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,{"id":50652,"text":"ofr02238 - 2004 - Mineral commodity profiles: Cadmium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:25","indexId":"ofr02238","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-238","title":"Mineral commodity profiles: Cadmium","docAbstract":"Overview -- Cadmium is a soft, low-melting-point metal that has many uses. It is similar in abundance to antimony and bismuth and is the 63d element in order of crustal abundance. Cadmium is associated in nature with zinc (and, less closely, with lead and copper) and is extracted mainly as a byproduct of the mining and processing of zinc. In 2000, it was refined in 27 countries, of which the 8 largest accounted for two-thirds of world production. The United States was the third largest refiner after Japan and China. World production in 2000 was 19,700 metric tons (t) and U.S. production was 1,890 t. In the United States, one company in Illinois and another in Tennessee refined primary cadmium. A Pennsylvania company recovered cadmium from scrap, mainly spent nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries. The supply of cadmium in the world and in the United States appears to be adequate to meet future industrial needs; the United States has about 23 percent of the world reserve base.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02238","usgsCitation":"Butterman, W., and Plachy, J., 2004, Mineral commodity profiles: Cadmium (Version 1.0, online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-238, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02238.","productDescription":"25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4134,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":169893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0, online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635889","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butterman, W. C.","contributorId":13679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butterman","given":"W. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plachy, Jozef","contributorId":38196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plachy","given":"Jozef","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53749,"text":"ofr0319 - 2004 - Mineral Commodity Profiles: Antimony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"ofr0319","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-19","title":"Mineral Commodity Profiles: Antimony","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0319","usgsCitation":"Butterman, W., and Carlin, J., 2004, Mineral Commodity Profiles: Antimony: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-19, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0319.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5150,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butterman, W. C.","contributorId":13679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butterman","given":"W. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlin, J.F. Jr.","contributorId":8166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlin","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54141,"text":"ofr03410 - 2004 - Pleistocene and Holocene colluvial fans and terraces in the Blue Ridge region of Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:05","indexId":"ofr03410","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-410","title":"Pleistocene and Holocene colluvial fans and terraces in the Blue Ridge region of Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03410","usgsCitation":"Morgan, B., Eaton, L., and Wieczorek, G.F., 2004, Pleistocene and Holocene colluvial fans and terraces in the Blue Ridge region of Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-410, 25 p., 1 over-size sheet; scale 1:100,000 (1 inch = about 1.6 miles), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03410.","productDescription":"25 p., 1 over-size sheet; scale 1:100,000 (1 inch = about 1.6 miles)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110476,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62899.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"62899"},{"id":181355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5588,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-410/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684f65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, B. A.","contributorId":87128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, L.S.","contributorId":88403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53680,"text":"ofr20041050 - 2004 - Geology and Indoor Radon in Schools of the Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District, Palos Verdes Peninsula, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:49:43","indexId":"ofr20041050","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1050","title":"Geology and Indoor Radon in Schools of the Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District, Palos Verdes Peninsula, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041050","usgsCitation":"Duval, J.S., Fukumoto, L.E., Fukumoto, J.M., and Snyder, S.L., 2004, Geology and Indoor Radon in Schools of the Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District, Palos Verdes Peninsula, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1050, online report, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041050.","productDescription":"online report","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4999,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duval, Joseph S.","contributorId":22314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fukumoto, Lauren E.","contributorId":100468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fukumoto","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fukumoto, Joseph M.","contributorId":28661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fukumoto","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, Stephen L. ssnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":4753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Stephen","email":"ssnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":53755,"text":"ofr20041038 - 2004 - Inventory of Significant Mineral Deposit Occurrences in the Headwaters Project Area in Idaho, Western Montana, and Extreme Eastern Oregon and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"ofr20041038","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1038","title":"Inventory of Significant Mineral Deposit Occurrences in the Headwaters Project Area in Idaho, Western Montana, and Extreme Eastern Oregon and Washington","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041038","usgsCitation":"Spanski, G.T., 2004, Inventory of Significant Mineral Deposit Occurrences in the Headwaters Project Area in Idaho, Western Montana, and Extreme Eastern Oregon and Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1038, 13 p. + database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041038.","productDescription":"13 p. + database","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5156,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1038/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ace4b07f02db5c6a70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spanski, Gregory T.","contributorId":43806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanski","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53950,"text":"ofr20041039 - 2004 - Location, Age, and Tectonic Significance of the Western Idaho Suture Zone (WISZ)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20041039","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1039","title":"Location, Age, and Tectonic Significance of the Western Idaho Suture Zone (WISZ)","docAbstract":"The Western Idaho Suture Zone (WISZ) represents the boundary between crust overlying Proterozoic North American lithosphere and Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic intraoceanic crust accreted during Cretaceous time. Highly deformed plutons constituted of both arc and sialic components intrude the WISZ and in places are thrust over the accreted terranes. Pronounced variations in Sr, Nd, and O isotope ratios and in major and trace element composition occur across the suture zone in Mesozoic plutons. The WISZ is located by an abrupt west to east increase in initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios, traceable for over 300 km from eastern Washington near Clarkston, east along the Clearwater River thorough a bend to the south of about 110? from Orofino Creek to Harpster, and extending south-southwest to near Ola, Idaho, where Columbia River basalts conceal its extension to the south. K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar apparent ages of hornblende and biotite from Jurassic and Early Cretaceous plutons in the accreted terranes are highly discordant within about 10 km of the WISZ, exhibiting patterns of thermal loss caused by deformation, subsequent batholith intrusion, and rapid rise of the continental margin. Major crustal movements within the WISZ commenced after about 135 Ma, but much of the displacement may have been largely vertical, during and following emplacement of batholith-scale silicic magmas. Deformation continued until at least 85 Ma and probably until 74 Ma, progressing from south to north.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041039","usgsCitation":"Fleck, R.J., and Criss, R.E., 2004, Location, Age, and Tectonic Significance of the Western Idaho Suture Zone (WISZ): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1039, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041039.","productDescription":"48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4863,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1039/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63550e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Criss, Robert E.","contributorId":39447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criss","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53709,"text":"ofr20041008 - 2004 - Geophysical Terranes of the Great Basin and Parts of Surrounding Provinces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:39","indexId":"ofr20041008","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1008","title":"Geophysical Terranes of the Great Basin and Parts of Surrounding Provinces","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041008","usgsCitation":"Glen, J., McKee, E.H., Ludington, S., Ponce, D.A., Hildenbrand, T.G., and Hopkins, M.J., 2004, Geophysical Terranes of the Great Basin and Parts of Surrounding Provinces: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1008, 303 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041008.","productDescription":"303 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5051,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c433","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M. G.","contributorId":45756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hopkins, Melanie J.","contributorId":95132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":53751,"text":"ofr20041002 - 2004 - Content Metadata Standards for Marine Science: A Case Study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-22T14:13:38","indexId":"ofr20041002","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1002","title":"Content Metadata Standards for Marine Science: A Case Study","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey developed a content metadata standard to meet the demands of organizing electronic resources in the marine sciences for a broad, heterogeneous audience. These metadata standards are used by the Marine Realms Information Bank project, a Web-based public distributed library of marine science from academic institutions and government agencies. The development and deployment of this metadata standard serve as a model, complete with lessons about mistakes, for the creation of similarly specialized metadata standards for digital libraries.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041002","usgsCitation":"Riall, R.L., Marincioni, F., and Lightsom, F.L., 2004, Content Metadata Standards for Marine Science: A Case Study: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1002, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041002.","productDescription":"42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5152,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699027","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riall, Rebecca L.","contributorId":42655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riall","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marincioni, Fausto","contributorId":53879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marincioni","given":"Fausto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lightsom, Frances L. 0000-0003-4043-3639 flightsom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-3639","contributorId":1535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightsom","given":"Frances","email":"flightsom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53951,"text":"ofr20041047 - 2004 - Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20041047","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1047","title":"Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 2002","docAbstract":"The Volcano Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is part of the Geologic Hazards Assessments subactivity as funded by Congressional appropriation. Investigations are carried out in the Geology and Hydrology Disciplines of the USGS and with cooperators at the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, University of Hawaii Hilo, University of Utah, and University of Washington Geophysics Program. This report lists publications from all these institutions.\r\n\r\nThis report contains only published papers and maps; numerous abstracts produced for presentations at scientific meetings have not been included. Publications are included based on date of publication with no attempt to assign them to Fiscal Year.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041047","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., 2004, Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1047, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041047.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4864,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698332","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53750,"text":"ofr03474 - 2004 - Cruise Report for G1-03-GM, USGS Gas Hydrates Cruise, R/V Gyre, 1-14 May 2003, Northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"ofr03474","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-474","title":"Cruise Report for G1-03-GM, USGS Gas Hydrates Cruise, R/V Gyre, 1-14 May 2003, Northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"This report gives a summary of the field program and instrumentation used on the R/V Gyre in the Gulf of Mexico in May, 2003, to collect multichannel seismic data in support of USGS and Department of Energy gas hydrate studies. Tabulated statistics, metadata, figures and maps are included to show the breadth of data collected and preliminary interpretations made during the field program. Geophysical data collected during this cruise will be released in a separate report.\r\n\r\nAt the start of the cruise, three test lines were run to compare different source configurations in order to optimize data quality for the objectives of the cruise. The source chosen was the 13/13 in3 Generator-Injector (GI) Gun. Following these tests, a total of 101 lines (approximately 1033 km) of 24-channel high-resolution seismic reflection data were collected in the northern Gulf of Mexico. 59 lines (about 600 km) were collected in and around lease block Keathley Canyon 195. An additional 4 lines (85 km) provided a seismic tie between the Keathley Canyon data and USGS multichannel data collected in 1999. About 253 km of data were collected along 35 short lines in and around lease block Atwater Valley 14 on the floor of the Mississippi Canyon. Three lines (53 km) completed the cruise and provided a seismic tie to USGS multichannel data collected in 1998.\r\n\r\nTwo on-board trained marine-mammal observers fulfilled the requirements determined by NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service to avoid incidental harassment of marine mammals as established in the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA). A total of three species of dolphins were observed during the cruise and one basking shark. No sperm whales were sighted. During the cruise, seismic operations were not delayed or terminated because of marine mammal activity.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03474","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., and Hart, P.E., 2004, Cruise Report for G1-03-GM, USGS Gas Hydrates Cruise, R/V Gyre, 1-14 May 2003, Northern Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-474, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03474.","productDescription":"103 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5151,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-474/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680853","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53396,"text":"ofr20041075 - 2004 - Bedrock geology and mineral resources of the Knoxville 1° x 2° quadrangle, Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T21:24:25.958608","indexId":"ofr20041075","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1075","title":"Bedrock geology and mineral resources of the Knoxville 1° x 2° quadrangle, Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>The Knoxville 1&deg;x 2&deg; quadrangle spans the Southern Blue Ridge physiographic province at its widest point from eastern Tennessee across western North Carolina to the northwest corner of South Carolina. The quadrangle also contains small parts of the Valley and Ridge province in Tennessee and the Piedmont province in North and South Carolina. Bedrock in the Valley and Ridge consists of unmetamorphosed, folded and thrust-faulted Paleozoic miogeoclinal sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Cambrian to Mississippian. The Blue Ridge is a complex of stacked thrust sheets divided into three parts: (1) a west flank underlain by rocks of the Late Proterozoic and Early Cambrian Chilhowee Group and slightly metamorphosed Late Proterozoic Ocoee Supergroup west of the Greenbrier fault; (2) a central part containing crystalline basement of Middle Proterozoic age (Grenville), Ocoee Supergroup rocks east of the Greenbrier fault, and rocks of the Murphy belt; and (3) an east flank containing the Helen, Tallulah Falls, and Richard Russell thrust sheets and the amphibolitic basement complex. All of the east flank thrust sheets contain polydeformed and metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks of mostly Proterozoic age. The Blue Ridge is separated by the Brevard fault zone from a large area of rocks of the Inner Piedmont to the east, which contains the Six Mile thrust sheet and the ChaugaWalhalla thrust complex. All of these rocks are also polydeformed and metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks. The Inner Piedmont rocks in this area occupy both the Piedmont and part of the Blue Ridge physiographic provinces.</p>\n<p>The intensity of deformation and metamorphism increases from west to east in the Blue Ridge. The west flank is mostly chlorite grade or relatively unmetamorphosed, and the central part of the Blue Ridge is mostly staurolite, garnet, or biotite grade, although sillimanite grade rocks occur along the eastern part of the central Blue Ridge in the vicinity of the leading edge of the Hayesvil Ie fault. The east flank of the Blue Ridge and much of the Inner Piedmont are at kyanite or silli manite grade of Manuscript approved for publication February 22, 1991. regional metamorphism except for a zone of retrograde rocks in the Brevard fault zone and a small area of biotite-grade rocks in the extreme southwest part of the Grandfather Mountain window in the northeast corner of the quadrangle.</p>\n<p>The major mineral resources in the Knoxville 1&deg;x2&deg; quadrangle are construction materials and a variety of industrial minerals mostly related to either granite and pegmatite or ultramafic rocks. Past production in the quadrangle of metals, which are of secondary importance relative to construction materials and industrial minerals, include copper in massive sulfides of the Besshi type, gold-bearing quartz veins, and residual iron and manganese deposits. Resources are discussed in relation to the Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont provinces. The following resources are the most important:</p>\n<p>A. Construction materials:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Dimension stone of the Tennessee marble district in the Valley and Ridge.</li>\n<li>Limestone and dolomite of the Valley and Ridge.</li>\n<li>Sand and gravel and crushed stone, widespread throughout the quadrangle.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>B. Industrial minerals:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Feldspar, flake mica, and quartz produced by flotation methods from the Spruce Pine Alaskite (muscovite granodiorite) in the east flank of the Blue Ridge. The district produces about half of the U.S. feldspar and significant amounts of the U.S. flake mica.</li>\n<li>Olivine produced from alpine-type dunite bodies in the east flank of the Blue Ridge.</li>\n<li>Talc and marble from the Murphy belt in the central part of the Blue Ridge,</li>\n<li>Vermiculite produced from a large deposit near Tigerville, S.C-, in the Inner Piedmont. Deposit worked out and mine backfilled. Smaller deposits associated with ultramafic rocks in the east flank of the Blue Ridge are now uneconomic and have not been worked in the past 20 years.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>C. Metals:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Copper in three deposits, the Fontana and Hazel Creek mines in the Great Smoky Mountains Abstract Figure 1. Location of the Knoxville 1&ordm;x2&ordm; quadrangle, with state and county boundaries National Park in the Central Blue Ridge, and the Cullowhee mine in the east flank of the Blue Ridge.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>D. Organic fuels:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>The rocks of the quadrangle contain no coal and probably lie outside the maximum range in thermal maturity permitting the survival of oil. The rocks in the Valley and Ridge and for a short distance eastward below the west flank of the Blue Ridge probably lie within a zone of thermal maturity permitting the survival of natural gas. Consequently the western part of the quadrangle is an area of high risk for hydrocarbon exploration. No exploration drilling has been done in this belt.</li>\n</ol>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041075","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G.R., Lesure, F.G., Marlowe, J.I., Foley, N.K., and Clark, S.H., 2004, Bedrock geology and mineral resources of the Knoxville 1° x 2° quadrangle, Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1075, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041075.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":409036,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_63783.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":5175,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -84,\n              36            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -84,\n              35\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63dba8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Gilpin R. Jr. grobinso@usgs.gov","contributorId":3083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Gilpin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"grobinso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lesure, Frank G.","contributorId":20068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesure","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marlowe, J. I. II","contributorId":6939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlowe","given":"J.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, S. H.","contributorId":47425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":53439,"text":"ofr20041005 - 2004 - Mineral Deposit Data for Epigenetic Base- and Precious-metal and Uranium-thorium Deposits in South-central and Southwestern Montana and Southern and Central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20041005","displayToPublicDate":"2004-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1005","title":"Mineral Deposit Data for Epigenetic Base- and Precious-metal and Uranium-thorium Deposits in South-central and Southwestern Montana and Southern and Central Idaho","docAbstract":"Metal deposits spatially associated with the Cretaceous Boulder and Idaho batholiths of southwestern Montana and southern and central Idaho have been exploited since the early 1860s. Au was first discovered in placer deposits; exploitation of vein deposits in bedrock soon followed. In 1865, high-grade Ag vein deposits were discovered and remained economically important until the 1890s. Early high-grade deposits of Au, Ag and Pb were found in the weathered portions of the veins systems. As mining progressed to deeper levels, Ag and Pb grades diminished. Exploration for and development of these vein deposits in this area have continued until the present. A majority of these base- and precious-metal vein deposits are classified as polymetallic veins (PMV) and polymetallic carbonate-replacement (PMR) deposits in this compilation. Porphyry Cu and Mo, epithermal (Au, Ag, Hg and Sb), base- and precious-metal and W skarn, W vein, and U and Th vein deposits are also common in this area. The world-class Butte Cu porphyry and the Butte high-sulfidation Cu vein deposits are in this study area. PMV and PMR deposits are the most numerous in the region and constitute about 85% of the deposit records compiled. Several types of syngenetic/diagenetic sulfide mineral deposits in rocks of the Belt Supergroup or their equivalents are common in the region and they have been the source of a substantial metal production over the last century. These syngenetic deposits and their metamorphosed/structurally remobilized equivalents were not included in this database; therefore, deposits in the Idaho portion of the Coeur d'Alene district and the Idaho Cobalt belt, for example, have not been included because many of them are believed to be of this type.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041005","usgsCitation":"Klein, T.L., 2004, Mineral Deposit Data for Epigenetic Base- and Precious-metal and Uranium-thorium Deposits in South-central and Southwestern Montana and Southern and Central Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1005, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041005.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5261,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, T. L.","contributorId":76322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53441,"text":"ofr20041022 - 2004 - Update: World Coal Quality Inventory -- Argentina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:54","indexId":"ofr20041022","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1022","title":"Update: World Coal Quality Inventory -- Argentina","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041022","usgsCitation":"Brooks, W.E., and Willett, J.C., 2004, Update: World Coal Quality Inventory -- Argentina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1022, online only; 6 fgis., 2 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041022.","productDescription":"online only; 6 fgis., 2 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5263,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, William E.","contributorId":104061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willett, Jason C. 0000-0002-7598-3174 jwillett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-3174","contributorId":3516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willett","given":"Jason","email":"jwillett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53442,"text":"ofr20041023 - 2004 - Update: World Coal Quality Inventory -- Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:54","indexId":"ofr20041023","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1023","title":"Update: World Coal Quality Inventory -- Peru","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041023","usgsCitation":"Brooks, W.E., and Willett, J.C., 2004, Update: World Coal Quality Inventory -- Peru: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1023, online only; 5 figs, 2 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041023.","productDescription":"online only; 5 figs, 2 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5264,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, William E.","contributorId":104061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willett, Jason C. 0000-0002-7598-3174 jwillett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-3174","contributorId":3516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willett","given":"Jason","email":"jwillett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53443,"text":"ofr20041024 - 2004 - Mineral, Energy, and Fertilizer Resources of the North Coast of Peru: Perspective from the Santa Rita B Archaeological Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:54","indexId":"ofr20041024","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1024","title":"Mineral, Energy, and Fertilizer Resources of the North Coast of Peru: Perspective from the Santa Rita B Archaeological Site","docAbstract":"The Santa Rita B archaeological site is in the Chao Valley, approximately 65 km southeast of Trujillo, northern Peru. Location of Santa Rita B at the emergence of several drainages from the Andean cordillera is an important factor in the almost continuous occupation of the site over the past 3,000 years. \r\n\r\nMineral resources are abundant throughout the Andes; however, the north coast of Peru was an important center for pre-Columbian mining, metallurgy, and craftsmanship. Success of the Chavin, Moche, Chimu, and other north coast cultures is directly related to the availability and exploitation of mineral and energy resources that include: gold (?silver), as electrum, mainly from placers, and copper from local oxide and carbonate occurrences and from sulfides related to copper porphyry occurrences in the cordillera. An alloy of these three metals is referred to as tumbaga, which is the primary material for Andean metalcraft. \r\n\r\nAnthracite was used for mirrors by north coast cultures and is available near Rio Chicama, Rio Santa, and east of Santa Rita B. These outcrops are a part of the Alto Chicama, Peru's largest coalfield, which extends from Rio Chicama, in the north, for 200 km southward to Rio Santa. Charcoal from the algorrobo tree and llama dung are considered to be the common pre-Columbian energy sources for cooking and metalwork; however, availability and the higher heat content of anthracite indicate that it was used in metallurgical applications. Bitumen is available from petroleum seeps near Talara, north of the study area, and may have been used as glue or as cement. \r\n\r\nHematite, goethite, limonite, and manganese oxides from clay-altered volcanic rock may have provided color and material for ceramics. Guano from the Islas Gua?apes, Chinchas, and Ballestas was used as fertilizer for cotton and other crops.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041024","usgsCitation":"Brooks, W.E., Kent, J., and Willett, J.C., 2004, Mineral, Energy, and Fertilizer Resources of the North Coast of Peru: Perspective from the Santa Rita B Archaeological Site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1024, online only; 15 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041024.","productDescription":"online only; 15 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5265,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1024/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, William E.","contributorId":104061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, Jonathan D.","contributorId":107362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Jonathan D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willett, Jason C. 0000-0002-7598-3174 jwillett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-3174","contributorId":3516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willett","given":"Jason","email":"jwillett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53718,"text":"ofr03381 - 2004 - Surficial Geologic Map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Region, Tennessee and North Carolina","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":53718,"text":"ofr03381 - 2004 - Surficial Geologic Map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Region, Tennessee and North Carolina","indexId":"ofr03381","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Surficial Geologic Map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Region, Tennessee and North Carolina"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70040740,"text":"sim2997 - 2012 - Geologic map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park region, Tennessee and North Carolina","indexId":"sim2997","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park region, Tennessee and North Carolina"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70040740,"text":"sim2997 - 2012 - Geologic map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park region, Tennessee and North Carolina","indexId":"sim2997","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park region, Tennessee and North Carolina"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T12:20:58","indexId":"ofr03381","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-381","title":"Surficial Geologic Map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Region, Tennessee and North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>The Surficial Geology of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Region, Tennessee and North Carolina was mapped from 1993 to 2003 under a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Park Service (NPS). This 1:100,000-scale digital geologic map was compiled from 2002 to 2003 from unpublished field investigations maps at 1:24,000-scale. The preliminary surficial geologic data and map support cooperative investigations with NPS, the U.S. Natural Resource Conservation Service, and the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (http://www.dlia.org/) (Southworth, 2001). Although the focus of our work was within the Park, the geology of the surrounding area is provided for regional context. Surficial deposits document the most recent part of the geologic history of this part of the western Blue Ridge and eastern Tennessee Valley of the Valley and Ridge of the Southern Appalachians. Additionally, there is great variety of surficial materials, which directly affect the different types of soil and associated flora and fauna. The surficial deposits accumulated over tens of millions of years under varied climatic conditions during the Cenozoic era and resulted from a composite of geologic processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03381","usgsCitation":"Southworth, S., Schultz, A., Denenny, D., and Triplett, J., 2004, Surficial Geologic Map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Region, Tennessee and North Carolina (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-381, Report: 44 p.; Map: 54 x 30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03381.","productDescription":"Report: 44 p.; Map: 54 x 30 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110469,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62489.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"62489"},{"id":5060,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-381/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84,\n              35.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -84,\n              35.88\n            ],\n            [\n              -83,\n              35.88\n            ],\n            [\n              -83,\n              35.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -84,\n              35.3\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a36b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southworth, Scott","contributorId":93933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, Art","contributorId":44982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Art","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denenny, Danielle","contributorId":78804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denenny","given":"Danielle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Triplett, James","contributorId":93565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triplett","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":57985,"text":"ofr20041264 - 2004 - Annual Report for 2003 Wild Horse Research and Field Activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T11:04:19","indexId":"ofr20041264","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1264","title":"Annual Report for 2003 Wild Horse Research and Field Activities","docAbstract":"<p>As stated in the Wild Horse Fertility Control Field Trial Plan, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has an immediate need for a safe, effective contraceptive agent to assist in the management of the large number of wild horses on western rangelands. The BLM and the U.S. Geological Survey-Biological Resources Discipline (USGS/BRD) are testing the immunocontraceptive agent Porcine Zonae Pellucida (PZP) in field trials with three free-roaming herds of western wild horses. Extensive research has already been conducted on the safety, efficacy, and duration of PZP applications in both domestic and feral horses on eastern barrier islands and in some select trials I with wild horses in Nevada managed by the BLM. However, significant questions remain concerning the effects of I PZP application at the population level in the wild, as well as effects at the individual level on behavior, social structure, and harem dynamics of free-ranging animals. These questions are best answered with field trials on wild horse herds under a tight research protocol. The ultimate goal is to provide the BLM with the protocols and information necessary to begin using fertility control to regulate population growth rates in wild horse herds on a broader scale. Fertility control is intended to assist the conventional capture, removal, and adoption process as a I means of controlling excess numbers of wild horses and burros, and to greatly reduce the adoption costs and numbers of animals handled. Fertility control is not intended to totally replace the removal and adoption process.</p>\n<p>The USGSIBRD began assisting the BLM with field trials of immunocontraceptive fertility control of wild horses in early 2001. The first PZP treatments were applied during gathers at the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range in September 2001, and the Little Book Cliffs Wild Horse Range, Colorado, in July 2002. At those gathers, 5 horses were treated in the Pryor Mountain WHR, and 23 were treated in the Little Book Cliffs WHR with PZP. These initial treatments were followed by booster injections in 2002. The second injection is required in order to raise, and I maintain, the titer levels of mares high enough to be considered contracepted. By the end of 2002, 13 horses on the Pryor Mountain WHR had received both injections, as had 11 horses in the Little Book Cliffs WHR. In 2003, intensive research efforts were carried out by the USGSIBRD at three field locations; Pryor Mountain WHR, Little I Book Cliffs WHR, and McCullough Peaks Wild Horse Management Area. The work at these sites during this I calendar year included treatment of wild horse mares with PZP in the Pryor herd and Little Book Cliffs herd, development and implementation of behavioral research to investigate potential affects of PZP treatment, continued tracking of demography and foal production in all three herds, and early phases of investigating aerial population estimation survey techniques. Detailed descriptions of these research topics can be found in the Wild Horse and Burro Management Strategic Research Plan and the Wild Horse Fertility Control Field Trial Plan. Field work in 2003 was conducted by USGSIBRD and BLM staff with the assistance of many dedicated individuals. See I Acknowledgments for more details.</p>\n<p>This report is meant to highlight the activities of the 2003 field season, as well as to provide a general overview of the data collected. More in-depth data analysis will be conducted following the conclusion of each I phase of the research project, and in many cases will not be possible until several seasons of data are collected.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041264","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Ransom, J., Singer, F., and Zeigenfuss, L., 2004, Annual Report for 2003 Wild Horse Research and Field Activities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1264, iii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041264.","productDescription":"iii, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041264.PNG"},{"id":320273,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1264/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bbef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ransom, Jason","contributorId":15703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, Francis J.","contributorId":65528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Francis J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zeigenfuss, Linda 0000-0002-6700-8563 linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-8563","contributorId":2079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"Linda","email":"linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":57975,"text":"ofr20041199 - 2004 - An economic analysis of alternative fertility control and associated management techniques for three BLM wild horse herds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T18:44:35","indexId":"ofr20041199","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1199","title":"An economic analysis of alternative fertility control and associated management techniques for three BLM wild horse herds","docAbstract":"<p>Contemporary cost projections were computed for several alternative strategies that could be used by BLM to manage three wild horse populations. The alternatives included existing gather and selective removal methods, combined with potential contraceptive applications of varying duration and other potentially useful management techniques. Costs were projected for a 20-year economic life using the Jenkins wild horse population model and cost estimates from BLM that reflect state-by-state per horse removal, adoption, long-term holding, and contraceptive application expenses. Important findings include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Application of currently available 2-year contraceptives appears capable of reducing variable operating costs for wild horse populations by about 21% on average.</li>\n<li>Application of 3-year contraceptives, when fully tested and available, may be capable of reducing variable operating costs by about 27% on average.</li>\n<li>Combining contraceptives with modest changes to herd sex ratio (e.g., 55-60% males) can trim existing costs by about 31%.</li>\n<li>All savings are predicted to increase when contraception is applied in conjunction with the proposed removal policy that targets horses age zero to four, instead of zero to five.</li>\n<li>Reductions in herd size result in greater predicted variation in annual operating expenses for each herd, especially below about 200 animals, but are always at least &plusmn;20%.</li>\n<li>Because the horse program&rsquo;s variable operating costs only make up about one half of the total program costs (which include fixed and sunk costs), even with aggressive contraceptive management, total program costs could only be reduced by about 17%. This would still save about $7.7 million per year.</li>\n<li>None of the contraceptive options examined eliminated the need for long-term holding facilities over the 20-year period simulated, but the number of horses held may be reduced by about 23% with aggressive contraceptive treatment.</li>\n<li>Cost estimates are most sensitive to adoption age and per day holding costs.</li>\n<li>There are opportunities to improve both the population modeling software and the modeling processes used in assembling Herd Management Area environmental assessments.</li>\n</ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041199","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J.M., 2004, An economic analysis of alternative fertility control and associated management techniques for three BLM wild horse herds (Revised and reprinted 2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1199, iii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041199.","productDescription":"iii, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184339,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041199.PNG"},{"id":320274,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1199/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48","edition":"Revised and reprinted 2004","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684a81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, John M.","contributorId":77598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044,"text":"ofr20041331 - 2004 - Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge: A survey of visitor experiences: Report to respondents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T13:20:45","indexId":"ofr20041331","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1331","title":"Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge: A survey of visitor experiences: Report to respondents","docAbstract":"<p>In the fall of 2000, researchers from the Policy Analysis and Science Assistance Program (PASA) of the Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) met with the staff of the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (CPNWR) to discuss the issues related to social, economic, and human dimensions of natural resource management as it related to the Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP) planning process. As a result of the meeting a research study was designed to better understand how visitors are affected by environmental management decisions and provide information to assist the refuge managers in making decisions regarding public use and recreational management related to the goals of the proposed CCP. More specifically, information was collected to document the type and frequency of visitor use; assess the importance of recreational activities; and to determine visitor attitudes about recreation management decisions within the refuge. To this end, we designed a study to assess the effects of the no-action and alternative management plans for the Refuge visitors&rsquo; perceptions and likely visitation patterns.</p>\n<p>In fall of 2002 a questionnaire was developed in collaboration with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the CCP planning team and mailed to 1090 people who visited the refuge between June 2001 and June 2002. We used standard research methods in designing and administering the questionnaire. Six hundred and eightyfive (685) completed questionnaires (74%) were considered usable. We developed the questionnaire (OMB Control Number 1040-00) to answer the following questions:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>What are the important differences in visitors&rsquo; attitudes and perception regarding recreation and visitor use at CPNWR?</li>\n<li>What are the factors that explain the differences in visitor attitudes and perception regarding recreation and visitor use at CPNWR?</li>\n<li>What are the regional economic impacts of visitor spending?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>In general the respondents indicated support for current management practices of CPNWR. We found that people came to the Refuge to experience a connection with the resource and the environment. More than half of the respondents said that viewing the desert scenery, seeking wilderness solitude and viewing wildlife were the most important reasons for making the visit to the refuge.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041331","usgsCitation":"Ponds, P.D., Burkardt, N., and Koontz, L., 2004, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge: A survey of visitor experiences: Report to respondents: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1331, iii, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041331.","productDescription":"iii, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041331.PNG"},{"id":320270,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1331/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f98ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponds, Phadrea D.","contributorId":65156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"Phadrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, Nina 0000-0002-9392-9251 burkardtn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9251","contributorId":2781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"Nina","email":"burkardtn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":281746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53434,"text":"ofr20041011 - 2004 - Emergency assessment of debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the Cedar and Paradise Fires of 2003, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20041011","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1011","title":"Emergency assessment of debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the Cedar and Paradise Fires of 2003, southern California","docAbstract":"These maps present preliminary assessments of the probability of debris-flow activity and estimates of peak discharges that can potentially be generated by debris flows issuing from basins burned by the Cedar and Paradise Fires of October 2003 in southern California in response to 25-year, 10-year, and 2-year recurrence, 1-hour duration rain storms. The probability maps are based on the application of a logistic multiple regression model that describes the percent chance of debris-flow production from an individual basin as a function of burned extent, soil properties, basin gradients, and storm rainfall. The peak-discharge maps are based on application of a multiple-regression model that can be used to estimate debris-flow peak discharge at a basin outlet as a function of basin gradient, burn extent, and storm rainfall. Probabilities of debris-flow occurrence for the Cedar Fire range between 0 and 98% and estimates of debris-flow peak discharges range between 893 and 5,987 ft3/s (25 to 170 m3/s). Basins burned by the Paradise Fire show probabilities for debris-flow occurrence between 2 and 98%, and peak discharge estimates between 1,814 and 5,980 ft3/s (51 and 169 m3/s). These maps are intended to identify those basins that are most prone to the largest debris-flow events and provide information for the preliminary design of mitigation measures and for the planning of evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041011","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Rupert, M.G., and Michael, J.A., 2004, Emergency assessment of debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the Cedar and Paradise Fires of 2003, southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1011, 90 by 36 inch map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041011.","productDescription":"90 by 36 inch map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5214,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604766","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":53204,"text":"ofr03469 - 2004 - Photomosaics and logs of trenches on the San Andreas Fault at Mill Canyon near Watsonville, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:37:40.670524","indexId":"ofr03469","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-469","title":"Photomosaics and logs of trenches on the San Andreas Fault at Mill Canyon near Watsonville, California","docAbstract":"<p>We present photomosaics and logs of the walls of trenches excavated for a paleoseismic study at Mill Canyon, one of two sites along the San Andreas fault in the Santa Cruz Mtns. on the Kelley-Thompson Ranch. This site was a part of Rancho Salsipuedes beginning in 1834. It was purchased by the present owner’s family in 1851. Remnants of a cabin/mill operations still exist up the canyon dating from 1908 when the area was logged. At this location, faulting has moved a shutter ridge across the mouth of Mill Canyon ponding Holocene sediment. Recent faulting is confined to a narrow zone near the break in slope.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03469","usgsCitation":"Fumal, T.E., Dawson, T.E., Flowers, R., Hamilton, J.C., Heingartner, G.F., Kessler, J., and Samrad, L., 2004, Photomosaics and logs of trenches on the San Andreas Fault at Mill Canyon near Watsonville, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-469, 1 Plate: 67.65 x 35.18 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03469.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 67.65 x 35.18 inches","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03469.jpg"},{"id":283966,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0469/pdf/of03-469.pdf"},{"id":4831,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0469/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Watsonville","otherGeospatial":"Mill Canyon, San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.022445,36.858232 ], [ -122.022445,37.08012 ], [ -121.566315,37.08012 ], [ -121.566315,36.858232 ], [ -122.022445,36.858232 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685dd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fumal, Thomas E.","contributorId":67882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fumal","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":246904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flowers, Rebecca","contributorId":73269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flowers","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, John C. jhamilton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"John","email":"jhamilton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heingartner, Gordon F.","contributorId":11275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heingartner","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kessler, James","contributorId":21629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kessler","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Samrad, Laura","contributorId":83997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samrad","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":56776,"text":"ofr2003445 - 2004 - Wilderness experience in Rocky Mountain National Park 2002: Report to RMNP","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T15:09:21","indexId":"ofr2003445","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-445","title":"Wilderness experience in Rocky Mountain National Park 2002: Report to RMNP","docAbstract":"<p>Approximately 250,000 acres of backcountry in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP or the Park) may be designated as wilderness use areas in the coming years. Currently, over 3 million people visit RMNP each year; many drive through the park on Trail Ridge Road, camp in designated campgrounds, or hike in front-country areas. However, visitors also report much use of backcountry areas that are not easily accessible by roads or trails. Use of the backcountry is growing at RMNP and is accompanied by changing visitor expectations and preferences for wilderness management. For these reasons it is of great importance for the Park to periodically assess what types of environments and conditions wilderness users seek, to help them facilitate a quality wilderness experience.</p>\n<p>To assist in this effort, the Political Analysis and Science Assistance [PASA] program / Fort Collins Science Center / U.S. Geological Survey, in close collaboration with personnel and volunteers from RMNP and in cooperation with the Natural Resource Recreation and Tourism [NRRT] Department at CSU, and launched a research effort in the summer of 2002 to investigate visitor numbers, wilderness experiences, and management preferences in the Park.</p>\n<p>Specifically, the purposes of the research reported here are: (1) To determine what constitutes a wilderness experience; (2) To identify important places, visual features, and sounds essential to a quality wilderness experience and; (3) To determine what aspects may detract from wilderness experience in RMNP. Thus, answers to these questions should provide insight for Park managers about visitors' expectations for wilderness recreation and the conditions they seek for quality wilderness experiences. Ultimately, this information can be used to support wilderness management decisions within RMNP.</p>\n<p>The social science technique of Visitor Employed Photography [VEP] was used to obtain information from visitors about wilderness experiences. Visitors were selected at random from Park-designated wilderness trails, in proportion to their use, and asked to participate in the survey. Respondents were given single-use, 10-exposure cameras and photo-log diaries to record experiences. A total of 293 cameras were distributed, with a response rate of 87%. Following the development of the photos, a copy of the photos, two pertinent pages from the photo-log, and a follow-up survey were mailed to respondents. Fifty six percent of the follow-up surveys were returned. Findings from the two surveys were analyzed and compared.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003445","usgsCitation":"Schuster, E., Johnson, S.S., and Taylor, J.G., 2004, Wilderness experience in Rocky Mountain National Park 2002: Report to RMNP: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-445, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003445.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"104","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175027,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2003445.PNG"},{"id":320289,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0445/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bdb71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, Elke","contributorId":63462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Elke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, S. Shea","contributorId":93122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Shea","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Jonathan G.","contributorId":37378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53436,"text":"ofr20041017 - 2004 - Invertebrate Paleontology of the Wilson Grove Formation (Late Miocene to Late Pliocene), Sonoma and Marin Counties, California, with some Observations on Its Stratigraphy, Thickness, and Structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"ofr20041017","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1017","title":"Invertebrate Paleontology of the Wilson Grove Formation (Late Miocene to Late Pliocene), Sonoma and Marin Counties, California, with some Observations on Its Stratigraphy, Thickness, and Structure","docAbstract":"The Wilson Grove Formation is exposed from Petaluma north to northern Santa Rosa, and from Bennett Valley west to Bodega Bay. A fauna of at least 107 invertebrate taxa consisting of two brachiopods, 95 mollusks (48 bivalves and 46 gastropods), at least eight arthropods, and at least two echinoids have been collected, ranging in age from late Miocene to late Pliocene. Rocks and fossils from the southwest part of the outcrop area, along the Estero de San Antonio, were deposited in a deep-water marine environment. At Meacham Hill, near the Stony Point Rock Quarry, and along the northern margin of the outcrop area at River Road and Wilson Grove, the Wilson Grove Formation was deposited in shallow marine to continental environments. At Meacham Hill, these shallow water deposits represent a brackish bay to continental environment, whereas at River Road and Wilson Grove, fossils suggest normal, euhaline (normal marine salinity) conditions. \r\n\r\nA few taxa from the River Road area suggest water temperatures slightly warmer than along the adjacent coast today because their modern ranges do not extend as far north in latitude as River Road. In addition, fossil collections from along River Road contain the bivalve mollusks Macoma addicotti (Nikas) and Nuttallia jamesii Roth and Naidu, both of which are restricted to the late Pliocene. The late Miocene Roblar tuff of Sarna-Wojcicki (1992) also crops out northeast of the River Road area and underlies the late Pliocene section at Wilson Grove by almost 300 m. Outcrops in the central part of the region are older than those to the northeast, and presumably younger than deposits to the southwest. The Roblar tuff of Sarna-Wojcicki (1992) occurs at Steinbeck Ranch in the central portion of the outcrop area. At Spring Hill, also in the central part of the outcrop area, the sanddollar Scutellaster sp., cf. S. oregonensis (Clark) has been recently collected. This species, questionably identified here, is restricted to the late Miocene from central California through Oregon. Outcrops at Salmon Creek, northeast of Steinbeck Ranch and also in the central part of the outcrop area, contain Aulacofusus? recurva (Gabb) and Turcica brevis Stewart, which are both restricted to the Pliocene, as well as Lirabuccinum portolaensis (Arnold) known from the early Pliocene of central and northern California and into the late Pliocene in southern California. These data suggest an overall pattern of older rocks and deeper water to the south and west, and younger rocks and shallower water to the east and north. Outcrops to the southwest, south of the Bloomfield fault, are not well dated but presumably are older than the late Miocene Roblar tuff of Sarna-Wojcicki (1992). Fossils in this part of the section are rare and are not useful in determining a precise age or environment of deposition for the lower part of the Wilson Grove Formation. However, sedimentary sequences and structures in the rocks here are useful and suggest probable outer shelf and slope water depths. Lituyapecten turneri (Arnold) which occurs in this part of the section has previously been restricted to the Pliocene, but its occurrence below the Roblar tuff of Sarna-Wojcicki (1992) indicates a revised late Miocene age for this taxon.\r\n\r\nThree possibly new gastropods (Mollusca) are reported here: Calyptraea (Trochita) n. sp. and Nucella sp., aff. N. lamellosa (Gmelin), both from the Bloomfield Quarry area, and Acanthinucella? n. sp. from the River Road area. These species are not described here because this venue is deemed insufficient for the description of new taxa.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041017","usgsCitation":"Powell, C.L., Allen, J., and Holland, P.J., 2004, Invertebrate Paleontology of the Wilson Grove Formation (Late Miocene to Late Pliocene), Sonoma and Marin Counties, California, with some Observations on Its Stratigraphy, Thickness, and Structure: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1017, 105 p.; 2 over-sized sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041017.","productDescription":"105 p.; 2 over-sized sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5216,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b7e4b07f02db534581","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Charles L. II 0000-0002-1913-555X cpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1913-555X","contributorId":3243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"cpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, James R.","contributorId":51840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"James R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, Peter J.","contributorId":75220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70429,"text":"ofr20041418 - 2004 - Chronic wasting disease risk analysis workshop: An integrative approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T12:49:35","indexId":"ofr20041418","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1418","title":"Chronic wasting disease risk analysis workshop: An integrative approach","docAbstract":"<p>Risk analysis tools have been successfully used to determine the potential hazard associated with disease introductions and have facilitated management decisions designed to limit the potential for disease introduction. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) poses significant challenges for resource managers due to an incomplete understanding of disease etiology and epidemiology and the complexity of management and political jurisdictions. Tools designed specifically to assess the risk of CWD introduction would be of great value to policy makers in areas where CWD has not been detected.</p>\n<p>To this end, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) created a steering committee representing states, native communities, federal, academic, and non-government entities. This committee formulated a collaborative process for the development of CWD risk assessment tools applicable to both free-ranging and captive populations. The committee recommended a workshop be held on the topic and suggested the format, content, and potential participants.</p>\n<p>Identified objectives of the workshop included:</p>\n<p>1. Identify and discuss the needs of various government and non-government groups involved with assessing, managing, and/or preventing CWD.</p>\n<p>2. Identify current gaps in CWD research specifically in relation to information applicable to the risk analysis process.</p>\n<p>3. Construct a general, consensual, framework model (Figure 1) that incorporates all factors identified as potentially associated with the presence or absence of CWD (Table 1).</p>\n<p>The resulting CWD Risk Analysis Workshop was held May 11&ndash;13, 2004 in Fort Collins, Colorado. The workshop was attended by 28 individuals representing a cross-section of management, research, and nongovernment organizations. Experts with experience in a variety of risk analysis approaches and representatives from public and private user groups presented in the plenary session. The remainder of the workshop consisted of facilitated breakout sessions and all-group discussions.</p>\n<p>The framework model (Figure 1) reflects the workshop discussions and subsequent review and comments from workshop participants and steering committee members.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041418","usgsCitation":"Gillette, S., Dein, J., Salman, M., Richards, B., and Duarte, P., 2004, Chronic wasting disease risk analysis workshop: An integrative approach: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1418, v, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041418.","productDescription":"v, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":186181,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041418.PNG"},{"id":320280,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1418/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db673637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillette, Shana","contributorId":44620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillette","given":"Shana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dein, Joshua","contributorId":8558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dein","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salman, Mo","contributorId":30296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salman","given":"Mo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richards, Bryan","contributorId":56731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Bryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duarte, Paulo","contributorId":9349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duarte","given":"Paulo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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