We present photomosaics and logs of the walls of trenches excavated for a paleoseismic study at Thousand Palms Oasis (Fig. 1). The site \nis located on the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas fault zone, one of two major active strands of the fault in the Indio Hills along the \nnortheast margin of the Coachella Valley (Fig. 2). The Coachella Valley section is the most poorly understood major part of the San Andreas \nfault with regard to slip rate and timing of past large-magnitude earthquakes, and therefore earthquake hazard. No large earthquakes have \noccurred for more than three centuries, the longest elapsed time for any part of the southern San Andreas fault. In spite of this, the Working \nGroup on California Earthquake Probabilities (1995) assigned the lowest 30-year conditional probability on the southern San Andreas fault \nto the Coachella Valley. Models of the behavior of this part of the fault, however, have been based on very limited geologic data.
\nThe Thousand Palms Oasis is an attractive location for paleoseismic study primarily because of the well-bedded late Holocene \nsedimentary deposits with abundant layers of organic matter for radiocarbon dating necessary to constrain the timing of large prehistoric \nearthquakes. Previous attempts to develop a chronology of paleoearthquakes for the region have been hindered by the scarcity of in-situ 14C-dateable \nmaterial for age control in this desert environment. Also, the fault in the vicinity of Thousand Palms Oasis consists of a single trace \nthat is well expressed, both geomorphically and as a vegetation lineament (Figs. 2, 3). Results of our investigations are discussed in Fumal et \nal. (2002) and indicate that four and probably five surface-rupturing earthquakes occurred along this part of the fault during the past 1200 \nyears. The average recurrence time for these earthquakes is 215 ± 25 years, although interevent times may have been as short as a few \ndecades or as long as 400 years. Thus, although the elapsed time since the most recent earthquake, about 320 years, is about 50% longer than \nthe average recurrence time, it is not necessarily unprecedented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03449","usgsCitation":"Fumal, T.E., Frost, W.T., Garvin, C., Hamilton, J.C., Jaasma, M., and Rymer, M.J., 2004, Photomosaics and logs of trenches on the San Andreas Fault, Thousand Palms Oasis, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-449, 2 Sheets: 69.66 x 34.51 inches and 69.02 x 34.12 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03449.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 69.66 x 34.51 inches and 69.02 x 34.12 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03449.jpg"},{"id":4835,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0449/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283951,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0449/pdf/sheet1.pdf"},{"id":283952,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0449/pdf/sheet2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coachella Valley;Thousand Palms Oasis","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.7969,33.2995 ], [ -116.7969,34.3 ], [ -115.6596,34.3 ], [ -115.6596,33.2995 ], [ -116.7969,33.2995 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685dd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fumal, Thomas E.","contributorId":67882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fumal","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frost, William T.","contributorId":51372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garvin, Christopher","contributorId":19222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garvin","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, John C. jhamilton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"John","email":"jhamilton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaasma, Monique","contributorId":70470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaasma","given":"Monique","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rymer, Michael J. mrymer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","email":"mrymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":54145,"text":"ofr99172 - 2004 - Preliminary Digital Geologic Map of the Santa Ana 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:05","indexId":"ofr99172","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-172","title":"Preliminary Digital Geologic Map of the Santa Ana 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Southern California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99172","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Morton, D.M., digital preparation by Bovard, K.R., and Alvarez, R.M., 2004, Preliminary Digital Geologic Map of the Santa Ana 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Southern California (version 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-172, database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99172.","productDescription":"database","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109853,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22574.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"22574"},{"id":181558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5591,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-172/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"version 2.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e700","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, D. M. (compiler)","contributorId":106148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"D.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"digital preparation by Bovard, Kelly R.","contributorId":86847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"digital preparation by Bovard","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alvarez, Rachel M.","contributorId":74451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":58127,"text":"ofr20041341 - 2004 - Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water-quality investigation. 16. Quality assurance and quality control for water analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-09T16:19:45","indexId":"ofr20041341","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1341","title":"Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water-quality investigation. 16. Quality assurance and quality control for water analyses","docAbstract":"The Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation has the main objective of inferring the ground-water chemistry at an active mine site. Hence, existing ground-water chemistry and its quality assurance and quality control is of crucial importance to this study and a substantial effort was spent on this activity. Analyses of seventy-two blanks demonstrated that contamination from processing, handling, and analyses were minimal. Blanks collected using water deionized with anion and cation exchange resins contained elevated concentrations of boron (0.17 milligrams per liter (mg/L)) and silica (3.90 mg/L), whereas double-distilled water did not. Boron and silica were not completely retained by the resins because they can exist as uncharged species in water. Chloride was detected in ten blanks, the highest being 3.9 mg/L, probably as the result of washing bottles, filter apparatuses, and tubing with hydrochloric acid. Sulfate was detected in seven blanks; the highest value was 3.0 mg/L, most likely because of carryover from the high sulfate waters sampled. With only a few exceptions, the remaining blank analyses were near or below method detection limits. Analyses of standard reference water samples by cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry, ion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, FerroZine, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, hydride generation atomic spectrometry, and titration provided an accuracy check. For constituents greater than 10 times the detection limit, 95 percent of the samples had a percent error of less than 8.5. For constituents within 10 percent of the detection limit, the percent error often increased as a result of measurement imprecision. Charge imbalance was calculated using WATEQ4F and 251 out of 257 samples had a charge imbalance less than 11.8 percent. The charge imbalance for all samples ranged from -16 to 16 percent. Spike recoveries were performed by spiking ground-water samples from SC2B, SC3A, SC3B, CC2A, and Hottentot with a mixed-element standard and then analyzing them by ICP-OES. The mean recovery for all the constituents by ICP-OES was 103 percent with a standard deviation of 16 percent. Fifteen surface- and ground-water sequential duplicates were collected from Straight Creek, Hottentot, and the Red River from 2002 to 2003. Except for chloride from well SC5B and low concentrations of iron (<0.05 mg/L) and aluminum (<0.01 mg/L), constituents of sequential duplicates are generally within 10 percent of each other. Analytical results from different methods and different laboratories, with rare exceptions, were within 10 percent. Chromium analyses were in poor agreement when comparing analyses from the USGS and a contract laboratory, but USGS analyses by ICP-OES and ICP-MS were usually within 10 percent for chromium concentrations above 0.03 mg/L and analyses by ICP-OES and GFAAS were usually within 15 percent for chromium concentrations as much as 0.1 mg/L.
Filtration studies also were performed to study the effects of filtration apparatuses (Minitan, plate, capsule, and syringe), pore sizes, and timing on dissolved metal concentrations. Except for iron and aluminum, constituents with concentrations greater than about 0.05 mg/L were generally not affected by the filtration apparatus, membrane pore-size, and filtration delays. Iron, aluminum, and some dissolved metals concentrations less than about 0.05 mg/L, especially copper, were generally lowest in filtrates from the tangential flow Minitan system containing a filter membrane with a pore size of 10,000 Daltons. As part of a filtration timing study, grab samples were collected from two sites along the Red River and were processed immediately and then again 1 to 3 hours later. Aluminum and iron colloids formed during the delay in the sample collected at the USGS gaging station and, after the delay, 0.1-ìm filtrate aluminum and iron concentrations approached the ultrafiltrate (Minitan) concentrations. In the upstream site below Fawn Lakes, aluminum in the 0.1-ìm filtrate decreased but did not decrease in the 0.45-ìm filtrate, signifying that the colloids formed during the delay are between 0.1 and 0.45 ìm. Dissolved nickel and pH also decreased in both samples during the delay. Except for ferrous iron and barium, a sequential filtration study 2 demonstrated that water collected from the Red River at the gage did not affect dissolved metal concentrations with increasing sample volume passing through a plate filter with 0.45- or 0.1-ìm membranes. Barium and ferrous iron both slightly decreased in the filtrate from the 0.45-ìm filter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041341","usgsCitation":"McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., and Naus, C.A., 2004, Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water-quality investigation. 16. Quality assurance and quality control for water analyses: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1341, 115 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041341.","productDescription":"115 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":353002,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1341/pdf/ofr2004-1341b.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":5747,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1341/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a065","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naus, Cheryl A.","contributorId":82749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naus","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53270,"text":"ofr03285 - 2004 - SutraGUI, a graphical-user interface for SUTRA, a model for ground-water flow with solute or energy transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-16T11:11:58","indexId":"ofr03285","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-285","title":"SutraGUI, a graphical-user interface for SUTRA, a model for ground-water flow with solute or energy transport","docAbstract":"This report describes SutraGUI, a flexible graphical user-interface (GUI) that supports two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) simulation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) SUTRA ground-water-flow and transport model (Voss and Provost, 2002). SutraGUI allows the user to create SUTRA ground-water models graphically. SutraGUI provides all of the graphical functionality required for setting up and running SUTRA simulations that range from basic to sophisticated, but it is also possible for advanced users to apply programmable features within Argus ONE to meet the unique demands of particular ground-water modeling projects. SutraGUI is a public-domain computer program designed to run with the proprietary Argus ONE? package, which provides 2D Geographic Information System (GIS) and meshing support. For 3D simulation, GIS and meshing support is provided by programming contained within SutraGUI. When preparing a 3D SUTRA model, the model and all of its features are viewed within Argus 1 in 2D projection. For 2D models, SutraGUI is only slightly changed in functionality from the previous 2D-only version (Voss and others, 1997) and it provides visualization of simulation results. In 3D, only model preparation is supported by SutraGUI, and 3D simulation results may be viewed in SutraPlot (Souza, 1999) or Model Viewer (Hsieh and Winston, 2002). A comprehensive online Help system is included in SutraGUI. For 3D SUTRA models, the 3D model domain is conceptualized as bounded on the top and bottom by 2D surfaces. The 3D domain may also contain internal surfaces extending across the model that divide the domain into tabular units, which can represent hydrogeologic strata or other features intended by the user. These surfaces can be non-planar and non-horizontal. The 3D mesh is defined by one or more 2D meshes at different elevations that coincide with these surfaces. If the nodes in the 3D mesh are vertically aligned, only a single 2D mesh is needed. For nonaligned meshes, two or more 2D meshes of similar connectivity are used. Between each set of 2D meshes (and model surfaces), the vertical space in the 3D mesh is evenly divided into a user-specified number of layers of finite elements. Boundary conditions may be specified for 3D models in SutraGUI using a variety of geometric shapes that may be located freely within the 3D model domain. These shapes include points, lines, sheets, and solids. These are represented by 2D contours (within the vertically-projected Argus ONE view) with user-defined elevations. In addition, boundary conditions may be specified for 3D models as points, lines, and areas that are located exactly within the surfaces that define the model top and the bottoms of the tabular units. Aquifer properties may be specified separately for each tabular unit. If the aquifer properties vary vertically within a unit, SutraGUI provides the Sutra_Z function that can be used to specify such variation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03285","usgsCitation":"Winston, R.B., and Voss, C.I., 2004, SutraGUI, a graphical-user interface for SUTRA, a model for ground-water flow with solute or energy transport: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-285, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03285.","productDescription":"114 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4976,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/sutra-gui/SutraGUI.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winston, Richard B. 0000-0002-6287-8834 rbwinst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6287-8834","contributorId":3567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winston","given":"Richard","email":"rbwinst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50454,"text":"ofr01468 - 2004 - Lahar Hazards at Casita and San Cristóbal Volcanoes, Nicaragua","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-16T14:10:59","indexId":"ofr01468","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-468","title":"Lahar Hazards at Casita and San Cristóbal Volcanoes, Nicaragua","docAbstract":"Casita and San Cristóbal volcanoes are part of a volcano complex situated at the eastern end of the Cordillera de los Maribios. Other centers of volcanism in the complex include El Chonco, Cerro Moyotepe, and La Pelona. At 1745 m, San Cristóbal is the highest and only historically active volcano of the complex. The volcano’s crater is 500 to 600 m across and elongate east to west; its western rim is more than 100 m higher than its eastern rim. The conical volcano is both steep and symmetrical. El Chonco, which lies west of San Cristóbal, is crudely conical but has been deeply dissected by streams. Cerro Moyotepe to the northeast of San Cristóbal is even more deeply incised by erosion than El Chonco, and its crater is breached by erosion. Casita volcano, about 5 km east of San Cristóbal volcano, comprises a broad ridge like form, elongate along an eastwest axis, that is deeply dissected. Nested along the ridge are two craters. The younger one, La Ollada crater, truncates an older smaller crater to the east near Casita’s summit (1430 m). La Ollada crater is about 1 km across and 100 m deep. Numerous small fumarole fields occur near the summit of Casita and on nearby slopes outside of the craters. Casita volcano overlaps the 3-km-wide crater of La Pelona to the east. Stream erosion has deeply incised the slopes of La Pelona, and it is likely the oldest center of the Casita-San Cristóbal volcano complex. In late October and early November 1998, torrential rains of Hurricane Mitch caused numerous slope failures in Central America. The most catastrophic occurred at Casita volcano, on October 30, 1998. At Casita, five days of heavy rain triggered a 1.6-million-cubic-meter rock and debris avalanche that generated an 2- to 4- million-cubic-meter debris flow that swept down the steep slopes of the volcano. The debris flow spread out across the volcano’s apron, destroyed two towns, and killed more than 2500 people. In prehistoric time, Casita erupted explosively to form ash-fall deposits (tephra), debris avalanches, lava flows, and hot flowing mixtures of ash and rock (called pyroclastic flows). The chronology of activity at Casita is rather poorly known. Its last documented eruption occurred 8300 years ago, and included a pyroclastic flow. Tephra deposits exposed in the east crater suggest the possibility of subsequent eruptions. Work prior to Hurricane Mitch suggested that a part of the volcano’s apron that included the area inundated during the 1998 event south of Casita was a lahar pathway. Erosion during Hurricane Mitch revealed that at least three large lahars descended this pathway to distances of up to 10 km. This report describes the hazards of landslides and lahars in general, and discusses potential hazards from future landslides and lahars at San Cristóbal and Casita volcanoes in particular. The report also shows, in the accompanying lahar hazard-zonation maps, which areas are likely to be at risk from future landslides and lahars at Casita and San Cristóbal.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01468","usgsCitation":"Vallance, J., Schilling, S., Devoli, G., Reid, M., Howell, M., and Brien, D., 2004, Lahar Hazards at Casita and San Cristóbal Volcanoes, Nicaragua: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-468, Report: iv, 18 p.; Plate 1: 35.18 inches x 30.33 inches, Plate 2: 34.13 inches x 32.69 inches, Plate 3: 34.29 inches x 32.59 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01468.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 18 p.; Plate 1: 35.18 inches x 30.33 inches, Plate 2: 34.13 inches x 32.69 inches, Plate 3: 34.29 inches x 32.59 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280332,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0468/"},{"id":280334,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0468/pdf/of2001-0468_plate1.pdf"},{"id":280333,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0468/pdf/of2001-0468.pdf"},{"id":280335,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0468/pdf/of2001-0468_plate2.pdf"},{"id":280336,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0468/pdf/of2001-0468_plate3.pdf"}],"country":"Nicaragua","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.042446,12.660438 ], [ -87.042446,12.721396 ], [ -86.942196,12.721396 ], [ -86.942196,12.660438 ], [ -87.042446,12.660438 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b43af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vallance, J.W.","contributorId":45336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schilling, S. P.","contributorId":42606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Devoli, G.","contributorId":42632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devoli","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reid, M.E.","contributorId":108130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howell, M.M.","contributorId":95109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brien, D.L.","contributorId":43027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brien","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":58324,"text":"ofr20041364 - 2004 - Electrical property measurements of the Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of the Permian phosporia formation, Caribou County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20041364","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1364","title":"Electrical property measurements of the Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of the Permian phosporia formation, Caribou County, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041364","usgsCitation":"Horton, R., 2004, Electrical property measurements of the Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of the Permian phosporia formation, Caribou County, Idaho (Version 1.0 ): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1364, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041364.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5920,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1364/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db606f04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, Robert 0000-0001-5578-3733 rhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-3733","contributorId":612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Robert","email":"rhorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58323,"text":"ofr20041431 - 2004 - Spectral variations in rocks and soils containing ferric iron hydroxide and(or) sulfate minerals as seen by AVIRIS and laboratory spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20041431","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1431","title":"Spectral variations in rocks and soils containing ferric iron hydroxide and(or) sulfate minerals as seen by AVIRIS and laboratory spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Analysis of Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data covering the Big Rock Candy Mountain area of the Marysvale volcanic field, west-central Utah, identified abundant rocks and soils bearing jarosite, goethite, and chlorite associated with volcanic rocks altered to propylitic grade during the Miocene (23\u001321 Ma). Propylitically-altered rocks rich in pyrite associated with the relict feeder zones of convecting, shallow hydrothermal systems are currently undergoing supergene oxidation to natrojarosite, kaolinite, and gypsum. Goethite coatings are forming at the expense of jarosite where most pyrite has been consumed through oxidation in alluvium derived from pyrite-bearing zones. Spectral variations in the goethite-bearing rocks that resemble variations found in reference library samples of goethites of varying grain size were observed in the AVIRIS data. Rocks outside of the feeder zones have relatively low pyrite content and are characterized by chlorite, epidote, and calcite, with local copper-bearing quartz-calcite veins. Iron-bearing minerals in these rocks are weathering directly to goethite. \r\n\r\nLaboratory spectral analyses were applied to samples of iron-bearing rock outcrops and alluvium collected from the area to determine the accuracy of the AVIRIS-based mineral identification. The accuracy of the iron mineral identification results obtained by analysis of the AVIRIS data was confirmed. In general, the AVIRIS analysis results were accurate in identifying medium-grained goethite, coarse-grained goethite, medium- to coarse-grained goethite with trace jarosite, and mixtures of goethite and jarosite. However, rock fragments from alluvial areas identified as thin coatings of goethite with the AVIRIS data were found to consist mainly of medium- to coarse-grained goethite based on spectral characteristics in the visible and near-infrared. \r\n\r\nTo determine if goethite abundance contributed to the spectral variations observed in goethite-bearing rocks with AVIRIS data, a laboratory experiment was performed in which spectra were acquired of a goethite-bearing rock while progressively decreasing the areal abundance of the rock with respect to a background of white, fine-grained quartz sand. This experiment found that, with decreasing material abundance, the crystal field absorption feature of goethite near 1.0 micron decreases in depth and narrows more from the long wavelength side of the feature than from the short wavelength side, as is the case in goethite reference spectra as grain size decreases from coarse to fine. \r\n\r\nIn the Marysvale study area, goethite-bearing alluvium downgradient from source outcrops tends to be identified as finer-grained or thin coatings of goethite due to the mineral\u0019s presence in lesser abundance. The goethite-bearing alluvium is a closer match to reference spectra of thin coatings of goethite even though the actual grain size of the contained goethite fragments is medium to coarse grained, the same on average as that from the source outcrops. Coarser-grained goethite most likely will be correctly identified in areas of greater goethite abundance proximal to jarosite-bearing source rock where the surface is relatively free of goethite-free soil components and vegetation that corrupt the goethite spectral response. \r\n\r\nWhen analysis of imaging spectroscopy data is performed using reference spectra of iron minerals of varying grain sizes and mixed compositions, the results are useful not only for purposes of mineral identification, but also for distinguishing goethite-bearing outcrop from alluvial surfaces with similar mineralogy, providing valuable information for geologic, geomorphologic, mineral exploration, and environmental assessment studies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041431","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, B.W., 2004, Spectral variations in rocks and soils containing ferric iron hydroxide and(or) sulfate minerals as seen by AVIRIS and laboratory spectroscopy (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1431, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041431.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5919,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1431/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ca3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617 barnabyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":2195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby","email":"barnabyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58165,"text":"ofr20041328 - 2004 - Selected hydrologic data for Sand Cove Wash, Washington County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T09:51:13","indexId":"ofr20041328","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1328","title":"Selected hydrologic data for Sand Cove Wash, Washington County, Utah","docAbstract":"Southwestern Utah is one of the most arid and fastest growing regions of Utah. Development of new and existing water resources will be required to meet the water needs of the region. Sand Cove Wash, a tributary of the Santa Clara River that flows into Gunlock Reservoir, was investigated as a potential site for diverting peak runoff from the Santa Clara River in order to delay its arrival at the reservoir or to artificially recharge alluvial sediment or the underlying Navajo aquifer. Hydrologic data collected in this study are described and listed in this report. Six boreholes were drilled in Sand Cove
Wash to determine the vertical and spatial distribution of the alluvial deposits and their hydrologic properties. Nine to 13 feet of fine alluvial sand is underlain by 50 to 70 feet of fine silt and clay. Core samples were analyzed for specific conductance of leachates, particle-size distribution, and saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity. Specific-conductance values of leachates ranged from 23 to 2,940 microsiemens per centimeter. Vertical hydraulic-conductivity values from selected samples ranged from 1.92 x 10-4 to 2.5 feet per day.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington County Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Norton, A., and Susong, D.D., 2004, Selected hydrologic data for Sand Cove Wash, Washington County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1328, iv, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041328.","productDescription":"iv, 7 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339524,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1328/PDF/OF2004_1328.pdf"},{"id":5778,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1328/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Sand Cove Wash","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.6667,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -113.7833,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -113.7833,\n 37.31667\n ],\n [\n -113.6667,\n 37.31667\n ],\n [\n -113.6667,\n 37.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9415","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norton, Aaron","contributorId":8175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":58315,"text":"ofr20041408 - 2004 - Incorporating uncertainty into mercury-offset decisions with a probabilistic network for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit holders: An interim report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T18:38:06.021135","indexId":"ofr20041408","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1408","title":"Incorporating uncertainty into mercury-offset decisions with a probabilistic network for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit holders: An interim report","docAbstract":"This interim report describes an alternative approach for evaluating the efficacy of using mercury (Hg) offsets to improve water quality. Hg-offset programs may allow dischargers facing higher-pollution control costs to meet their regulatory obligations by making more cost effective pollutant-reduction decisions. Efficient Hg management requires methods to translate that science and economics into a regulatory decision framework.
This report documents the work in progress by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Western Geographic Science Center in collaboration with Stanford University toward developing this decision framework to help managers, regulators, and other stakeholders decide whether offsets can cost effectively meet the Hg total maximum daily load (TMDL) requirements in the Sacramento River watershed. Two key approaches being considered are: (1) a probabilistic approach that explicitly incorporates scientific uncertainty, cost information, and value judgments; and (2) a quantitative approach that captures uncertainty in testing the feasibility of Hg offsets.
Current fate and transport-process models commonly attempt to predict chemical transformations and transport pathways deterministically. However, the physical, chemical, and biologic processes controlling the fate and transport of Hg in aquatic environments are complex and poorly understood. Deterministic models of Hg environmental behavior contain large uncertainties, reflecting this lack of understanding. The uncertainty in these underlying physical processes may produce similarly large uncertainties in the decisionmaking process. However, decisions about control strategies are still being made despite the large uncertainties in current Hg loadings, the relations between total Hg (HgT) loading and methylmercury (MeHg) formation, and the relations between control efforts and Hg content in fish.
The research presented here focuses on an alternative analytical approach to the current use of safety factors and deterministic methods for Hg TMDL decision support, one that is fully compatible with an adaptive management approach. This alternative approach uses empirical data and informed judgment to provide a scientific and technical basis for helping National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit holders make management decisions. An Hg-offset system would be an option if a wastewater-treatment plant could not achieve NPDES permit requirements for HgT reduction.
We develop a probabilistic decision-analytical model consisting of three submodels for HgT loading, MeHg, and cost mitigation within a Bayesian network that integrates information of varying rigor and detail into a simple model of a complex system. Hg processes are identified and quantified by using a combination of historical data, statistical models, and expert judgment. Such an integrated approach to uncertainty analysis allows easy updating of prediction and inference when observations of model variables are made. We demonstrate our approach with data from the Cache Creek watershed (a subbasin of the Sacramento River watershed).
The empirical models used to generate the needed probability distributions are based on the same empirical models currently being used by the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Cache Creek Hg TMDL working group. The significant difference is that input uncertainty and error are explicitly included in the model and propagated throughout its algorithms. This work demonstrates how to integrate uncertainty into the complex and highly uncertain Hg TMDL decisionmaking process. The various sources of uncertainty are propagated as decision risk that allows decisionmakers to simultaneously consider uncertainties in remediation/implementation costs while attempting to meet environmental/ecologic targets.
We must note that this research is on going. As more data are collected, the HgT and cost-mitigation submodels are updated and the uncertainties may be reduced. Subsequently, the value of using a probabilistic framework for estimating and explicitly stating these uncertainties within a decisionmaking process can be estimated when new data are collected.
Future work includes the design and implementation of a Bayesian network decision support system (BN-DSS) to produce mitigation scenarios for offset-project evaluation in the Cache Creek watershed. The decisionmaker, a wastewater-treatment plant, is expected to evaluate potential Hg-offset programs in terms of changes in HgT load changes, MeHg-production potential, project cost, and other suitability criteria. Subsequently, scenarios can be analyzed by performing sensitivity analyses and ranking environmental and economic uncertainties in terms of the decisionmaker’s preferences and risk choices. Such an analysis allows decisionmakers and stakeholders to explore various scenarios and predict the consequences of different stated preferences over outcomes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041408","usgsCitation":"Wood, A., 2004, Incorporating uncertainty into mercury-offset decisions with a probabilistic network for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit holders: An interim report (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1408, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041408.","productDescription":"75 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5896,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1408/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403201,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70112.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f56b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Alexander","contributorId":41518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54157,"text":"ofr20041214 - 2004 - Dissolved pesticide and organic carbon concentrations detected in surface waters, northern Central Valley, California, 2001-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-09T15:12:37","indexId":"ofr20041214","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1214","displayTitle":"Dissolved Pesticide and Organic Carbon Concentrations Detected in Surface Waters, Northern Central Valley, California, 2001-2002","title":"Dissolved pesticide and organic carbon concentrations detected in surface waters, northern Central Valley, California, 2001-2002","docAbstract":"Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of pesticide mixtures on Chinook salmon under various environmental conditions in surface waters of the northern Central Valley of California. This project was a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the University of California. The project focused on understanding the environmental factors that influence the toxicity of pesticides to juvenile salmon and their prey. During the periods January through March 2001 and January through May 2002, water samples were collected at eight surface water sites in the northern Central Valley of California and analyzed by the USGS for dissolved pesticide and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Water samples were also collected by the USGS at the same sites for aquatic toxicity testing by the Aquatic Toxicity Laboratory at the University of California Davis; however, presentation of the results of these toxicity tests is beyond the scope of this report. Samples were collected to characterize dissolved pesticide and dissolved organic carbon concentrations, and aquatic toxicity, associated with winter storm runoff concurrent with winter run Chinook salmon out-migration. Sites were selected that represented the primary habitat of juvenile Chinook salmon and included major tributaries within the Sacramento and San Joaquin River Basins and the Sacramento?San Joaquin Delta. Water samples were collected daily for a period of seven days during two winter storm events in each year. Additional samples were collected weekly during January through April or May in both years. Concentrations of 31 currently used pesticides were measured in filtered water samples using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry at the U.S. Geological Survey's organic chemistry laboratory in Sacramento, California. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations were analyzed in filtered water samples using a Shimadzu TOC-5000A total organic carbon analyzer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041214","usgsCitation":"Orlando, J., Jacobson, L.A., and Kuivila, K., 2004, Dissolved pesticide and organic carbon concentrations detected in surface waters, northern Central Valley, California, 2001-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1214, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041214.","productDescription":"40 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5603,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1214/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"Northern Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.34374999999999,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -121.46484375,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -119.35546875000001,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -118.47656249999999,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -119.794921875,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -122.34374999999999,\n 40.68063802521456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":95954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, Lisa A.","contributorId":17694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":249350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":54156,"text":"ofr20041074 - 2004 - Flood of June 4, 2002, in the Indian Creek Basin, Linn County, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T13:08:01","indexId":"ofr20041074","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1074","title":"Flood of June 4, 2002, in the Indian Creek Basin, Linn County, Iowa","docAbstract":"Severe flooding occurred on June 4, 2002, in the Indian Creek Basin in Linn County, Iowa, following thunderstorm activity over east-central Iowa. The rain gage at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, recorded a 24-hour rainfall of 4.76 inches at 6:00 p.m. on June 4th. Radar indications estimated as much as 6 inches of rain fell in the headwaters of the Indian Creek Basin. Peak discharges on Indian Creek of 12,500 cubic feet per second at County Home Road north of Marion, Iowa, and 24,300 cubic feet per second at East Post Road in southeast Cedar Rapids, were determined for the flood. The recurrence interval for these peak discharges both exceed the theoretical 500-year flood as computed using flood-estimation equations developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Information about the basin and flood history, the 2002 thunderstorms and associated flooding, and a profile of high-water marks are presented for selected reaches along Indian and Dry Creeks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041074","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa Highway Research Board (Project HR-140)","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., 2004, Flood of June 4, 2002, in the Indian Creek Basin, Linn County, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1074, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041074.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5602,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Linn","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.3649,42.2964],[-91.3651,42.2082],[-91.3653,42.1215],[-91.3661,42.0343],[-91.3669,41.948],[-91.3677,41.8603],[-91.4836,41.8608],[-91.5989,41.8612],[-91.716,41.862],[-91.8318,41.8617],[-91.8329,41.9485],[-91.8338,42.0366],[-91.8342,42.1242],[-91.8328,42.2087],[-91.8319,42.2987],[-91.7153,42.2971],[-91.5969,42.2959],[-91.4809,42.296],[-91.3649,42.2964]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Linn\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","tableOfContents":"Abstract
Introduction
Acknowledgments
Basin Description
Flood History
Storm Description
Flood Description
Flood Profile
Summary
References
Appendix: Temporary Bench Marks and Reference Points
Samples of creek bed sediment collected near seal-coated parking lots in Austin, Texas, by the City of Austin during 2001–02 had unusually elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To investigate the possibility that PAHs from seal-coated parking lots might be transported to urban creeks, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Austin, sampled runoff and scrapings from four test plots and 13 urban parking lots. The surfaces sampled comprise coal-tar-emulsion-sealed, asphalt-emulsion-sealed, unsealed asphalt, and unsealed concrete. Particulates and filtered water in runoff and surface scrapings were analyzed for PAHs. In addition, particulates in runoff were analyzed for major and trace elements. Samples of all three media from coal-tar-sealed parking lots had concentrations of PAHs higher than those from any other types of surface. The mean total PAH concentration in particulates in runoff from parking lots in use were 3,500,000, 620,000, and 54,000 micrograms per kilogram from coal-tar-sealed, asphalt-sealed, and unsealed (asphalt and concrete combined) lots, respectively. The probable effect concentration sediment quality guideline is 22,800 micrograms per kilogram. The mean total PAH (sum of detected PAHs) concentration in filtered water from parking lots in use was 8.6 micrograms per liter for coal-tar-sealed lots; the one sample analyzed from an asphalt-sealed lot had a concentration of 5.1 micrograms per liter and the one sample analyzed from an unsealed asphalt lot was 0.24 microgram per liter. The mean total PAH concentration in scrapings was 23,000,000, 820,000, and 14,000 micrograms per kilogram from coal-tar-sealed, asphalt-sealed, and unsealed asphalt lots, respectively. Concentrations of lead and zinc in particulates in runoff frequently exceeded the probable effect concentrations, but trace element concentrations showed no consistent variation with parking lot surface type.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041208","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Austin ","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Van Metre, P., and Wilson, J.T., 2004, Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and major and trace elements in simulated rainfall runoff from parking lots, Austin, Texas, 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1208, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041208.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4822,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1208/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.79205322265625,\n 30.192618218499273\n ],\n [\n -97.63069152832031,\n 30.192618218499273\n ],\n [\n -97.63069152832031,\n 30.44334602199014\n ],\n [\n -97.79205322265625,\n 30.44334602199014\n ],\n [\n -97.79205322265625,\n 30.192618218499273\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699da4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Jennifer T. 0000-0003-4481-6354 jenwilso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-6354","contributorId":1782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"jenwilso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":54025,"text":"ofr20041098 - 2004 - Eolian Dust and the Origin of Sedimentary Chert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20041098","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1098","title":"Eolian Dust and the Origin of Sedimentary Chert","docAbstract":"This paper proposes an alternative model for the primary source of silica contained in bedded sedimentary chert. The proposed model is derived from three principal observations as follows: (1) eolian processes in warm-arid climates produce copious amounts of highly reactive fine-grained quartz particles (dust), (2) eolian processes in warm-arid climates export enormous quantities of quartzose dust to marine environments, and (3) bedded sedimentary cherts generally occur in marine strata that were deposited in warm-arid paleoclimates where dust was a potential source of silica. An empirical integration of these observations suggests that eolian dust best explains both the primary and predominant source of silica for most bedded sedimentary cherts.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041098","usgsCitation":"Cecil, C.B., 2004, Eolian Dust and the Origin of Sedimentary Chert (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1098, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041098.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5465,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cecil, C. Blaine 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":22797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54027,"text":"ofr20041097 - 2004 - Simulation of Integrated Surface-Water/Ground-Water Flow and Salinity for a Coastal Wetland and Adjacent Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20041097","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1097","title":"Simulation of Integrated Surface-Water/Ground-Water Flow and Salinity for a Coastal Wetland and Adjacent Estuary","docAbstract":"The SWIFT2D surface-water flow and transport code, which solves the St. Venant equations in two dimensions, was coupled with the SEAWAT variable-density ground-water code to represent hydrologic processes in coastal wetlands and adjacent estuaries. The integrated code was applied to the southern Everglades of Florida to quantify flow and salinity patterns and to evaluate effects of hydrologic processes. Results indicate that most surface water within Taylor Slough flows through Joe Bay and into Florida Bay through Trout Creek. Overtopping of the Buttonwood Embankment, a narrow but continuous ridge that separates the coastal wetlands from Florida Bay, does occur in response to tropical storms, but the net overflow is only 1.5 percent of creek discharge. The net leakage rate for the coastal wetland is about zero with nearly equal upward (17.1 cm/yr) and downward (17.4 cm/yr) rates. During the dry season, the coastal wetland increases in salinity to 30-35 practical salinity units but is flushed each year with the onset of the wet season. Model results demonstrate that surface-water/ground-water interactions, density-dependent flow, and wind affect flow and salinity patterns.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041097","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C.D., Swain, E.D., and Melinda A., W., 2004, Simulation of Integrated Surface-Water/Ground-Water Flow and Salinity for a Coastal Wetland and Adjacent Estuary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1097, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041097.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5467,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f3050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melinda A., Wolfert","contributorId":51844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melinda A.","given":"Wolfert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":54252,"text":"ofr03442 - 2004 - Chester County ground-water atlas, Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T09:39:19","indexId":"ofr03442","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-442","title":"Chester County ground-water atlas, Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Chester County encompasses 760 square miles in southeastern Pennsylvania. Groundwater-quality studies have been conducted in the county over several decades to address specific hydrologic issues. This report compiles and describes water-quality data collected during studies conducted mostly after 1990 and summarizes the data in a county-wide perspective.
In this report, water-quality constituents are described in regard to what they are, why the constituents are important, and where constituent concentrations vary relative to geology or land use. Water-quality constituents are grouped into logical units to aid presentation: water-quality constituents measured in the field (pH, alkalinity, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen), common ions, metals, radionuclides, bacteria, nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds. Water-quality constituents measured in the field, common ions (except chloride), metals, and radionuclides are discussed relative to geology. Bacteria, nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds are discussed relative to land use. If the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) or Chester County Health Department has drinking water standards for a constituent, the standards are included. Tables and maps are included to assist Chester County residents in understanding the water-quality constituents and their distribution in the county.
Ground water in Chester County generally is of good quality and is mostly acidic except in the carbonate rocks and serpentinite, where it is neutral to strongly basic. Calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate are major constituents of these rocks. Both compounds have high solubility, and, as such, both are major contributors to elevated pH, alkalinity, specific conductance, and the common ions. Elevated pH and alkalinity in carbonate rocks and serpentinite can indicate a potential for scaling in water heaters and household plumbing. Low pH and low alkalinity in the schist, quartzite, and gneiss rocks can indicate a potential for corrosive water. The only constituent measured in the field that has a USEPA Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) is pH. The SMCL for pH is 6.5-8.5; 64 percent of samples analyzed for pH were acidic (below pH 6.5). Only 1 percent of samples were basic (above pH 8.5).
Of the common ions, the USEPA has SMCLs for chloride, sulfate, and total dissolved solids. The USEPA has a SMCL and a Primary Maximum Contaminant Level (PMCL) for fluoride. Chloride is more closely related to land use than geology. In Chester County, chloride exceeded the SMCL (250 mg/L) only in 5 percent of the services (commercial services, community services, and military) land-use areas. No samples analyzed for sulfate exceeded the SMCL (250 mg/L). Only 3 percent of samples analyzed for total dissolved solids exceeded the SMCL (500 milligrams per liter) (mg/L). No samples analyzed for fluoride equaled or exceeded the SMCL (2.0 mg/L) or PMCL (4.0 mg/L).
Iron concentrations exceeded the USEPA SMCL in 11 percent of samples and were highest in schist (14 percent) and gneiss (13 percent). Manganese concentrations exceeded the SMCL in 19 percent of samples and were highest in quartzite and schist (both 28 percent). Lead and arsenic were present in low concentrations: the highest concentrations of lead occurred in water from quartzite (8 percent exceeded the USEPA Action Level), and arsenic was detected mostly in Triassic sedimentary rocks (9 percent exceeded the USEPA PMCL). The highest concentrations of copper occurred more frequently in quartzite rocks, and to a lesser extent were evenly distributed between ground water in gneiss, schist, and Triassic sedimentary rocks.
Elevated concentrations of radon-222 and the combined radium-226/radium-228 radionuclides were common in water from quartzite and schist. Gross alpha and gross beta particle activities were elevated in water from quartzite and carbonate rocks. In contrast, elevated concentrations of uranium primarily were measured in water from Triassic sedimentary and carbonate rocks.
Despite a sampling bias towards agricultural land use, only two samples indicated the presence of fecal coliforms.
Samples analyzed for nutrients generally exhibited low concentrations, but about 11 percent of samples collected for nitrate exceeded the USEPA PMCL. Only one nitrite sample (less than 1 percent) exceeded the respective USEPA PMCL.
Approximately 190 samples were collected for each of the three pesticides in this report: lindane, dieldrin, and diazinon. Sampling was biased towards agricultural, low-medium density residential, and wooded land uses. Approximately 95 percent of samples for each pesticide were below minimum reporting levels (MRL). Only lindane has a USEPA PMCL, and only one sample exceeded the standard. Results for dieldrin and diazinon were similar, except results for two diazinon samples where concentrations were 57.0 and 490 micrograms per liter (μg/L).
Volatile organic compounds in this report were analyzed in water from 198 samples. Sampling was biased towards agricultural, low-medium density residential, and wooded land uses. Two percent of samples analyzed for trichloroethylene and less than 1 percent of samples analyzed for tetrachloroethylene exceeded their respective USEPA PMCLs (each 5.0 μg/L). No samples analyzed for 1,1,1-trichloroethane exceeded the USEPA PMCL (200 μg/L). No samples analyzed for methyl tert-butyl ether exceeded the USEPA Drinking Water Advisory (20μg/L).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03442","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority and the Chester County Health Department","usgsCitation":"Ludlow, R.A., and Loper, C.A., 2004, Chester County ground-water atlas, Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-442, viii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03442.","productDescription":"viii, 85 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5357,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0442/ofr20030442.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2003-0442"},{"id":182119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0442/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Analyses of the benthic community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 29-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinal clam Macoma balthica from the same area. The community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that could be indicative of a more stable community that is subjected to less stress. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals. Heteromastus filiformis, a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying their eggs on or in the sediment has shown a concurrent increase in dominance. These changes in species dominance reflect a change in the community from one dominated by surface dwelling, brooding species to one with species with varying life history characteristics. Analysis of the reproductive activity of Macoma balthica shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissue of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable with almost all animals reproducing during the two reproductive seasons (spring and fall) of most years. These findings are consistent with findings previously reported for the 1974 through 2002 period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041210","usgsCitation":"Shouse, M.K., Parcheso, F., and Thompson, J.K., 2004, Near-field receiving water monitoring of a benthic community near the Palo Alto Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay: February 1974 through December 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1210, Report: 37 p.; Appendixes A and B, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041210.","productDescription":"Report: 37 p.; Appendixes A and B","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041210.GIF"},{"id":5545,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr2004-1210/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282725,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1210/OFR04%20Appendix%20A.xls"},{"id":282724,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1210/OFR2004-1210.pdf"},{"id":282726,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1210/OFR04%20Appendix%20B.xls"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.86010742187499,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -121.78344726562499,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -121.78344726562499,\n 37.84883250647402\n ],\n [\n -122.86010742187499,\n 37.84883250647402\n ],\n [\n -122.86010742187499,\n 37.3002752813443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shouse, Michelle K. mkshouse@usgs.gov","contributorId":5407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shouse","given":"Michelle","email":"mkshouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":249212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":249211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":249210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50641,"text":"ofr2002211 - 2004 - Historic topographic sheets to satellite imagery—A methodology for evaluating coastal change in Florida's Big Bend tidal marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-07T01:01:55","indexId":"ofr2002211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-211","title":"Historic topographic sheets to satellite imagery—A methodology for evaluating coastal change in Florida's Big Bend tidal marsh","docAbstract":"This open-file report details the methodology used to rectify, digitize, and mosaic nineteen 19th century topographic sheets on the marsh-dominated Big Bend Gulf coast of Florida. Historic charts of tidal marshes in Florida's Big Bend were prepared in a digital grid-based format for comparison with modern features derived from 1995 satellite imagery. The chart-by-chart rectification process produced a map accuracy of ± 8 m. An effort was made to evaluate secondary map features, such as tree islands, but changes during the intervening years exceed standard surveying errors and rendered the analysis ineffective. A map, at 1:300,000 comparing historic and modern features, is provided to illustrate major changes along the coastline. Shoreline erosion is exceeded by the inland migration of the intertidal zone onto adjoining coastal forest lands. While statements of mapping accuracy are provided in the text, graphic representation of changes in the intertidal zone may be inexact at any given location. Thus caution is advised for site-specific applications. Maps and digital files provided should be used to visualize overall trends and regional anomalies, and not used to critically assess features at a particular location. Final product includes mosaic of historic coastal features and comparison to modern features.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Petersburg, FL","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002211","usgsCitation":"Raabe, E.A., Streck, A.E., and Stumpf, R., 2004, Historic topographic sheets to satellite imagery—A methodology for evaluating coastal change in Florida's Big Bend tidal marsh (Revised June 28, 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-211, i, 44 p.; Report Readme text file; Plate 4: 36 x 48 inches; Geodata download; Data Readme text file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002211.","productDescription":"i, 44 p.; Report Readme text file; Plate 4: 36 x 48 inches; Geodata download; Data Readme text file","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2002_211.jpg"},{"id":260251,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-211/pdf/OFR_02-211.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":261686,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-211/pdf/OFR_02-211_plate4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":14213,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-211/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 17, Row R","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Apalachee Bay;Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.5,28.166666666666668 ], [ -84.5,30.25 ], [ -82.5,30.25 ], [ -82.5,28.166666666666668 ], [ -84.5,28.166666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revised June 28, 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raabe, Ellen A. eraabe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raabe","given":"Ellen","email":"eraabe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Streck, Amy E.","contributorId":72051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Streck","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stumpf, Richard P.","contributorId":7739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpf","given":"Richard P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":57812,"text":"ofr20041302 - 2004 - The Blackwater NWR inundation model. Rising sea level on a low-lying coast: land use planning for wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:18","indexId":"ofr20041302","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1302","title":"The Blackwater NWR inundation model. Rising sea level on a low-lying coast: land use planning for wetlands","docAbstract":" The Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge (BNWR), on the Eastern Shore of Chesapeake Bay (figure 1), occupies an area less than 1 meter above sea level. The Refuge has been featured prominently in studies of the impact of sea level rise on coastal wetlands. Most notably, the refuge has been sited by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as a key example of 'wetland loss' attributable to rising sea level due to global temperature increase. Comparative studies of aerial photos taken since 1938 show an expanding area of open water in the central area of the refuge. The expanding area of open water can be shown to parallel the record of sea level rise over the past 60 years.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) manages the refuge to support migratory waterfowl and to preserve endangered upland species. High marsh vegetation is critical to FWS waterfowl management strategies. A broad area once occupied by high marsh has decreased with rising sea level. The FWS needs a planning tool to help predict current and future areas of high marsh available for waterfowl.\r\n\r\n'Wetland loss' is a relative term. It is dependant on the boundaries chosen for measurement. Wetland vegetation, zoned by elevation and salinity (figure 3), respond to rising sea level. Wetlands migrate inland and upslope and may vary in areas depending on the adjacent land slopes. Refuge managers need a geospatial tool that allows them to predict future areas that will be converted to high and intertidal marsh. Shifts in location and area of coverage must be anticipated. Viability of a current marsh area is also important. When will sea level rise make short-term management strategies to maintain an area impractical?\r\n\r\n The USGS has developed an inundation model for the BNWR centered on the refuge and surrounding areas. Such models are simple in concept, but they require a detailed topographic map upon which to superimpose future sea level positions. The new system of LIDAR mapping of land and shallow water surfaces has solved this problem. Our team has developed a detailed LIDAR map of the BNWR area at a 30 centimeter (ca. 1 ft) contour interval (figure 2). The new map allows us to identify the present marsh vegetation zones and to predict the location and area of future zones on a decade-by- decade basis over the next century at increments of sea level rise on the order of 3 cm/decade (ca. 1 inch).\r\n\r\nWe have developed two scenarios for the model. The first is a steady-state model that uses the historic rate of sea level rise of 3.1 mm/yr to predict marsh areas. The second is a 'global warming' scenario utilizing a conservative IPCC model with an exponentially-increasing rate of sea level rise. Under either scenario, the BNWR is progressively inundated with an expanding core of open water. Although their positions change in the future, the areas of intertidal marsh as well as those of the critical high marsh remain fairly constant until the year 2050. Beyond that time, the low-lying land surface is overtopped by rising sea level and the area is dominated by open water.\r\n\r\nOur model suggests that wetland habitat in the Blackwater area might be maintained and sustained through a combination of public and private preservation efforts through easements in combination with judicious Federal land acquisition into the predicted areas of suitable marsh formation - but for only the next 50 years. Beyond that time much of this area will become open water.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041302","usgsCitation":"Larsen, C., Clark, I.E., Guntenspergen, G., Cahoon, D., Caruso, V., Hupp, C., and Yanosky, T., 2004, The Blackwater NWR inundation model. Rising sea level on a low-lying coast: land use planning for wetlands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1302, online, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041302.","productDescription":"online","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5790,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1302/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db68226c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Curt","contributorId":41506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Curt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Inga E. 0000-0003-0084-0256 iclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-0256","contributorId":3256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Inga","email":"iclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":257866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn","contributorId":60714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cahoon, Don","contributorId":8337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Don","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caruso, Vincent","contributorId":87302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caruso","given":"Vincent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":19030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yanosky, Tom","contributorId":47646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanosky","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":58295,"text":"ofr03228 - 2004 - FFTDC2: a one-dimensional Fourier transform with forward and inverse data conditioning for non-complex data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:04","indexId":"ofr03228","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-228","title":"FFTDC2: a one-dimensional Fourier transform with forward and inverse data conditioning for non-complex data","docAbstract":"A subroutine (FFTDC2) coded in Fortran 77 is described, which performs a Fast Fourier Transform or Discrete Fourier Transform together with necessary conditioning steps of trend removal, extension, and windowing. The source code for the entire library of required subroutines is provided with the digital release of this report. But, there is only one required entry point, the subroutine call to FFTDC2; all the other subroutines are operationally transparent to the user. Complete instructions for use of FFTDC2.F (as well as for all the other subroutines) and some practical theoretical discussions are included as comments at the beginning of the source code. This subroutine is intended to be an efficient tool for the programmer in a variety of production-level signal-processing applications.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03228","usgsCitation":"Bracken, R.E., 2004, FFTDC2: a one-dimensional Fourier transform with forward and inverse data conditioning for non-complex data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-228, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03228.","productDescription":"61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5866,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/228/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fae97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bracken, Robert E. 0000-0001-7759-2743 rbracken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-2743","contributorId":2640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bracken","given":"Robert","email":"rbracken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58111,"text":"ofr20041313 - 2004 - Selected Streamflow Statistics for Streamgaging Stations in Delaware, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T13:15:49.379447","indexId":"ofr20041313","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1313","title":"Selected Streamflow Statistics for Streamgaging Stations in Delaware, 2003","docAbstract":"Flow-duration and low-flow frequency statistics were calculated for 15 streamgaging stations in Delaware, in cooperation with the Delaware Geological Survey. The flow-duration statistics include the 1-, 2-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, 50-, 60-, 70-, 80-, 90-, 95-, 98-, and 99-percent duration discharges. The low-flow frequency statistics include the average discharges for 1, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days that recur, on average, once in 1.01, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 years. The statistics were computed using U.S. Geological Survey computer programs that can be downloaded from the World Wide Web at no cost. The computer programs automate standard U.S. Geological Survey methods for computing the statistics. Documentation is provided at the Web sites for the individual programs. The computed statistics are presented in tabular format on a separate page for each station, along with the station name, station number, the location, the period of record, and remarks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041313","usgsCitation":"Ries, K., 2004, Selected Streamflow Statistics for Streamgaging Stations in Delaware, 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1313, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041313.","productDescription":"25 p.","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181340,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9042,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1313/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa7af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ries, Kernell G. III kries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Kernell G.","suffix":"III","email":"kries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":258349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57957,"text":"ofr20041252 - 2004 - Digital files for northeast Asia geodynamics, mineral deposit location, and metallogenic belt maps, stratigraphic columns, descriptions of map units, and descriptions of metallogenic belts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20041252","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1252","title":"Digital files for northeast Asia geodynamics, mineral deposit location, and metallogenic belt maps, stratigraphic columns, descriptions of map units, and descriptions of metallogenic belts","docAbstract":"This is the online version of a CD-ROM publication. It contains all of the data that are on the disc but extra files have been removed: index files, software installers, and Windows autolaunch files. \r\n\r\nThis publication contains a a series of files for Northeast Asia geodynamics, mineral deposit location, and metallogenic belt maps descriptions of map units and metallogenic belts, and stratigraphic columns. This region includes Eastern Siberia, Russian Far East, Mongolia, Northeast China, South Korea, and Japan. The files include: (1) a geodynamics map at a scale of 1:5,000,000; (2) page-size stratigraphic columns for major terranes; (3) a generalized geodynamics map at a scale of 1:15,000,000; (4) a mineral deposit location map at a scale of 1:7,500,000; (5) metallogenic belt maps at a scale of 1:15,000,000; (6) detailed descriptions of geologic units with references; (7) detailed descriptions of metallogenic belts with references; and (8) summary mineral deposit and metallogenic belt tables. The purpose of this publication is to provide high-quality, digital graphic files for maps and figures, and Word files for explanations, descriptions, and references to customers and users.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041252","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., Badarch, G., Berzin, N.A., Diggles, M.F., Hwang, D., Khanchuk, A.I., Miller, R.J., Naumova, V., Obolensky, A.A., Ogasawara, M., Parfenov, L.M., Prokopiev, A.V., Rodionov, S.M., and Yan, H., 2004, Digital files for northeast Asia geodynamics, mineral deposit location, and metallogenic belt maps, stratigraphic columns, descriptions of map units, and descriptions of metallogenic belts (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1252, 9 p.; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041252.","productDescription":"9 p.; CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5916,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1252/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d4f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Badarch, Gombosuren","contributorId":6940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Badarch","given":"Gombosuren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berzin, Nikolai A.","contributorId":33793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berzin","given":"Nikolai","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diggles, Michael F. 0000-0002-9946-0247 mdiggles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9946-0247","contributorId":810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diggles","given":"Michael","email":"mdiggles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5066,"text":"Office of the Director USGS","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5053,"text":"IPDS Training","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hwang, Duk-Hwan","contributorId":43804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"Duk-Hwan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Khanchuk, Alexander I.","contributorId":19585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanchuk","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miller, Robert J. rjmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":2516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"rjmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Naumova, Vera V.","contributorId":98388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naumova","given":"Vera V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Obolensky, Alexander A.","contributorId":65330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obolensky","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ogasawara, Masatsugu","contributorId":17638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogasawara","given":"Masatsugu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Parfenov, Leonid M.","contributorId":59112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parfenov","given":"Leonid","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Prokopiev, Andrei V.","contributorId":20825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prokopiev","given":"Andrei","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rodionov, Sergey M.","contributorId":64726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodionov","given":"Sergey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Yan, Hongquan","contributorId":81559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"Hongquan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":58272,"text":"ofr20041303 - 2004 - Bedrock geologic map of the Port Wing, Solon Springs, and parts of the Duluth and Sandstone 30' X 60' quadrangles, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-19T10:36:04","indexId":"ofr20041303","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1303","title":"Bedrock geologic map of the Port Wing, Solon Springs, and parts of the Duluth and Sandstone 30' X 60' quadrangles, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"This Open-File Report provides digital data (shapefiles and .e00 files) for the bedrock geology in the Port Wing, Solon Springs, and parts of the Duluth and Sandstone quadrangles in Wisconsin. A Miscellaneous Investigations Series map (I map) is currently in review with analogous data in paper format.
This map portrays the geology of part of the Midcontinent rift system (MRS) along the southern extension of the Lake Superior syncline in northern Wisconsin. The map area contains the St. Croix horst, a rift graben filled with Mesoproterozoic rocks of the Keweenawan Supergroup that was subsequently inverted. The horst exposes about 15 - 20 km of strata that record the opening of the Midcontinent rift, its subsequent transition to a thermal subsidence basin, and eventual inversion. About 3 km of underlying Mesoproterozoic strata, including the Gogebic iron range, and about 10 km of Neoarchean rocks, exposed in the southernmost part of the map area lie to the southeast of the horst.
The nearly flat-lying continental red beds of the Oronto and Bayfield Groups, the youngest strata of the Keweenawan Supergroup, overlie the volcanic rocks.
A wealth of geologic data exists for the area as a result of many individual studies over the last hundred years, but much has remained unpublished in theses, dissertations, and other reports of limited availability. This map has incorporated most of that data (see list of data sources) and includes results of our investigations conducted from 1992 to 2000. Our studies were designed to fill gaps in existing data and reconcile conflicting interpretations on some aspects of the geology of the region.
The purpose of this map is to complete digital coverage of quadrangles with significant exposure of rocks of the Midcontinent rift in Wisconsin and Michigan at a scale of 1:100,000. Other maps in this series include the bedrock geologic maps of the Ontonagon-Wakefield, the Ashland-Ironwood, and the Keweenaw Peninsula areas (USGS Open-File Reports 01-088, 99-546, and 99-149, respectively).
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