A large fraction of ground water stored in the alluvial aquifers in the Southwest is recharged by water that percolates through ephemeral stream-channel deposits. The amount of water currently recharging many of these aquifers is insufficient to meet current and future demands. Improving the understanding of streambed infiltration and the subsequent redistribution of water within the unsaturated zone is fundamental to quantifying and forming an accurate description of streambed recharge. In addition, improved estimates of recharge from ephemeral-stream channels will reduce uncertainties in water-budget components used in current ground-water models.
This chapter presents a summary of findings related to a focused recharge investigation along Rillito Creek in Tucson, Arizona. A variety of approaches used to estimate infiltration, percolation, and recharge fluxes are presented that provide a wide range of temporal- and spatial-scale measurements of recharge beneath Rillito Creek. The approaches discussed include analyses of (1) cores and cuttings for hydraulic and textural properties, (2) environmental tracers from the water extracted from the cores and cuttings, (3) seepage measurements made during sustained streamflow, (4) heat as a tracer and numerical simulations of the movement of heat through the streambed sediments, (5) water-content variations, (6) water-level responses to streamflow in piezometers within the stream channel, and (7) gravity changes in response to recharge events. Hydraulic properties of the materials underlying Rillito Creek were used to estimate long-term potential recharge rates. Seepage measurements and analyses of temperature and water content were used to estimate infiltration rates, and environmental tracers were used to estimate percolation rates through the thick unsaturated zone. The presence or lack of tritium in the water was used to determine whether or not water in the unsaturated zone infiltrated within the past 40 years. Analysis of water-level and temporal-gravity data were used to estimate recharge volumes. Data presented in this chapter were collected from 1999 though 2002. Precipitation and streamflow during this period were less than the long-term average; however, two periods of significant streamflow resulted in recharge—one in the summer of 1999 and the other in the fall/winter of 2000.
Flux estimates of infiltration and recharge vary from less than 0.1 to 1.0 cubic meter per second per kilometer of streamflow. Recharge-flux estimates are larger than infiltration estimates. Larger recharge fluxes than infiltration fluxes are explained by the scale of measurements. Methods used to estimate recharge rates incorporate the largest volumetric and temporal scales and are likely to have fluxes from other nearby sources, such as unmeasured tributaries, whereas the methods used to estimate infiltration incorporate the smallest scales, reflecting infiltration rates at individual measurement sites.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States (Professional Paper 1703)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1703H","usgsCitation":"Hoffmann, J.P., Blasch, K.W., Pool, D.R., Bailey, M.A., and Callegary, J.B., 2007, Estimated infiltration, percolation, and recharge rates at the Rillito Creek focused recharge investigation site, Pima County, Arizona (Version 1.0; March 20, 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1703, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1703H.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"220","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":396032,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83591.htm"},{"id":11330,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1703/h/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Pima County","city":"Tucson","otherGeospatial":"Rillito Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.1431884765625,\n 32.12329032304639\n ],\n [\n -110.61447143554688,\n 32.12329032304639\n ],\n [\n -110.61447143554688,\n 32.41938487611333\n ],\n [\n -111.1431884765625,\n 32.41938487611333\n ],\n [\n -111.1431884765625,\n 32.12329032304639\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0; March 20, 2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688c1f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725757,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725758,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferré, Ty P.A.","contributorId":35647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferré","given":"Ty P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725759,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725760,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Hoffmann, John P. jphoffma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"John","email":"jphoffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":295084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blasch, Kyle W. 0000-0002-0590-0724 kblasch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-0724","contributorId":1631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"Kyle","email":"kblasch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pool, Don R.","contributorId":63390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bailey, Matthew A.","contributorId":88441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Callegary, James B. 0000-0003-3604-0517 jcallega@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-0517","contributorId":2171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callegary","given":"James","email":"jcallega@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":81264,"text":"sir20075279 - 2007 - Effects of Hardened Low-Water Crossings on Periphyton and Water Quality in Selected Streams at the Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, 1998-99 and 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20075279","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5279","title":"Effects of Hardened Low-Water Crossings on Periphyton and Water Quality in Selected Streams at the Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, 1998-99 and 2003-04","docAbstract":"In 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), at the request of the U.S. Army Joint Readiness Training Center and Fort Polk, began a follow-up study to determine whether installation and modification of hardened low-water crossings had short-term (less than 1 year) or long-term (greater than 1 year) effects on periphyton or water quality in five streams at the Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana. Periphyton data were statistically analyzed for possible differences between samples collected at upstream and downstream sites and before and after low-water crossings were modified on three streams, Big Brushy Creek, Tributary to East Fork of Sixmile Creek, and Tributary to Birds Creek, during 2003?04. Periphyton data also were analyzed for possible differences between samples collected at upstream and downstream sites on two streams, Tributary to Big Brushy Creek and Little Brushy Creek, during 1998?99 and 2003. Variations in periphyton communities could not be conclusively attributed to the modifications. Most of the significant changes in percent frequency of occurrence and average cell density of the 10 most frequently occurring periphyton taxa were increases at downstream sites after the hardened low-water crossing installations or modifications. However, these changes in the periphyton community are not necessarily deleterious to the community structure.\r\n\r\nWater-quality data collected from upstream and downstream sites on the five streams during 2003?04 were analyzed for possible differences caused by the hardened crossings. Generally, average water-quality values and concentrations were similar at upstream and downstream sites. When average water-quality values or concentrations changed significantly, they almost always changed significantly at both the upstream and downstream sites. It is probable that observed variations in water quality at both upstream and downstream sites are related to differences in rainfall and streamflow during the sample collection periods rather than an effect of the hardened low-water crossing installations or modifications, but additional study is needed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075279","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Joint Readiness Training Center and Fort Polk","usgsCitation":"Bryan, B.W., Bryan, C., Lovelace, J.K., and Tollett, R.W., 2007, Effects of Hardened Low-Water Crossings on Periphyton and Water Quality in Selected Streams at the Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, 1998-99 and 2003-04 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5279, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075279.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11305,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5279/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.58333333333333,30.833333333333332 ], [ -93.58333333333333,31.416666666666668 ], [ -92.75,31.416666666666668 ], [ -92.75,30.833333333333332 ], [ -93.58333333333333,30.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688d02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, Barbara W.","contributorId":102938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryan, C. Frederick","contributorId":106997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"C. Frederick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovelace, John K. 0000-0002-8532-2599 jlovelac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-2599","contributorId":999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovelace","given":"John","email":"jlovelac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tollett, Roland W. 0000-0002-4726-5845 rtollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4726-5845","contributorId":1896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollett","given":"Roland","email":"rtollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":81268,"text":"ofr20081126 - 2007 - Native Fish Sanctuary Project - Sanctuary Development Phase, 2007 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-18T10:23:05","indexId":"ofr20081126","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1126","title":"Native Fish Sanctuary Project - Sanctuary Development Phase, 2007 Annual Report","docAbstract":"Notable progress was made in 2007 toward the development of native fish facilities in the Lower Colorado River Basin. More than a dozen facilities are, or soon will be, online to benefit native fish. When this study began in 2005 no self-supporting communities of either bonytail or razorback sucker existed. Razorback suckers were removed from Rock Tank in 1997 and the communities at High Levee Pond had been compromised by largemouth bass in 2004. This project reversed that trend with the establishment of the Davis Cove native fish community in 2005. Bonytail and razorback sucker successfully produced young in Davis Cove in 2006. Bonytail successfully produced young in Parker Dam Pond in 2007, representing the first successful sanctuary established solely for bonytail. This past year, Three Fingers Lake received 135 large razorback suckers, and Federal and State agencies have agreed to develop a cooperative management approach dedicating a portion of that lake toward grow-out and (or) the establishment of another sanctuary. Two ponds at River's Edge Golf Course in Needles, California, were renovated in June and soon will be stocked with bonytail. Similar activities are taking place at Mohave Community College, Cerbat Cliffs Golf Course, Cibola High Levee Pond, Office Cove, Emerald Canyon Golf Course, and Bulkhead Cove. Recruitment can be expected as fish become sexually mature at these facilities. Flood-plain facilities have the potential to support 6,000 adult razorback suckers and nearly 20,000 bonytail if native fish management is aggressively pursued. This sanctuary project has assisted agencies in developing 15 native fish communities by identifying specific resource objectives for those sites, listing and prioritizing research opportunities and needs, and strategizing on management approaches through the use of resource-management plans. Such documents have been developed for Davis Cove, Cibola High Levee Pond, Parker Dam Pond, and Three Fingers Lake. We anticipate similar documents will be developed in the near future for River's Edge Golf Course Ponds, Office Cove, Emerald Canyon Golf Course Ponds, Bulkhead Cove, Mohave Community College, and Cerbat Cliffs Golf Course ponds as these facilities come on line or are developed in the future. The following report discusses the process that went into the development of these facilities. Sites were visited, assessed as to their suitability based on the control of nonnative predators, habitat suitability, conversion cost, logistics, geographical location, and willingness of landowners. They were then prioritized according to their suitability, cost, timely conversion, and willingness of landowners. Existing native fish facilities were included in this evaluation for their value in helping to determine physical and biological parameter ranges. This report describes the approaches that led to success, those leading to failure, and some of the biological, institutional, and management issues of implementing native fish sanctuary development.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081126","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, Interagency Acquisition No. 05AA300014, Lower Colorado Regional Office, Boulder City, Nevada","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G.A., 2007, Native Fish Sanctuary Project - Sanctuary Development Phase, 2007 Annual Report (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1126, viii, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081126.","productDescription":"viii, 59 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11309,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":320127,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1126/pdf/OF08-1126.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606343","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Gordon A.","contributorId":86420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81245,"text":"ofr20071285 - 2007 - Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180392,"text":"70180392 - 2007 - USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States: A section in Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings","indexId":"70180392","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States: A section in Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81245,"text":"ofr20071285 - 2007 - Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings","indexId":"ofr20071285","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-01T08:47:47","indexId":"ofr20071285","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1285","title":"Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings","docAbstract":"The Digital Mapping Techniques '06 (DMT'06) workshop was attended by more than 110 technical experts from 51 agencies, universities, and private companies, including representatives from 27 state geological surveys (see Appendix A of these Proceedings). This workshop was similar in nature to the previous nine meetings, which were held in Lawrence, Kansas (Soller, 1997), Champaign, Illinois (Soller, 1998), Madison, Wisconsin (Soller, 1999), Lexington, Kentucky (Soller, 2000), Tuscaloosa, Alabama (Soller, 2001), Salt Lake City, Utah (Soller, 2002), Millersville, Pennsylvania (Soller, 2003), Portland, Oregon (Soller, 2004), and Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Soller, 2005). This year's meeting was hosted by the Ohio Geological Survey, from June 11-14, 2006, on the Ohio State University campus in Columbus, Ohio. As in the previous meetings, the objective was to foster informal discussion and exchange of technical information. It is with great pleasure that I note that the objective was successfully met, as attendees continued to share and exchange knowledge and information, and renew friendships and collegial work begun at past DMT workshops.
Each DMT workshop has been coordinated by the Association of American State Geologists (AASG) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Data Capture Working Group, the latter of which was formed in August 1996 to support the AASG and the USGS in their effort to build a National Geologic Map Database (see Soller, this volume, and http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/info/standards/datacapt/). The Working Group was formed because increased production efficiencies, standardization, and quality of digital map products were needed for the database - and for the State and Federal geological surveys - to provide more high-quality digital maps to the public.
At the 2006 meeting, oral and poster presentations and special discussion sessions emphasized: 1) methods for creating and publishing map products (here, \"publishing\" includes Web-based release); 2) field data capture software and techniques, including the use of LIDAR; 3) digital cartographic techniques; 4) migration of digital maps into ArcGIS Geodatabase format; 5) analytical GIS techniques; and 6) continued development of the National Geologic Map Database.
","conferenceTitle":"Digital mapping techniques '06","conferenceDate":"June 11-14, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Columbus, OH","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071285","usgsCitation":"2007, Digital mapping techniques '06 - Workshop proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1285, vi, 217 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071285.","productDescription":"vi, 217 p.","numberOfPages":"223","temporalStart":"2006-06-11","temporalEnd":"2006-06-14","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362514,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1285/pdf/ofr2007-1285hr.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":11288,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1285/contents.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"publicComments":"Convened by the Association of American State Geologists and the United States Geological Survey; Hosted by the Ohio Geological Survey","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d58d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661510,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81257,"text":"ds277 - 2007 - Surficial Geologic Map and Geochronologic Database, Fish Lake Valley, Esmeralda County, Nevada, and Mono County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T13:22:22","indexId":"ds277","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"277","title":"Surficial Geologic Map and Geochronologic Database, Fish Lake Valley, Esmeralda County, Nevada, and Mono County, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds277","isbn":"9781411318724","collaboration":"The USGS does not provide technical support for the software associated with this publication.","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., and Block, D., 2007, Surficial Geologic Map and Geochronologic Database, Fish Lake Valley, Esmeralda County, Nevada, and Mono County, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 277, Available on DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds277.","productDescription":"Available on DVD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282954,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/277/report.pdf"},{"id":282955,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/277/application.zip"},{"id":282956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.25,37.3 ], [ -118.25,38 ], [ -117.65,38 ], [ -117.65,37.3 ], [ -118.25,37.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a253","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":101244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Block, Debra L.","contributorId":66351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Block","given":"Debra L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81248,"text":"tm11C2 - 2007 - Geographic Information System Software to Remodel Population Data Using Dasymetric Mapping Methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:31","indexId":"tm11C2","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"11-C2","title":"Geographic Information System Software to Remodel Population Data Using Dasymetric Mapping Methods","docAbstract":"The U.S. Census Bureau provides decadal demographic data collected at the household level and aggregated to larger enumeration units for anonymity purposes. Although this system is appropriate for the dissemination of large amounts of national demographic data, often the boundaries of the enumeration units do not reflect the distribution of the underlying statistical phenomena. Conventional mapping methods such as choropleth mapping, are primarily employed due to their ease of use. However, the analytical drawbacks of choropleth methods are well known ranging from (1) the artificial transition of population at the boundaries of mapping units to (2) the assumption that the phenomena is evenly distributed across the enumeration unit (when in actuality there can be significant variation). Many methods to map population distribution have been practiced in geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing fields. Many cartographers prefer dasymetric mapping to map population because of its ability to more accurately distribute data over geographic space. Similar to ?choropleth maps?, a dasymetric map utilizes standardized data (for example, census data). However, rather than using arbitrary enumeration zones to symbolize population distribution, a dasymetric approach introduces ancillary information to redistribute the standardized data into zones relative to land use and land cover (LULC), taking into consideration actual changing densities within the boundaries of the enumeration unit. Thus, new zones are created that correlate to the function of the map, capturing spatial variations in population density. The transfer of data from census enumeration units to ancillary-driven homogenous zones is performed by a process called areal interpolation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/tm11C2","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, R., and Gould, M., 2007, Geographic Information System Software to Remodel Population Data Using Dasymetric Mapping Methods (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 11-C2, iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11C2.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":293,"text":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11291,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm11c2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a996f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Rachel 0000-0003-3477-0436 rsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-0436","contributorId":666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Rachel","email":"rsleeter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gould, Michael mgould@usgs.gov","contributorId":4498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"Michael","email":"mgould@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81246,"text":"pp1739D - 2007 - Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Fortress Mountain and Torok Formations exposed along the Siksikpuk River, North-Central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-31T13:10:57","indexId":"pp1739D","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1739","chapter":"D","title":"Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Fortress Mountain and Torok Formations exposed along the Siksikpuk River, North-Central Alaska","docAbstract":"An exposure of the Lower Cretaceous Fortress Mountain and Torok Formations along the Siksikpuk River in north-central Alaska provides a rare opportunity to observe the stratigraphic contact between these two formations and to interpret the depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy of the exposed strata. The Fortress Mountain Formation at the base of the measured section includes braided-fluvial and coastal-plain facies deposited in a lowstand-systems tract, and an overlying succession of mostly shallow marine facies deposited in the basal part of a transgressive-systems tract. The overlying Torok Formation includes a thick, upward-deepening succession of marine-shelf to marine-slope facies deposited in the upper part of the transgressive-systems tract. The upper part of the section includes marine-slope and incised-slope-channel turbidite deposits of the Torok Formation, interpreted as a highstand-systems tract. \r\n\r\nConsideration of the balance between accommodation and sediment flux inferred from the sequence-stratigraphic analysis suggests that both tectonics and eustasy may have influenced deposition of the lowstand-systems and transgressive-systems tracts. In contrast, the highstand-systems tract may have been primarily influenced by progradation of a regional sediment-dispersal system and by subsidence induced by sediment loading.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2006","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1739D","usgsCitation":"Houseknecht, D.W., Schenk, C.J., and Wartes, M.A., 2007, Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Fortress Mountain and Torok Formations exposed along the Siksikpuk River, North-Central Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1739, Report: 20 p.; Plate: 40 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1739D.","productDescription":"Report: 20 p.; Plate: 40 x 36 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11289,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1739/d/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Siksikpuk River","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fcfcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wartes, Marwan A.","contributorId":47476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wartes","given":"Marwan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81230,"text":"sir20075243 - 2007 - An initial-abstraction, constant-loss model for unit hydrograph modeling for applicable watersheds in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T13:36:39","indexId":"sir20075243","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5243","title":"An initial-abstraction, constant-loss model for unit hydrograph modeling for applicable watersheds in Texas","docAbstract":"Estimation of representative hydrographs from design storms, which are known as design hydrographs, provides for cost-effective, riskmitigated design of drainage structures such as bridges, culverts, roadways, and other infrastructure. During 2001?07, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation, investigated runoff hydrographs, design storms, unit hydrographs,and watershed-loss models to enhance design hydrograph estimation in Texas. Design hydrographs ideally should mimic the general volume, peak, and shape of observed runoff hydrographs. Design hydrographs commonly are estimated in part by unit hydrographs. A unit hydrograph is defined as the runoff hydrograph that results from a unit pulse of excess rainfall uniformly distributed over the watershed at a constant rate for a specific duration. A time-distributed, watershed-loss model is required for modeling by unit hydrographs. This report develops a specific time-distributed, watershed-loss model known as an initial-abstraction, constant-loss model. For this watershed-loss model, a watershed is conceptualized to have the capacity to store or abstract an absolute depth of rainfall at and near the beginning of a storm. Depths of total rainfall less than this initial abstraction do not produce runoff. The watershed also is conceptualized to have the capacity to remove rainfall at a constant rate (loss) after the initial abstraction is satisfied. Additional rainfall inputs after the initial abstraction is satisfied contribute to runoff if the rainfall rate (intensity) is larger than the constant loss. The initial abstraction, constant-loss model thus is a two-parameter model. The initial-abstraction, constant-loss model is investigated through detailed computational and statistical analysis of observed rainfall and runoff data for 92 USGS streamflow-gaging stations (watersheds) in Texas with contributing drainage areas from 0.26 to 166 square miles. The analysis is limited to a previously described, watershed-specific, gamma distribution model of the unit hydrograph. In particular, the initial-abstraction, constant-loss model is tuned to the gamma distribution model of the unit hydrograph. A complex computational analysis of observed rainfall and runoff for the 92 watersheds was done to determine, by storm, optimal values of initial abstraction and constant loss. Optimal parameter values for a given storm were defined as those values that produced a modeled runoff hydrograph with volume equal to the observed runoff hydrograph and also minimized the residual sum of squares of the two hydrographs. Subsequently, the means of the optimal parameters were computed on a watershed-specific basis. These means for each watershed are considered the most representative, are tabulated, and are used in further statistical analyses. Statistical analyses of watershed-specific, initial abstraction and constant loss include documentation of the distribution of each parameter using the generalized lambda distribution. The analyses show that watershed development has substantial influence on initial abstraction and limited influence on constant loss. The means and medians of the 92 watershed-specific parameters are tabulated with respect to watershed development; although they have considerable uncertainty, these parameters can be used for parameter prediction for ungaged watersheds. The statistical analyses of watershed-specific, initial abstraction and constant loss also include development of predictive procedures for estimation of each parameter for ungaged watersheds. Both regression equations and regression trees for estimation of initial abstraction and constant loss are provided. The watershed characteristics included in the regression analyses are (1) main-channel length, (2) a binary factor representing watershed development, (3) a binary factor representing watersheds with an abundance of rocky and thin-soiled terrain, and (4) curve numb
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075243","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., and Roussel, M.C., 2007, An initial-abstraction, constant-loss model for unit hydrograph modeling for applicable watersheds in Texas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5243, Report: vi, 82 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075243.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 82 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5243.jpg"},{"id":327685,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5243/downloads/pdf/sir2007-5243.pdf","size":"20.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":11272,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5243/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327686,"rank":102,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5243/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102,27 ], [ -102,34.25 ], [ -94,34.25 ], [ -94,27 ], [ -102,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roussel, Meghan C. mroussel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roussel","given":"Meghan","email":"mroussel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81224,"text":"ofr20071375 - 2007 - EAARL topography: Cape Cod National Seashore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T20:37:10.754531","indexId":"ofr20071375","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1375","title":"EAARL topography: Cape Cod National Seashore","docAbstract":"This Web site contains 90 Lidar-derived bare earth topography maps and GIS files for the Cape Cod National Seashore.
\nThese Lidar-derived topography maps were produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC) St. Petersburg, Florida, the National Park Service (NPS), Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network, Inventory and Monitoring Program, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Wallops Flight Facility. One objective of this research is to create techniques to survey coral reefs and barrier islands for the purposes of geomorphic change studies, habitat mapping, ecological monitoring, change detection, and event assessment. As part of this project, data from an innovative instrument under development at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, the NASA Experimental Airborne Advanced Research Lidar (EAARL) are being used. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in this realm for measuring subaerial and submarine topography wthin cross-environment surveys. High spectral resolution, water-column correction, and low costs were found to be key factors in providing accurate and affordable imagery to coastal resource managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071375","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., Wright, C.W., Patterson, M., Nayegandhi, A., and Travers, L.J., 2007, EAARL topography: Cape Cod National Seashore: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1375, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071375.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410571,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83552.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":11266,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1375/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":292736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1375/start.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071375.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.2506,41.6371 ], [ -70.2506,42.0858 ], [ -69.9235,42.0858 ], [ -69.9235,41.6371 ], [ -70.2506,41.6371 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62fc01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, Matt","contributorId":93982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Travers, Laurinda J. ltravers@usgs.gov","contributorId":3002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travers","given":"Laurinda","email":"ltravers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":81225,"text":"ofr20071422 - 2007 - EAARL topography: Gulf Islands National Seashore: Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-05T20:20:18.40996","indexId":"ofr20071422","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1422","title":"EAARL topography: Gulf Islands National Seashore: Florida","docAbstract":"This Web site contains 33 lidar-derived bare earth topography maps and GIS files for the Gulf Islands National Seashore-Florida.
These lidar-derived topography maps were produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program, FISC St. Petersburg, Florida, the National Park Service (NPS), Gulf Coast Network, Network Inventory and Monitoring Program, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Wallops Flight Facility. One objective of this research is to create techniques to survey coral reefs and barrier islands for the purposes of geomorphic change studies, habitat mapping, ecological monitoring, change detection, and event assessment. As part of this project, data from an innovative instrument under development at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, the NASA Experimental Airborne Advanced Research Lidar (EAARL) are being used. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in this realm for measuring subaerial and submarine topography wthin cross-environment surveys. High spectral resolution, water-column correction, and low costs were found to be key factors in providing accurate and affordable imagery to costal resource managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071422","usgsCitation":"Brock, J., Wright, C.W., Nayegandhi, A., Patterson, M., Wilson, I., and Travers, L.J., 2007, EAARL topography: Gulf Islands National Seashore: Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1422, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071422.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11267,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1422/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071422.gif"},{"id":292704,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1422/start.html","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410057,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83553.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Islands National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.4069,\n 30.3056\n ],\n [\n -87.4069,\n 30.3808\n ],\n [\n -86.9236,\n 30.3808\n ],\n [\n -86.9236,\n 30.3056\n ],\n [\n -87.4069,\n 30.3056\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c38f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patterson, Matt","contributorId":93982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, Iris","contributorId":37420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Iris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Travers, Laurinda J. ltravers@usgs.gov","contributorId":3002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travers","given":"Laurinda","email":"ltravers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":81137,"text":"sir20075197 - 2007 - Consumptive Water-Use Coefficients for the Great Lakes Basin and Climatically Similar Areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"sir20075197","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5197","title":"Consumptive Water-Use Coefficients for the Great Lakes Basin and Climatically Similar Areas","docAbstract":"Consumptive water use is the portion of water withdrawn (for a particular use) that is evaporated, transpired, incorporated into products or crops, consumed by humans or livestock, or otherwise removed from the immediate water environment. This report, which is organized by water?use categories, includes consumptive?use coefficients for the Great Lakes Basin (including Canada) and for areas climatically similar to the Great Lakes Basin. This report also contains an annotated bibliography of consumptive water?use coefficients. Selected references are listed for consumptive?use data from elsewhere in the world.\r\n\r\nFor the industrial water?use category, the median consumptive?use coefficients were 10 percent for the Great Lakes Basin, climatically similar areas, and the world; the 25th and 75th percentiles for these geographic areas were comparable within 6 percent. The combined domestic and public?supply consumptive?use statistics (median, 25th and 75th percentiles) were between 10 to 20 percent for the various geographic areas. Although summary statistics were similar for coefficients in the livestock and irrigation water?use categories for the Great Lakes Basin and climatically similar areas, statistic values for the world on a whole were substantially lower (15 to 28 percent lower). Commercial and thermoelectric power consumptive?use coefficient statistics (median, 25th, and 75th percentile) also were comparable for the Great Lakes Basin and climatically similar areas, within 2 percent. References for other countries were not found for commercial and thermoelectric power water?use categories. The summary statistics for the mining consumptive?use coefficients varied, likely because of differences in types of mining, processes, or equipment.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075197","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, K., and Runkle, D.L., 2007, Consumptive Water-Use Coefficients for the Great Lakes Basin and Climatically Similar Areas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5197, viii, 191 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075197.","productDescription":"viii, 191 p.","costCenters":[{"id":448,"text":"National Water Availability and Use Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11160,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696afa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, Kimberly H.","contributorId":98275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Kimberly H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkle, Donna L. dlrunkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkle","given":"Donna","email":"dlrunkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":81282,"text":"pp1703A - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States: Climatic and geologic framework","indexId":"pp1703A","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States: Climatic and geologic framework"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":81283,"text":"pp1703B - 2007 - Regional analysis of ground-water recharge","indexId":"pp1703B","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Regional analysis of ground-water recharge"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":81284,"text":"pp1703C - 2007 - Overview of ground-water recharge study sites","indexId":"pp1703C","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Overview of ground-water recharge study sites"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":81285,"text":"pp1703D - 2007 - Streamflow, infiltration, and ground-water recharge at Abo Arroyo, New Mexico","indexId":"pp1703D","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Streamflow, infiltration, and ground-water recharge at Abo Arroyo, New Mexico"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":81286,"text":"pp1703E - 2007 - Focused ground-water recharge in the Amargosa Desert Basin","indexId":"pp1703E","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Focused ground-water recharge in the Amargosa Desert Basin"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":81287,"text":"pp1703F - 2007 - Streamflow, infiltration, and recharge in Arroyo Hondo, New Mexico","indexId":"pp1703F","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Streamflow, infiltration, and recharge in Arroyo Hondo, New Mexico"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":6},{"subject":{"id":81288,"text":"pp1703G - 2007 - Ground-water recharge from small intermittent streams in the western Mojave Desert, California","indexId":"pp1703G","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Ground-water recharge from small intermittent streams in the western Mojave Desert, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":7},{"subject":{"id":81289,"text":"pp1703H - 2007 - Estimated infiltration, percolation, and recharge rates at the Rillito Creek focused recharge investigation site, Pima County, Arizona","indexId":"pp1703H","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Estimated infiltration, percolation, and recharge rates at the Rillito Creek focused recharge investigation site, Pima County, Arizona"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":8},{"subject":{"id":81290,"text":"pp1703I - 2007 - Infiltration and recharge at Sand Hollow, an upland bedrock basin in southwestern Utah","indexId":"pp1703I","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Infiltration and recharge at Sand Hollow, an upland bedrock basin in southwestern Utah"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":9},{"subject":{"id":81291,"text":"pp1703J - 2007 - Ephemeral-stream channel and basin-floor infiltration and recharge in the Sierra Vista subwatershed of the upper San Pedro Basin, southeastern Arizona","indexId":"pp1703J","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"J","title":"Ephemeral-stream channel and basin-floor infiltration and recharge in the Sierra Vista subwatershed of the upper San Pedro Basin, southeastern Arizona"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":10},{"subject":{"id":81292,"text":"pp1703K - 2007 - Streambed infiltration and ground-water flow from the Trout Creek drainage, an intermittent tributary to the Humboldt River, north-central Nevada","indexId":"pp1703K","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"Streambed infiltration and ground-water flow from the Trout Creek drainage, an intermittent tributary to the Humboldt River, north-central Nevada"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":81138,"text":"pp1703 - 2007 - Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","indexId":"pp1703","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States"},"id":11}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T14:51:34","indexId":"pp1703","displayToPublicDate":"2008-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1703","title":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States results from the complex interplay of climate, geology, and vegetation across widely ranging spatial and temporal scales. Present-day recharge tends to be narrowly focused in time and space. Widespread water-table declines accompanied agricultural development during the twentieth century, demonstrating that sustainable ground-water supplies are not guaranteed when part of the extracted resource represents paleorecharge. Climatic controls on ground-water recharge range from seasonal cycles of summer monsoonal and winter frontal storms to multimillennial cycles of glacial and interglacial periods. Precipitation patterns reflect global-scale interactions among the oceans, atmosphere, and continents. Large-scale climatic influences associated with El Niño and Pacific Decadal Oscillations strongly, but irregularly, control weather in the study area, so that year-to-year variations in precipitation and ground-water recharge are large and difficult to predict. Proxy data indicate geologically recent periods of naturally occurring multidecadal droughts unlike any in the modern instrumental record. Any anthropogenically induced climate change will likely reduce ground-water recharge through diminished snowpack at higher elevations. Future changes in El Niño and monsoonal patterns, both crucial to precipitation in the study area, are highly uncertain in current models. Current land-use modifications influence ground-water recharge through vegetation, irrigation, and impermeable area. High mountain ranges bounding the study area—the San Bernadino Mountains and Sierra Nevada to the west, and the Wasatch and southern Colorado Rocky Mountains to the east—provide external geologic controls on ground-water recharge. Internal geologic controls stem from tectonic processes that led to numerous, variably connected alluvial-filled basins, exposure of extensive Paleozoic aquifers in mountainous recharge areas, and distinct modes of recharge in the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range subregions.
The chapters in this professional paper present (first) an overview of climatic and hydrogeologic framework (chapter A), followed by a regional analysis of ground-water recharge across the entire study area (chapter B). These are followed by an overview of site-specific case studies representing different subareas of the geographically diverse arid and semiarid southwestern United States (chapter C); the case studies themselves follow in chapters D–K. The regional analysis includes detailed hydrologic modeling within the framework of a high-resolution geographic-information system (GIS). Results from the regional analysis are used to explore both the distribution of ground-water recharge for mean climatic conditions as well as the influence of two climatic patterns—the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation—that impart a high degree of variability to the hydrologic cycle. Individual case studies employ a variety of geophysical and geochemical techniques to investigate recharge processes and relate the processes to local geologic and climatic conditions. All of the case studies made use of naturally occurring tracers to quantify recharge. Thermal and geophysical techniques that were developed in the course of the studies are presented in appendices.
The quantification of ground-water recharge in arid settings is inherently difficult due to the generally low amount of recharge, its spatially and temporally spotty nature, and the absence of techniques for directly measuring fluxes entering the saturated zone from the unsaturated zone. Deep water tables in arid alluvial basins correspond to thick unsaturated zones that produce up to millennial time lags between changes in hydrologic conditions at the land surface and subsequent changes in recharge to underlying ground water. Recent advances in physical, chemical, isotopic, and modeling techniques have fostered new types of recharge assessments. Chemical and isotopic techniques include an increasing variety of environmental tracers that are useful and robust. Physically based techniques include the use of heat as a tracer and computationally intensive geophysical imaging tools for characterizing hydrologic conditions in the unsaturated zone. Modeling-based techniques include spatially distributed water-budget computations using high-resolution remotely sensed and ground-based geographic data. Application of these techniques to arid and semiarid settings in the southwestern United States reveals distinct patterns of recharge corresponding to geologic setting, climatic and vegetative history, and land use. Analysis of recharge patterns shows that large expanses of alluvial basin floors are drying out under current climatic conditions, with little to no recharge to underlying ground water. Ground-water recharge occurs mainly beneath upland catchments in which thin soils overlie permeable bedrock, ephemeral channels in which flow may average only several hours per year, and active agricultural areas. The chapters in this professional paper represent a coordinated attempt to develop a better understanding of one of the Nation's most critical yet difficult-to-quantify renewable resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1703","usgsCitation":"2007, Ground-water recharge in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1703, 11 Chapters: A-K; 2 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1703.","productDescription":"11 Chapters: A-K; 2 Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11161,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1703/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124,25 ], [ -124,49 ], [ -93,49 ], [ -93,25 ], [ -124,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d4b5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725729,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725730,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferré, Ty P.A.","contributorId":35647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferré","given":"Ty P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725731,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725732,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":81123,"text":"i2600H - 2007 - Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Northern Ross Ice Shelf Area, Antarctica: 1962-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"i2600H","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2600","chapter":"H","title":"Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Northern Ross Ice Shelf Area, Antarctica: 1962-2004","docAbstract":"Changes in the area and volume of polar ice sheets are intricately linked to changes in global climate, and the resulting changes in sea level could severely impact the densely populated coastal regions on Earth. Melting of the West Antarctic part alone of the Antarctic ice sheet would cause a sea-level rise of approximately 6 meters (m). The potential sea-level rise after melting of the entire Antarctic ice sheet is estimated to be 65 m (Lythe and others, 2001) to 73 m (Williams and Hall, 1993). The mass balance (the net volumetric gain or loss) of the Antarctic ice sheet is highly complex, responding differently to different conditions in each region (Vaughan, 2005). In a review paper, Rignot and Thomas (2002) concluded that the West Antarctic ice sheet is probably becoming thinner overall; although it is thickening in the west, it is thinning in the north. Thomas and others (2004), on the basis of aircraft and satellite laser altimetry surveys, believe the thinning may be accelerating. Joughin and Tulaczyk (2002), on the basis of analysis of ice-flow velocities derived from synthetic aperture radar, concluded that most of the Ross ice streams (ice streams on the east side of the Ross Ice Shelf) have a positive mass balance, whereas Rignot and others (2004) infer even larger negative mass balance for glaciers flowing northward into the Amundsen Sea, a trend suggested by Swithinbank and others (2003a,b; 2004). The mass balance of the East Antarctic ice sheet is thought by Davis and others (2005) to be strongly positive on the basis of the change in satellite altimetry measurements made between 1992 and 2003.\r\n\r\nMeasurement of changes in area and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet was given a very high priority in recommendations by the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council (1986), in subsequent recommendations by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (1989, 1993), and by the National Science Foundation?s (1990) Division of Polar Programs. On the basis of these recommendations, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) decided that the archive of early 1970s Landsat 1, 2, and 3 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images of Antarctica and the subsequent repeat coverage made possible with Landsat and other satellite images provided an excellent means of documenting changes in the coastline of Antarctica (Ferrigno and Gould, 1987). The availability of this information provided the impetus for carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the glaciological features of the coastal regions and changes in ice fronts of Antarctica (Swithinbank, 1988; Williams and Ferrigno, 1988). The project was later modified to include Landsat 4 and 5 MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) images (and in some areas Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus [ETM+] images), RADARSAT images, and other data where available, in order to compare changes that occurred during a 20- to 25- or 30-year time interval (or longer where data were available, as in the Antarctic Peninsula). The results of the analysis are being used to produce a digital database and a series of USGS Geologic Investigations Series Maps (I?2600) (Williams and others, 1995; Williams and Ferrigno, 1998; Ferrigno and others, 2002) (available online at http://www.glaciers.er.usgs.gov).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/i2600H","isbn":"9781411309616","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom","usgsCitation":"Ferrigno, J.G., Foley, K.M., Swithinbank, C., and Williams, R., 2007, Coastal-Change and Glaciological Map of the Northern Ross Ice Shelf Area, Antarctica: 1962-2004: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2600, Pamphlet: iv, 11 p.; Plate: 43 x 27 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2600H.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 11 p.; Plate: 43 x 27 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11145,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2600-h/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Polar Stereographic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 169,-81 ], [ 169,-76 ], [ -158,-76 ], [ -158,-81 ], [ 169,-81 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":26368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":81132,"text":"ds332 - 2007 - Streamflow Measurements in North-Central Nebraska, November 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T10:44:42","indexId":"ds332","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"332","title":"Streamflow Measurements in North-Central Nebraska, November 2006","docAbstract":"Streamflow measurements were made during November of 2006 in the Elkhorn and Loup River basins and selected streams in the Niobrara and Platte River basins in north-central Nebraska. At these 531 sites, flows ranging from no flow to 2,600 ft3/s were measured or observed. The data are presented in a table along with the quality of measurement and the method that was used. Maps show the location of the study area and the sites.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds332","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Elkhorn-Loup Model Group","usgsCitation":"Peterson, S.M., and Strauch, K.R., 2007, Streamflow Measurements in North-Central Nebraska, November 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 332, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds332.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","temporalStart":"2006-11-01","temporalEnd":"2006-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273175,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds332.xml"},{"id":195442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11154,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/332/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,40 ], [ -104,43 ], [ -95,43 ], [ -95,40 ], [ -104,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Steven M. 0000-0002-9130-1284 speterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1284","contributorId":847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Steven","email":"speterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strauch, Kellan R. 0000-0002-7218-2099 kstrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7218-2099","contributorId":1006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauch","given":"Kellan","email":"kstrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81097,"text":"sim2889 - 2007 - Geologic Map of the Frederick 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"sim2889","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2889","title":"Geologic Map of the Frederick 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia","docAbstract":"The Frederick 30? ? 60? quadrangle lies within the Potomac River watershed of the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin. The map area covers parts of Montgomery, Howard, Carroll, Frederick, and Washington Counties in Maryland; Loudoun, Clarke, and Fairfax Counties in Virginia; and Jefferson and Berkeley Counties in West Virginia. Many geologic features (such as faults and folds) are named for geographic features that may or may not be shown on the 1:100,000-scale base map. \r\n\r\nThe geology of the Frederick 30? ? 60? quadrangle, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia, was first mapped on the 32 1:24,000-scale 7.5-minute quadrangle base maps between 1989 and 1994. The geologic data were compiled manually at 1:100,000 scale in 1997 and were digitized between 1998 and 1999. The geologic map and database may be used to support activities such as land-use planning, soil mapping, groundwater availability and quality studies, identifying aggregate resources, and conducting engineering and environmental studies. \r\n\r\nThe map area covers distinct geologic provinces and sections of the central Appalachian region that are defined by unique bedrock and resulting landforms. From west to east, the provinces include the Great Valley section of the Valley and Ridge province, the Blue Ridge province, and the Piedmont province; in the extreme southeastern corner, a small part of the Coastal Plain province is present. The Piedmont province is divided into several sections; from west to east, hey are the Frederick Valley synclinorium, the Culpeper and Gettysburg basins, the Sugarloaf Mountain anticlinorium, the Westminster terrane, and the Potomac terrane. The geology of the Frederick quadrangle is discussed by geologic province and sections; the geologic units within each province are discussed from oldest to youngest. Where applicable, the discussion includes information on tectonic origins. \r\n\r\nFor more information concerning the report, please contact the author.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2889","isbn":"9781411311657","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maryland Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Southworth, S., Brezinski, D.K., Drake, A., Burton, W.C., Orndorff, R.C., Froelich, A., Reddy, J.E., Denenny, D., and Daniels, D.L., 2007, Geologic Map of the Frederick 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2889, Pamphlet: vi, 42 p.; Map Sheet: 57 x 38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2889.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 42 p.; Map Sheet: 57 x 38 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110770,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83523.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"83523"},{"id":195690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10966,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2889/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78,39 ], [ -78,39.5 ], [ -77,39.5 ], [ -77,39 ], [ -78,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8501","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southworth, Scott","contributorId":93933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brezinski, David K.","contributorId":49428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brezinski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drake, Avery Jr.","contributorId":62582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Avery","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Froelich, Albert J.","contributorId":60200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froelich","given":"Albert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reddy, James E. 0000-0002-6998-7267 jreddy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-7267","contributorId":1080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"James","email":"jreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Denenny, Danielle","contributorId":78804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denenny","given":"Danielle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Daniels, David L. 0000-0003-0599-8036 dave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-8036","contributorId":1792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"David","email":"dave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":81093,"text":"sim2971 - 2007 - Hydrostratigraphic Framework and Selection and Correlation of Geophysical Log Markers in the Surficial Aquifer System, Palm Beach County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"sim2971","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2971","title":"Hydrostratigraphic Framework and Selection and Correlation of Geophysical Log Markers in the Surficial Aquifer System, Palm Beach County, Florida","docAbstract":"The surficial aquifer system is the major source of freshwater for public water supply in Palm Beach County, Florida, yet many previous studies of the hydrogeology of this aquifer system have focused only on the eastern one-half to one-third of the county in the more densely populated coastal area (Land and others, 1973; Swayze and others, 1980; Swayze and Miller, 1984; Shine and others, 1989). Population growth in the county has resulted in the westward expansion of urbanized areas into agricultural areas and has created new demands on the water resources of the county. Additionally, interest in surface-water resources of central and western areas of the county has increased. In these areas, plans for additional surface-water storage reservoirs are being made under the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan originally proposed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the South Florida Water Management District (1999), and stormwater treatment areas have been constructed by the South Florida Water Management District. Surface-water and ground-water interactions in the Everglades are thought to be important to water budgets, water quality, and ecology (Harvey and others, 2002).\r\n\r\nMost of the previous hydrogeologic and ground-water flow simulation studies of the surficial aquifer system have not utilized a hydrostratigraphic framework, in which stratigraphic or sequence stratigraphic units, such as those proposed in Cunningham and others (2001), are delineated in this stratigraphically complex aquifer system. A thick zone of secondary permeability mapped by Swayze and Miller (1984) was not subdivided and was identified as only being within the Anastasia Formation of Pleistocene age. Miller (1987) published 11 geologic sections of the surficial aquifer system, but did not delineate any named stratigraphic units in these sections. This limited interpretation has resulted, in part, from the complex facies changes within rocks and sediments of the surficial aquifer system and the seemingly indistinct and repetitious nature of the most common lithologies, which include sand, shell, sandstone, and limestone.\r\n\r\nModel construction and layer definition in a simulation of ground-water flow within the surficial aquifer system of Palm Beach County utilized only the boundaries of one or two major hydrogeologic zones, such as the Biscayne aquifer and surficial aquifer system; otherwise layers were defined by average elevations rather than geologic structure or stratigraphy (Shine and others, 1989). Additionally, each major permeable zone layer in the model was assumed to have constant hydraulic conductivity with no allowance for the possibility of discrete (thin) flow zones within the zone.\r\n\r\nThe key to understanding the spatial distribution and hydraulic connectivity of permeable zones in the surficial aquifer system beneath Palm Beach County is the development of a stratigraphic framework based on a consistent method of county-wide correlation. Variability in hydraulic properties in the system needs to be linked to the stratigraphic units delineated in this framework, and proper delineation of the hydrostratigraphic framework should provide a better understanding and simulation of the ground-water flow system. In 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District, initiated an investigation to develop a hydrostratigraphic framework for the surficial aquifer system in Palm Beach County.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2971","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Reese, R.S., and Wacker, M.A., 2007, Hydrostratigraphic Framework and Selection and Correlation of Geophysical Log Markers in the Surficial Aquifer System, Palm Beach County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2971, 2 Map Sheets: 32 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2971.","productDescription":"2 Map Sheets: 32 x 36 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110769,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83520.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"83520"},{"id":195359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10962,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2971/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.08333333333333,26.166666666666668 ], [ -81.08333333333333,27.083333333333332 ], [ -79.91666666666667,27.083333333333332 ], [ -79.91666666666667,26.166666666666668 ], [ -81.08333333333333,26.166666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c93e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reese, Ronald S. rsreese@usgs.gov","contributorId":1090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"Ronald","email":"rsreese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wacker, Michael A. mwacker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wacker","given":"Michael","email":"mwacker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81092,"text":"tm6A24 - 2007 - Documentation of a Conduit Flow Process (CFP) for MODFLOW-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:18","indexId":"tm6A24","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A24","title":"Documentation of a Conduit Flow Process (CFP) for MODFLOW-2005","docAbstract":"This report documents the Conduit Flow Process (CFP) for the modular finite-difference ground-water flow model, MODFLOW-2005. The CFP has the ability to simulate turbulent ground-water flow conditions by: (1) coupling the traditional ground-water flow equation with formulations for a discrete network of cylindrical pipes (Mode 1), (2) inserting a high-conductivity flow layer that can switch between laminar and turbulent flow (Mode 2), or (3) simultaneously coupling a discrete pipe network while inserting a high-conductivity flow layer that can switch between laminar and turbulent flow (Mode 3). Conduit flow pipes (Mode 1) may represent dissolution or biological burrowing features in carbonate aquifers, voids in fractured rock, and (or) lava tubes in basaltic aquifers and can be fully or partially saturated under laminar or turbulent flow conditions. Preferential flow layers (Mode 2) may represent: (1) a porous media where turbulent flow is suspected to occur under the observed hydraulic gradients; (2) a single secondary porosity subsurface feature, such as a well-defined laterally extensive underground cave; or (3) a horizontal preferential flow layer consisting of many interconnected voids. In this second case, the input data are effective parameters, such as a very high hydraulic conductivity, representing multiple features.\r\n\r\nData preparation is more complex for CFP Mode 1 (CFPM1) than for CFP Mode 2 (CFPM2). Specifically for CFPM1, conduit pipe locations, lengths, diameters, tortuosity, internal roughness, critical Reynolds numbers (NRe), and exchange conductances are required. CFPM1, however, solves the pipe network equations in a matrix that is independent of the porous media equation matrix, which may mitigate numerical instability associated with solution of dual flow components within the same matrix. CFPM2 requires less hydraulic information and knowledge about the specific location and hydraulic properties of conduits, and turbulent flow is approximated by modifying horizontal conductances assembled by the Block-Centered Flow (BCF), Layer-Property Flow (LPF), or Hydrogeologic-Unit Flow Packages (HUF) of MODFLOW-2005.\r\n\r\nFor both conduit flow pipes (CFPM1) and preferential flow layers (CFPM2), critical Reynolds numbers are used to determine if flow is laminar or turbulent. Due to conservation of momentum, flow in a laminar state tends to remain laminar and flow in a turbulent state tends to remain turbulent. This delayed transition between laminar and turbulent flow is introduced in the CFP, which provides an additional benefit of facilitating convergence of the computer algorithm during iterations of transient simulations. Specifically, the user can specify a higher critical Reynolds number to determine when laminar flow within a pipe converts to turbulent flow, and a lower critical Reynolds number for determining when a pipe with turbulent flow switches to laminar flow. With CFPM1, the Hagen-Poiseuille equation is used for laminar flow conditions and the Darcy-Weisbach equation is applied to turbulent flow conditions. With CFPM2, turbulent flow is approximated by reducing the laminar hydraulic conductivity by a nonlinear function of the Reynolds number, once the critical head difference is exceeded. This adjustment approximates the reductions in mean velocity under turbulent ground-water flow conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Techniques and Methods, Book 6, Chapter A24","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/tm6A24","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W., Kuniansky, E.L., Birk, S., Bauer, S., and Swain, E.D., 2007, Documentation of a Conduit Flow Process (CFP) for MODFLOW-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A24, viii, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A24.","productDescription":"viii, 50 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a24.gif"},{"id":10961,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6a24/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c1e4b07f02db53c8e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, W. Barclay bshoemak@usgs.gov","contributorId":1495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W. Barclay","email":"bshoemak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Birk, Steffen","contributorId":61055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birk","given":"Steffen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Sebastian","contributorId":40232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Sebastian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":81091,"text":"ds312 - 2007 - Bathymetric survey of the nearshore from Belle Pass to Caminada Pass, Louisiana: Methods and data report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-30T18:37:33.803667","indexId":"ds312","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"312","title":"Bathymetric survey of the nearshore from Belle Pass to Caminada Pass, Louisiana: Methods and data report","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the University of New Orleans (UNO) and the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources (LDNR), conducted a high-resolution, single-beam bathymetric survey along the Louisiana southern coastal zone from Belle Pass to Caminada Pass. The survey consisted of 483 line kilometers of data acquired in July and August of 2005. This report outlines the methodology and provides the data from the survey. Analysis of the data and comparison to a similar bathymetric survey completed in 1989 show significant loss of seafloor and shoreline retreat, which is consistent with previously published estimates of shoreline change in the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds312","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, N.T., Flocks, J.G., Hansen, M., Kulp, M., and Reynolds, B., 2007, Bathymetric survey of the nearshore from Belle Pass to Caminada Pass, Louisiana: Methods and data report: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 312, Report: vii, 29 p.; CSV File; ReadMe, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds312.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 29 p.; CSV File; ReadMe","numberOfPages":"36","temporalStart":"2005-07-01","temporalEnd":"2005-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292868,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/312/data/readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":292866,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/312/ds-312.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":292867,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/312/data/dataseries312_2005bathymetry.csv","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":10960,"rank":5,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/312/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190757,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds312.jpg"},{"id":431631,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83512.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Belle Pass, Caminada Pass","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.2197,\n 29.0136\n ],\n [\n -90.2197,\n 29.1961\n ],\n [\n -90.0042,\n 29.1961\n ],\n [\n -90.0042,\n 29.0136\n ],\n [\n -90.2197,\n 29.0136\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640aa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, Nancy T. 0000-0002-2419-4087 ndewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-4087","contributorId":4095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Nancy","email":"ndewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Mark","contributorId":81893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kulp, Mark","contributorId":77982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reynolds, B.J.","contributorId":47874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":81075,"text":"sir20085022 - 2007 - Earth science and public health: Proceedings of the Second National Conference on USGS Health-Related Research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-27T16:41:17","indexId":"sir20085022","displayToPublicDate":"2008-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5022","displayTitle":"Earth Science and Public Health: Proceedings of the Second National Conference on USGS Health-Related Research","title":"Earth science and public health: Proceedings of the Second National Conference on USGS Health-Related Research","docAbstract":"The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is to serve the Nation by providing reliable scientific information to describe and understand the earth; minimize loss of life and property from natural disasters; manage water, biological, energy, and mineral resources; and enhance and protect our quality of life. As the Nation?s largest water, earth, and biological science and civilian mapping agency, the USGS can play a significant role in providing scientific knowledge and information that will improve our understanding of the relations of environment and wildlife to human health and disease. USGS human health-related research is unique in the Federal government because it brings together a broad spectrum of natural science expertise and information, including extensive data collection and monitoring on varied landscapes and ecosystems across the Nation.\r\n\r\nUSGS can provide a great service to the public health community by synthesizing the scientific information and knowledge on our natural and living resources that influence human health, and by bringing this science to the public health community in a manner that is most useful. Partnerships with health scientists and managers are essential to the success of these efforts. USGS scientists already are working closely with the public health community to pursue rigorous inquiries into the connections between natural science and public health. Partnering agencies include the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Food and Drug Administration, Mine Safety and Health Administration, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Public Health Service, and the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. Collaborations between public health scientists and earth scientists can lead to improved solutions for existing and emerging environmental health problems.\r\n\r\nThis report summarizes the presentations and discussions held at the Second National Conference on USGS Health-Related Research, held at the USGS national headquarters in Reston, Virginia. The report presents 68 abstracts of technical presentations made at the conference and summaries of six topical breakout sessions. The abstracts cover a broad range of issues and demonstrate connections between human health and the quality and condition of our environment and wildlife. The summaries of the topical breakout sessions present ideas for advancing interdisciplinary science in areas of earth science and human health.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085022","usgsCitation":"Buxton, H.T., Griffin, D.W., and Pierce, B.S., 2007, Earth science and public health: Proceedings of the Second National Conference on USGS Health-Related Research: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5022, viii, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085022.","productDescription":"viii, 48 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-02-27","temporalEnd":"2007-03-01","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10946,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c1af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, Brenda S. bpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Brenda","email":"bpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81047,"text":"ofr20071283 - 2007 - Relations of Environmental Factors with Mussel-Species Richness in the Neversink River, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"ofr20071283","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1283","title":"Relations of Environmental Factors with Mussel-Species Richness in the Neversink River, New York","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nDeclines in the distribution, abundance, and diversity of freshwater-mussel species (family Unionidae1) have been reported worldwide (Bogan, 1993; Strayer and Jirka, 1997). The principal causes of the observed declines are difficult to confirm, however, because only a few of the many factors that affect mussel-species populations have been identified (Strayer and Ralley, 1993; Strayer, 1999; Baldigo and others, 2003; Strayer and others, 2006).\r\n\r\nThe Neversink River, which drains the Catskill Mountains in southeastern New York (fig. 1), contains seven species of mussels (Strayer and Ralley, 1991; Strayer and Jirka, 1997). Populations of the endangered dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) and the threatened swollen wedgemussel (Alasmidonta varicosa) coexist with other unionid mussels in the Neversink River (Strayer and Ralley, 1991, 1993; Baldigo and others, 2003). Dwarf wedgemussel populations had previously been found only downstream from the site of an abandoned dam in the lower part of the river at Cuddebackville (fig. 1), and swollen wedgemussels were only found in the lower and middle reaches of the river. The limited distribution of these two species suggests that they may be susceptible to local extinctions.\r\n\r\nThe distribution of mussel populations can be limited by impoundments. Mussel larvae develop in species-specific host fish; thus, impoundments that restrict passage of these host fish also restrict the extent of mussels. The Neversink River is impounded by the Neversink Reservoir [241 square kilometers (km2)], a major source of drinking water for the City of New York, and was also impounded 50 km downstream by the Cuddebackville Dam until 2004, when the latter was removed by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to improve fish passage. The removal of this dam has provided previously unavailable habitat for diadromous and other fish species that act as hosts for rare mussel species. In addition, releases from the Neversink Reservoir that mimic the river?s original flow patterns have recently been proposed by TNC and could benefit the established mussel populations and aquatic communities. The ability to protect mussel populations and the potential to increase mussel richness in the Neversink River is unknown, however, because the environmental factors that affect the seven mussel species are poorly defined, and the distribution of mussel beds is patchy and thus difficult to quantify.\r\n\r\nIn 1997, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with TNC, began a 6-year study along the Neversink River and its tributaries to (1) document the current distribution of each mussel species, (2) assess environmental factors in relation to mussel-species richness and distribution, and (3) identify the factors that most strongly affect mussel populations and develop an equation that relates environmental factors to mussel-species richness. This report (a) summarizes the methods used to quantify or qualify environmental factors and mussel-species distribution and abundance, (b) presents a list of environmental factors that were correlated with mussel-species richness, and (c) offers an empirical model to predict richness of mussel species in benthic communities throughout the basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071283","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy and Sullivan County Division of Planning and Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B.P., Ernst, A., Schuler, G.E., and Apse, C.D., 2007, Relations of Environmental Factors with Mussel-Species Richness in the Neversink River, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1283, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071283.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10910,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1283/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b411a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ernst, Anne G.","contributorId":37825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ernst","given":"Anne G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuler, George E.","contributorId":37005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Apse, Colin D.","contributorId":54680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apse","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":81046,"text":"ofr20071143 - 2007 - EL68D Wasteway Watershed Land-Cover Generation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:26","indexId":"ofr20071143","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1143","title":"EL68D Wasteway Watershed Land-Cover Generation","docAbstract":"Classification of land cover from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) for the EL68D Wasteway Watershed in the State of Washington is documented. The procedures for classification include use of two ETM+ scenes in a simultaneous unsupervised classification process supported by extensive field data collection using Global Positioning System receivers and digital photos. The procedure resulted in a detailed classification at the individual crop species level.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071143","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, S., Usery, E.L., and Finn, M.P., 2007, EL68D Wasteway Watershed Land-Cover Generation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1143, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071143.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":425,"text":"National Geospatial Technical Operations Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10909,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1143/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c367","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, Sheila","contributorId":103759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"Sheila","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, Michael P. 0000-0003-0415-2194 mfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-2194","contributorId":2657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Michael","email":"mfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81043,"text":"sir20075285 - 2007 - Geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical identification of flow paths in the Edwards Aquifer, northeastern Bexar and southern Comal Counties, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T13:23:29","indexId":"sir20075285","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5285","title":"Geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical identification of flow paths in the Edwards Aquifer, northeastern Bexar and southern Comal Counties, Texas","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, conducted a 4-year study during 2002?06 to identify major flow paths in the Edwards aquifer in northeastern Bexar and southern Comal Counties (study area). In the study area, faulting directs ground water into three hypothesized flow paths that move water, generally, from the southwest to the northeast. These flow paths are identified as the southern Comal flow path, the central Comal flow path, and the northern Comal flow path. Statistical correlations between water levels for six observation wells and between the water levels and discharges from Comal Springs and Hueco Springs yielded evidence for the hypothesized flow paths. Strong linear correlations were evident between the datasets from wells and springs within the same flow path and the datasets from wells in areas where flow between flow paths was suspected. Geochemical data (major ions, stable isotopes, sulfur hexafluoride, and tritium and helium) were used in graphical analyses to obtain evidence of the flow path from which wells or springs derive water. Major-ion geochemistry in samples from selected wells and springs showed relatively little variation. Samples from the southern Comal flow path were characterized by relatively high sulfate and chloride concentrations, possibly indicating that the water in the flow path was mixing with small amounts of saline water from the freshwater/saline-water transition zone. Samples from the central Comal flow path yielded the most varied major-ion geochemistry of the three hypothesized flow paths. Central Comal flow path samples were characterized, in general, by high calcium concentrations and low magnesium concentrations. Samples from the northern Comal flow path were characterized by relatively low sulfate and chloride concentrations and high magnesium concentrations. The high magnesium concentrations characteristic of northern Comal flow path samples from the recharge zone in Comal County might indicate that water from the Trinity aquifer is entering the Edwards aquifer in the subsurface. A graph of the relation between the stable isotopes deuterium and delta-18 oxygen showed that, except for samples collected following an unusually intense rain storm, there was not much variation in stable isotope values among the flow paths. In the study area deuterium ranged from -36.00 to -20.89 per mil and delta-18 oxygen ranged from -6.03 to -3.70 per mil. Excluding samples collected following the intense rain storm, the deuterium range in the study area was -33.00 to -20.89 per mil and the delta-18 oxygen range was -4.60 to -3.70 per mil. Two ground-water age-dating techniques, sulfur hexafluoride concentrations and tritium/helium-3 isotope ratios, were used to compute apparent ages (time since recharge occurred) of water samples collected in the study area. In general, the apparent ages computed by the two methods do not seem to indicate direction of flow. Apparent ages computed for water samples in northeastern Bexar and southern Comal Counties do not vary greatly except for some very young water in the recharge zone in central Comal County.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075285","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Otero, C.L., 2007, Geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical identification of flow paths in the Edwards Aquifer, northeastern Bexar and southern Comal Counties, Texas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5285, vi, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075285.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20075285.gif"},{"id":327674,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5285/pdf/sir2007-5285.pdf","size":"14.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":10905,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5285/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101,28.75 ], [ -101,30.5 ], [ -97.25,30.5 ], [ -97.25,28.75 ], [ -101,28.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8734","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otero, Cassi L.","contributorId":100469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otero","given":"Cassi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81040,"text":"sim2993 - 2007 - Generalized potentiometric surface of the Arikaree aquifer, Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and Bennett County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T13:08:13","indexId":"sim2993","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2993","title":"Generalized potentiometric surface of the Arikaree aquifer, Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and Bennett County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and Bennett County are located in southwest South Dakota. The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation includes all of Shannon County and the part of Jackson County south of the White River. Extensive Indian trust lands are in Bennett County. For purposes of this map, the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and all of Bennett County are included in the study area (sheet 1).
Ground water from wells and springs is the predominant source of public and domestic supply within the study area. The Arikaree aquifer is the largest source of ground water throughout this area. The Oglala Sioux Tribe is developing a ground-water management plan designed to “preserve, protect and maintain the quality of ground water for living and future members and non-members of the Oglala Sioux Indian Tribe within the internal and external boundaries of the Pine Ridge Reservation” (Michael Catches Enemy, Oglala Sioux Tribe Natural Resources Regulatory Agency, oral commun., 2007). Hydrologic information about the Arikaree aquifer is important to managing this resource.
In 1998, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began working in cooperation with the Oglala Sioux Tribe to develop a potentiometric map of the Arikaree aquifer in Jackson and Shannon Counties, with a primary component of that effort being a well inventory in those counties. In 2003, the study area was expanded to include Bennett County.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2993","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oglala Sioux Tribe","usgsCitation":"Carter, J.M., and Heakin, A.J., 2007, Generalized potentiometric surface of the Arikaree aquifer, Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and Bennett County, South Dakota (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2993, 2 Map Sheets: each 50 x 36 inches; Supplementary Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2993.","productDescription":"2 Map Sheets: each 50 x 36 inches; Supplementary Data","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110768,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83409.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"83409"},{"id":10908,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2993/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Bennett County","otherGeospatial":"Arikaree aquifer, Pine Ridge Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103,43 ], [ -103,43.833333333333336 ], [ -101.16666666666667,43.833333333333336 ], [ -101.16666666666667,43 ], [ -103,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a806e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heakin, Allen J.","contributorId":20366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heakin","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81044,"text":"ds318 - 2007 - ASTER-Derived 30-Meter-Resolution Digital Elevation Models of Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-24T12:18:49.117255","indexId":"ds318","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"318","title":"ASTER-Derived 30-Meter-Resolution Digital Elevation Models of Afghanistan","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is an imaging instrument aboard the Terra satellite, launched on December 19, 1999, as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS). The ASTER sensor consists of three subsystems: the visible and near infrared (VNIR), the shortwave infrared (SWIR), and the thermal infrared (TIR), each with a different spatial resolution (VNIR, 15 meters; SWIR, 30 meters, TIR 90 meters). The VNIR system has the capability to generate along-track stereo images that can be used to create digital elevation models (DEMs) at 30-meter resolution.\r\n\r\nCurrently, the only available DEM dataset for Afghanistan is the 90-meter-resolution Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data. This dataset is appropriate for macroscale DEM analysis and mapping. However, ASTER provides a low cost opportunity to generate higher resolution data. For this publication, study areas were identified around populated areas and areas where higher resolution elevation data were desired to assist in natural resource assessments. The higher resolution fidelity of these DEMs can also be used for other terrain analysis including landform classification and geologic structure analysis.\r\n\r\nFor this publication, ASTER scenes were processed and mosaicked to generate 36 DEMs which were created and extracted using PCI Geomatics' OrthoEngine 3D Stereo software. The ASTER images were geographically registered to Landsat data with at least 15 accurate and well distributed ground control points with a root mean square error (RMSE) of less that one pixel (15 meters). An elevation value was then assigned to each ground control point by extracting the elevation from the 90-meter SRTM data. The 36 derived DEMs demonstrate that the software correlated on nearly flat surfaces and smooth slopes accurately. Larger errors occur in cloudy and snow-covered areas, lakes, areas with steep slopes, and southeastern-facing slopes. In these areas, holes, large pits, and spikes were generated by the software during the correlation process and the automatic interpolation method. To eliminate these problems, overlapping DEMs were generated and filtered using a progressive morphologic filter.\r\n\r\nThe quadrangles used to delineate the DEMs in the publication were derived from the Afghan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office's (AGCHO) 1:100,000-scale maps series quadrangles. Each DEM was clipped and assigned a name according to the associated AGCHO quadrangle name. The geospatial data included in this publication are intended to be used with any GIS software packages including, but not limited to, ESRI's ArcGIS and ERDAS IMAGINE.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds318","usgsCitation":"Chirico, P., and Warner, M.B., 2007, ASTER-Derived 30-Meter-Resolution Digital Elevation Models of Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 318, Available online and on DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds318.","productDescription":"Available online and on DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10906,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/318/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a477a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chirico, Peter G.","contributorId":27086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, Michael B.","contributorId":26767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81035,"text":"ofr20071379 - 2007 - Vegetation Response to the 1995 Drawdown of the Navigation Pool at Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge, Crossett, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:17","indexId":"ofr20071379","displayToPublicDate":"2008-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1379","title":"Vegetation Response to the 1995 Drawdown of the Navigation Pool at Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge, Crossett, Arkansas","docAbstract":"Felsenthal Navigation Pool (?the pool?) at Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge near Crossett, Ark., was continuously flooded to a baseline elevation of 19.8 m (65.0 ft) mean sea level (m.s.l.) from late fall 1985, when the final in a series of locks and dams was constructed, until the summer of 1995. Water level within the pool was reduced by 0.3 m (1.0 ft) beginning July 5, 1995, exposing about 1,591 ha (3,931 acres) of sediment; the reduced water level was maintained until October 25 of that year. A total of 15 transects was established along the pool margin before the drawdown, extending perpendicular from the pool edge to 19.5 m (64.0 ft) in elevation. Plant species composition and cover were recorded at six to seven quadrats on each transect; 14 of the transects were also monitored three times during the drawdown and in June 1996. Soil near five of the original transects was disturbed two weeks into the drawdown by scraping the soil surface with a bulldozer. Soil cores were collected to characterize soil organic matter, texture class, carbon and nitrogen content, and plant nutrient concentrations; soil samples were also collected to identify species present in the seed bank prior to and during the drawdown.\r\n\r\nPlant species, several of which were high quality food sources for waterfowl, colonized the drawdown zone within four weeks. Vegetation response, measured by species richness, total cover, and cover of Cyperus species, was often greater at low compared to high elevations in the drawdown zone; this effect was probably intensified by low rainfall during the summer of 1995. Vegetation response on the disturbed transects was reduced compared to that on the undisturbed transects. This effect was attributed to two factors: (1) removal of the existing seed bank by the disturbance technique applied and (2) reduced incorporation of seeds recruited during the drawdown because of unusually low summer rainfall. Seed bank studies demonstrated that several species persisted despite nearly 10 years of continual flooding, and that seed bank species richness increased during the drawdown. Analyses indicated that predominantly clay soils containing relatively low organic matter were present along the pool margin. Levels of the plant nutrients measured were consistent with normal values reported for soils. Although conclusions from this study are limited by its one-year time frame, it is unlikely that permanent change to plant community function in the drawdown zone resulted from the lowered water levels during the summer of 1995. While species composition in the summer following the drawdown differed from that prior to the drawdown, the plant community remained dominated by annual floating-leaved or submersed species. It is probable that any future decrease in summer water levels in the pool will result in increased growth of desirable waterfowl food plants, such as Cyperus erythrorhizos (red-root flat sedge) and Leptochloa fascicularis var. fascicularis (bearded sprangletop), in the drawdown zone.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071379","usgsCitation":"Howard, R.J., and Wells, C.J., 2007, Vegetation Response to the 1995 Drawdown of the Navigation Pool at Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge, Crossett, Arkansas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1379, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071379.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110767,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83406.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"83406"},{"id":194913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10898,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1379/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Rebecca J. 0000-0001-7264-4364 howardr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":2429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rebecca","email":"howardr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":294179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, Christopher J. wellsc@usgs.gov","contributorId":5607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Christopher","email":"wellsc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":294180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}