The Swinomish Indian Reservation occupies 17 mi2on Fidalgo Island, northwestern Washington. Six square miles are underlain by mudflats or low-lying alluvial deposits, and are not part of the study area. An appraisal of the water resources of the reservation was made because the Swinomish Tribal Community expects rapid economic and population growth in the near future.
Average inflow to the hydrologic system of the reservation is 24 ft3/s (cubic feet per second). Outflow consists of evapotranspiration (15 ft3/s), subsurface outflow (5 ft3/s), and surface-water outflow (4 ft3/s). Recharge to the ground-water reservoir is 8 ft3/s.
Most of the study area is a remnant of a glacial drift plain underlain by three types of unconsolidated deposits. The uppermost unit consists primarily of till, the intermediate unit is predominantly sand and gravel, and the lowermost unit is nearly all clay and silt. The total storage capacity is about 6.3 billion cubic feet of water.
During 1976 human interaction with the hydrologic system was negligible, with an average rate of water use of 0.19 ft3/s. Seventy percent of this was pumped from the ground-water reservoir and the rest was imported.
Water levels in six wells extending below mean sea level were found to fluctuate as much as 2.8 feet in response to tidal fluctuations, representing maximum tidal efficiencies of 42 percent. Below sea level is a freshwater-saltwater zone of diffusion at least 150 feet thick.
Dissolved-solids concentrations are estimatd to be 10-20 mg/L (milligrams per liter) in precipitation, increase to 15-35 mg/L due to evapotranspiration, reach 45 mg/L in direct runoff, and increase to about 160 mg/L in shallow ground water and about 245 mg/L in deep ground water. In the zone of saltwater diffusion concentrations up to 1,570 mg/L were measured. Human interaction with the hydrologic system has had little apparent effect on water quality.
Ground-water quality is generally within the acceptable limits of the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act. The maximum contaminant levels for turbidity, arsenic, and coliform bacteria have been exceeded in a few samples.
Recommended limits have been exceeded for iron, manganese, chloride, dissolved solids, pH, and color. Most of the large concentrations of these constituents were in water from the zone of saltwater diffusion.
The ground-water reservoir can be developed to a greater degree. If 20 percent of the 8 ft3/s of ground-water recharge can be intercepted, a net rate of ground-water withdrawal of 1.6 ft3/s can be attained. Aquiculture development is possible on the two largest streams in the reservation in the form of incubation stations handling 600,000 eggs each.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7912","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Swinomish Tribal Community","usgsCitation":"Drost, B., 1979, Water resources of the Swinomish Indian Reservation, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-12, Report: x, 83 p.; 5 Plates: 13.70 x 28.38 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7912.","productDescription":"Report: x, 83 p.; 5 Plates: 13.70 x 28.38 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0012/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":363788,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0012/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":363789,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0012/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":363787,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":363790,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0012/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":363791,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0012/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":363792,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0012/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"datum":"Mean Sea Level","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Swinomish Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.58682250976562,\n 48.35100160942683\n ],\n [\n -122.45155334472656,\n 48.35100160942683\n ],\n [\n -122.45155334472656,\n 48.464498854118204\n ],\n [\n -122.58682250976562,\n 48.464498854118204\n ],\n [\n -122.58682250976562,\n 48.35100160942683\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eec53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drost, B. W.","contributorId":38526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"B. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27795,"text":"wri7975 - 1979 - Saltwater-barrier line in Florida: Concepts, considerations, and site examples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-05T11:37:28","indexId":"wri7975","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-75","title":"Saltwater-barrier line in Florida: Concepts, considerations, and site examples","docAbstract":"Construction of canals and enlargement of streams in Florida has been mostly to alleviate impact of floods and to drain wetlands for development. Land drainage and heavy pumpage from coastal water-table aquifers has degraded potable ground and surface water with saltwater. Control of saltwater intrusion is possible through implementation of certain hydrologic principles. State of Florida statute 373.033 provides for a saltwater-barrier line in areas of saltwater intrusion along canals. A saltwater-barrier line is defined as the allowable landward limit that a canal shall be constructed or enlarged or a stream deepened or enlarged without a salinity-control structure seaward of the saltwater-barrier line. The salinity control structure controls saltwater intrusion along a surface-water channel and assists in controlling saltwater intrusion into shallow aquifers. This report briefly reviews the fundamentals of saltwater intrusion in surface-water channels and associated coastal aquifers, describes the effects of established saltwater-barrier lines in Florida, and gives a history of the use and benefits of salinity-control structures. (Woodard-USGS).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7975","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.L., 1979, Saltwater-barrier line in Florida: Concepts, considerations, and site examples: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-75, v, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7975.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366256,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0075/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0075/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 24.287026865376436\n ],\n [\n -79.56298828125,\n 24.287026865376436\n ],\n [\n -79.56298828125,\n 30.996445897426373\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 30.996445897426373\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 24.287026865376436\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, Jerry L.","contributorId":19944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27402,"text":"wri7923 - 1979 - Chemical analyses of surface water in Illinois, 1975-77--Volume I, Des Plaines River basin and Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-29T13:15:33.382432","indexId":"wri7923","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-23","displayTitle":"Chemical Analyses of Surface Water in Illinois, 1975–77—Volume I, Des Plaines River Basin and Lake Michigan","title":"Chemical analyses of surface water in Illinois, 1975-77--Volume I, Des Plaines River basin and Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Samples of surface water were collected and analyzed by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. The results from water years 1975 to 1977 are presented in three volumes. The history of sampling and analytical methods used during that period are summarized. Stream discharge data from records of the U.S. Geological Survey are included for all sites where samples were collected at gaging stations or near enough that reliable discharge estimates could be made. Volume I includes the Des Plaines River basin and Lake Michigan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7923","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Grason, D., and Healy, R.W., 1979, Chemical analyses of surface water in Illinois, 1975-77--Volume I, Des Plaines River basin and Lake Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-23, v. I, iv, 222 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7923.","productDescription":"iv, 222 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361724,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7925","text":"WRI 79–25","description":"WRI 79–25","linkHelpText":"Chemical Analyses of Surface Water in Illinois, 1975–77—Volume III, Ohio River Tributaries and Mississippi River Tributaries South of the Illinois River Basin"},{"id":361723,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7924","text":"WRI 79–24","description":"WRI 79–24","linkHelpText":"Chemical Analyses of Surface Water in Illinois, 1975–77—Volume II, Illinois River Basin and Mississippi River Tributaries North of Illinois River Basin"},{"id":361722,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0023/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 79–23"},{"id":158737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0023/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.366031,42.500274],[-88.786681,42.491983],[-88.115285,42.496219],[-87.800561,42.49192],[-87.79823,42.473054],[-87.80537,42.384721],[-87.820858,42.361584],[-87.834769,42.301522],[-87.828569,42.269922],[-87.800066,42.208024],[-87.741662,42.128227],[-87.712206,42.096455],[-87.682359,42.075729],[-87.671462,42.058334],[-87.668982,42.029142],[-87.630953,41.933132],[-87.624052,41.904232],[-87.611659,41.892216],[-87.616537,41.882396],[-87.616251,41.868933],[-87.60945,41.845233],[-87.600549,41.826833],[-87.580948,41.804334],[-87.576347,41.786034],[-87.560646,41.766034],[-87.542845,41.752135],[-87.530745,41.748235],[-87.524141,41.72399],[-87.526376,40.491574],[-87.533227,39.883127],[-87.531646,39.347888],[-87.544013,39.352907],[-87.5544,39.340488],[-87.578331,39.340343],[-87.589084,39.333831],[-87.600397,39.312904],[-87.597545,39.296388],[-87.61005,39.282232],[-87.605543,39.261122],[-87.593486,39.247452],[-87.583535,39.243579],[-87.574558,39.218404],[-87.588614,39.197824],[-87.620796,39.17479],[-87.640435,39.166727],[-87.64599,39.1449],[-87.643145,39.128562],[-87.632245,39.118702],[-87.630376,39.104305],[-87.619134,39.100557],[-87.613513,39.085568],[-87.596373,39.079639],[-87.572588,39.057286],[-87.575027,39.034062],[-87.569696,39.019413],[-87.579117,39.001607],[-87.578319,38.988786],[-87.529496,38.971925],[-87.512187,38.954417],[-87.518826,38.923205],[-87.527645,38.907688],[-87.544089,38.895093],[-87.553384,38.863344],[-87.525893,38.848795],[-87.521681,38.826576],[-87.527342,38.818121],[-87.496537,38.778571],[-87.496494,38.742728],[-87.516707,38.716333],[-87.519609,38.697198],[-87.531231,38.684036],[-87.593678,38.667402],[-87.62012,38.639489],[-87.627348,38.60544],[-87.62389,38.593984],[-87.637752,38.588512],[-87.651529,38.568166],[-87.650704,38.55624],[-87.660732,38.541092],[-87.653802,38.517382],[-87.657084,38.507169],[-87.714047,38.47988],[-87.739522,38.475069],[-87.74317,38.459019],[-87.730134,38.446518],[-87.74104,38.435576],[-87.745254,38.408996],[-87.779996,38.370842],[-87.806075,38.363143],[-87.822721,38.346912],[-87.832723,38.324853],[-87.831972,38.307241],[-87.838243,38.29375],[-87.853046,38.289264],[-87.875476,38.301376],[-87.88041,38.299581],[-87.887849,38.285299],[-87.908223,38.274012],[-87.92168,38.289712],[-87.928858,38.292404],[-87.938727,38.289264],[-87.952125,38.273763],[-87.945904,38.256966],[-87.950838,38.247097],[-87.960225,38.237118],[-87.975511,38.232742],[-87.982688,38.221527],[-87.984234,38.20996],[-87.975819,38.197834],[-87.9595,38.184376],[-87.928858,38.168594],[-87.922577,38.160071],[-87.92168,38.148407],[-87.945472,38.126616],[-87.974272,38.121981],[-87.999734,38.100857],[-87.998389,38.090091],[-87.984931,38.069008],[-87.990314,38.056447],[-88.020369,38.046578],[-88.02979,38.025046],[-88.012574,37.977062],[-88.012929,37.966544],[-88.036124,37.942746],[-88.044145,37.926805],[-88.031584,37.901685],[-88.033378,37.894059],[-88.054462,37.877461],[-88.058499,37.865349],[-88.053116,37.847854],[-88.043247,37.836639],[-88.051771,37.813761],[-88.045939,37.807481],[-88.029382,37.803601],[-88.02803,37.799224],[-88.035827,37.791917],[-88.042602,37.76712],[-88.059588,37.742608],[-88.122412,37.709685],[-88.151646,37.675098],[-88.160187,37.657592],[-88.156827,37.632801],[-88.142225,37.603737],[-88.139973,37.586451],[-88.13341,37.574273],[-88.105585,37.55618],[-88.088049,37.535124],[-88.069018,37.525297],[-88.061342,37.505327],[-88.064234,37.484548],[-88.072386,37.483563],[-88.087664,37.471059],[-88.132628,37.471555],[-88.281667,37.452596],[-88.312585,37.440591],[-88.333183,37.42721],[-88.348405,37.410726],[-88.365471,37.401663],[-88.408808,37.425216],[-88.450127,37.411717],[-88.470224,37.396255],[-88.476592,37.386875],[-88.484462,37.345609],[-88.515939,37.284043],[-88.506942,37.266656],[-88.509328,37.26213],[-88.487277,37.244077],[-88.471753,37.220155],[-88.447764,37.203527],[-88.431488,37.160298],[-88.424403,37.152428],[-88.444605,37.098601],[-88.458948,37.073796],[-88.504437,37.065265],[-88.545403,37.070003],[-88.576718,37.085852],[-88.589207,37.099655],[-88.625889,37.119458],[-88.693983,37.141155],[-88.732105,37.143956],[-88.80572,37.188595],[-88.916934,37.224291],[-88.942111,37.228811],[-88.98326,37.228685],[-89.029981,37.211144],[-89.076221,37.175125],[-89.092934,37.156439],[-89.111189,37.119052],[-89.134931,37.103278],[-89.14132,37.093865],[-89.154504,37.088907],[-89.168087,37.074218],[-89.181369,37.046305],[-89.178975,37.020928],[-89.166447,37.003337],[-89.132685,36.9822],[-89.170008,36.970298],[-89.185491,36.973518],[-89.192097,36.979995],[-89.200793,37.016164],[-89.234053,37.037277],[-89.25493,37.072014],[-89.259936,37.064071],[-89.307726,37.069654],[-89.310819,37.057897],[-89.304752,37.047565],[-89.277715,37.03614],[-89.260003,37.023288],[-89.257608,37.015496],[-89.263527,37.00005],[-89.278628,36.98867],[-89.29213,36.992189],[-89.322982,37.01609],[-89.378277,37.039605],[-89.385434,37.05513],[-89.375712,37.080505],[-89.37871,37.094586],[-89.38805,37.107481],[-89.41173,37.122507],[-89.42558,37.138235],[-89.461862,37.199517],[-89.4675,37.221844],[-89.458246,37.247066],[-89.470525,37.253357],[-89.488728,37.251507],[-89.517032,37.28192],[-89.511842,37.310825],[-89.489005,37.333368],[-89.447556,37.340475],[-89.432836,37.347056],[-89.421054,37.387668],[-89.439769,37.4372],[-89.475525,37.471388],[-89.516447,37.535558],[-89.521925,37.560735],[-89.519808,37.582748],[-89.486062,37.580853],[-89.477548,37.585885],[-89.475932,37.592998],[-89.517718,37.641217],[-89.51204,37.680985],[-89.516685,37.692762],[-89.531427,37.700334],[-89.583316,37.713261],[-89.596566,37.732886],[-89.615586,37.74235],[-89.615933,37.748184],[-89.64953,37.745498],[-89.663352,37.750052],[-89.667993,37.759484],[-89.66038,37.786296],[-89.669644,37.799922],[-89.71748,37.825724],[-89.739873,37.84693],[-89.754104,37.846358],[-89.779828,37.853896],[-89.786369,37.851734],[-89.80036,37.868625],[-89.798041,37.879655],[-89.842649,37.905196],[-89.862949,37.896906],[-89.881475,37.879591],[-89.901832,37.869822],[-89.923185,37.870672],[-89.950594,37.881526],[-89.973642,37.917661],[-89.974918,37.926719],[-89.959646,37.940196],[-89.947429,37.940336],[-89.932467,37.947497],[-89.925085,37.960021],[-89.933797,37.959143],[-89.942099,37.970121],[-89.997103,37.963225],[-90.03241,37.995258],[-90.051357,38.003584],[-90.057269,38.014362],[-90.08826,38.015772],[-90.11052,38.026547],[-90.126194,38.040702],[-90.126396,38.054897],[-90.130788,38.062341],[-90.158533,38.074735],[-90.17222,38.069636],[-90.218708,38.094365],[-90.243116,38.112669],[-90.274928,38.157615],[-90.290765,38.170453],[-90.331554,38.18758],[-90.356176,38.217501],[-90.373929,38.281853],[-90.370819,38.333554],[-90.349743,38.377609],[-90.295316,38.426753],[-90.285215,38.443453],[-90.260314,38.528352],[-90.224212,38.575051],[-90.196011,38.594451],[-90.18451,38.611551],[-90.17801,38.63375],[-90.18111,38.65955],[-90.18641,38.67475],[-90.20921,38.70275],[-90.21141,38.72135],[-90.20521,38.73215],[-90.176309,38.754449],[-90.166409,38.772649],[-90.123107,38.798048],[-90.109107,38.837448],[-90.113327,38.849306],[-90.19521,38.886748],[-90.223041,38.907389],[-90.250248,38.919344],[-90.309454,38.92412],[-90.395816,38.960037],[-90.440078,38.967364],[-90.450792,38.967764],[-90.472122,38.958838],[-90.482419,38.94446],[-90.486974,38.925982],[-90.500117,38.910408],[-90.54403,38.87505],[-90.583388,38.86903],[-90.628485,38.891617],[-90.639917,38.908272],[-90.663372,38.928042],[-90.675949,38.96214],[-90.678193,38.991851],[-90.713629,39.053977],[-90.682744,39.088348],[-90.681086,39.10059],[-90.686051,39.117785],[-90.707902,39.15086],[-90.717113,39.213912],[-90.72996,39.255894],[-90.751599,39.265432],[-90.793461,39.309498],[-90.816851,39.320496],[-90.8475,39.345272],[-90.893777,39.367343],[-90.904862,39.379403],[-90.928745,39.387544],[-90.940766,39.403984],[-90.993789,39.422959],[-91.03827,39.448436],[-91.059439,39.46886],[-91.064305,39.494643],[-91.079769,39.507728],[-91.100307,39.538695],[-91.153628,39.548248],[-91.168419,39.564928],[-91.174232,39.591975],[-91.181936,39.602677],[-91.229317,39.620853],[-91.27614,39.665759],[-91.302485,39.679631],[-91.367753,39.729029],[-91.369953,39.745042],[-91.365125,39.758723],[-91.363444,39.792804],[-91.377971,39.811273],[-91.432919,39.840554],[-91.446385,39.870394],[-91.443513,39.893583],[-91.420878,39.914865],[-91.41936,39.927717],[-91.463683,39.981845],[-91.494878,40.036453],[-91.489606,40.057435],[-91.509245,40.121876],[-91.511749,40.147091],[-91.508324,40.156326],[-91.513079,40.178537],[-91.504477,40.198262],[-91.505828,40.238839],[-91.490524,40.259498],[-91.492727,40.278217],[-91.46214,40.342414],[-91.439342,40.366569],[-91.415695,40.381381],[-91.381958,40.387632],[-91.372921,40.399108],[-91.373721,40.417891],[-91.381769,40.442555],[-91.364915,40.484168],[-91.364211,40.500043],[-91.384531,40.530948],[-91.404125,40.539127],[-91.405241,40.554641],[-91.379752,40.57445],[-91.359873,40.601805],[-91.339719,40.613488],[-91.306524,40.626231],[-91.253074,40.637962],[-91.18698,40.637297],[-91.123928,40.669152],[-91.110927,40.703262],[-91.115735,40.725168],[-91.110424,40.745528],[-91.091703,40.779708],[-91.097649,40.805575],[-91.092993,40.821079],[-91.05643,40.848387],[-91.044653,40.868356],[-91.021562,40.884021],[-91.009536,40.900565],[-90.962916,40.924957],[-90.952233,40.954047],[-90.958142,40.979767],[-90.945949,41.006495],[-90.942253,41.034702],[-90.94899,41.07025],[-90.946259,41.094734],[-90.99496,41.160624],[-91.007586,41.166183],[-91.027214,41.163373],[-91.041536,41.166138],[-91.07298,41.207151],[-91.112333,41.239003],[-91.114186,41.250029],[-91.08688,41.294371],[-91.074841,41.305578],[-91.06652,41.365246],[-91.05158,41.385283],[-91.04589,41.414085],[-91.027787,41.423603],[-90.979815,41.434321],[-90.930016,41.421404],[-90.846558,41.455141],[-90.750142,41.449632],[-90.655839,41.462132],[-90.605937,41.494232],[-90.602137,41.506032],[-90.595237,41.511032],[-90.567236,41.517532],[-90.556235,41.524232],[-90.540935,41.526133],[-90.500633,41.518033],[-90.461432,41.523533],[-90.41283,41.565333],[-90.343228,41.587833],[-90.339528,41.598633],[-90.343452,41.646959],[-90.334525,41.679559],[-90.313435,41.698082],[-90.317668,41.72269],[-90.310708,41.742214],[-90.278633,41.767358],[-90.181973,41.80707],[-90.181901,41.843216],[-90.153584,41.906614],[-90.152659,41.933058],[-90.163847,41.944934],[-90.164135,41.956178],[-90.146225,41.981329],[-90.140061,42.003252],[-90.150916,42.02944],[-90.163446,42.040407],[-90.168358,42.075779],[-90.161504,42.098912],[-90.162895,42.116718],[-90.17097,42.125198],[-90.190452,42.125779],[-90.201404,42.130937],[-90.207421,42.149109],[-90.216107,42.15673],[-90.250129,42.171469],[-90.282173,42.178846],[-90.328273,42.201047],[-90.356964,42.205445],[-90.391108,42.225473],[-90.400653,42.239293],[-90.419326,42.254467],[-90.430884,42.27823],[-90.415937,42.322699],[-90.419027,42.328505],[-90.477279,42.383794],[-90.555018,42.416138],[-90.560439,42.432897],[-90.567968,42.440389],[-90.606328,42.451505],[-90.646727,42.471904],[-90.654027,42.478503],[-90.656527,42.489203],[-90.640927,42.508302],[-90.07367,42.508275],[-89.366031,42.500274]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Illinois\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"I","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
Future changes in ground-water levels and streamflow caused by a limited set of water-resources development conditions were simulated with digital models of stream-aquifer systems within the Platte River Basin, Nebraska. Simulated water-resources use in the basin included private development of ground water for irrigation, Federal development of surface-water systems for irrigation, and development of ground water to supply municipal demands of Lincoln and Omaha.
Simulated future conditions indicate that significant permanent declines in ground-water levels and streamflows may occur as a result of private development of ground water for irrigation. The largest simulated declines in ground-water levels were more than 80 feet by the year 2020 in upland areas in the Elkhorn and Middle Platte subbasins under conditions of rapid development of all irrigable lands. Simulated depletion of perennial streamflows by ground-water withdrawals indicated that future surface-water supplies may be limited in parts of the basin. Simulated depletions to major streams exceeded 60 percent of average perennial flow in the Elkhorn subbasin under conditions of rapid private development of ground water for irrigation.
Simulations that evaluated the effects of combined private groundwater development with proposed Federal development of surface water for irrigation showed that in the project areas, ground-water level declines were reduced compared to \"without project\" conditions. In some project areas, simulated ground-water levels rose with the application of surface water in excess of consumptive-use requirements and soil-moisture storage capacities. The ground-water level rises would lead to waterlogged conditions in parts of the Middle Platte subbasin.
The accuracy of the models developed in this study would be improved most by collection of additional data on ground-water withdrawals and storage properties at the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7926","usgsCitation":"Lappala, E., Emery, P.A., and Otradovsky, F., 1979, Simulated changes in ground-water levels and streamflow resulting from future development (1970 to 2020) in the Platte River basin, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-26, Report: vii, 82 p.; 9 Plates: 19.40 x 10.03 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7926.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 82 p.; 9 Plates: 19.40 x 10.03 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"92","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359300,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359301,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359302,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359303,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359304,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359305,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359306,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359307,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359308,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359309,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0026/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49aee4b07f02db5c7a04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lappala, E.G.","contributorId":17996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lappala","given":"E.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emery, P. A.","contributorId":49392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otradovsky, F.J.","contributorId":70438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otradovsky","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26943,"text":"wri7913 - 1979 - Effects of landfill leaching on water quality and biology of a nearby stream, South Cairo, Greene County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T07:56:55","indexId":"wri7913","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-13","title":"Effects of landfill leaching on water quality and biology of a nearby stream, South Cairo, Greene County, New York","docAbstract":"A 1-kilometer stream reach receiving leachate-enriched water from a small municipal landfill in Greene County, N.Y., was studied from 1971-75 to document streamflow rates and chemical quality of the stream and ground water. The distribution of benthic invertebrates and microorganisms in the stream above the landfill was markedly different from that below it; the difference is attributed to the inflow of leachate. The Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Nematomorpha have been eliminated from the reach adjacent to and below the landfill and have been replaced by large numbers of Tendipedidae and Niadidae. Certain chemical constituents, especially iron and manganese, were extremely concentrated in the ground water immediately beneath the streambed. The elevated concentrations of these and other metals may be the direct cause of the abrupt faunal shift. Algae were replaced by large masses of the iron bacterium Leptothrix in the stream reach below the landfill. (Kosco-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri7913","usgsCitation":"Ehlke, T.A., 1979, Effects of landfill leaching on water quality and biology of a nearby stream, South Cairo, Greene County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-13, iv, 18 p. :maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7913.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p. :maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268526,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0013/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688c11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ehlke, Theodore A.","contributorId":83523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehlke","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28058,"text":"wri7960 - 1979 - Distribution of nitrate and related nitrogen species in the unsaturated zone, Redlands and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri7960","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-60","title":"Distribution of nitrate and related nitrogen species in the unsaturated zone, Redlands and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"Nitrogen in the unsaturated soil zone in the vicinity of Redlands in San Bernardino County, Calif., has been suspected as the source of nitrate in water from wells. Plans have been made to recharge the aquifer with imported surface water. If this occurs, the rising water table will intercept soluble nitrate in the unsaturated zone. This study was made to quantify and delineate the distribution of the nitrate in the unsaturated zone. Thirteen test holes were drilled in areas of various land uses, and samples of the unsaturated-zone materials were obtained with depth. In 10 of the test holes, the maximum nitrate-nitrogen (N03--N) concentrations occurred within 10 feet of land surface suggesting N03--N sources at the surface. Ranking the test holes according to near-surface N03--N concentrations showed that, of the top six, only two are in irrigated citrus areas. One is in an abandoned feedlot. Of the lowest six, four are in irrigated citrus areas and one is in the Santa Ana River channel. The control test hole ranked fourth suggesting that relatively high N03--N concentrations can occur in near-surface soils even in the absence of human habitation. Analysis according to one conceptual model suggests that raising the water-table altitude by aquifer recharge will intercept N03--N now in the unsaturated zone causing increases in N03--N concentrations in water from wells of up to 48 milligrams per liter. The largest increases will occur in the vicinity of irrigated citrus areas. (Woodard-USGS).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri7960","usgsCitation":"Klein, J.M., and Bradford, W.L., 1979, Distribution of nitrate and related nitrogen species in the unsaturated zone, Redlands and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-60, vi, 81 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7960.","productDescription":"vi, 81 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6353ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, John M.","contributorId":27036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, Wesley L.","contributorId":95451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27567,"text":"wri7979 - 1979 - Ground water in the vicinity of Capulin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T10:01:55","indexId":"wri7979","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-79","title":"Ground water in the vicinity of Capulin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The alluvial deposits within a closed basin near Capulin, New Mexico, are estimated to have 189,000 acre-feet of water in storage. These deposits have an estimated average transmissivity of 400 feet squared per day and represent the major source of ground water. Well yields range from a few gallons per minute to as much as 900 gallons per minute, with average potential yields ranging from about 100 to 200 gallons per minute in areas of greatest saturated thickness. Additional large quantities of water are available for short-term supplies from the saturated basaltic cinders west and northwest of the town of Capulin. Wells completed in the cinders reportedly have produced as much as 2,000 gallons per minute. The chemical quality of water in the alluvium and cinder aquifers appears to be chemically satisfactory for municipal use. The ground water in storage is sufficient to supplement Raton, New Mexico's water needs to the year 2030 at the water demand rate projected by the Bureau of Reclamation. (Woodard-USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7979","usgsCitation":"Hart, D., and Smith, C., 1979, Ground water in the vicinity of Capulin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-79, vi, 58 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7979.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Capulin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.0024185180664,\n 36.734757085755014\n ],\n [\n -103.98696899414062,\n 36.734757085755014\n ],\n [\n -103.98696899414062,\n 36.746037132416475\n ],\n [\n -104.0024185180664,\n 36.746037132416475\n ],\n [\n -104.0024185180664,\n 36.734757085755014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, D.L. Jr.","contributorId":49403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"D.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Christian","contributorId":95065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28294,"text":"wri794 - 1979 - Analytical method for dissolved-organic carbon fractionation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-06T13:58:46","indexId":"wri794","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-4","title":"Analytical method for dissolved-organic carbon fractionation","docAbstract":"A standard procedure for analytical-scale dissolved organic carbon fractionation is presented, whereby dissolved organic carbon in water is first fractionated by a nonionic macroreticular resin into acid, base, and neutral hydrophobic organic solute fractions, and next fractionated by ion-exchange resins into acid, base, and neutral hydrophilic solute fractions. The hydrophobic solutes are defined as those sorbed on a nonionic, acrylic-ester macroreticular resin and are differentiated into acid, base, and nautral fractions by sorption/desorption controlled by pH adjustment. The hydrophilic bases are next sorbed on strong-acid ion-exchange resin, followed by sorption of hydrophilic acids on a strong-base ion-exchange resin. Hydrophilic neutrals are not sorbed and remain dissolved in the deionized water at the end of the fractionation procedure. The complete fractionation can be performed on a 200-milliliter filtered water sample, whose dissolved organic carbon content is 5-25 mg/L and whose specific conductance is less than 2,000 μmhos/cm at 25°C. The applications of dissolved organic carbon fractionation analysis range from field studies of changes of organic solute composition with synthetic fossil fuel production, to fundamental studies of the nature of sorption processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri794","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J.A., and Huffman, E.W., 1979, Analytical method for dissolved-organic carbon fractionation: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-4, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri794.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":349809,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67fa01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, Jerry A.","contributorId":72420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, Edward W. D. Jr.","contributorId":79519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Edward","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27297,"text":"wri7946 - 1979 - Hydrology of major estuaries and sounds of North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-29T20:57:00.661991","indexId":"wri7946","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-46","title":"Hydrology of major estuaries and sounds of North Carolina","docAbstract":"Hydrology-related problems associated with North Carolina's major estuaries and sounds include contamination of some estuaries with municipal and industrial wastes and drainage from adjacent intensively-farmed areas, and nuisance-level algal blooms. In addition, there is excessive shoaling in some navigation channels, saltwater intrusion into usually fresh estuarine reaches, too-high or too-low salinities in nursery areas for various estuarine species, and flood damage due to hurricanes.
The Cape Fear River is the only major North Carolina estuary having a direct connection to the sea. Short-term flow throughout most of its length is dominated by ocean tides. The estuarine reaches of the Neuse-Trent, Tar-Pamlico, Chowan, and Roanoke River systems are at least partly shielded from the effects of ocean tides by the Outer Banks and the broad expanses of Pamlico and Albemarle Sounds. With the probable exception of the Roanoke River, winds are usually the dominant short-term current-producing force in these estuaries and in most of Pamlico and Albemarle Sounds.
Freshwater entering the major estuaries is, where not contaminated, of acceptable quality for drinking with minimum treatment. However, iron concentrations in excess of 0.3 milligrams per liter sometimes occur and water draining from swampy areas along the Coastal Plain is often highly colored, but these problems may be remedied with proper treatment. Nuisance-level algal blooms have been a recurring problem on the lower estuarine reaches of the Neuse, Tar-Pamlico, and Chowan rivers where nutrients (compounds of phosphorous and nitrogen) are abundant. The most destructive blooms tend to occur in the summer months during periods of low freshwater discharge and relatively high water temperatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7946","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development","usgsCitation":"Giese, G.L., Wilder, H.B., and Parker, G.G., 1979, Hydrology of major estuaries and sounds of North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-46, Report: xiii, 175 p.; 1 Plate: 20.68 x 19.67 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7946.","productDescription":"Report: xiii, 175 p.; 1 Plate: 20.68 x 19.67 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379936,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0046/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":379935,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0046/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.753765,35.199612],[-75.718015,35.209377],[-75.684006,35.232913],[-75.664512,35.227514],[-75.630358,35.238487],[-75.599005,35.256253],[-75.596915,35.269491],[-75.581935,35.263917],[-75.535741,35.272856],[-75.529393,35.288272],[-75.487678,35.485056],[-75.487528,35.525889],[-75.47861,35.553069],[-75.48133,35.622896],[-75.487678,35.648287],[-75.507385,35.680564],[-75.515397,35.73038],[-75.533512,35.773577],[-75.522232,35.774178],[-75.496086,35.728515],[-75.458659,35.596597],[-75.471355,35.479615],[-75.486771,35.391652],[-75.52592,35.233839],[-75.533627,35.225825],[-75.560225,35.232048],[-75.610101,35.227514],[-75.769705,35.180359],[-75.944725,35.105091],[-76.013145,35.061855],[-76.013561,35.068832],[-75.99188,35.092395],[-75.989175,35.115165],[-75.98395,35.120042],[-75.9547,35.1196],[-75.893942,35.150433],[-75.801444,35.183079],[-75.785729,35.194244],[-75.753765,35.199612]]],[[[-75.675245,35.929024],[-75.65954,35.919564],[-75.662019,35.906522],[-75.64512,35.905788],[-75.62767,35.883149],[-75.616833,35.856331],[-75.619772,35.847606],[-75.614361,35.815659],[-75.620454,35.809253],[-75.63898,35.818639],[-75.667891,35.82354],[-75.675054,35.830204],[-75.660086,35.83861],[-75.663356,35.869835],[-75.67283,35.882423],[-75.681415,35.88398],[-75.697672,35.901639],[-75.696871,35.909556],[-75.702165,35.915428],[-75.723782,35.925569],[-75.727251,35.93362],[-75.718266,35.939714],[-75.705323,35.939403],[-75.675245,35.929024]]],[[[-76.12236,36.550621],[-75.867044,36.550754],[-75.818735,36.357579],[-75.773329,36.231529],[-75.71831,36.113674],[-75.658537,36.02043],[-75.569794,35.863301],[-75.533012,35.787377],[-75.536428,35.780118],[-75.543259,35.779691],[-75.573083,35.828867],[-75.588878,35.844926],[-75.619151,35.889415],[-75.620114,35.925288],[-75.648899,35.965758],[-75.668379,35.978394],[-75.678909,35.993925],[-75.723662,36.003139],[-75.727084,36.01051],[-75.722609,36.037362],[-75.737088,36.040784],[-75.74051,36.046839],[-75.73972,36.07527],[-75.75572,36.153922],[-75.783676,36.215949],[-75.811588,36.244014],[-75.808165,36.259545],[-75.814483,36.285344],[-75.822907,36.291662],[-75.837913,36.294558],[-75.845284,36.305614],[-75.841335,36.328517],[-75.831858,36.339047],[-75.831595,36.346418],[-75.836201,36.363135],[-75.85147,36.379456],[-75.85147,36.415785],[-75.864106,36.430527],[-75.888325,36.441583],[-75.899908,36.482124],[-75.907279,36.485809],[-75.924127,36.482124],[-75.935473,36.490601],[-75.972545,36.494671],[-76.003708,36.506235],[-76.023627,36.500778],[-76.031949,36.482496],[-76.012337,36.447462],[-75.98005,36.435464],[-75.962285,36.41724],[-75.940676,36.41885],[-75.928369,36.428588],[-75.923601,36.425788],[-75.916409,36.38901],[-75.923331,36.361863],[-75.895285,36.319615],[-75.882154,36.284674],[-75.864933,36.284674],[-75.86052,36.280607],[-75.867356,36.252483],[-75.864154,36.235522],[-75.858703,36.222628],[-75.848838,36.21657],[-75.838367,36.200129],[-75.839924,36.17711],[-75.823915,36.158332],[-75.822531,36.145957],[-75.800378,36.112728],[-75.791637,36.082267],[-75.793974,36.07171],[-75.836084,36.092616],[-75.867792,36.127262],[-75.863914,36.159226],[-75.882987,36.186807],[-75.910658,36.212157],[-75.922344,36.244122],[-75.94984,36.25787],[-75.96462,36.254433],[-75.957058,36.247903],[-75.945372,36.222468],[-75.956027,36.198065],[-75.936436,36.18088],[-75.904999,36.164188],[-75.939047,36.165518],[-76.016984,36.186367],[-76.029086,36.202036],[-76.043838,36.210126],[-76.054308,36.229162],[-76.08148,36.237935],[-76.132005,36.287773],[-76.184702,36.298166],[-76.188717,36.281242],[-76.171378,36.265806],[-76.149486,36.263902],[-76.115851,36.214219],[-76.080106,36.19944],[-76.05992,36.15514],[-76.064224,36.143775],[-76.092555,36.135794],[-76.178946,36.123424],[-76.206873,36.137521],[-76.254064,36.18419],[-76.273316,36.189062],[-76.27699,36.184952],[-76.247401,36.161823],[-76.228527,36.130647],[-76.191715,36.107197],[-76.216599,36.095409],[-76.265037,36.104886],[-76.329921,36.133396],[-76.373571,36.138208],[-76.3935,36.163251],[-76.447812,36.192514],[-76.454414,36.189901],[-76.456061,36.183577],[-76.375892,36.12042],[-76.346418,36.121023],[-76.334965,36.110903],[-76.298733,36.1012],[-76.303998,36.092776],[-76.323478,36.084879],[-76.355069,36.086458],[-76.410878,36.078034],[-76.420881,36.06066],[-76.451418,36.039073],[-76.459316,36.024331],[-76.491959,36.018013],[-76.514335,36.00564],[-76.547505,36.009852],[-76.580674,36.00722],[-76.60384,36.033018],[-76.615423,36.037757],[-76.653332,36.035124],[-76.676484,36.043612],[-76.721445,36.147838],[-76.719401,36.199441],[-76.675462,36.266882],[-76.693253,36.278357],[-76.744436,36.212725],[-76.7521,36.147328],[-76.722996,36.066585],[-76.679657,35.991951],[-76.70019,35.964573],[-76.692376,35.945342],[-76.667547,35.933509],[-76.528551,35.944039],[-76.473795,35.960888],[-76.460632,35.970365],[-76.398242,35.984317],[-76.38192,35.971681],[-76.381394,35.96273],[-76.362966,35.942197],[-76.340327,35.94325],[-76.317687,35.946935],[-76.272408,35.972734],[-76.213966,35.988002],[-76.176585,35.993267],[-76.093697,35.993001],[-76.083131,35.989845],[-76.062071,35.993004],[-76.024162,35.970891],[-76.014159,35.957202],[-76.01995,35.934036],[-76.014353,35.920746],[-76.063203,35.853433],[-76.050485,35.806689],[-76.046813,35.717935],[-76.036393,35.690344],[-76.046361,35.659067],[-76.04015,35.65131],[-76.029863,35.649443],[-76.013808,35.669103],[-75.9869,35.768194],[-75.987148,35.836967],[-75.97783,35.897181],[-75.962562,35.901393],[-75.94782,35.920347],[-75.927286,35.93193],[-75.92676,35.940354],[-75.943608,35.952464],[-75.947293,35.959835],[-75.899382,35.977209],[-75.84989,35.976156],[-75.80935,35.959308],[-75.800926,35.944566],[-75.782498,35.935615],[-75.778813,35.918241],[-75.751961,35.878227],[-75.748276,35.852428],[-75.734587,35.839266],[-75.727216,35.822703],[-75.726689,35.811361],[-75.739357,35.770994],[-75.724743,35.742892],[-75.71294,35.69849],[-75.713502,35.693993],[-75.741605,35.672073],[-75.742167,35.655212],[-75.729802,35.625985],[-75.747225,35.610248],[-75.778138,35.592262],[-75.775328,35.579335],[-75.837154,35.570904],[-75.859636,35.586641],[-75.895045,35.573152],[-75.916403,35.538305],[-75.950126,35.530998],[-75.964178,35.511326],[-75.963053,35.493903],[-75.987222,35.484348],[-75.995652,35.475355],[-75.997901,35.453435],[-76.009704,35.442194],[-76.01139,35.423084],[-76.020945,35.410719],[-76.025441,35.408471],[-76.050171,35.415778],[-76.059726,35.410157],[-76.063661,35.405099],[-76.059726,35.383741],[-76.069281,35.370813],[-76.132793,35.349455],[-76.14291,35.338776],[-76.14291,35.32866],[-76.149655,35.326411],[-76.182254,35.336528],[-76.20586,35.336528],[-76.235087,35.350017],[-76.253072,35.350017],[-76.257569,35.344397],[-76.265437,35.343273],[-76.282299,35.345521],[-76.304781,35.355638],[-76.327263,35.356762],[-76.335132,35.355638],[-76.340752,35.346645],[-76.349745,35.345521],[-76.382344,35.356762],[-76.399206,35.348893],[-76.408199,35.350017],[-76.431805,35.362383],[-76.436301,35.37812],[-76.448666,35.383741],[-76.462156,35.380368],[-76.472273,35.371375],[-76.485762,35.371375],[-76.540292,35.410657],[-76.586349,35.508957],[-76.476706,35.511707],[-76.456427,35.550546],[-76.471207,35.55742],[-76.48358,35.538172],[-76.55679,35.528892],[-76.600441,35.538516],[-76.634468,35.510332],[-76.601472,35.460838],[-76.580187,35.387113],[-76.606041,35.387113],[-76.710083,35.427155],[-76.759234,35.418906],[-76.830897,35.447949],[-76.942022,35.473529],[-77.023912,35.514802],[-77.026638,35.490569],[-76.967214,35.438296],[-76.891938,35.433649],[-76.664027,35.345696],[-76.500375,35.321915],[-76.482389,35.314046],[-76.467776,35.276951],[-76.467776,35.261213],[-76.477893,35.243228],[-76.490258,35.233111],[-76.494755,35.212877],[-76.521733,35.192643],[-76.536346,35.174657],[-76.539719,35.166788],[-76.536346,35.142058],[-76.546463,35.122948],[-76.557704,35.116204],[-76.568945,35.097094],[-76.60042,35.067867],[-76.631895,35.056626],[-76.801426,34.964369],[-76.982904,35.060607],[-76.989778,35.045484],[-76.977404,35.004926],[-76.89354,34.957495],[-76.762931,34.920374],[-76.635072,34.989116],[-76.588055,34.991428],[-76.566697,34.998173],[-76.502623,35.007166],[-76.491382,35.017283],[-76.490258,35.034144],[-76.474521,35.070116],[-76.463468,35.076411],[-76.435762,35.057941],[-76.425461,35.001464],[-76.395625,34.975179],[-76.332044,34.970917],[-76.326361,34.976245],[-76.329557,34.986901],[-76.364367,35.034853],[-76.318546,35.020645],[-76.288354,35.005726],[-76.296524,34.976245],[-76.275567,34.960971],[-76.277698,34.940014],[-76.347673,34.872171],[-76.368274,34.872881],[-76.379641,34.86258],[-76.400242,34.855476],[-76.463016,34.785076],[-76.524712,34.681964],[-76.586236,34.698805],[-76.582421,34.767757],[-76.604796,34.787482],[-76.620606,34.784389],[-76.616567,34.714059],[-76.673619,34.71491],[-76.673537,34.70757],[-76.523303,34.652271],[-76.383827,34.807906],[-76.322808,34.86116],[-76.233672,34.925926],[-76.093349,35.048705],[-76.069906,35.075701],[-76.043621,35.070017],[-76.035933,35.058987],[-76.137269,34.987858],[-76.233088,34.905477],[-76.31021,34.852309],[-76.386804,34.784579],[-76.494068,34.66197],[-76.524199,34.615416],[-76.535946,34.588577],[-76.555196,34.615993],[-76.549343,34.645585],[-76.579467,34.660174],[-76.642939,34.677618],[-76.676312,34.693151],[-76.770044,34.696899],[-76.817453,34.693722],[-76.990262,34.669623],[-77.136843,34.632926],[-77.209161,34.605032],[-77.322524,34.535574],[-77.462922,34.471354],[-77.556943,34.417218],[-77.661673,34.341868],[-77.740136,34.272546],[-77.829209,34.162618],[-77.878161,34.067963],[-77.915536,33.971723],[-77.946568,33.912261],[-77.960172,33.853315],[-77.970606,33.844517],[-78.009973,33.861406],[-78.018689,33.888289],[-78.095429,33.906031],[-78.17772,33.914272],[-78.276147,33.912364],[-78.383964,33.901946],[-78.509042,33.865515],[-78.541087,33.851112],[-79.358317,34.545358],[-79.675299,34.804744],[-80.797543,34.819786],[-80.782042,34.935782],[-80.93495,35.107409],[-81.041489,35.044703],[-81.057648,35.062433],[-81.058029,35.07319],[-81.052078,35.096276],[-81.032806,35.108049],[-81.038968,35.126299],[-81.05042,35.131048],[-81.044391,35.147918],[-81.239358,35.159974],[-82.27492,35.200071],[-82.314863,35.191089],[-82.32335,35.184789],[-82.344554,35.193115],[-82.361469,35.190831],[-82.36899,35.181747],[-82.379712,35.186884],[-82.378744,35.198053],[-82.390439,35.215395],[-82.403348,35.204473],[-82.417597,35.200131],[-82.439595,35.165863],[-82.448969,35.165037],[-82.455609,35.177425],[-82.460092,35.178143],[-82.483937,35.173798],[-82.495506,35.164312],[-82.516044,35.163442],[-82.529973,35.155617],[-82.550508,35.159498],[-82.556168,35.151736],[-82.563767,35.151575],[-82.578316,35.142104],[-82.609706,35.139039],[-82.629031,35.126155],[-82.642237,35.129215],[-82.662381,35.118123],[-82.683625,35.125833],[-82.694898,35.098456],[-82.72701,35.094142],[-82.738379,35.079453],[-82.749491,35.078487],[-82.757704,35.068019],[-82.777376,35.064143],[-82.781973,35.066817],[-82.776357,35.081349],[-82.787867,35.085024],[-83.108535,35.000771],[-83.620185,34.992091],[-83.619985,34.986592],[-84.321869,34.988408],[-84.29024,35.225572],[-84.28322,35.226577],[-84.223718,35.269078],[-84.211818,35.266078],[-84.202879,35.255772],[-84.200117,35.244679],[-84.188417,35.239979],[-84.170416,35.245779],[-84.12889,35.243679],[-84.12115,35.250644],[-84.097508,35.247382],[-84.081117,35.261146],[-84.052612,35.269982],[-84.02141,35.301383],[-84.02651,35.309283],[-84.03501,35.311983],[-84.029377,35.333197],[-84.038081,35.348363],[-84.024756,35.353896],[-84.007586,35.371661],[-84.008207,35.389683],[-84.021782,35.407418],[-84.00225,35.422548],[-83.992568,35.438065],[-83.973057,35.448921],[-83.971439,35.455145],[-83.966656,35.454941],[-83.961054,35.462838],[-83.949389,35.461164],[-83.937015,35.471511],[-83.911773,35.476028],[-83.905612,35.48906],[-83.880074,35.518745],[-83.859261,35.521851],[-83.848502,35.519259],[-83.827428,35.524653],[-83.802434,35.541588],[-83.780129,35.550387],[-83.771736,35.562118],[-83.749894,35.561146],[-83.735669,35.565455],[-83.723459,35.561874],[-83.707199,35.568533],[-83.676268,35.570289],[-83.640498,35.566075],[-83.608889,35.579451],[-83.582,35.562684],[-83.56609,35.565993],[-83.498335,35.562981],[-83.485527,35.568204],[-83.479317,35.582764],[-83.455722,35.598045],[-83.445802,35.611803],[-83.421576,35.611186],[-83.396626,35.62272],[-83.388602,35.632352],[-83.366941,35.638728],[-83.35156,35.659858],[-83.334965,35.665471],[-83.321101,35.662815],[-83.312757,35.654809],[-83.297154,35.65775],[-83.290682,35.672638],[-83.258117,35.691924],[-83.255489,35.714974],[-83.251247,35.719916],[-83.240669,35.72676],[-83.214501,35.724434],[-83.18837,35.729798],[-83.159208,35.764892],[-83.120183,35.766234],[-83.07403,35.790016],[-83.036209,35.787405],[-83.001473,35.773752],[-82.992053,35.773948],[-82.964088,35.78998],[-82.961724,35.800491],[-82.945515,35.824662],[-82.920171,35.841664],[-82.918312,35.863977],[-82.901301,35.872593],[-82.901843,35.890274],[-82.911936,35.921618],[-82.901577,35.931446],[-82.898506,35.9451],[-82.874159,35.952698],[-82.860724,35.94743],[-82.852554,35.949089],[-82.826045,35.929721],[-82.82257,35.922531],[-82.804997,35.927168],[-82.805771,35.935316],[-82.800431,35.944155],[-82.787465,35.952163],[-82.785356,35.96253],[-82.774905,35.971978],[-82.785558,35.977795],[-82.785267,35.987927],[-82.776001,36.000103],[-82.750065,36.006004],[-82.688865,36.038604],[-82.684765,36.045004],[-82.637165,36.065805],[-82.618664,36.056105],[-82.618164,36.047005],[-82.609663,36.044906],[-82.596177,36.03188],[-82.595525,36.026012],[-82.614362,36.003506],[-82.613028,35.994],[-82.604239,35.987319],[-82.610889,35.967409],[-82.581003,35.965557],[-82.576678,35.959255],[-82.557874,35.953901],[-82.549682,35.964275],[-82.507068,35.977475],[-82.483498,35.996284],[-82.460658,36.007809],[-82.409458,36.083409],[-82.355157,36.115609],[-82.336756,36.114909],[-82.321448,36.119551],[-82.289455,36.13571],[-82.270954,36.12761],[-82.260353,36.13371],[-82.247521,36.130865],[-82.213852,36.159112],[-82.182549,36.143714],[-82.147948,36.149516],[-82.136547,36.128817],[-82.137974,36.119576],[-82.127146,36.104417],[-82.105444,36.108119],[-82.080303,36.105728],[-82.061342,36.113121],[-82.054142,36.126821],[-82.033141,36.120422],[-81.908137,36.302013],[-81.879382,36.313767],[-81.857333,36.334787],[-81.841268,36.343321],[-81.800812,36.358073],[-81.766102,36.338517],[-81.730976,36.341187],[-81.707438,36.335171],[-81.707785,36.346007],[-81.721334,36.353101],[-81.732865,36.376502],[-81.729813,36.388033],[-81.737952,36.39719],[-81.739648,36.406686],[-81.720734,36.422537],[-81.715229,36.436532],[-81.71489,36.45722],[-81.695311,36.467912],[-81.697829,36.507544],[-81.707573,36.526101],[-81.707963,36.536209],[-81.699962,36.536829],[-81.69003,36.552154],[-81.690236,36.568718],[-81.677036,36.570718],[-81.677535,36.588117],[-81.003802,36.563629],[-80.837954,36.559131],[-80.704831,36.562319],[-80.295243,36.543973],[-80.122183,36.542646],[-78.529722,36.540981],[-77.16966,36.547315],[-77.152691,36.544078],[-76.916048,36.543815],[-76.916989,36.550742],[-76.12236,36.550621]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"North Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601eed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giese, G. L.","contributorId":44898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giese","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilder, Hugh B.","contributorId":83899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilder","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Garald G. Jr.","contributorId":20310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Garald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27006,"text":"wri7917 - 1979 - Water-quality assessment of Rattlesnake Creek watershed, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T10:32:55","indexId":"wri7917","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-17","title":"Water-quality assessment of Rattlesnake Creek watershed, Ohio","docAbstract":"Chemical and biological water quality in Rattlesnake Creek basin, Ohio, are evaluated. The data include field and laboratory data for eight sites during August 1976- August 1977 and summaries of earlier (1972-76) data.
Streamflow was below normal during the study period. Basin waters types were calcium bicarbonate or calcium magnesium bicarbonate. Specific conductance ranged from 405 to 1,300 micromhos per centimeter. High concentrations of sodium (110-140 milligrams per liter) , nitrogen (24 milligrams per liter as N), and phosphorus (7.8 milligrams per liter as P) were observed during low flows downstream from domestic sewage facilities. Nonpoint sources contributed high concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen to all streams during the high flows of winter and spring.
Dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the upper basin ranged from 3.2 to 18.4 milligrams per liter. Mean saturation values of dissolved oxygen were at or near 100 percent in the lower basin. Stream pH exceeded 8.4 when dissolved-oxygen saturation was above 120 percent. Bacteria and invertebrate data suggest that moderate pollution from cultural sources may exist in the upper basin.
Water quality was poorest in the sluggish flows of the upper basin but improved downstream. Increases in flow velocity and stream aeration rates, dilution, and biological activity contributed to the downstream recovery. Except for' high nitrogen concentrations, water quality was best in the lower basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Columbus, OH","doi":"10.3133/wri7917","usgsCitation":"Evans, K.F., and Tobin, R.L., 1979, Water-quality assessment of Rattlesnake Creek watershed, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-17, v, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7917.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330807,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Rattlesnake Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.748779296875,\n 39.25565142103588\n ],\n [\n -83.748779296875,\n 39.756824261131406\n ],\n [\n -83.39584350585938,\n 39.756824261131406\n ],\n [\n -83.39584350585938,\n 39.25565142103588\n ],\n [\n -83.748779296875,\n 39.25565142103588\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, Kenneth F.","contributorId":53755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tobin, Robert L.","contributorId":76289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tobin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27583,"text":"wri7981 - 1979 - Estimation of floods of various frequencies for the small ephemeral streams in eastern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-05T11:36:39","indexId":"wri7981","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-81","title":"Estimation of floods of various frequencies for the small ephemeral streams in eastern Washington","docAbstract":"Equations were developed to estimate the magnitude of floods for various occurrence frequencies at ungaged sites on ephemeral streams that drain small, relatively undeveloped basins in the semiarid part of eastern Washington. The equations were developed from regression analyses that used the logarithms of the longitude indexes of gaged sites, forest cover, and drainage areas of the upstream basins as independent variables and the logarithms of the discharges for selected exceedance-probabilities at the gaged sites were used as dependent variables. These equations may be used to estimate floodflows with probabilities of being exceeded in any year of 50, 20, 10, 4, 2, and 1 percent in natural-flow ephemeral streams that drain relatively undeveloped basins with areas and forest covers less than about 40 square miles and 30 percent, respectively. The standard errors of estimate for the equations range from 57 to 100 percent. Equations that use longitude index as a surrogate for a precipitation index more accurately estimate floods than do equations that use mean annual precipitation, which, in turn, are better than the equations that use the 24-hour precipitation with an exceedance probability of 50 percent. (Kosco-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7981","usgsCitation":"Haushild, W., 1979, Estimation of floods of various frequencies for the small ephemeral streams in eastern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-81, iv, 22 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7981.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0081/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":366254,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0081/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.9912109375,\n 45.61403741135093\n ],\n [\n -120.16845703125,\n 45.61403741135093\n ],\n [\n -120.16845703125,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -125.9912109375,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -125.9912109375,\n 45.61403741135093\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbbea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haushild, W.L.","contributorId":48953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haushild","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26642,"text":"wri796 - 1979 - Hydrogeologic features of the alluvial deposits in the Greybull River valley, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri796","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-6","title":"Hydrogeologic features of the alluvial deposits in the Greybull River valley, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The alluvial aquifer along the Greybull River in Wyoming, consists principally of the Greybull terrace doposits and flood-plain alluvium but also includes Burlington terrace deposits east of Burlington, the McKinnie terrace, and the younger, generally undissected alluvial-fan deposits. Well-log data and 18 surface-resistivity measurements at four localities indicate that the thickness of the alluvial aquifer is as much as 60 feet thick only near Burlington and Otto. The most favorable area for development of ground water from the alluvial aquifer is near Burlington and Otto where relatively large amounts of water can be obtained from the Greybull terrace deposits and the flood-plain alluvium. Elsewhere, the deposits of the alluvial aquifer yield only small amounts of water to wells. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri796","usgsCitation":"Cooley, M.E., and Head, W.J., 1979, Hydrogeologic features of the alluvial deposits in the Greybull River valley, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-6, iv, 38 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri796.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0006/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55514,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0006/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55515,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0006/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55516,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0006/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55517,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0006/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55518,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0006/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627dca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, M. E.","contributorId":89868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Head, W. J.","contributorId":33719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27586,"text":"wri804 - 1979 - Experimental salinity alleviation at Malaga Bend of the Pecos River, Eddy County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-02T10:32:24","indexId":"wri804","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-4","title":"Experimental salinity alleviation at Malaga Bend of the Pecos River, Eddy County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Upward-leaking brine, from a confined aquifer at the base of the Rustler Formation, mixes with fresher water in a shallow aquifer, resulting in discharge to the Pecos River in southern Eddy County, New Mexico, of about 0.5 cubic feet per second of saturated brine. Pumping brine from the aquifer at a rate greater than 0.5 cubic feet per second lowered the potentiometric head in the confined aquifer.
From July 22, 1963 through December 1968, approximately 3,Et73 acre-feet of brine had been pumped. Total brine storage in July 1963 was 540 acre-feet, including about 200 acre-feet of salt precipitate. From 1963 to 1968, water downgradient of the storage depression increased in chloride concentration by amounts ranging from 1,500 to 99,400 milligrams per liter, and water levels near the depression increased over 3 feet.
For water years 1952-63, the Pecos River gained about 240 tons per day of chloride in the reach from Malaga gaging station to Pierce Canyon Crossing. In the same reach, the average chloride gain to the Pecos River from July 1963 to August 1966 was 167 tons per day; in 1967-68 the gain increased to 256 tons per day following a major flood in August 1966.
Seepage investigations made prior to pumping of the brine aquifer show that the main area contributing brine to the river was located between the Malaga gage and well USGS 11. In 1968 most of the brine inflow apparently entered the river downstream of the Malaga-USGS 11 reach. The head in the brine aquifer was lowered and discharge to the river was decreased above the Malaga gage. Leakage from the depression contributed salts to the river below the Malaga gage during brine pumpage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri804","usgsCitation":"Havens, J., and Wilkins, D.W., 1979, Experimental salinity alleviation at Malaga Bend of the Pecos River, Eddy County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-4, viii, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri804.","productDescription":"viii, 65 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359113,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Eddy County","otherGeospatial":"Pecos River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.45,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -103.75,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -103.75,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -104.45,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -104.45,\n 32\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4cbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Havens, John S.","contributorId":13949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havens","given":"John S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilkins, D. W.","contributorId":97471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26826,"text":"wri7844 - 1979 - Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Ross Lake, Snohomish County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-05T15:15:23","indexId":"wri7844","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-44","title":"Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Ross Lake, Snohomish County, Washington","docAbstract":"A study of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Ross Lake in 1975 showed that the lake has no well-defined surface-water inflow and that thermal stratification is well established in summer. The water is of a calcium bicarbonate type, which is typical of lakes in western Washington.
Biological productivity in the lake was low, as indicated by low to moderate chlorophyll a concentrations, by the general lack of submersed plants on the lake bottom, and by the moderate dissolved-oxygen depletion in the deeper zones during thermal stratification. The productivity probably was limited by the amount of phosphorus available. Increased productivity and the resulting growth of nuisance plants can be avoided by limiting phosphate inputs to the lake to their present or lesser rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7844","usgsCitation":"Dion, N.P., 1979, Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of Ross Lake, Snohomish County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-44, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7844.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Snohomish County","otherGeospatial":"Ross Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.23301768302919,\n 48.09022030705596\n ],\n [\n -122.22711682319641,\n 48.09022030705596\n ],\n [\n -122.22711682319641,\n 48.09355258854631\n ],\n [\n -122.23301768302919,\n 48.09355258854631\n ],\n [\n -122.23301768302919,\n 48.09022030705596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dion, N. P.","contributorId":33302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dion","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27022,"text":"wri79106 - 1979 - Geohydrology and digital-simulation model of the Farrington aquifer in the northern coastal plain of New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-20T01:01:36","indexId":"wri79106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-106","title":"Geohydrology and digital-simulation model of the Farrington aquifer in the northern coastal plain of New Jersey","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional digital-computer flow model was developed to simulate the Farrington aquifer in the northern part of the Coastal Plain of New Jersey. The area of detailed study includes approximately 500 square miles in Middlesex and Monmouth Couties where the aquifer provides a large part of the municipal and industrial water supply. The area modeled is much larger, extending seaward as well as northeastward into Long Island. The aquifer consists chiefly of the Farrington Sand Member of the Raritan Formation and is composed of sand and some gravel. It thickens from a featheredge in outcrop to more than 170 feet, 11 miles to the southeast. The confining unit between the Farrington and the overlying Old Bridge Sand Member of the Magothy Formation consists primarily of the Woodbridge Clay Member of the Raritan Formation and has a maximum thickness of 244 feet. The model simulates both water-table and artesian conditions. The confining unit overlying the Farrington aquifer is simulated as having a variable thickness and vertical hydraulic conductivity. The effect of a declining water level in the overlying Old Bridge aquifer on the Farrington aquifer is also simulated by the model. Values used to describe the hydraulic properties of the Farrington aquifer are: a hydraulic conductivity of 105 feet per day, a storage coefficient of 1.6 x 10-4 for artesian conditions, and a specific yield of 0.25 for water-table conditions. Values for the overlying confining unit are: a vertical hydraulic conductivity ranging from 4.2 x 10-7 to 1.0 x 10-10 feet per second and a specific storage of 4 x 10-5 feet-1. Aquifer simulation for the 15-year period, 1959-73, was used to calibrage the model. The model was calibrated by comparing the observed potentiometric surface of November 1973 with the simulated potentiometric surface. In addition, hydrographs for selected wells were compared with model results. Ground-water withdrawals for 1959 and 1973 were 12.1 and 28.5 milion gallons per day, respectively. Potentiometric surfaces for 1985 and 2000 were computed based on a linear projection of ground-water withdrawals (39.5 and 56.9 million gallons per day in 1985 and 2000, respectively) of the period 1959 through 1973. These surfaces are deeper than that of November, 1973, and the cone of depression is wider. The potentiometric head projected by the model in the vicinity of Sayreville will be more than 150 feet below mean sea level by 2000; the head in this area was 70 feet below sea level in 1973. The model calculated ground-water budgets for steady-state and transient conditions for the entire modeled area and for several rectangular subareas. Ground-water flow into the modeled Farrington aquifer under steady-state conditions before ground-water development was 16 cubic feet per second for the entire area. Recharge in the outcrop area and vertical leakage from the Old Bridge was 8 cubic feet per second each. Approximately 75 percent of the discharge occurred as seepage into surface-water bodies in and near the outcrop and as lateral flow southwestward into Burlington County near the outcrop area. The remaining 25 percent occurred southeast of the outcrop as vertical leakage into the overlying Old Bridge aquifer and as lateral flow to the south into Ocean and Burlington Counties. A transient water budget for 1973 was calculated for a subarea consisting mainly of Middlesex County. The model indicates that 48 percent (14.3 cubic feet per second) of the total inflow to the subareas was through its boundaries. Other sources of water include direct recharge within the subarea (5.4 cubic feet per second), vertical leakage (mainly from the Old Bridge) within the subarea (2.6 cubic feet per second), and water released from storage (3.4 cubic feet per second). Discharge from the subarea consisted mainly of withdrawals (26.5 cubic feet per second). It also included vertical leakage to the Old Bridge and discharge to surface-water bodies simulated by constant-head nodes (3.2 cubic feet per second).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri79106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Farlekas, G.M., 1979, Geohydrology and digital-simulation model of the Farrington aquifer in the northern coastal plain of New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-106, vi, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri79106.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_79_106.gif"},{"id":257664,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/preview/wri/1979/106/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Burlington;Middlesex;Monmouth;Ocean","otherGeospatial":"Farrington Aquifer;Long Island;Old Bridge Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,39 ], [ -75,41.5 ], [ -72.25,41.5 ], [ -72.25,39 ], [ -75,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farlekas, George M.","contributorId":44963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farlekas","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27266,"text":"wri7929 - 1979 - Red Cedar River basin, Wisconsin: Low-flow characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T22:52:50.432531","indexId":"wri7929","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-29","title":"Red Cedar River basin, Wisconsin: Low-flow characteristics","docAbstract":"Low-flow characteristics in the Red Cedar River basin, Wis., where surplus water may be diverted, and methods to determine low-flow characteristics at additional sites are presented. The low-flow characteristics were determined by various methods at 71 sites. For the three gaging stations in the basin, frequency analysis was used to determine the low-flow characteristics. At 17 partial-record sites correlation analyses were used to estimate the low-flow characteristics. Where only a single base-flow measurement was available (41 sites), equations were developed to estimate low-flow characteristics. The relationships were determined from multiple-regression analyses that related low-flow characteristics at gaging stations, low-flow partial-record stations, and sewage-treatment-plant sites to the drainage area and base-flow index values. The standard errors of estimate were determined to be 25 percent for the Q7,2 equation and 34 percent for the Q7,10 equation. For the main stem of the Red Cedar River where only one discharge measurement was available the low-flow characteristics were determined from a drainage area-discharge relationship. Low-flow characteristics were determined at an additional 30 sites in the Red Cedar River basin by various methods. The method used for these sites depended upon the type and amount of data available at each site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7929","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Gebert, W., 1979, Red Cedar River basin, Wisconsin: Low-flow characteristics: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-29, Report: iii, 12 p.; 1 Plate: 15.00 x 17.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7929.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 12 p.; 1 Plate: 15.00 x 17.25 inches","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393172,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35303.htm"},{"id":158619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0029/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56147,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56146,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0029/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Red Cedar River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.167,\n 45.045\n ],\n [\n -92.167,\n 45.822\n ],\n [\n -91.417,\n 45.822\n ],\n [\n -91.417,\n 45.045\n ],\n [\n -92.167,\n 45.045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gebert, W.A.","contributorId":71555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26821,"text":"wri7963 - 1979 - Environmental features, general hydrology, and external sources of nutrients affecting Wilderness Lake, King County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-05T11:26:57","indexId":"wri7963","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-63","title":"Environmental features, general hydrology, and external sources of nutrients affecting Wilderness Lake, King County, Washington","docAbstract":"A water budget prepared for Wilderness Lake, a candidate for lake-quality restoration, indicates that of the 530 acre-feet of water that enters the lake each year, 170 acre-feet is from precipitation and 360 acre-feet is from groundwater inflow. An equal amount leaves the lake, and of this, 380 acre-feet is by surface runoff, 8 acre-feet is by groundwater seepage, and 140 acre-feet is by evaporation. Based on these amounts of inflow and outflow, the theoretical water-renewal time of the lake is calculated to be 2.6 years. The annual contributions of nitrogen and phosphorus to the lake from precipitation, natural ground water, and septic-tank leachate are about 920 kilograms nitrogen and 38 kilograms phosphorus. Nitrogen and phosphorus contributions from other sources were not assessed but could be significant. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7963","usgsCitation":"Dion, N.P., 1979, Environmental features, general hydrology, and external sources of nutrients affecting Wilderness Lake, King County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-63, v, 27 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7963.","productDescription":"v, 27 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366246,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0063/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0063/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"King County","otherGeospatial":"Wilderness Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.03922271728514,\n 47.36929191683155\n ],\n [\n -122.0313262939453,\n 47.36929191683155\n ],\n [\n -122.0313262939453,\n 47.38021933437073\n ],\n [\n -122.03922271728514,\n 47.38021933437073\n ],\n [\n -122.03922271728514,\n 47.36929191683155\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6023ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dion, N. P.","contributorId":33302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dion","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28106,"text":"wri7956 - 1979 - Maps showing ground-water conditions in the lower Santa Cruz area, Pinal, Pima, and Maricopa Counties, Arizona, 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T19:39:10.872788","indexId":"wri7956","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-56","title":"Maps showing ground-water conditions in the lower Santa Cruz area, Pinal, Pima, and Maricopa Counties, Arizona, 1977","docAbstract":"The lower Santa Cruz area includes about 5,400 square miles in south-central Arizona and is the second largest agricultural area in the State. The area depends mainly on ground water for irrigation, and in 1976 about 966,000 acre-feet of ground water was pumped from the area. As a result of the large-scale long-term withdrawal of ground water, water levels have declined , and the direction of ground-water flow has changed. Since 1923 , declines of nearly 500 feet have occurred near Stanfield. Information shown on the maps (scale 1:125,000) includes depth to water, altitude of the water level, specific conductance, fluoride concentration, change in water level (1923-77), and land use. Hydrographs of the water level in selected wells and a table of historical pumpage also are included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7956","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Konieczki, A., and English, C.S., 1979, Maps showing ground-water conditions in the lower Santa Cruz area, Pinal, Pima, and Maricopa Counties, Arizona, 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-56, 4 Plates: 33.22 x 47.50 inches and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7956.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 33.22 x 47.50 inches and smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380038,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0056/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":380037,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0056/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":380036,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0056/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":380035,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0056/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Maricopa County, Pima County, Pinal County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.5,\n 32.27784451498272\n ],\n [\n -111.0333251953125,\n 32.27784451498272\n ],\n [\n -111.0333251953125,\n 33.367237465838315\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 33.367237465838315\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 32.27784451498272\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605a18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konieczki, A.D.","contributorId":28218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konieczki","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"English, C. S.","contributorId":77971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"English","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27263,"text":"wri7938 - 1979 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Lake Superior Basin, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T08:44:08","indexId":"wri7938","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-38","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Lake Superior Basin, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Lake Superior basin include estimates of low-flow frequency and flow duration at 9 gaging stations, low-flow frequency at 16 low-flow partial-record stations and 38 miscellaneous sites; and a list of base-flow discharge measurement is available. The equations were determined from multiple-regression analyses that relate low-flow characteristics. The standard error of estimate is provided for each method of estimating the annual minimum 7-day mean flow below which the flow will fall on the average of once in 2 years and once in 10 years. Standard error provides the user with the expected degree of accuracy for each method. (Woodard-USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7938","usgsCitation":"Gebert, W., 1979, Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Lake Superior Basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-38, Report: iv, 74 p.; 3 Plates: 20.00 x 11.75 inches, 20.00 x 11.75 inches, 8.50 x 11.00, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7938.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 74 p.; 3 Plates: 20.00 x 11.75 inches, 20.00 x 11.75 inches, 8.50 x 11.00","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0038/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56138,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0038/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56139,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0038/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56140,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0038/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56141,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0038/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Ashland County, Bayfield County, Douglas County, Iron County, Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 45.65244828675087\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 45.63708709571876\n ],\n [\n -89.901123046875,\n 46.27103747280261\n ],\n [\n -89.93408203124999,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -90.164794921875,\n 46.837649560937464\n ],\n [\n -90.164794921875,\n 46.965259400349275\n ],\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 47.137424646293866\n ],\n [\n -90.736083984375,\n 47.11499982620772\n ],\n [\n -91.56005859375,\n 46.95776134668866\n ],\n [\n -92.142333984375,\n 46.79253827035979\n ],\n [\n -92.252197265625,\n 46.694667307773116\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 45.99696161820381\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gebert, W.A.","contributorId":71555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28327,"text":"wri7957 - 1979 - Map showing ground-water conditions in the Virgin River, Grand Wash, and Shivwits areas, Mohave County, Arizona, 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-26T15:50:41","indexId":"wri7957","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-57","title":"Map showing ground-water conditions in the Virgin River, Grand Wash, and Shivwits areas, Mohave County, Arizona, 1976","docAbstract":"The Virgin River, Grand Wash, and Shivwits areas include about 3 ,250 square miles in northwestern Arizona. Ground water is obtained mainly from the alluvium, conglomerate, and basalt; however, several other formations yield small amounts of water to some wells. In the Virgin River area, most wells are less than 200 feet deep, water levels range from 17 to 310 feet below the land surface, and well yields range from a few gallons per minute to as much as 2,000 gallons per minute. Springs in the Littlefield area contribute about 70 cubic feet per second of water to the Virgin River. In the Grand Wash area wells are from 35 to 850 feet deep, and water levels range from 5 to 759 feet below the land surface. In the Shivwits area wells are from 10.5 to 300 feet deep, and water levels range from 10 to 256 feet below the land surface. The chemical quality of the water varies with location and aquifer in the report area. Information shown on the map (scale 1:125,000) includes the principal aquifer that furnishes water to wells and springs, depth to water, altitude of the water level, and specific conductance and fluoride concentrations. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7957","usgsCitation":"Levings, G.W., and Farrar, C.D., 1979, Map showing ground-water conditions in the Virgin River, Grand Wash, and Shivwits areas, Mohave County, Arizona, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-57, 1 Plate: 34.64 x 45.48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7957.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 34.64 x 45.48 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366006,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0057/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0057/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Mohave County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -112.2802734375,\n 35.55010533588552\n ],\n [\n -112.2802734375,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 35.55010533588552\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4cc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levings, G. W.","contributorId":12485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levings","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrar, C. D.","contributorId":71978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28541,"text":"wri7918 - 1979 - Documentation of a finite-element two-layer model for simulation of ground-water flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-02T16:13:50.962445","indexId":"wri7918","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-18","title":"Documentation of a finite-element two-layer model for simulation of ground-water flow","docAbstract":"This report documents a finite-element model for simulation of ground-water flow in a two-aquifer system where the two aquifers are coupled by a leakage term that represents flow through a confining layer separating the two aquifers. The model was developed by Timothy J. Durbin (U.S. Geological Survey) for use in ground-water investigations in southern California.
The documentation assumes that the reader is familiar with the physics of ground-water flow, numerical methods of solving partial-differential equations, and the FORTRAN IV computer language. It was prepared as part of the investigations made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7918","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District","usgsCitation":"Mallory, M.J., 1979, Documentation of a finite-element two-layer model for simulation of ground-water flow: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-18, iv, 347 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7918.","productDescription":"iv, 347 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380034,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0018/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0018/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a63e4b07f02db637104","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mallory, Michael J.","contributorId":59408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallory","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27615,"text":"wri79110 - 1979 - River mileages and drainage areas for Illinois streams—Volume 1, Illinois except Illinois River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-11T18:42:19.337486","indexId":"wri79110","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-110","displayTitle":"River mileages and drainage areas for Illinois streams—Volume 1, Illinois except Illinois River basin","title":"River mileages and drainage areas for Illinois streams—Volume 1, Illinois except Illinois River basin","docAbstract":"River mileages are presented for points of interest on Illinois streams draining 10 square miles or more. Points of interest include bridges, dams, gaging stations, county lines, hydrologic unit boundaries, and major tributaries. Drainage areas are presented for selected sites, including total drainage area for any stream draining at least 100 square miles. The report is contained in two volumes. This volume (Volume I) includes Illinois except Illinois River basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri79110","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., 1979, River mileages and drainage areas for Illinois streams—Volume 1, Illinois except Illinois River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-110, iv, 350 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri79110.","productDescription":"iv, 350 p.","numberOfPages":"354","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0110/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":361744,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0111/wrir79_111.pdf","text":"WRI 79–111","size":"3.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 79–111","linkHelpText":"River Mileages and Drainage Areas for Illinois Streams—Volume 2, Illinois River Basin"},{"id":361743,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0110/wrir79_110.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 79–110"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.366031,42.500274],[-88.786681,42.491983],[-88.115285,42.496219],[-87.800561,42.49192],[-87.79823,42.473054],[-87.80537,42.384721],[-87.820858,42.361584],[-87.834769,42.301522],[-87.828569,42.269922],[-87.800066,42.208024],[-87.741662,42.128227],[-87.712206,42.096455],[-87.682359,42.075729],[-87.671462,42.058334],[-87.668982,42.029142],[-87.630953,41.933132],[-87.624052,41.904232],[-87.611659,41.892216],[-87.616537,41.882396],[-87.616251,41.868933],[-87.60945,41.845233],[-87.600549,41.826833],[-87.580948,41.804334],[-87.576347,41.786034],[-87.560646,41.766034],[-87.542845,41.752135],[-87.530745,41.748235],[-87.524141,41.72399],[-87.526376,40.491574],[-87.533227,39.883127],[-87.531646,39.347888],[-87.544013,39.352907],[-87.5544,39.340488],[-87.578331,39.340343],[-87.589084,39.333831],[-87.600397,39.312904],[-87.597545,39.296388],[-87.61005,39.282232],[-87.605543,39.261122],[-87.593486,39.247452],[-87.583535,39.243579],[-87.574558,39.218404],[-87.588614,39.197824],[-87.620796,39.17479],[-87.640435,39.166727],[-87.64599,39.1449],[-87.643145,39.128562],[-87.632245,39.118702],[-87.630376,39.104305],[-87.619134,39.100557],[-87.613513,39.085568],[-87.596373,39.079639],[-87.572588,39.057286],[-87.575027,39.034062],[-87.569696,39.019413],[-87.579117,39.001607],[-87.578319,38.988786],[-87.529496,38.971925],[-87.512187,38.954417],[-87.518826,38.923205],[-87.527645,38.907688],[-87.544089,38.895093],[-87.553384,38.863344],[-87.525893,38.848795],[-87.521681,38.826576],[-87.527342,38.818121],[-87.496537,38.778571],[-87.496494,38.742728],[-87.516707,38.716333],[-87.519609,38.697198],[-87.531231,38.684036],[-87.593678,38.667402],[-87.62012,38.639489],[-87.627348,38.60544],[-87.62389,38.593984],[-87.637752,38.588512],[-87.651529,38.568166],[-87.650704,38.55624],[-87.660732,38.541092],[-87.653802,38.517382],[-87.657084,38.507169],[-87.714047,38.47988],[-87.739522,38.475069],[-87.74317,38.459019],[-87.730134,38.446518],[-87.74104,38.435576],[-87.745254,38.408996],[-87.779996,38.370842],[-87.806075,38.363143],[-87.822721,38.346912],[-87.832723,38.324853],[-87.831972,38.307241],[-87.838243,38.29375],[-87.853046,38.289264],[-87.875476,38.301376],[-87.88041,38.299581],[-87.887849,38.285299],[-87.908223,38.274012],[-87.92168,38.289712],[-87.928858,38.292404],[-87.938727,38.289264],[-87.952125,38.273763],[-87.945904,38.256966],[-87.950838,38.247097],[-87.960225,38.237118],[-87.975511,38.232742],[-87.982688,38.221527],[-87.984234,38.20996],[-87.975819,38.197834],[-87.9595,38.184376],[-87.928858,38.168594],[-87.922577,38.160071],[-87.92168,38.148407],[-87.945472,38.126616],[-87.974272,38.121981],[-87.999734,38.100857],[-87.998389,38.090091],[-87.984931,38.069008],[-87.990314,38.056447],[-88.020369,38.046578],[-88.02979,38.025046],[-88.012574,37.977062],[-88.012929,37.966544],[-88.036124,37.942746],[-88.044145,37.926805],[-88.031584,37.901685],[-88.033378,37.894059],[-88.054462,37.877461],[-88.058499,37.865349],[-88.053116,37.847854],[-88.043247,37.836639],[-88.051771,37.813761],[-88.045939,37.807481],[-88.029382,37.803601],[-88.02803,37.799224],[-88.035827,37.791917],[-88.042602,37.76712],[-88.059588,37.742608],[-88.122412,37.709685],[-88.151646,37.675098],[-88.160187,37.657592],[-88.156827,37.632801],[-88.142225,37.603737],[-88.139973,37.586451],[-88.13341,37.574273],[-88.105585,37.55618],[-88.088049,37.535124],[-88.069018,37.525297],[-88.061342,37.505327],[-88.064234,37.484548],[-88.072386,37.483563],[-88.087664,37.471059],[-88.132628,37.471555],[-88.281667,37.452596],[-88.312585,37.440591],[-88.333183,37.42721],[-88.348405,37.410726],[-88.365471,37.401663],[-88.408808,37.425216],[-88.450127,37.411717],[-88.470224,37.396255],[-88.476592,37.386875],[-88.484462,37.345609],[-88.515939,37.284043],[-88.506942,37.266656],[-88.509328,37.26213],[-88.487277,37.244077],[-88.471753,37.220155],[-88.447764,37.203527],[-88.431488,37.160298],[-88.424403,37.152428],[-88.444605,37.098601],[-88.458948,37.073796],[-88.504437,37.065265],[-88.545403,37.070003],[-88.576718,37.085852],[-88.589207,37.099655],[-88.625889,37.119458],[-88.693983,37.141155],[-88.732105,37.143956],[-88.80572,37.188595],[-88.916934,37.224291],[-88.942111,37.228811],[-88.98326,37.228685],[-89.029981,37.211144],[-89.076221,37.175125],[-89.092934,37.156439],[-89.111189,37.119052],[-89.134931,37.103278],[-89.14132,37.093865],[-89.154504,37.088907],[-89.168087,37.074218],[-89.181369,37.046305],[-89.178975,37.020928],[-89.166447,37.003337],[-89.132685,36.9822],[-89.170008,36.970298],[-89.185491,36.973518],[-89.192097,36.979995],[-89.200793,37.016164],[-89.234053,37.037277],[-89.25493,37.072014],[-89.259936,37.064071],[-89.307726,37.069654],[-89.310819,37.057897],[-89.304752,37.047565],[-89.277715,37.03614],[-89.260003,37.023288],[-89.257608,37.015496],[-89.263527,37.00005],[-89.278628,36.98867],[-89.29213,36.992189],[-89.322982,37.01609],[-89.378277,37.039605],[-89.385434,37.05513],[-89.375712,37.080505],[-89.37871,37.094586],[-89.38805,37.107481],[-89.41173,37.122507],[-89.42558,37.138235],[-89.461862,37.199517],[-89.4675,37.221844],[-89.458246,37.247066],[-89.470525,37.253357],[-89.488728,37.251507],[-89.517032,37.28192],[-89.511842,37.310825],[-89.489005,37.333368],[-89.447556,37.340475],[-89.432836,37.347056],[-89.421054,37.387668],[-89.439769,37.4372],[-89.475525,37.471388],[-89.516447,37.535558],[-89.521925,37.560735],[-89.519808,37.582748],[-89.486062,37.580853],[-89.477548,37.585885],[-89.475932,37.592998],[-89.517718,37.641217],[-89.51204,37.680985],[-89.516685,37.692762],[-89.531427,37.700334],[-89.583316,37.713261],[-89.596566,37.732886],[-89.615586,37.74235],[-89.615933,37.748184],[-89.64953,37.745498],[-89.663352,37.750052],[-89.667993,37.759484],[-89.66038,37.786296],[-89.669644,37.799922],[-89.71748,37.825724],[-89.739873,37.84693],[-89.754104,37.846358],[-89.779828,37.853896],[-89.786369,37.851734],[-89.80036,37.868625],[-89.798041,37.879655],[-89.842649,37.905196],[-89.862949,37.896906],[-89.881475,37.879591],[-89.901832,37.869822],[-89.923185,37.870672],[-89.950594,37.881526],[-89.973642,37.917661],[-89.974918,37.926719],[-89.959646,37.940196],[-89.947429,37.940336],[-89.932467,37.947497],[-89.925085,37.960021],[-89.933797,37.959143],[-89.942099,37.970121],[-89.997103,37.963225],[-90.03241,37.995258],[-90.051357,38.003584],[-90.057269,38.014362],[-90.08826,38.015772],[-90.11052,38.026547],[-90.126194,38.040702],[-90.126396,38.054897],[-90.130788,38.062341],[-90.158533,38.074735],[-90.17222,38.069636],[-90.218708,38.094365],[-90.243116,38.112669],[-90.274928,38.157615],[-90.290765,38.170453],[-90.331554,38.18758],[-90.356176,38.217501],[-90.373929,38.281853],[-90.370819,38.333554],[-90.349743,38.377609],[-90.295316,38.426753],[-90.285215,38.443453],[-90.260314,38.528352],[-90.224212,38.575051],[-90.196011,38.594451],[-90.18451,38.611551],[-90.17801,38.63375],[-90.18111,38.65955],[-90.18641,38.67475],[-90.20921,38.70275],[-90.21141,38.72135],[-90.20521,38.73215],[-90.176309,38.754449],[-90.166409,38.772649],[-90.123107,38.798048],[-90.109107,38.837448],[-90.113327,38.849306],[-90.19521,38.886748],[-90.223041,38.907389],[-90.250248,38.919344],[-90.309454,38.92412],[-90.395816,38.960037],[-90.440078,38.967364],[-90.450792,38.967764],[-90.472122,38.958838],[-90.482419,38.94446],[-90.486974,38.925982],[-90.500117,38.910408],[-90.54403,38.87505],[-90.583388,38.86903],[-90.628485,38.891617],[-90.639917,38.908272],[-90.663372,38.928042],[-90.675949,38.96214],[-90.678193,38.991851],[-90.713629,39.053977],[-90.682744,39.088348],[-90.681086,39.10059],[-90.686051,39.117785],[-90.707902,39.15086],[-90.717113,39.213912],[-90.72996,39.255894],[-90.751599,39.265432],[-90.793461,39.309498],[-90.816851,39.320496],[-90.8475,39.345272],[-90.893777,39.367343],[-90.904862,39.379403],[-90.928745,39.387544],[-90.940766,39.403984],[-90.993789,39.422959],[-91.03827,39.448436],[-91.059439,39.46886],[-91.064305,39.494643],[-91.079769,39.507728],[-91.100307,39.538695],[-91.153628,39.548248],[-91.168419,39.564928],[-91.174232,39.591975],[-91.181936,39.602677],[-91.229317,39.620853],[-91.27614,39.665759],[-91.302485,39.679631],[-91.367753,39.729029],[-91.369953,39.745042],[-91.365125,39.758723],[-91.363444,39.792804],[-91.377971,39.811273],[-91.432919,39.840554],[-91.446385,39.870394],[-91.443513,39.893583],[-91.420878,39.914865],[-91.41936,39.927717],[-91.463683,39.981845],[-91.494878,40.036453],[-91.489606,40.057435],[-91.509245,40.121876],[-91.511749,40.147091],[-91.508324,40.156326],[-91.513079,40.178537],[-91.504477,40.198262],[-91.505828,40.238839],[-91.490524,40.259498],[-91.492727,40.278217],[-91.46214,40.342414],[-91.439342,40.366569],[-91.415695,40.381381],[-91.381958,40.387632],[-91.372921,40.399108],[-91.373721,40.417891],[-91.381769,40.442555],[-91.364915,40.484168],[-91.364211,40.500043],[-91.384531,40.530948],[-91.404125,40.539127],[-91.405241,40.554641],[-91.379752,40.57445],[-91.359873,40.601805],[-91.339719,40.613488],[-91.306524,40.626231],[-91.253074,40.637962],[-91.18698,40.637297],[-91.123928,40.669152],[-91.110927,40.703262],[-91.115735,40.725168],[-91.110424,40.745528],[-91.091703,40.779708],[-91.097649,40.805575],[-91.092993,40.821079],[-91.05643,40.848387],[-91.044653,40.868356],[-91.021562,40.884021],[-91.009536,40.900565],[-90.962916,40.924957],[-90.952233,40.954047],[-90.958142,40.979767],[-90.945949,41.006495],[-90.942253,41.034702],[-90.94899,41.07025],[-90.946259,41.094734],[-90.99496,41.160624],[-91.007586,41.166183],[-91.027214,41.163373],[-91.041536,41.166138],[-91.07298,41.207151],[-91.112333,41.239003],[-91.114186,41.250029],[-91.08688,41.294371],[-91.074841,41.305578],[-91.06652,41.365246],[-91.05158,41.385283],[-91.04589,41.414085],[-91.027787,41.423603],[-90.979815,41.434321],[-90.930016,41.421404],[-90.846558,41.455141],[-90.750142,41.449632],[-90.655839,41.462132],[-90.605937,41.494232],[-90.602137,41.506032],[-90.595237,41.511032],[-90.567236,41.517532],[-90.556235,41.524232],[-90.540935,41.526133],[-90.500633,41.518033],[-90.461432,41.523533],[-90.41283,41.565333],[-90.343228,41.587833],[-90.339528,41.598633],[-90.343452,41.646959],[-90.334525,41.679559],[-90.313435,41.698082],[-90.317668,41.72269],[-90.310708,41.742214],[-90.278633,41.767358],[-90.181973,41.80707],[-90.181901,41.843216],[-90.153584,41.906614],[-90.152659,41.933058],[-90.163847,41.944934],[-90.164135,41.956178],[-90.146225,41.981329],[-90.140061,42.003252],[-90.150916,42.02944],[-90.163446,42.040407],[-90.168358,42.075779],[-90.161504,42.098912],[-90.162895,42.116718],[-90.17097,42.125198],[-90.190452,42.125779],[-90.201404,42.130937],[-90.207421,42.149109],[-90.216107,42.15673],[-90.250129,42.171469],[-90.282173,42.178846],[-90.328273,42.201047],[-90.356964,42.205445],[-90.391108,42.225473],[-90.400653,42.239293],[-90.419326,42.254467],[-90.430884,42.27823],[-90.415937,42.322699],[-90.419027,42.328505],[-90.477279,42.383794],[-90.555018,42.416138],[-90.560439,42.432897],[-90.567968,42.440389],[-90.606328,42.451505],[-90.646727,42.471904],[-90.654027,42.478503],[-90.656527,42.489203],[-90.640927,42.508302],[-90.07367,42.508275],[-89.366031,42.500274]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Illinois\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801