Rapid warming and human exploitation threaten boreal forests. Understanding links among vegetation, climate, and people in this vast biome requires highly resolved long-term records that integrate regional inputs. We developed an 850-year pollen-based record of supraregional vegetation change using a southern Greenland ice core and atmospheric modeling that identified the boreal and mixed-conifer forests of eastern Canada as the dominant pollen source regions. Conifer pollen increased ∼1400 CE at the onset of the cooler and drier Little Ice Age. A subsequent decline began ∼1650 CE and a statistically significant pollen change after 1760 CE suggests ecological consequences of the Little Ice Age cooling and initial human exploitation that persisted until recent decades. These supraregional changes are broadly consistent with local records and demonstrate intensification of human impacts on northern forests, suggesting a shift from a climate-modulated to an increasingly human-controlled system during recent centuries.
This study uses data from the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover to document the facies of the Sutton Island member of the Murray formation, interpret paleoenvironments, and establish key stratigraphic transitions at Gale crater. Two facies associations were identified: Facies Association 1 (FA1) and Facies Association 2 (FA2). Individual facies in FA1 include planar-laminated mudstone with minor intervals of planar sandstone, ripple cross-laminated sandstone, cross-stratified sandstone, and alternating laminated sandstone and mudstone. Meter-thick packages of planar-laminated mudstone in FA1 are interpreted to represent deposition in low-energy ponded environments along the lake margin. Straight- and curve-crested ripple cross-laminated facies are interpreted to represent current-influenced deposition. Cross-stratified sandstone facies consist of dm-thick sets that represent deposition in distal channels. Intercalated mm-scale mudstone and sandstone laminae represent waning flow conditions and possible channel abandonment. Facies in FA1 collectively represent deposition in a distal delta plain. FA2 is comprised of planar-laminated mudstone with minor sandstone and is interpreted to represent deposition in a lacustrine-basin setting by suspension settling linked to density flows. FA1 transitions upward into FA2, defining a rapid transgression substantial enough to facilitate the deposition of distal lake facies above delta plain facies. The abrupt transition from FA2 back to FA1 deltaic deposits is suggestive of forced regression. Facies in FA1 and FA2 are consistent with the prevalence of aqueous environments recorded in other Murray formation members and extend our understanding of the dynamic sedimentary processes that characterized ancient lacustrine systems at Gale crater.
Bivalves such as oysters and clams have been farmed in intertidal zones across the Puget Sound region of the Salish Sea for thousands of years. The variety of gear types used on bivalve farms creates complex vertical structure and attachment points for aquatic epiphytes and invertebrates which increases habitat structural complexity, but may alter eelgrass cover in areas where bivalve farms and eelgrass meadows overlap. Eelgrass meadows are highly productive and ecologically foundational nearshore habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services including the provision of nursery, refuge, and foraging habitat. Aquaculture has been a key feature of the environment in the Puget Sound for millennia, however, little is known about how well aquaculture practices are integrated into the system, and what services they provide to mobile species assemblages relative to unfarmed eelgrass meadows. We used stable isotope mixing models to estimate, for several species of nearshore fish and crab in two areas of North Puget Sound, Washington, the percent diet originating from either a natural bottom habitat (eelgrass meadows), farm habitat (oyster farms), or pelagic planktonic sources. Our results indicate that several species of nearshore fish such as surf perch and staghorn sculpin derive a significant proportion of their diets from farm areas, while crabs derive most of their diets from eelgrass habitat, and stickleback derive a significant proportion of their diets from planktonic sources. The results indicate that foraging habitat uses are species specific, and that several species that spatially overlap bivalve farms obtained a large percentage of their diets from adjacent bivalve farm habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2023.1282225","usgsCitation":"Veggerby, K., Scheuerell, M.D., Sanderson, B., and Kiffney, P.M., 2024, Stable isotopes reveal intertidal fish and crabs use bivalve farms as foraging habitat in Puget Sound, Washington: Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 10, 1282225, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1282225.","productDescription":"1282225, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159006","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1282225","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":429893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.21054728999565,\n 48.854704403819\n ],\n [\n -122.82069064713903,\n 48.854704403819\n ],\n [\n -122.82069064713903,\n 47.27641993330366\n ],\n [\n -122.21054728999565,\n 47.27641993330366\n ],\n [\n -122.21054728999565,\n 48.854704403819\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veggerby, Karl","contributorId":338024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veggerby","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheuerell, Mark David 0000-0002-8284-1254","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8284-1254","contributorId":288621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheuerell","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanderson, Beth","contributorId":338027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanderson","given":"Beth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiffney, Peter M.","contributorId":338029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiffney","given":"Peter","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70250855,"text":"70250855 - 2024 - Comparing single and multiple objective constrained optimization algorithms for tuning a groundwater remediation system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-10T16:31:29.928959","indexId":"70250855","displayToPublicDate":"2024-01-10T10:10:04","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7164,"text":"Environmental Modelling & Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing single and multiple objective constrained optimization algorithms for tuning a groundwater remediation system","docAbstract":"Groundwater flow and particle tracking models are critical tools to simulate the natural system, contaminant fate and transport, and effects of remediation. Constrained optimization uses models to systematically explore the interplay between remedial design and contaminant fate, considering uncertainty. Sequential Linear Programming (SLP) provides a design alternative addressing a single goal (e.g. maximum hydraulic containment, maximum mass removal). Multi-objective algorithms like Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) explore the tradeoffs among such objectives and more (e.g. cost, public-supply well contamination). We explore both approaches at a contaminated site in Long Island, New York USA. We compare the algorithms and ramifications on results. NSGA-II explores, at additional computational cost, explicit tradeoffs among multiple objectives, providing additional insights relative to SLP. The NGSA-II algorithm allows for graphical consideration of three objectives. SLP decision variables often settle at predetermined bounds. Bounds assignment thus differs from parameter estimation; bounds must be acceptable rather than safeguards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.105952","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., Corson-Dosch, N., Jahn, K., and White, J., 2024, Comparing single and multiple objective constrained optimization algorithms for tuning a groundwater remediation system: Environmental Modelling & Software, v. 173, 105952, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.105952.","productDescription":"105952, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154816","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.105952","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":424282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Navy Grumman Groundwater Plume site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.51175816259176,\n 40.65126946756959\n ],\n [\n -73.42534399670191,\n 40.68206493506739\n ],\n [\n -73.45886673346936,\n 40.78790400347398\n ],\n [\n -73.57470641274439,\n 40.76505702193873\n ],\n [\n -73.51175816259176,\n 40.65126946756959\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"173","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":245632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corson-Dosch, Nicholas 0000-0002-6776-6241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6776-6241","contributorId":202630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corson-Dosch","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jahn, Kalle 0000-0002-4976-0137","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4976-0137","contributorId":333053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahn","given":"Kalle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Jeremy T. 0000-0002-4950-1469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-1469","contributorId":248830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy T.","affiliations":[{"id":50032,"text":"GNS New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":891804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70251009,"text":"70251009 - 2024 - Quantifying effectiveness and best practices for bumblebee identification from photographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-18T13:24:19.667707","indexId":"70251009","displayToPublicDate":"2024-01-10T07:19:23","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying effectiveness and best practices for bumblebee identification from photographs","docAbstract":"Understanding pollinator networks requires species level data on pollinators. New photographic approaches to identification provide avenues to data collection that reduce impacts on declining bumblebee species, but limited research has addressed their accuracy. Using blind identification of 1418 photographed bees, of which 561 had paired specimens, we assessed identification and agreement across 20 bumblebee species netted in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota by people with minimal training. An expert identified 92.4% of bees from photographs, whereas 98.2% of bees were identified from specimens. Photograph identifiability decreased for bees that were wet or matted; bees without clear pictures of the abdomen, side of thorax, or top of thorax; bees photographed with a tablet, and for species with more color morphs. Across paired specimens, the identification matched for 95.1% of bees. When combined with a second opinion of specimens without matching identifications, data suggested a similar misidentification rate (2.7% for photographs and 2.5% specimens). We suggest approaches to maximize accuracy, including development of rulesets for collection of a subset of specimens based on difficulty of identification and to address cryptic variation, and focused training on identification that highlights detection of species of concern and species frequently confused in a study area.
In today’s rapidly changing climate, society needs a better understanding of climate impacts on sea level, ice sheets and glaciers, sea ice, ocean circulation, ecosystems, biodiversity, and other aspects of planet Earth. Paleoenvironmental records provide a unique and invaluable source of insight into these complex issues, and place recent observations into a broader historical context. This essay discusses why paleoclimate reconstructions from polar regions provide critical information to help anticipate possible future climate impacts. By highlighting some key research examples, this essay explains the value of expanding proxy-based research in Arctic/Antarctic regions, and makes a case for paying greater attention to the lessons already distilled from it.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pclm.0000333","usgsCitation":"Gemery, L., and Lopez-Quiros, A., 2024, Polar paleoenvironmental perspectives on modern climate change: PLOS Climate, v. 3, no. 1, e0000333, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000333.","productDescription":"e0000333, 4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159914","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440753,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000333","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":424601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gemery, Laura 0000-0003-1966-8732 lgemery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-8732","contributorId":5402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gemery","given":"Laura","email":"lgemery@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":892855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lopez-Quiros, Adrian 0000-0002-7522-2834","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7522-2834","contributorId":333476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez-Quiros","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70250974,"text":"70250974 - 2024 - How well do existing surveys track fish community performance measures in the St. Clair-Detroit River System?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-18T11:52:47.5929","indexId":"70250974","displayToPublicDate":"2024-01-10T05:50:57","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How well do existing surveys track fish community performance measures in the St. Clair-Detroit River System?","docAbstract":"The St. Clair-Detroit River System (SCDRS) connects Lake Huron to Lake Erie and provides important habitats for many fishes of economic and ecological importance. Portions of the SCDRS are designated as Great Lakes Areas of Concern and fish production and conservation may be compromised. Efforts to address beneficial use impairments have focused on restoring habitat for native fishes and improving aquatic ecosystem health. Considerable site-specific research and long-term, annual fish surveys have examined responses to habitat improvements. However, there is uncertainty surrounding whether individual studies and surveys can assess (1) population-level benefits of habitat enhancements and (2) whether management objectives are being met. To identify monitoring gaps and inform long-term monitoring program development, we compared outputs from SCDRS fish monitoring surveys (based on discussions with regional agencies) with performance measures specified in management plans (obtained through gray literature searches). Performance measures for harvested species aligned well with outputs of existing surveys. In contrast, at-risk fishes often had objectives and performance measures that reflected knowledge gaps and study needs. Although harvested species were well-monitored relative to specified performance measures, at-risk fishes were less reliably collected by existing surveys, except for lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Effective evaluation of restoration efforts for at-risk fishes may require additional survey efforts that target species-specific habitat use and life history characteristics.
The riparian vegetation within the San Carlos Apache Reservation (hereafter Reservation), within the Upper Gila River watershed extending from southwestern New Mexico into southeastern Arizona, provides immense ecological and cultural value to the people of the San Carlos Apache Tribe (hereafter referred to as the Tribe/Tribal) but has experienced substantial changes and stresses over the past century because of fluctuations in climate and a series of human-induced and natural disturbances. This research addresses these challenges by analyzing the riparian vegetation within the Upper Gila River watershed using aerial and satellite imagery, and by documenting the direct relationship to fluctuations in climate conditions. Results from this study would be provided to the Tribe to help the Tribe develop a restoration plan for their riparian forests.
We show that the riparian vegetation has largely increased overall in greenness throughout the study period (i.e., 1985 through 2021), despite periods of drought conditions. This extends to the end of our study period particularly with native vegetation in the upper watershed. However, non-native and invasive tamarisk vegetation within much of the lower watershed has shown declining trends and increasing vegetative stress. Furthermore, these areas have experienced a large increase in wildfire presence and other disturbances. Nevertheless, Tribal restoration applications have been shown to increase native vegetation plant cover, suggesting that restoration activities have been successful overall.
In the two decades, since the advent of the term “flash drought,” considerable research has been directed toward the topic. Within the scientific community, we have actively forged a new paradigm that has avoided a chaotic evolution of conventional drought but instead recognizes that flash droughts have distinct dynamics and, particularly, impacts. We have moved beyond the initial debate over the definition of flash drought to a centralized focus on the triad of rapid onset, drought development, and associated impacts. The refinement toward this general set of principles has led to significant progress in determining key variables for monitoring flash drought development, identifying notable case studies, and compiling fundamental physical characteristics of flash drought. However, critical focus areas still remain, including advancing our knowledge on the atmospheric and oceanic drivers of flash drought; developing flash drought-specific detection indices and monitoring systems tailored to practitioners; improving subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction of these events; constraining uncertainty in flash drought and impact projections; and using social science to further our understanding of impacts, particularly with regard to sectors that lie outside of our traditional hydroclimatological focus, such as wildfire management and food-security monitoring. Researchers and stakeholders working together on these critical topics will assure society is resilient to flash drought in a changing climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1714","usgsCitation":"Christian, J., Hobbins, M., Hoell, A., Otkin, J., Ford, T.W., Cravens, A.E., Powlen, K., Wang, H., and Mishra, V., 2024, Flash drought: A state of the science review: WIREs Water, v. 11, no. 3, e1714, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1714.","productDescription":"e1714, 28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156901","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":506522,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/68140","text":"External Repository"},{"id":425361,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, 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aecravens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0271-7967","contributorId":196752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravens","given":"Amanda","email":"aecravens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Powlen, Kathryn 0000-0002-9685-0063","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9685-0063","contributorId":328833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powlen","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wang, Hailan","contributorId":298623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Hailan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64628,"text":"NOAA Climate Prediction Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mishra, Vimal","contributorId":333802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mishra","given":"Vimal","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79976,"text":"Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70250904,"text":"70250904 - 2024 - Machine learning approaches to identify lithium concentration in petroleum produced waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T16:06:46.920365","indexId":"70250904","displayToPublicDate":"2024-01-09T08:18:01","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5502,"text":"Mineral Economics","onlineIssn":"2191-2211","printIssn":"2191-2203","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Machine learning approaches to identify lithium concentration in petroleum produced waters","docAbstract":"Prices for battery-grade lithium have increased substantially since 2020, which is propelling the search for additional sources of this important element. Battery-grade lithium is predominately recovered from continental brines. Most crude oil and natural gas wells recover briny formation water, which may represent an additional source. Chemical analysis of these waters has been shown to indicate the presence of varying concentrations of lithium and related elements. This paper briefly reviews developments and literature supporting the presence of lithium in petroleum reservoir brines. It also describes the coverage and distribution of lithium data analyses in the United States Geological Survey National Produced Waters Geochemical Database (PWGD). It then addresses the question as to whether a lithium concentration can be accurately predicted using constituents of ion chemistry in produced brines from specific geologic formations. Four machine learning algorithms are employed to classify the commercial potential of lithium in oil field brines using data from oil wells recovering formation water from the Smackover Formation. The calibrated classification models are further applied to new (out-of-sample) data from the Marcellus Formation in the Appalachian Basin. Among the approaches considered, the predictive performance and wider applicability of the gradient boosted tree and the deep neural network models are determined to be the most promising. Finally, we discuss how the calibrated models could be applied to assure the quality of the data reported from chemical laboratory analysis and for imputation when lithium values are missing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13563-023-00409-8","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., Coburn, T., and Freeman, P., 2024, Machine learning approaches to identify lithium concentration in petroleum produced waters: Mineral Economics, v. 37, p. 477-497, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-023-00409-8.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"477","endPage":"497","ipdsId":"IP-144611","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424326,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":1809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coburn, Timothy","contributorId":333122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coburn","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":891988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":206294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70250889,"text":"70250889 - 2024 - Mafic alkaline magmatism and rare earth element mineralization in the Mojave Desert, California: The Bobcat Hills connection to Mountain Pass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-23T00:49:19.129501","indexId":"70250889","displayToPublicDate":"2024-01-09T07:36:36","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mafic alkaline magmatism and rare earth element mineralization in the Mojave Desert, California: The Bobcat Hills connection to Mountain Pass","docAbstract":"Occurrences of alkaline and carbonatite rocks with high concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) are a defining feature of Precambrian geology in the Mojave Desert of southeastern California. The most economically important occurrence is the carbonatite stock at Mountain Pass, which constitutes the largest REE deposit in the United States. A central scientific goal is to understand the genesis of the carbonatite ore body in the context of widespread REE-rich igneous activity. A swarm of mafic alkaline (shonkinite) dikes has been mapped and sampled at Bobcat Hills, 65 km southeast of the Mountain Pass mine. Whole-rock geochemistry and zircon geochronology demonstrate a clear affinity to the ca. 1.4 Ga Mountain Pass intrusive system. Bobcat Hills dikes have comparably high REE concentrations (La ∼1,000× chondritic) and an error-weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb zircon crystallization age of 1,426 ± 2 Ma (2σ). Unlike the alkaline intrusions at Mountain Pass, which have abundant inherited zircon from Paleoproterozoic basement rocks and crustally influenced oxygen isotope compositions (δ18Ozircon = 6.5–7.5‰), the Bobcat Hills dikes lack any evidence of crustal assimilation and have oxygen isotope values that overlap a mantle range (Bobcat Hills average δ18Ozircon = 5.6 ± 0.3‰). The dikes were a high-temperature, early center of mafic alkaline magmatism in the Mojave Desert that serve as a snapshot of melt generation from a spatially extensive, metasomatized mantle source. We propose that modification of the crust over many tens of Myr at Mountain Pass created an environment that favored crustal assimilation and enabled ascent of late-stage, REE-rich carbonatite magmas.
Conserving migratory wildlife requires understanding how groups of individuals interact across seasons and landscapes. Telemetry reveals individual movements at large spatiotemporal scales; however, using movement data to define conservation units requires scaling up from individual movements to species- and community-level patterns. We developed a framework to define flyways and identify important sites from telemetry data and applied it to long-term, range-wide tracking data from three species (640 individuals) of sea ducks: namely, North American scoters (Melanitta spp). Our network of 88 nodes included both multispecies hotspots and areas uniquely important to individual species. We found limited spatial overlap between scoters wintering on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America, with differing connectivity patterns between coasts. Finally, we identified four multispecies conservation units that did not correspond to traditional management flyways. From this approach, we show how individual movements can be used to quantify range-wide connectivity of migratory species and reveal gaps in conservation strategies.
Wind-waves have an important role in Earth system dynamics through air–sea interactions and are key drivers of coastal and offshore hydro-morphodynamics that affect communities, ecosystems, infrastructure and operations. In this Review, we outline historical and projected changes in the wind-wave climate over the world’s oceans, and their impacts. Historical trend analysis is challenging owing to the presence of temporal inhomogeneities from increased numbers and types of assimilated data. Nevertheless, there is general agreement over a consistent historical increase in mean wave height of 1–3 cm yr−1 in the Southern and Arctic Oceans, with extremes increasing by >10 cm yr−1 for the latter. By 2100, mean wave height is projected to rise by 5–10% in the Southern Ocean and eastern tropical South Pacific, and by >100% in the Arctic Ocean. By contrast, reductions in mean wave height up to 10% are expected in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, with regional variability and uncertainty for changes in extremes. Differences between 1.5 °C and warmer worlds reveal the potential benefit of limiting anthropogenic warming. Resolving global-scale climate change impacts on coastal processes and atmospheric–ocean–wave interactions requires a step-up in observational and modeling capabilities, including enhanced spatiotemporal resolution and coverage of observations, more homogeneous data products, multidisciplinary model improvement, and better sampling of uncertainty with larger ensembles.
Fieldwork is a critical tool for scientific research, particularly in applied disciplines. Yet fieldwork is often unsafe, especially for members of historically marginalized groups and people whose presence in scientific spaces threatens traditional hierarchies of power, authority, and legitimacy. Research is needed to identify interventions that prevent sexual harassment and assault from occurring in the first place. We conducted a quasi-experiment assessing the impacts of a 90-min interactive training on field-based staff in a United States state government agency. We hypothesized that the knowledge-based interventions, social modeling, and mastery experiences included in the training would increase participants’ sexual harassment and assault prevention knowledge, self-efficacy, behavioural intention, and behaviour after the training compared to a control group of their peers. Treatment–control and pre-post training survey data indicate that the training increased participants’ sexual harassment and assault prevention knowledge and prevention self-efficacy, and, to a lesser extent, behavioural intention. These increases persisted several months after the training for knowledge and self-efficacy. While we did not detect differences in the effect of the training for different groups, interestingly, post-hoc tests indicated that women and members of underrepresented racial groups generally scored lower compared to male and white respondents, suggesting that these groups self-assess their own capabilities differently. Finally, participants’ likelihood to report incidents increased after the training but institutional reports remained low, emphasizing the importance of efforts to transform reporting systems and develop better methods to measure bystander actions. These results support the utility of a peer-led interactive intervention for improving workplace culture and safety in scientific fieldwork settings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-023-49203-0","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.R., Zavaleta, E.S., Beltran, R.S., Esparza, M., Payne, A., Termin, V., Thompson, J., and Jones, M.S., 2024, Testing the effectiveness of interactive training on sexual harassment and assault in field science: Scientific Reports, v. 14, 523, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49203-0.","productDescription":"523, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159122","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49203-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":430050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Melissa R.","contributorId":338415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronin","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zavaleta, Erika S.","contributorId":338416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zavaleta","given":"Erika","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beltran, Roxanne S.","contributorId":338418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beltran","given":"Roxanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esparza, Melanie","contributorId":338421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Esparza","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Payne, Allison","contributorId":338424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Payne","given":"Allison","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Termin, Valerie","contributorId":338429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Termin","given":"Valerie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81126,"text":"California Department of Fish & Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thompson, Joseph","contributorId":338431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81127,"text":"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jones, Megan Siobhan 0000-0002-4284-3650","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-3650","contributorId":294651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"Siobhan","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70250830,"text":"ofr20231098 - 2024 - Developing and implementing an International Macroseismic Scale (IMS) for earthquake engineering, earthquake science, and rapid damage assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-09T16:15:18.237937","indexId":"ofr20231098","displayToPublicDate":"2024-01-08T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-1098","displayTitle":"Developing and Implementing an International Macroseismic Scale (IMS) for Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Science, and Rapid Damage Assessment","title":"Developing and implementing an International Macroseismic Scale (IMS) for earthquake engineering, earthquake science, and rapid damage assessment","docAbstract":"Macroseismic observations and analysis connect our collective seismological past with the present and the present to the future by facilitating hazard estimates and communicating the effects of ground shaking to a wide variety of audiences across the ages. Invaluable ground shaking and building damage information is gained through standardized, systematic approaches for assigning intensities and, importantly, sharing and archiving those assignments in a reproducible form. The applications for these assignments are far reaching. Traditional macroseismic surveys provide vital constraints on critical aspects of earthquakes and their effects on society, whereas internet-based macroseismic datasets are extremely valuable for real-time earthquake situational awareness, and they contribute to later engineering loss and risk analyses. These important applications of macroseismic observations would be helped by revisiting traditional macroseismic surveys for modern environments, standardizing internet-based collection strategies, and ensuring compatibility between traditional and internet-based approaches of macroseismic data collection.
Even with best practices, we have identified several limitations with modern macroseismic data collection approaches, particularly from the U.S. Geological Survey's perspective. First, whereas crowdsourced, internet-based intensities such as “Did You Feel It?” are robust and definitive for lower intensities, they are poorly defined above intensity VII, where damage observations may require expert knowledge of each building’s structural system.
Second, in the United States, we use the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale, which is consistent with—yet inferior to—the more recently developed European Macroseismic Scale (EMS–98; Grünthal and others, 1998). Similarly, New Zealand uses the New Zealand MMI Scale (Dowrick and others, 2008), which lacks detail on how to assign intensities above MMI VIII. The EMS–98 fundamentally advanced the science of macroseismic intensity assignment by requiring quantitative assessments at each location through consistent application on statistical ranges of well-defined damage grades to building-specific vulnerability classes. Lastly, the United States and New Zealand no longer have professionals dedicated to conducting traditional macroseismic field surveys, so a strategy is needed for allowing postearthquake building inspectors and insurance loss assessors to contribute to intensity assignments.
The goals of our International Macroseismic Scale workshop were thus twofold. First, harmonize the MMI Scale with EMS–98 for the United States and New Zealand—which share several similar building types—by considering those structures and associated damage grades that are not well represented in the current EMS–98 building vulnerability class table. Second, begin to formalize the process of augmenting EMS–98 with new regional building classes and damage grades toward the development of a macroseismic scale that can be used globally, beyond the United States and New Zealand. Such an effort necessarily requires reviewing and expanding the original EMS–98 explanatory documents and consideration of any required revisions. We can build on the shoulders of giants in that a few of the original EMS–98 developers and experts participated in and were integral to our workshop. Their background and guidance were key in moving forward toward an international scale.
We agreed that additional building vulnerability classes, damage grades, and written and pictorial descriptions are necessary and ideally accompanied by a detailed paper trail for other nations to follow. If we can improve the macroseismic assignment process in both nations, we can also aim to refine the process of collecting postearthquake impact data, a boon to many engineering and financial concerns.
The benefits of a truly International Macroseismic Scale are considerable for both the engineering and seismology communities. A modern macroseismic scale requires more deliberate archival damage data collection, motivating more consistent and accessible postevent datasets that would have applications beyond the specific event. Applying field-collected building damage data toward macroseismic assignments would allow for increased coordination between engineering reconnaissance teams and local inspectors in collecting such data for official purposes. In addition, rapid and consistent intensity assignments globally would enable more accurate ShakeMaps—and thus improved earthquake engineering and geotechnical forensics, loss and risk estimates, and correlations between macroseismic intensity and ground motion parameters.
A brief summary of the Powell Center IMS workshop was published by Wald and others (2023) in the magazine Eos. This Open-File Report describes the workshop, its discussions, and its outcomes in detail. In summarizing the workshop, we have added important background material and reflections for proper context.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231098","usgsCitation":"Wald, D.J., Goded, T., Hortacsu, A., and Loos, S.C., 2024, Developing and implementing an International Macroseismic Scale (IMS) for earthquake engineering, earthquake science, and rapid damage assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1098, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231098.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-149203","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424198,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1098/images"},{"id":424196,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1098/ofr20231098.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1098"},{"id":424195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1098/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":424207,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231098/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2023-1098"},{"id":424199,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1098/ofr20231098.xml"}],"contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 966
Denver, CO 80225
Urban stream restoration requires a quantitative understanding of hydromodification to provide a scientific basis for establishing, prioritizing, and monitoring stream quality improvement goals. A study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Johnson County Urban stream restoration benefits from a quantitative understanding of hydromodification to provide a scientific basis for establishing, prioritizing, and monitoring stream quality improvement goals. A study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Johnson County Stormwater Management Program, began in 2017 to assess streamflow conditions at U.S. Geological Survey streamgages along Indian and Kill Creeks in Johnson County, Kansas. These streams represent the most urban (Indian Creek) and least urban (Kill Creek) drainage basins in the county. The assessment used 40 streamflow indicators to characterize streamflow conditions for both streams and quantify the degree of hydromodification for Indian Creek. The 40 streamflow indicators consisted of 35 commonly used indicators for characterizing streamflow, 2 less common seasonality indicators, and 3 other indicators based on duration curves, runoff hydrographs, and streamflow percentile classes. The indicators represented five key components of the natural streamflow regime: magnitude, frequency, duration, timing, and rate of change. As part of the study, indicators were evaluated as to general utility for characterizing streamflow conditions, quantifying hydromodification, and assessing the effectiveness of implemented management practices intended to restore urban streams. Results identifying indicators that serve these purposes could be applied more generally to other streams in Johnson County to assess hydromodification and potential restoration opportunities. Although the same set of streamflow indicators may not apply to other regions, methods and results presented in this report provide guidance, techniques, and perspective for future related or similar studies elsewhere, particularly those designed to quantify hydromodification of urban streams and monitor the effectiveness of restoration efforts.
Compared to Kill Creek, which, for the purposes of this study, was considered representative of a least disturbed rural reference condition, Indian Creek hydrology was determined to be substantially modified because of urbanization. Of the 35 streamflow indicators evaluated, 19 indicated a generally consistent and substantial difference between the 2 streams. Hydromodification of Indian Creek was characterized by larger annual mean and monthly mean streamflows (and, thus, larger streamflow volumes), larger low streamflows of shorter duration, larger high streamflows with increased frequency and shorter duration, faster rise and fall rates, and decreased seasonality of high and low streamflows. For the two seasonality indicators, seasonality of high and low streamflows decreased. Duration curves, runoff event hydrographs, and streamflow percentile classes also indicated differences between the two streams for specific ranges of streamflow.
Indicators that were useful in identifying generally consistent and substantial differences between the two streams, and therefore demonstrating they collectively or individually may be indicators of hydromodification, included annual median and mean flows; monthly mean flows for February, July, August, September, October, November, and December; all the minimum mean flow indictors (1-day, 3-day, 7-day, 30-day, and 90-day); annual number and mean magnitude of peak flows; some of the flow pulse indicators; and rise and fall rates. Indicators determined to be marginally useful or not useful for identifying consistent and substantial streamflow differences between streams included the flashiness indicators Richards-Baker flashiness index and the fraction of the year the daily mean flow is greater than the annual mean flow, which was not expected.
Municipalities are challenged by the need to restore stream quality in urbanized areas where options are limited because of existing development. Understanding hydromodification effects and implications for stream quality can help managers plan urban development that minimizes degradation of stream quality and provides insights for implementing effective management practices. Streamflow indicators identified in this report can be used to guide urban stream restoration. In particular, the most useful indicators could form the basis of numeric criteria for restoration goals aimed at achieving or progressing toward more natural streamflow conditions—and, by extension, more healthy ecosystems—by characterizing flow conditions, quantifying hydromodification, establishing stream-restoration goals, and monitoring progress toward achieving those goals as management practices are implemented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235063","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Johnson County Stormwater Management Program","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, T.J., Juracek, K.E., Eslick, P.J., Eng, K., and Kellenberger, L.J., 2024, Streamflow characterization and hydromodification, Indian and Kill Creek Basins, Johnson County, Kansas, 1985–2018: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5063, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235063.","productDescription":"Report: v, 44 p.; 1 Appendix; 2 Tables; Dataset","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-114771","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424135,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5063/sir20235063.XML"},{"id":424140,"rank":8,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5063/downloads/sir20235063_table3.1.xlsx","text":"Table 3.1","size":"112 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":424139,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5063/downloads/sir20235063_table2.1.csv","text":"Table 2.1","size":"10.5 kB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":424133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5063/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":424134,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5063/sir20235063.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023–5063"},{"id":499323,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115947.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":424143,"rank":11,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235063/full"},{"id":424142,"rank":10,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":424136,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5063/images/"},{"id":424137,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5063/downloads/sir20235063_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"606 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":424138,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5063/downloads/sir20235063_table2.1.xlsx","text":"Table 2.1","size":"40.8 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":424141,"rank":9,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5063/downloads/sir20235063_table3.1.csv","text":"Table 3.1","size":"51.4 kB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Johnson County","otherGeospatial":"Indian and Kill Creek Basins","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-94.6075,39.0437],[-94.6075,39.0399],[-94.6082,38.8463],[-94.6084,38.8341],[-94.6102,38.7376],[-95.0572,38.7395],[-95.0558,38.9816],[-95.0477,38.9778],[-95.0383,38.9771],[-95.0312,38.9773],[-95.0292,38.9813],[-95.0271,38.9881],[-95.0249,38.9962],[-95.0189,38.9987],[-95.0135,38.9991],[-95.0077,38.998],[-94.9946,38.9976],[-94.9899,38.997],[-94.9841,38.995],[-94.9789,38.9926],[-94.9755,38.9885],[-94.9704,38.9851],[-94.9645,38.9832],[-94.9575,38.982],[-94.9527,38.9828],[-94.9479,38.9845],[-94.9448,38.9871],[-94.9423,38.9898],[-94.9386,38.9933],[-94.9367,38.9964],[-94.9335,38.9995],[-94.9264,38.9998],[-94.9217,38.9996],[-94.9176,38.9977],[-94.9209,38.9919],[-94.923,38.9856],[-94.9207,38.9837],[-94.9164,38.9859],[-94.9115,38.9889],[-94.9078,38.9924],[-94.9014,39.0022],[-94.8989,39.0053],[-94.8945,39.0102],[-94.8919,39.0155],[-94.891,39.021],[-94.8875,39.0313],[-94.8824,39.0379],[-94.8768,39.0441],[-94.8681,39.052],[-94.8631,39.0564],[-94.8488,39.0578],[-94.8318,39.0546],[-94.8131,39.0486],[-94.8038,39.0456],[-94.7197,39.0435],[-94.6693,39.0433],[-94.6075,39.0437]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Johnson\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
The free-living thermophilic amoeba Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri) causes the highly fatal disease primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. The environmental conditions that are favorable to the growth and proliferation of N. fowleri are not well-defined, especially in northern regions of the United States. In this study, we used culture-based methods and multiple molecular approaches to detect and analyzeN. fowleri and other Naegleria spp. in water, sediment, and biofilm samples from five hot spring sites in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, U.S.A. These results provide the first detections of N. fowleri in Grand Teton National Park and provide new insights into the distribution of pathogenic N. fowleri and other nonpathogenic Naegleria spp. in natural thermal water systems in northern latitudes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.3c00650","usgsCitation":"Barnhart, E.P., Kinsey, S., Wright, P.R., Caldwell Eldridge, S.L., Hill, V., Kahler, A., Mattioli, M., Cornman, R.S., Iwanowicz, D.D., Eddy, Z., Halonen, S., Mueller, R.C., Peyton, B., and Puzon, G., 2024, Naegleria fowleri detected in Grand Teton National Park hot springs: ACS ES&T Water, v. 4, no. 2, p. 628-637, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.3c00650.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"628","endPage":"637","ipdsId":"IP-151893","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425470,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":440765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.3c00650","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"United 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Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally","docAbstract":"Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are often used to model multi-state capture-recapture data in ecology. However, a variety of HMM modeling approaches and software exist, including both maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The diversity of these methods obscures the underlying HMM and can exaggerate minor differences in parameterization.
In this paper, we describe a general framework for modelling multi-state capture-recapture data via HMMs using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. We then apply an HMM to invasive silver carp telemetry data from the Illinois River and compare the results estimated by both methods.
Our analysis demonstrates disadvantages of relying on a single approach and highlights insights obtained from implementing both methods together. While both methods often struggled to converge, our results show biologically informative priors for Bayesian methods and initial values for maximum likelihood methods can guide convergence toward realistic solutions. Incorporating prior knowledge of the system can successfully constrain estimation to biologically realistic movement and detection probabilities when dealing with sparse data.
Biologically unrealistic estimates may be a sign of poor model convergence. In contrast, consistent convergence behavior across approaches can increase the credibility of a model. Estimates of movement probabilities can strongly influence the predicted population dynamics of a system. Therefore, thoroughly assessing results from HMMs is important when evaluating potential management strategies, particularly for invasive species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s40462-023-00434-w","usgsCitation":"Labuzzetta, C.J., Coulter, A.A., and Erickson, R.A., 2024, Comparing maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods for fitting hidden Markov models to multi-state capture-recapture data of invasive carp in the Illinois River: Ecology Movement, v. 12, 2, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-023-00434-w.","productDescription":"2, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-150787","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-023-00434-w","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.0589176022094,\n 38.26712368948924\n ],\n [\n -87.45540197720929,\n 38.26712368948924\n ],\n [\n -87.45540197720929,\n 42.10926577184944\n ],\n [\n -91.0589176022094,\n 42.10926577184944\n ],\n [\n -91.0589176022094,\n 38.26712368948924\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Labuzzetta, Charles J. 0000-0002-6027-0120","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-0120","contributorId":332055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labuzzetta","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coulter, Alison A.","contributorId":90992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coulter","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":26877,"text":"Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70251089,"text":"70251089 - 2024 - Can the planetary health concept save freshwater biodiversity and ecosystems?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-23T12:54:20.120177","indexId":"70251089","displayToPublicDate":"2024-01-08T06:51:08","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17134,"text":"Lancet Planetary Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can the planetary health concept save freshwater biodiversity and ecosystems?","docAbstract":"People clearly need and benefit from healthy freshwater ecosystems; Given the precarious state of these important systems and services, current efforts to address the freshwater biodiversity crisis remain insufficient. Planetary health is an emerging framework that aims to secure the state of natural systems within environmental limits that ensure humanity can flourish. The planetary health concept is tied to the planetary boundaries framework in which various ecological thresholds are identified with the goal of constraining human activity to within those boundaries (so-called safe operating spaces). Freshwater systems are influenced by some planetary-scale processes like the climate systems and phosphorus and nitrogen cycles. Nonetheless, safe boundaries to guide the conservation and management of freshwater ecosystems need to consider their uneven distribution around the globe, and their ecological and hydrologic limits, which are often site and context dependent. Efforts to down-scale planetary boundaries concepts to the management of freshwater recreational fisheries at the lake scale, suggest that there are opportunities for rethinking planetary health as a nested cross-scale approach from the planet to the watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00275-9","usgsCitation":"Cooke, S., Lynch, A., Tickner, D., Abell, R., Dalu, T., Fiorella, K.J., Raghavan, R., Harrison, I.J., Jahnig, S.C., Vollmer, D., and Carpenter, S., 2024, Can the planetary health concept save freshwater biodiversity and ecosystems?: Lancet Planetary Health, v. 8, no. 1, p. e2-e3, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00275-9.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"e2","endPage":"e3","ipdsId":"IP-156822","costCenters":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00275-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":424737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooke, Steven J.","contributorId":56132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[{"id":36574,"text":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynch, Abigail J. 0000-0001-8449-8392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-8392","contributorId":220490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Abigail","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tickner, David","contributorId":224152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tickner","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37767,"text":"World Wildlife Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abell, Robin","contributorId":152400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abell","given":"Robin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":893056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dalu, Tatenda","contributorId":332550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dalu","given":"Tatenda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79488,"text":"University of Mpumalanga","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fiorella, Kathryn J.","contributorId":268093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fiorella","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Raghavan, Rajeev","contributorId":250656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raghavan","given":"Rajeev","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50216,"text":"Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harrison, Ian J.","contributorId":200864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":893060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jahnig, Sonja C.","contributorId":211858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jahnig","given":"Sonja","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":38332,"text":"Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vollmer, Derek","contributorId":333549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vollmer","given":"Derek","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55551,"text":"WWF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Carpenter, Steve","contributorId":333550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70250932,"text":"70250932 - 2024 - Subsurface redox interactions regulate ebullitive methane flux in heterogeneous Mississippi River deltaic wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-13T15:05:43.092673","indexId":"70250932","displayToPublicDate":"2024-01-07T09:03:34","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5407,"text":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface redox interactions regulate ebullitive methane flux in heterogeneous Mississippi River deltaic wetland","docAbstract":"As interfaces connecting terrestrial and ocean ecosystems, coastal wetlands develop temporally and spatially complex redox conditions, which drive uncertainties in greenhouse gas emission as well as the total carbon budget of the coastal ecosystem. To evaluate the role of complex redox reactions in methane emission from coastal wetlands, a coupled reactive-transport model was configured to represent subsurface biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, along with production and transport of multiple gas species through diffusion and ebullition. This model study was conducted at multiple sites along a salinity gradient in the Barataria Basin at the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain. Over a freshwater to saline gradient, simulated total flux of methane was primarily controlled by its subsurface production and consumption, which were determined by redox reactions directly (e.g., methanogenesis, methanotrophy) and indirectly (e.g., competition with sulfate reduction) under aerobic and/or anaerobic conditions. At fine spatiotemporal scales, surface methane fluxes were also strongly dependent on transport processes, with episodic ebullitive fluxes leading to higher spatial and temporal variability compared to the gradient-driven diffusion flux. Ebullitive methane fluxes were determined by methane fraction in total ebullitive gas and the frequency of ebullitive events, both of which varied with subsurface methane concentrations and other gas species. Although ebullition thresholds are constrained by local physical factors, this study indicates that redox interactions not only determine gas composition in ebullitive fluxes but can also regulate ebullition frequency through gas production.
Studies of recovery from acidic deposition have focused on reversal of acidification and its associated effects, but as recovery proceeds slowly, chemical dilution of surface waters is emerging as a key factor in the recovery process that has significant chemical and biological implications. This investigation uses long-term chemical records from 130 streams in the Adirondack region of New York, USA, to evaluate the role of ongoing decreases in conductance, an index of dilution, in the recovery of these streams. Stream chemistry data spanning up to 40 years (1980s–2022) showed that acid-neutralizing capacity has increased in 92% of randomly selected streams, but that harmful levels of acidification still occur in 37% of these streams. Conductance and Ca2+ concentrations decreased in 79% of streams, and SO42− concentrations in streams continued to show strong decreases but remained several times higher than concentrations in precipitation. These changes were ongoing through 2022 even though acidic deposition levels were approaching those estimated for pre-industrialization. Further dilution is continuing through ongoing decreases in stream SO42−. Nevertheless, Ca2+ continued to be leached from soils by SO42−, organic acids and NO3−, limiting the replenishment of available soil Ca2+, a prerequisite to stem further dilution of stream water.
Between December 2020 and April 2023, the COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub (SMH) generated operational multi-month projections of COVID-19 burden in the US to guide pandemic planning and decision-making in the context of high uncertainty. This effort was born out of an attempt to coordinate, synthesize and effectively use the unprecedented amount of predictive modeling that emerged throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we describe the history of this massive collective research effort, the process of convening and maintaining an open modeling hub active over multiple years, and attempt to provide a blueprint for future efforts. We detail the process of generating 17 rounds of scenarios and projections at different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, and disseminating results to the public health community and lay public. We also highlight how SMH was expanded to generate influenza projections during the 2022–23 season. We identify key impacts of SMH results on public health and draw lessons to improve future collaborative modeling efforts, research on scenario projections, and the interface between models and policy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epidem.2023.100738","usgsCitation":"Loo, S.L., Howerton, E., Contamin, L., Smith, C.P., Borchering, R.K., Mullany, L.C., Bents, S., Carcelen, E., Jung, S., Bogich, T.L., van Panhuis, W., Kerr, J., Espino, J., Yan, K., Hochheiser, H., Runge, M.C., Shea, K., Lessler, J., Viboud, C., and Truelove, S., 2024, The US COVID-19 and Influenza Scenario Modeling Hubs: Delivering long-term projections to guide policy: Epidemics, v. 46, 100738, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2023.100738.","productDescription":"100738, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-158025","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2023.100738","text":"Publisher Index 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This paper synthesises current knowledge on selecting appropriate modelling approaches for hydrological restoration projects. The selection of a modelling approach is based on project-specific factors, such as costs, risks, and uncertainties, and aligns with the overall project objectives. We provide guidance on model selection, emphasising the use of simpler and less expensive modelling approaches when appropriate, and identifying situations when models may not be required for project managers to make informed decisions. This paper recognises and supports the widespread use of hydrological restoration in coastal wetlands by bridging the gap between hydrological science and restoration practices. It underscores the significance of project objectives, budget, and available data and offers decision-making frameworks, such as decision trees, to aid in matching modelling methods with specific project outcomes.
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Typically, metrics for mapped geologic units are used as model input variables and a single set of values for material strength are assumed, regardless of spatial heterogeneities that may exist within a map unit. Here we describe how differences in bedding thickness, grain size, inferred uniaxial compressive strength, and bedding dip control the inherent susceptibility of slopes to deep-seated failure within a single mapped geologic unit - the Tyee Formation of Oregon, USA. The Tyee, which covers over 15,000 km2 and underlies much of the Oregon Coast Range, comprises gently folded alternating beds of sandstone and siltstone deposited as turbidites, forming a 2-km thick Eocene submarine fan which has been uplifted and exhumed through the Cenozoic. Deep-seated landslides are widespread in the Tyee, but form a complex spatial pattern such that landslide density ranges from 0 to 24% of the total landscape area. These slides are often extensive and sufficiently deep to reduce local hillslope gradients, resulting in a strong negative correlation between landslide density and mean local slope. Mean annual precipitation and predicted strong ground motions from Cascadia earthquake scenarios also fail to explain the spatial distribution of deep-seated landslides. Consequently, landslide stability models, which are strongly influenced by landscape slope, pore-water pressure, and seismic acceleration, yield landslide susceptibility maps which are broadly anti-correlated with mapped deep-seated landslide density. Through a multivariable linear regression model, we show that much of the variance in deep-seated landslide density can be explained by variability of intra-unit stratigraphic and structural characteristics, which we measure at 128 sites across two study areas totaling ∼3000 km2. Our results suggest bedding dip is only weakly correlated to landslide density, but strongly influences landslide failure style. Subtle increases in bedding dip, even in the gently folded Tyee Formation, result in a substantially higher likelihood of a landslide being cataclinal, or parallel to bedding. Overall, we find a slight majority of landslides fail within these cataclinal slopes, and that these landslides tend to be larger than non-cataclinal landslides. We also show that the lithological and structural properties that influence landslide susceptibility are distinct for these two populations of landslides. Our results demonstrate how localized, intra-unit, geologic variability can exert strong control on landslide susceptibility and failure style. This suggests that in some locations, landslide hazard models could be significantly improved by incorporating detailed, spatially variable, geologic properties rather than relying solely on generalized geologic map units.
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