New York, and Connecticut, USA, to examine temporal variation in the survival rates of adult Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) during periods of overall population increase (1988-2000) and decline (2000-2006).  Roseate Terns nested at only one colony site in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts at the start of this period, but two more sites in this area were recolonized as the study progressed.  Adult survival rates varied temporally in overall population increase (0.835 +/- 0.006 SE) and the period of population decline (0.835 +/- 0.008 SE). As expected based on previous work, adult survival from 1991 to 1992 was lowered as a result of a severe hurricane in August 1991.  An oil spill in Buzzards Bay in April 2003 did not appear to result in lower survival of the birds nesting at the variation in other vital rates of this species (such as postfledging survival) needs to be examined to determine the likely cause(s) of the recent population decline.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"7019_Spendelow.pdf","usgsCitation":"Spendelow, J., Hines, J., Nichols, J., Nisbet, I., Cormons, G., Hays, H., Hatch, J., and Mostello, C., 2008, Temporal variation in adult survival rates of Roseate Terns during periods of increasing and declining populations: Waterbirds, v. 31, no. 3, p. 309-319.","productDescription":"309-319","startPage":"309","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16935,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-archive&issn=1524-4695&volume=31","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68550d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spendelow, J. A. 0000-0001-8167-0898","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":72478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nisbet, I.C.T.","contributorId":54942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nisbet","given":"I.C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cormons, G.","contributorId":7813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cormons","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hays, H.","contributorId":43872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hatch, J.J.","contributorId":76860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mostello, C.S.","contributorId":90435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mostello","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":5224909,"text":"5224909 - 2008 - A double-observer method to estimate detection rate during aerial waterfowl surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224909","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A double-observer method to estimate detection rate during aerial waterfowl surveys","docAbstract":"We evaluated double-observer methods for aerial surveys as a means to adjust counts of waterfowl for incomplete detection.  We conducted our study in eastern Canada and the northeast United States utilizing 3 aerial-survey crews flying 3 different types of fixed-wing aircraft.  We reconciled counts of front- and rear-seat observers immediately following an observation by the rear-seat observer (i.e., on-the-fly reconciliation).  We evaluated 6 a priori models containing a combination of several factors thought to influence detection probability including observer, seat position, aircraft type, and group size.  We analyzed data for American black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mallards (A. platyrhynchos), which are among the most abundant duck species in this region.  The best-supported model for both black ducks and mallards included observer effects.  Sample sizes of black ducks were sufficient to estimate observer-specific detection rates for each crew.  Estimated detection rates for black ducks were 0.62 (SE = 0.10), 0.63 (SE = 0.06), and 0.74 (SE = 0.07) for pilot-observers, 0.61 (SE = 0.08), 0.62 (SE = 0.06), and 0.81 (SE = 0.07) for other front-seat observers, and 0.43 (SE = 0.05), 0.58 (SE = 0.06), and 0.73 (SE = 0.04) for rear-seat observers.  For mallards, sample sizes were adequate to generate stable maximum-likelihood estimates of observer-specific detection rates for only one aerial crew.  Estimated observer-specific detection rates for that crew were 0.84 (SE = 0.04) for the pilot-observer, 0.74 (SE = 0.05) for the other front-seat observer, and 0.47 (SE = 0.03) for the rear-seat observer.  Estimated observer detection rates were confounded by the position of the seat occupied by an observer, because observers did not switch seats, and by land-cover because vegetation and landform varied among crew areas.  Double-observer methods with on-the-fly reconciliation, although not without challenges, offer one viable option to account for detection bias in aerial waterfowl surveys where birds are distributed at low density in remote areas that are inaccessible by ground crews.  Double-observer methods, however, estimate only detection rate of animals that are potentially observable given the survey method applied.  Auxiliary data and methods must be considered to estimate overall detection rate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"7005_Koneff.pdf","usgsCitation":"Koneff, M., Royle, J., Otto, M., Wortham, J., and Bidwell, J., 2008, A double-observer method to estimate detection rate during aerial waterfowl surveys: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 7, p. 1641-649.","productDescription":"1641-649","startPage":"1641","endPage":"649","numberOfPages":"-991","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16932,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2193%2F2008-036  ;  https://www.wildlifejournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2193%2F2008-036","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"72","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aece1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koneff, M.D.","contributorId":37031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koneff","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otto, M.C.","contributorId":33031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wortham, J.S.","contributorId":31503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wortham","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bidwell, J.K.","contributorId":27169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidwell","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5224907,"text":"5224907 - 2008 - Seasonal movements and migration of Pallas's Gulls Larus ichthyaetus from Qinghai Lake, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:46:22","indexId":"5224907","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1690,"text":"Forktail","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal movements and migration of Pallas's Gulls Larus ichthyaetus from Qinghai Lake, China","docAbstract":"We studied the seasonal movements and migration often Pallas's Gulls Larus ichthyaetus trom Qinghai Lake to assess migratory routes and stopover areas.  Each individual was captured and equipped with an 18 g solar-powered Platform Transmitter Terminal (PIT) to track its movements from September 2007 to May 2008.  Six individuals remained near Qinghai Lake until the PTTs stopped transmitting.  Three individuals flew 50-330 km from Qinghai Lake to nearby salt lakes.  One individual departed on 8 December and flew over 1,700 km south-west to arrive at coastal Bangladesh on 9 January 2008.  Two individuals flew in October to the Brahmaputra River in Assam, India, remaining in the area for at least one month until one stopped transmitting.  The second individual travelled southwest to coastal Bangladesh.  Of the two individuals overwintering in Bangladesh, one remained for 67 days before migrating north.  The second bird departed after 96 days, and it returned to Qinghai on 10 May 2008 after 48 days in migration.  Both individuals that overwintered in coastal Bangladesh arrived much later than the outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HP AI H5N I) in poultry in 2007.  This disparity in timing would tentatively suggest that this species was not involved in long-distance movements of the virus.  Instead, the converse may be true: previous work demonstrates the potential for virus spill-over trom poultry into gulls and other wild bird species upon arrival into locations with widespread HPAI H5NI outbreaks and environmental contamination.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forktail","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"7003_Muzaffar.pdf","usgsCitation":"Muzaffar, S., Takekawa, J.Y., Prosser, D., Douglas, D., Yan, B., Xing, Z., Hou, Y., Palm, E., and Newman, S.H., 2008, Seasonal movements and migration of Pallas's Gulls Larus ichthyaetus from Qinghai Lake, China: Forktail, v. 24, p. 100-107.","productDescription":"100-107","startPage":"100","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271655,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://orientalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Muzaffar-PallasGull.pdf"}],"volume":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muzaffar, S.B.","contributorId":55561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muzaffar","given":"S.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prosser, D.J. 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":65185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yan, B.","contributorId":11739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Xing, Z.","contributorId":31089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xing","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hou, Y.","contributorId":98438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hou","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Palm, E.C.","contributorId":40708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palm","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Newman, S. H.","contributorId":21888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":5224837,"text":"5224837 - 2008 - Population dynamics of the Concho water snake in rivers and reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-19T14:05:36","indexId":"5224837","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population dynamics of the Concho water snake in rivers and reservoirs","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Concho Water Snake (</span><i>Nerodia harteri paucimaculata</i><span>) is confined to the Concho–Colorado River valley of central Texas, thereby occupying one of the smallest geographic ranges of any North American snake. In 1986, </span><i>N. h. paucimaculata</i><span> was designated as a federally threatened species, in large part because of reservoir projects that were perceived to adversely affect the amount of habitat available to the snake. During a ten-year period (1987–1996), we conducted capture–recapture field studies to assess dynamics of five subpopulations of snakes in both natural (river) and man-made (reservoir) habitats. Because of differential sampling of subpopulations, we present separate results for all five subpopulations combined (including large reservoirs) and three of the five subpopulations (excluding large reservoirs). We used multistate capture–recapture models to deal with stochastic transitions between pre-reproductive and reproductive size classes and to allow for the possibility of different survival and capture probabilities for the two classes. We also estimated both the finite rate of increase (λ) for a deterministic, stage-based, female-only matrix model using the average litter size, and the average rate of adult population change, λ ˆ, which describes changes in numbers of adult snakes, using a direct capture–recapture approach to estimation. Average annual adult survival was about 0.23 and similar for males and females. Average annual survival for subadults was about 0.14. The parameter estimates from the stage-based projection matrix analysis all yielded asymptotic values of λ &lt; 1, suggesting populations that are not viable. However, the direct estimates of average adult λ for the three subpopulations excluding major reservoirs were λ ˆ  =  1.26, </span><i>SE</i><span> ˆ(λ ˆ)  =  0.18 and λ ˆ  =  0.99, </span><i>SE</i><span> ˆ(λ ˆ)  =  0.79, based on two different models. Thus, the direct estimation approach did not provide strong evidence of population declines of the riverine subpopulations, but the estimates are characterized by substantial uncertainty.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/CE-06-271","usgsCitation":"Whiting, M., Dixon, J., Greene, B., Mueller, J., Thornton, O., Hatfield, J., Nichols, J., and Hines, J., 2008, Population dynamics of the Concho water snake in rivers and reservoirs: Copeia, v. 2008, no. 2, p. 438-445, https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-06-271.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"445","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2008","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whiting, M.J.","contributorId":84880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiting","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, J.R.","contributorId":106057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, B.D.","contributorId":24477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, J.M.","contributorId":45429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thornton, O.W. Jr.","contributorId":82261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornton","given":"O.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":97312,"text":"ofr20081190 - 2008 - Geologic resource evaluation of Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site, Hawai'i; Part I, geology and coastal landforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T21:54:42.669665","indexId":"ofr20081190","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1190","displayTitle":"Geologic Resource Evaluation of Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site, Hawai'i; Part I, Geology and Coastal Landforms","title":"Geologic resource evaluation of Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site, Hawai'i; Part I, geology and coastal landforms","docAbstract":"Geologic resource inventories of lands managed by the National Park Service (NPS) are important products for the parks and are designed to provide scientific information to better manage park resources. Park-specific geologic reports are used to identify geologic features and processes that are relevant to park ecosystems, evaluate the impact of human activities on geologic features and processes, identify geologic research and monitoring needs, and enhance opportunities for education and interpretation. These geologic reports are planned to provide a brief geologic history of the park and address specific geologic issues forming a link between the park geology and the resource manager. \r\n\r\nThe Kona coast National Parks of the Island of Hawai'i are intended to preserve the natural beauty of the Kona coast and protect significant ancient structures and artifacts of the native Hawaiians. Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site (PUHE), Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park (KAHO), and Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park (PUHO) are three Kona parks studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Team in cooperation with the National Park Service. This report is one of six related reports designed to provide geologic and benthic-habitat information for the three Kona parks. Each geology and coastal-landform report describes the regional geologic setting of the Hawaiian Islands, gives a general description of the geology of the Kona coast, and presents the geologic setting and issues for one of the parks. The related benthic-habitat mapping reports discuss the marine data and habitat classification scheme, and present results of the mapping program. \r\n\r\nPu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site (PUHE) is the smallest (~86 acres) of three National Parks located on the leeward Kona coast of the Island of Hawai'i. The main structure at PUHE, Pu'ukohola Heiau, is an important historical temple that was built during 1790-91 by King Kamehameha I (also known as Kamehameha the Great) and is often associated with the founding of the Hawaiian Kingdom (Greene, 1993). The temple was constructed to incur the favor of the king's personal war god Kuka'ilimoku during the time that Kamehameha I waged several battles in an attempt to extend his control over all the Hawaiian Islands. The park is also the site of the older Mailekini Heiau, which was used by the ancestors of Kamehameha I, and an offshore, submerged temple, Hale O Kapuni Heiau, that was dedicated to the shark god. The park occupies the scenic Hill of the Whale overlooking Kawaihae Bay and Pelekane Beach. \r\n\r\nThe seaward-sloping lands of PUHE lie at the convergence of lava flows formed by both Mauna Kea and Kohala Volcanoes. The park coastline is mostly rocky, with the exception of a small beach developed at the north boundary where an intermittent stream enters the sea. The park is bounded to the north by Kawaihae Harbor, to the south by Samuel M. Spencer Beach Park, and to the west by a broad submerged reef. The adjacent reef area is discussed in detail in the accompanying report by Cochran and others (2006). They mapped from the shoreline to depths of approximately 40 m, where the shelf drops off to a sand-covered bottom. PUHE park boundaries extend only to the mean high-tide line, however, landscape impacts created by development around the park are of concern to Park management.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081190","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Richmond, B.M., Cochran, S., and Gibbs, A.E., 2008, Geologic resource evaluation of Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site, Hawai'i; Part I, geology and coastal landforms (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1190, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081190.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12364,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1190/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388776,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86407.htm"},{"id":195302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.8259582519531,\n              20.02037127515128\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.81690311431885,\n              20.02037127515128\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.81690311431885,\n              20.033515701232506\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.8259582519531,\n              20.033515701232506\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.8259582519531,\n              20.02037127515128\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6863ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A.","contributorId":27533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97314,"text":"ofr20081192 - 2008 - Geologic resource evaluation of Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park, Hawai'i; Part I, geology and coastal landforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T21:52:20.653108","indexId":"ofr20081192","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1192","displayTitle":"Geologic Resource Evaluation of Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park, Hawai'i; Part I, Geology and Coastal Landforms","title":"Geologic resource evaluation of Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park, Hawai'i; Part I, geology and coastal landforms","docAbstract":"Geologic resource inventories of lands managed by the National Park Service (NPS) are important products for the parks and are designed to provide scientific information to better manage park resources. Park-specific geologic reports are used to identify geologic features and processes that are relevant to park ecosystems, evaluate the impact of human activities on geologic features and processes, identify geologic research and monitoring needs, and enhance opportunities for education and interpretation. These geologic reports are planned to provide a brief geologic history of the park and address specific geologic issues forming a link between the park geology and the resource manager. \r\n\r\nThe Kona coast National Parks of the Island of Hawai'i are intended to preserve the natural beauty of the Kona coast and protect significant ancient structures and artifacts of the native Hawaiians. Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site (PUHE), Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park (KAHO), and Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park (PUHO) are three Kona parks studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Team in cooperation with the National Park Service. This report is one of six related reports designed to provide geologic and benthic-habitat information for the three Kona parks. Each geology and coastal-landform report describes the regional geologic setting of the Hawaiian Islands, gives a general description of the geology of the Kona coast, and presents the geologic setting and issues for one of the parks. The related benthic-habitat mapping reports discuss the marine data and habitat classification scheme, and present results of the mapping program. \r\n\r\nPu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park ('Place of Refuge of Honaunau') is the southernmost of the three National Parks located on the leeward Kona coast of the Island of Hawai'i. It is a relatively small park originally 73 ha (182 acres), and was expanded in 2006 with the acquisition of an additional 96 ha (238 acres). The park is probably best known for the pu'uhonua (place of refuge) native Hawaiian cultural site. In addition to the pu'uhonua, the park contains palace grounds, royal fishponds, burial sites, prehistoric trails, a royal canoe landing area, stone house platforms and associated temple structures. A massive basalt rock wall (300 m long, 3 m high, and 5 m wide) separates the pu'uhonua from the areas used by Hawaiian royalty and other grounds. Honaunau Bay is a popular marine resource area adjacent to the park. \r\n\r\nThe seaward-sloping lands of PUHO lie at the base of Mauna Loa volcano, which forms a bench of low-lying pahoehoe lava flows at Pu'uhonua Point. The park coastline is approximately 1.6 km long and is mostly rocky with the exception of a small artificially nourished beach at Keone'ele Cove at the northern boundary next to Honaunau Bay. The park is bounded to the south by Ki'ilae Bay and includes the coastal portions of three Hawaiian land divisions (ahupua'a): Honaunau, Keokea, and Ki'ilae. The western boundary is the high tide mark. The waters of Keone'ele Cove, the ancient royal canoe landing at PUHO, while not formally under NPS jurisdiction, are managed by the park under an agreement with the State of Hawai'i. This small embayment is a known haven for sea turtles, which are often found sunning themselves on the nearshore volcanic platform. Impacts to this area include frequent visits by scuba divers and snorkelers to Honaunau Bay and a small boat ramp located just to the north of Keone'ele Cove. \r\n\r\nThere is an accompanying report that presents the results of benthic habitat mapping of the offshore waters for PUHO (Cochran and others, 2006b; linked below). They mapped from the shoreline to depths of approximately 40 m, where the shelf drops off to a sand-covered bottom. PUHO park boundaries extend only to the mean high-tide level; however, landscape impacts created by development around the park are of concern to","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081192","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Richmond, B.M., Cochran, S., and Gibbs, A.E., 2008, Geologic resource evaluation of Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park, Hawai'i; Part I, geology and coastal landforms (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1192, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081192.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12366,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388777,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86409.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.91470718383786,\n              19.406697227887108\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.8901596069336,\n              19.406697227887108\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.8901596069336,\n              19.423372920825656\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.91470718383786,\n              19.423372920825656\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.91470718383786,\n              19.406697227887108\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a83a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A.","contributorId":27533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97313,"text":"ofr20081191 - 2008 - Geologic resource evaluation of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawai'i: Geology and coastal landforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T20:11:44.869988","indexId":"ofr20081191","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1191","displayTitle":"Geologic resource evaluation of Kaloko-Honoköhau National Historical Park, Hawai'i: Geology and coastal landforms","title":"Geologic resource evaluation of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawai'i: Geology and coastal landforms","docAbstract":"Geologic resource inventories of lands managed by the National Park Service (NPS) are important products for the parks and are designed to provide scientific information to better manage park resources. Park-specific geologic reports are used to identify geologic features and processes that are relevant to park ecosystems, evaluate the impact of human activities on geologic features and processes, identify geologic research and monitoring needs, and enhance opportunities for education and interpretation. These geologic reports are planned to provide a brief geologic history of the park and address specific geologic issues that link the park geology and the resource manager. \r\n\r\nThe Kona coast National Parks of the Island of Hawai'i are intended to preserve the natural beauty of the Kona coast and protect significant ancient structures and artifacts of the native Hawaiians. Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site (PUHE), Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park (KAHO), and Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park (PUHO) are three Kona parks studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Team in cooperation with the National Park Service. This report is one of six related reports designed to provide geologic and benthic-habitat information for the three Kona parks. Each geology and coastal-landform report describes the regional geologic setting of the Hawaiian Islands, gives a general description of the geology of the Kona coast, and presents the geologic setting and issues for one of the parks. The related benthic-habitat mapping reports discuss the marine data and habitat classification scheme, and present results of the mapping program. \r\n\r\nKaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park (KAHO) was established in 1978 in order to preserve and protect traditional native Hawaiian culture and cultural sites. The park is the site of an ancient Hawaiian settlement, occupies 469 ha and is considered a locale of considerable cultural and historical significance. Cultural resources include fishponds, petroglyphs and a heiau (religious site). The fishponds are also recognized as exceptional birding areas and are important wetlands for migratory birds. The ocean and reef have been designated as a Marine Area Reserve, where green sea turtles commonly come ashore to rest. The park is also a valuable recreational resource, with approximately 4 km of coastline and a protective cove ideal for snorkeling and swimming. KAHO park boundaries extend beyond the mean high tide line and include the adjacent marine environment. An accompanying report for KAHO presents the results of benthic habitat mapping of the offshore waters, from the shoreline to approximately 40 m water depth. Ground-water quality and potential downslope impacts created by development around the park are of concern to Park management.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081191","usgsCitation":"Richmond, B.M., Gibbs, A.E., and Cochran, S., 2008, Geologic resource evaluation of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawai'i: Geology and coastal landforms (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1191, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081191.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12365,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388755,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86408.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.5,18.75 ], [ -156.5,20.5 ], [ -154.5,20.5 ], [ -154.5,18.75 ], [ -156.5,18.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6863a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A.","contributorId":27533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156071,"text":"70156071 - 2008 - Projecting cumulative benefits of multiple river restoration projects: an example from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T16:13:43","indexId":"70156071","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projecting cumulative benefits of multiple river restoration projects: an example from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system in California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Despite increasingly large investments, the potential ecological effects of river restoration programs are still small compared to the degree of human alterations to physical and ecological function. Thus, it is rarely possible to &ldquo;restore&rdquo; pre-disturbance conditions; rather restoration programs (even large, well-funded ones) will nearly always involve multiple small projects, each of which can make some modest change to selected ecosystem processes and habitats. At present, such projects are typically selected based on their attributes as individual projects (e.g., consistency with programmatic goals of the funders, scientific soundness, and acceptance by local communities), and ease of implementation. Projects are rarely prioritized (at least explicitly) based on how they will cumulatively affect ecosystem function over coming decades. Such projections require an understanding of the form of the restoration response curve, or at least that we assume some plausible relations and estimate cumulative effects based thereon. Drawing on our experience with the CALFED Bay-Delta Ecosystem Restoration Program in California, we consider potential cumulative system-wide benefits of a restoration activity extensively implemented in the region: isolating/filling abandoned floodplain gravel pits captured by rivers to reduce predation of outmigrating juvenile salmon by exotic warmwater species inhabiting the pits. We present a simple spreadsheet model to show how different assumptions about gravel pit bathymetry and predator behavior would affect the cumulative benefits of multiple pit-filling and isolation projects, and how these insights could help managers prioritize which pits to fill.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/s00267-008-9162-y","usgsCitation":"Kondolf, G.M., Angermeier, P.L., Cummins, K., Dunne, T., Healey, M., Kimmerer, W., Moyle, P.B., Murphy, D., Patten, D., Railsback, S., Reed, D.J., Spies, R.B., and Twiss, R., 2008, Projecting cumulative benefits of multiple river restoration projects: an example from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system in California: Environmental Management, v. 42, no. 6, p. 933-945, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9162-y.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"933","endPage":"945","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007035","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.25585937500001,\n              40.772221877329024\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              38.556757147352215\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.11376953125,\n              36.80048816579081\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.520263671875,\n              36.31512514748051\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.59643554687499,\n              37.727280276860036\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.3984375,\n              40.38839687388361\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25585937500001,\n              40.772221877329024\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfbbe4b08400b1fe142b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kondolf, G. Mathias","contributorId":146516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kondolf","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mathias","affiliations":[{"id":13243,"text":"University of California Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. biota@usgs.gov","contributorId":1432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":613,"text":"Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cummins, Kenneth","contributorId":146517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cummins","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunne, Thomas","contributorId":146518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunne","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Healey, Michael","contributorId":146519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Healey","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kimmerer, Wim","contributorId":26584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"Wim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moyle, Peter B.","contributorId":117099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyle","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Murphy, Dennis","contributorId":15236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Patten, Duncan","contributorId":146522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patten","given":"Duncan","affiliations":[{"id":13655,"text":"Montana State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Railsback, Steve F.","contributorId":68449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Railsback","given":"Steve F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Reed, Denise J.","contributorId":71903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Spies, Robert B.","contributorId":146523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spies","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Twiss, Robert","contributorId":146524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twiss","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70184300,"text":"70184300 - 2008 - Could mangroves be Tampa Bay's next cash crop?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-02T12:38:06","indexId":"70184300","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":977,"text":"Bay Soundings","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Could mangroves be Tampa Bay's next cash crop?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Obviously, no one is recommending cutting down mangroves to sell, but environmental managers are working toward putting a price tag on the benefits they provide to help ensure that they are protected. Though the process is just beginning here, estimates from studies in other locations indicate that the 15,000 acres of mangrove forests surrounding Tampa Bay could be worth $75 to $225 million a year for the services they provide.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council","usgsCitation":"Cimitile, M., 2008, Could mangroves be Tampa Bay's next cash crop?: Bay Soundings, no. Fall 2008, HTML document.","productDescription":"HTML document","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://baysoundings.com/legacy-archives/fall08/Stories/feature.php"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70187196,"text":"70187196 - 2008 - Evaluation of the sustainability of deep groundwater as an arsenic-safe resource in the Bengal Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T10:31:51","indexId":"70187196","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the sustainability of deep groundwater as an arsenic-safe resource in the Bengal Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Tens of millions of people in the Bengal Basin region of Bangladesh and India drink groundwater containing unsafe concentrations of arsenic. This high-arsenic groundwater is produced from shallow (&lt;100 m) depths by domestic and irrigation wells in the Bengal Basin aquifer system. The government of Bangladesh has begun to install wells to depths of &gt;150 m where groundwater arsenic concentrations are nearly uniformly low, and many more wells are needed, however, the sustainability of deep, arsenic-safe groundwater has not been previously assessed. Deeper pumping could induce downward migration of dissolved arsenic, permanently destroying the deep resource. Here, it is shown, through quantitative, large-scale hydrogeologic analysis and simulation of the entire basin, that the deeper part of the aquifer system may provide a sustainable source of arsenic-safe water if its utilization is limited to domestic supply. Simulations provide two explanations for this result: deep domestic pumping only slightly perturbs the deep groundwater flow system, and substantial shallow pumping for irrigation forms a hydraulic barrier that protects deeper resources from shallow arsenic sources. Additional analysis indicates that this simple management approach could provide arsenic-safe drinking water to &gt;90% of the arsenic-impacted region over a 1,000-year timescale. This insight may assist water-resources managers in alleviating one of the world's largest groundwater contamination problems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0710477105","usgsCitation":"Michaela, H.A., and Voss, C.I., 2008, Evaluation of the sustainability of deep groundwater as an arsenic-safe resource in the Bengal Basin: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 25, p. 8531-8536, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710477105.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"8531","endPage":"8536","ipdsId":"IP-003995","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710477105","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"25","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1c1e4b0c2e071a99bc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michaela, Holly A.","contributorId":57357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaela","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184302,"text":"70184302 - 2008 - Slowing of coastal subsidence is good news for restoration of Louisiana's wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T09:19:38","indexId":"70184302","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3431,"text":"Sound Waves: Coastal science and research news from across the USGS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slowing of coastal subsidence is good news for restoration of Louisiana's wetlands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Every year, volunteers use thousands of discarded Christmas trees to build brush fences in the coastal waters of Louisiana. The fences slow down waves and trap sediment, allowing aquatic vegetation to take root in the still water and stimulating the growth of new marsh. This is one of many efforts to counteract wetland loss (the loss of saline, brackish, intermediate, and freshwater marshes) that has plagued coastal Louisiana since the mid-20th century. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists recently announced good news for Louisiana's coastal-restoration projects: using a combination of historical and recently released data, they discovered that subsidence of coastal land in the Mississippi River delta plain appears to have slowed considerably since the 1990s. This discovery means that new marshlands created by the Christmas tree program and other restoration projects may persist—that is, stay above sea level—longer than previously thought.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Cimitile, M., and Gibbons, H., 2008, Slowing of coastal subsidence is good news for restoration of Louisiana's wetlands: Sound Waves: Coastal science and research news from across the USGS, HTML document.","productDescription":"HTML document","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2008/10/research.html","text":"Document","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Document"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.834228515625,\n              29.707139348134145\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22998046875,\n              29.707139348134145\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22998046875,\n              30.12612436422458\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.834228515625,\n              30.12612436422458\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.834228515625,\n              29.707139348134145\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.52734374999999,\n              29.05616970274342\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.835205078125,\n              29.05616970274342\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.835205078125,\n              29.640320395351402\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.52734374999999,\n              29.640320395351402\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.52734374999999,\n              29.05616970274342\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f8e4b014cc3a3ba4e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cimitile, Matthew","contributorId":50276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cimitile","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbons, Helen hgibbons@usgs.gov","contributorId":912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"Helen","email":"hgibbons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70194261,"text":"70194261 - 2008 - A note on the effect of wind waves on vertical mixing in Franks Tract, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:20:16","indexId":"70194261","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on the effect of wind waves on vertical mixing in Franks Tract, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>A one-dimensional numerical model that simulates the effects of whitecapping waves was used to investigate the importance of whitecapping waves to vertical mixing at a 3-meter-deep site in Franks Tract in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta over an 11-day period. Locally-generated waves of mean period approximately 2 s were generated under strong wind conditions; significant wave heights ranged from 0 to 0.3 m. A surface turbulent kinetic energy flux was used to model whitecapping waves during periods when wind speeds &gt; 5 m s-1 (62% of observations). The surface was modeled as a wind stress log-layer for the remaining 38% of the observations. The model results demonstrated that under moderate wind conditions (5–8 m s-1 at 10 m above water level), and hence moderate wave heights, whitecapping waves provided the dominant source of turbulent kinetic energy to only the top 10% of the water column. Under stronger wind (&gt; 8 m s-1), and hence larger wave conditions, whitecapping waves provided the dominant source of turbulent kinetic energy over a larger portion of the water column; however, this region extended to the bottom half of the water column for only 7% of the observation period. The model results indicated that phytoplankton concentrations close to the bed were unlikely to be affected by the whitecapping of waves, and that the formation of concentration boundary layers due to benthic grazing was unlikely to be disrupted by whitecapping waves. Furthermore, vertical mixing of suspended sediment was unlikely to be affected by whitecapping waves under the conditions experienced during the 11-day experiment. Instead, the bed stress provided by tidal currents was the dominant source of turbulent kinetic energy over the bottom half of the water column for the majority of the 11-day period.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Muir Institute of the Environment","usgsCitation":"Thompson, J.K., Jones, N.L., and Monismith, S.G., 2008, A note on the effect of wind waves on vertical mixing in Franks Tract, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 6, no. 2, p. 1-11.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-002562","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sk8z936"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.06909179687501,\n              37.82822612280363\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.26846313476561,\n              37.82822612280363\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.26846313476561,\n              38.31903340948611\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06909179687501,\n              38.31903340948611\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06909179687501,\n              37.82822612280363\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610f69e4b06e28e9c257ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Nicole L.","contributorId":200624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":200625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":97172,"text":"sir20085054 - 2008 - Temporal Differences in Flow Depth and Velocity Distributions and Hydraulic Microhabitats Near Bridges of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska, 1934-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20085054","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5054","title":"Temporal Differences in Flow Depth and Velocity Distributions and Hydraulic Microhabitats Near Bridges of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska, 1934-2006","docAbstract":"As part of a collaborative study of the cumulative impacts on stream and riparian ecology of water and channel management practices in the lower Platte River, Nebraska, this report describes a study by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District that summarizes: (1) temporal differences in distribution of streamflow depth, velocity, and microhabitats among five discrete 11-water-year periods 1934-44, 1951-61, 1966-76, 1985-95, and 1996-2006, and (2) the effects of bridge proximity on distribution of streamflow depth, velocity, and microhabitat of the Platte River when cross sections were measured at a similar discharge. The scope of the study included the four presently (2008) active streamflow-gaging stations located near bridges over the lower Platte River at North Bend, near Leshara, near Ashland, and at Louisville, Nebraska, and the most downstream streamflow-gaging station within the central Platte River segment near Duncan, Nebraska.\r\n\r\nGenerally, in cases where temporal differences in streamflow depth and velocity were evident, at least one of the water-year periods from 1934 through 1995 had deeper streamflow than the recent water-year period (1996-2006). Temporal differences in distributions of streamflow depth were not strongly associated with differences in either climatic conditions or the maximum peak flow that occurred prior to the latest discharge measurement during each period. The relative cross-sectional area of most hydraulic niches did not differ among the water-year periods. Part of this apparent uniformity likely was an artifact of the broad microhabitat classification used for this study. In cases where temporal differences in relative cross-sectional area of hydraulic niches were evidenced, the differences occurred during high- and low-flow conditions, not during median flow conditions. The temporal differences in relative cross-sectional area were found more frequently for hydraulic niches defined by moderate and fast velocities than for hydraulic niches defined by slow velocities. Generally, any significant increase or decrease in the relative cross-sectional areas of hydraulic niches during the water-year periods from 1934 through 1995 had disappeared during the most recent water-year period, 1996-2006.\r\n\r\nDeep-Swift niche was the predominant hydraulic niche for all near-bridge sites on the lower Platte River for high- and median-flow conditions. The Deep-Swift niche also was the predominant niche for the near-bridge sites near Ashland and at Louisville for low-flow conditions; for the near-bridge sites at North Bend and near Leshara, streamflow cross-sectional areas during low-flow conditions were shared among the Shallow-Moderate, Intermediate-Moderate, Intermediate-Swift, and Deep-Swift hydraulic niches. For the near-bridge site near Duncan, the site farthest downstream in the central Platte River system, the Deep-Swift hydraulic niche was predominant only during high-flow conditions; during median- and low-flow conditions the relative cross-sectional area was shared among the Shallow-Slow, Shallow-Moderate, Intermediate-Moderate, and Intermediate-Swift hydraulic niches.\r\n\r\nSignificant temporal differences in the relative cross-sectional area of the Deep-Swift hydraulic niche were found for sites near the two farthest downstream bridges near Ashland and at Louisville, but only for low-flow conditions. The Deep-Swift microhabitat was of special interest because it is the preferred hydraulic habitat during the adult life of the endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus). Temporal differences in relative cross-sectional areas of the Glide low-flow geomorphic microhabitat that contained the Deep-Swift hydraulic niche also indicated that relative cross-sectional areas of the Glide during the 1951-61 and 1996-2006 water-year periods were lower than during the 1966-76 period. The temporal differences indicated that any significant temporal chang","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Platte South Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Ginting, D., and Zelt, R.B., 2008, Temporal Differences in Flow Depth and Velocity Distributions and Hydraulic Microhabitats Near Bridges of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska, 1934-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5054, Report: viii, 99 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085054.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 99 p.; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1934-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5054.jpg"},{"id":12157,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.66666666666667,40.5 ], [ -97.66666666666667,41.666666666666664 ], [ -96,41.666666666666664 ], [ -96,40.5 ], [ -97.66666666666667,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685653","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ginting, Daniel","contributorId":77257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginting","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zelt, Ronald B. 0000-0001-9024-855X rbzelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-855X","contributorId":300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"Ronald","email":"rbzelt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97143,"text":"sir20075101 - 2008 - The coral reef of South Moloka'i, Hawai'i— Portrait of a sediment-threatened fringing reef","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T20:40:57.850638","indexId":"sir20075101","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5101","title":"The coral reef of South Moloka'i, Hawai'i— Portrait of a sediment-threatened fringing reef","docAbstract":"<p>Moloka‘i, with the most extensive coral reef in the main Hawaiian Islands, is especially sacred to Hina, the Goddess of the Moon. As Hinaalo, she is the Mother of the Hawaiian people; as Hinapuku‘a, she is the Goddess of Fishermen; and in the form Hina‘opuhalako‘a, she is the Goddess who gave birth to coral, coral reefs, and all spiny marine organisms. Interdependence between the reef’s living resources, the people, and their cosmology was the basis for management of Moloka‘i’s coastal waters for over a thousand years.</p><p><span>The ancient residents of Moloka‘i built the greatest concentration of fishponds known anywhere, but their mastery of mariculture, something needed now more than ever, was lost after near genocide from exotic Western diseases. Subsequent destruction of the native vegetation for exotic cattle, goats, pigs, sugar cane, and pineapple caused soil erosion and sedimentation on the reef flat. This masterful volume clearly documents that soil washing into the sea is the major threat to the reef today. Abandoned fishponds, choked with sediment, now act as barriers and mud traps, making damage to corals less than it would otherwise would have been.</span></p><p><span>The role of mud and freshwater from land in preventing coral reef growth, clearly articulated in Charles Darwin’s first book, The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs, is the major theme of this book. All around the tropics, coral reefs have died from huge increases in terrestrial sedimentation that resulted from destruction of hillside forests for cash-crop agriculture and pastures in the colonial era, especially in Latin America, Asia, and the islands of the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific. It is obvious that one cannot manage the coastal zone as a unit separate from the watersheds that drain into it. Yet there has been surprisingly little comprehensive scientific study of these impacts.</span></p><p><span>In this landmark volume, U.S. Geological Survey researchers and their colleagues have developed and applied a remarkably integrated approach to the reefs of Moloka‘i, combining geology, oceanography, and biology to provide an in-depth understanding of the processes that have made these reefs grow and that now limit them. They have joined old fashioned natural history of marine animals and plants with study of the geological evolution of the island, hydrology, meteorology, and land-use history, to an arsenal of new methods of remote sensing, including aerial photography, laser ranging, infrared thermal mapping, seismic reflection, in-situ instrumentation to measure chemical parameters of water quality, and direct measurements of the physical driving forces affecting them—such as wave energy, currents, sedimentation, and sediment transport. They provide a level of documentation and insight that has never been available for any reef before.</span></p><p><span>A remarkable feature of this book is that it is aimed at the people of Moloka‘i to inform them of what is happening to their reef and what they might do to preserve their vital resources. The scientific data and interpretations are expressed in unusually clear and comprehensible language, free of the professional jargon that makes most technical publications impenetrable to the public that most needs to know about them, yet without loss of scientific rigor.</span></p><p><span>Here readers will see clearly explained the whole path of soil loss, from the impacts of wild pigs and goats at higher elevations, deforestation of the hills for cattle pasture at lower levels, and denudation of low lands for cash crops. The resulting biological impoverishment has bared the soils, which wash away in flash storms, smothering the inshore reefs, whose growth was already limited because they had grown right up to sea level. The data in this book show that the mud doesn’t get far if it is washed into the sea during a big storm with heavy waves. Afterwards this mud keeps getting stirred up by every succeeding storm, spreading and affecting corals over wider areas until it is finally washed out of the system—and that only happens if there is no more new mud washing onto the reef.</span></p><p><span>I saw this myself a few years ago in Pila‘a Bay on Kaua‘i, where a bulldozed hillside of abandoned sugar cane fields had slumped right on top of a coral reef following exceptional rains. Years later, the algae species were zoned in a way that clearly mapped the distribution of nutrients washed into the bay, most likely from fertilizers bound to the eroded soils. That pattern closely mimics, on a small scale, that shown in Moloka‘i in this volume, where the inner reef is covered with algae, zoned by species in a way that points to land-based sources of nutrients, while the outermost reef slope is still coral dominated, and the deep algae seem to indicate deep-water nutrient upwelling.</span></p><p><span>What of the future? The Hawaiian Islands have been exceptionally fortunate to be spared the worst coral heatstroke death from high temperatures, at least to date. So far, the worst global warming impacts have luckily been small in this region, and the small number of people on Moloka‘i has kept population densities, and sewage pollution, low compared to the more developed islands. Nutrients from years of sugar and pineapple fertilization, and the washing of this soil onto the reefs, show clear influences on the pattern of algae on the reef. Even at very low levels of nutrients, well below that which drives algae to smother and kill coral reefs, more algae is present. Soil erosion control is therefore the key to better management of both nutrients and turbidity on Moloka‘i reefs. To that end land management actions mentioned in this book, such as suppressing wild fires and eliminating wild goats and pigs, could be made even more effective if supplemented by active erosion control using plants whose roots bind the soil effectively in place. Through all of these efforts, Hina and the people of Moloka‘i could be happy again!</span><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075101","isbn":"1411322886","usgsCitation":"2008, The coral reef of South Moloka'i, Hawai'i— Portrait of a sediment-threatened fringing reef (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5101, vi, 190 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075101.","productDescription":"vi, 190 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20075101.JPG"},{"id":391450,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_85395.htm"},{"id":12128,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"South Molokai Reef","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.7762756347656,\n              21.21514025408941\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.89712524414062,\n              21.20105715553566\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.02621459960935,\n              21.24074244508678\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.30224609375,\n              21.249702161806933\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.30224609375,\n              21.185692243796037\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.34344482421875,\n              21.09346926561652\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.18139648437497,\n              21.04861794324536\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.10037231445312,\n              21.074248926792812\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.03445434570312,\n              21.04477291496186\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.94793701171872,\n              21.025546284581797\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.84219360351562,\n              21.021700660816588\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.73095703125,\n              21.06399706324597\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.66366577148438,\n              21.140868798573788\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.68975830078125,\n              21.197216077387107\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7762756347656,\n              21.21514025408941\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eb66","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579481,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A. 0000-0002-2442-8787 scochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8787","contributorId":2062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","email":"scochran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579482,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B. 0000-0002-6191-4119 jlogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6191-4119","contributorId":2335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua","email":"jlogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579483,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":2333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":579484,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70198280,"text":"70198280 - 2008 - Steady and intermittent slipping in a model of landslide motion regulated by pore-pressure feedback","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-03T13:41:21","indexId":"70198280","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-19T09:50:42","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5826,"text":"SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Steady and intermittent slipping in a model of landslide motion regulated by pore-pressure feedback","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper studies a parsimonious model of landslide motion, which consists of the one-dimensional diffusion equation (for pore pressure) coupled through a boundary condition to a first-order ODE (Newton's second law). Velocity weakening of sliding friction gives rise to nonlinearity in the model. Analysis shows that solutions of the model equations exhibit a subcritical Hopf bifurcation in which stable, steady sliding can transition to cyclical, stick-slip motion. Numerical computations confirm the analytical predictions of the parameter values at which bifurcation occurs. The existence of stick-slip behavior in part of the parameter space is particularly noteworthy because,&nbsp;</span><i>unlike stick-slip behavior in classical models</i><span>, here it arises in the absence of a reversible (elastic) driving force. Instead, the driving force is static (gravitational), mediated by the effects of pore-pressure diffusion on frictional resistance.</span><br><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SIAM","doi":"10.1137/07070704X","usgsCitation":"Schaeffer, D.G., and Iverson, R.M., 2008, Steady and intermittent slipping in a model of landslide motion regulated by pore-pressure feedback: SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, v. 69, no. 3, p. 769-786, https://doi.org/10.1137/07070704X.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"769","endPage":"786","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaeffer, David G.","contributorId":206509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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