The geologic map in the National Atlas of the United States of America shows the age, distribution, and general character of the rocks that underlie the Nation, including Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands (but excluding other small island possessions). (The National Atlas of the United States can be accessed at URL http://nationalatlas.gov/natlas/Natlasstart.asp.) The map depicts the bedrock that lies immediately beneath soils or surficial deposits except where these deposits are so thick and extensive that the type of bedrock beneath them can only be inferred by deep drilling or geophysical methods, or both. Thus, it does not show the extensive glacial deposits of the North Central and Northeastern States, the deep residuum of the Southeastern and South Central States, the relatively thin alluvium along many major rivers and basins, and extensive eolian deposits on the high plains. However, it does show, in a general way, the thick alluvial deposits along the lower Mississippi River and on the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, and in the deep basins of the western cordillera. The rocks are classified as either sedimentary, volcanic, plutonic, or metamorphic, and their geologic ages are given in terms using a simplified version of the 1999 Geological Society of America geologic time scale. In some places rocks depicted as sedimentary are interlayered with volcanic rocks, including tuff, volcanic breccia, and volcanic flows. Conversely, many of the rocks shown as volcanic include interlayered sedimentary rocks. Plutonic rocks are classified by age and as granitic, intermediate, mafic, or ultramafic, but no similar classification has been attempted for the volcanic rocks in this version of the map. Where sedimentary or volcanic rocks have been metamorphosed but still retain clear evidence of their depositional age and origin, the extent of the metamorphism is shown by a pattern. Where the metamorphism has been so intense that the rocks bear little resemblance to the rocks from which they were derived, they are mapped as gneiss, but the age given is generally the age of the original rocks. The map in the National Atlas is a generalization of a new geologic map of North America that has recently been published by the Geological Society of America. The original compilation was prepared at a scale of 1:2,500,000 for publication at a scale of 1:5,000,000. This generalized version is intended for viewing at scales between about 1:10,000,000 and 1:7,500,000.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1300","usgsCitation":"Reed, J., and Bush, C.A., 2007, About the geologic map in the National Atlas of the United States of America (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1300, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1300.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":229,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10470,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1300/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2500000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a3e25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, John C. jreed@usgs.gov","contributorId":1259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"John C.","email":"jreed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, Charles A. cbush@usgs.gov","contributorId":1258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","email":"cbush@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80633,"text":"fs20073086 - 2007 - USGS ShakeCast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:19","indexId":"fs20073086","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3086","title":"USGS ShakeCast","docAbstract":"Automating, Simplifying, and Improving the Use of ShakeMap for Post-Earthquake Decisionmaking and Response.\r\n\r\nShakeCast is a freely available, post-earthquake situational awareness application that automatically retrieves earthquake shaking data from ShakeMap, compares intensity measures against users facilities, and generates potential damage assessment notifications, facility damage maps, and other Web-based products for emergency managers and responders.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073086","usgsCitation":"Wald, D., and Lin, K., 2007, USGS ShakeCast (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3086, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073086.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3086.jpg"},{"id":10471,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e737a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, David 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":26291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Kuo-Wan","contributorId":38656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Kuo-Wan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168663,"text":"70168663 - 2007 - Historic distribution and challenges to bison recovery in the northern Chihuahuan Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T20:05:21","indexId":"70168663","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historic distribution and challenges to bison recovery in the northern Chihuahuan Desert","docAbstract":"Ecologists and conservationists have long assumed that large grazers, including bison (Bison bison), did not occur in post-Pleistocene southwestern North America. This perception has been influential in framing the debate over conservation and land use in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. The lack of an evolutionary history of large grazers is being used to challenge the validity of ranching as a conservation strategy and to limit the protection and reintroduction of bison as a significant component of desert grassland ecosystems. Archeological records and historical accounts from Mexican archives from AD 700 to the 19th century document that the historic range of the bison included northern Mexico and adjoining areas in the United States. The Janos-Hidalgo bison herd, one of the few free-ranging bison herds in North America, has moved between Chihuahua, Mexico, and New Mexico, United States, since at least the 1920s. The persistence of this cross-border bison herd in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands and shrublands demonstrates that the species can persist in desert landscapes. Additional lines of evidence include the existence of grazing-adapted grasslands and the results of experimental studies that document declines in vegetation density and diversity following the removal of large grazers. The Janos-Hidalgo herd was formed with animals from various sources at the turn of the 19th century. Yet the future of the herd is compromised by differing perceptions of the ecological and evolutionary role of bison in the Desert Grasslands of North America. In Mexico they are considered native and are protected by federal law, whereas in New Mexico, they are considered non-native livestock and therefore lack conservation status or federal protection. Evidence written in Spanish of the presence of bison south of the accepted range and evidence from the disciplines of archaeology and history illustrate how differences in language and academic disciplines, in addition to international boundaries, have acted as barriers in shaping comprehensive approaches to conservation. Bison recovery in the region depends on binational cooperation.
\n\n
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/B26089","usgsCitation":"Rankin, D., and Tucker, R.D., 2007, The Piermont allochthon revisited and redefined at its type locality: Discussion: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 119, no. 3-4, p. 500-502, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26089.","startPage":"500","endPage":"502","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rankin, Douglas W. dwrankin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"Douglas W.","email":"dwrankin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":774769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, R. D.","contributorId":43409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80630,"text":"ofr20061381 - 2007 - Geophysical mapping of oyster habitats in a shallow estuary: Apalachicola Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-09T17:04:01.035433","indexId":"ofr20061381","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1381","title":"Geophysical mapping of oyster habitats in a shallow estuary: Apalachicola Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"This report presents high-resolution geophysical data, interpretive maps, and a preliminary discussion about the oyster habitat and estuary-floor geology within Apalachicola Bay, Florida (fig. 1). During two research cruises, conducted in 2005 and 2006, approximately 230 km² of the bay floor were surveyed using interferometric-bathymetry, sidescan-sonar, and chirp seismic-reflection techniques. The research was conducted as part of a cooperative program between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Services Center (CSC), and the Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. The Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve was established in 1979 to provide opportunities for long-term monitoring and research to provide a basis for more informed coastal management decisions for this estuary.
Apalachicola Bay is the largest oyster fishery in Florida (Whitfield and Beaumariage, 1977), and the primary objective of this program is to develop a suite of maps that define oyster habitat distribution and estuary-floor geology within the bay. The resulting maps will assist in effective management of oyster resources and provide a reference geologic framework for future scientific and applied research.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061381","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D.C., Andrews, B., Edmiston, H.L., and Stevenson, W.R., 2007, Geophysical mapping of oyster habitats in a shallow estuary: Apalachicola Bay, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1381, iii, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061381.","productDescription":"iii, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"37","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1381/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":10468,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1381/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110751,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82800.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"82800"},{"id":194849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1381/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.0994,\n 29.79\n ],\n [\n -85.0994,\n 29.5989\n ],\n [\n -84.7528,\n 29.5989\n ],\n [\n -84.7528,\n 29.79\n ],\n [\n -85.0994,\n 29.79\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Brian D.","contributorId":54180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edmiston, H. Lee","contributorId":71652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmiston","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevenson, William R.","contributorId":53492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevenson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80629,"text":"ofr20071186 - 2007 - U.S. Geological Survey ArcMap Sediment Classification tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T12:42:13","indexId":"ofr20071186","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1186","title":"U.S. Geological Survey ArcMap Sediment Classification tool","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ArcMap Sediment Classification tool is a custom toolbar that extends the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) ArcGIS 9.2 Desktop application to aid in the analysis of seabed sediment classification. The tool uses as input either a point data layer with field attributes containing percentage of gravel, sand, silt, and clay or four raster data layers representing a percentage of sediment (0-100%) for the various sediment grain size analysis: sand, gravel, silt and clay. This tool is designed to analyze the percent of sediment at a given location and classify the sediments according to either the Folk (1954, 1974) or Shepard (1954) as modified by Schlee(1973) classification schemes. The sediment analysis tool is based upon the USGS SEDCLASS program (Poppe, et al. 2004).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071186","usgsCitation":"O’Malley, J., 2007, U.S. Geological Survey ArcMap Sediment Classification tool: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1186, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071186.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10467,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/pubs/of2007-1186/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071186.PNG"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6bb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Malley, John jomalley@usgs.gov","contributorId":4913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Malley","given":"John","email":"jomalley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80628,"text":"fs20073048 - 2007 - Borehole Geophysical Logging of Water-Supply Wells in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T09:36:54","indexId":"fs20073048","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3048","title":"Borehole Geophysical Logging of Water-Supply Wells in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge, Georgia","docAbstract":"Crystalline and carbonate-rock aquifers in northern Georgia provide water to an ever-increasing number of private and public wells in the region. Understanding the depth and yield of water-bearing zones in such wells is crucial for the development and long-term sustainability of ground-water resources and for keeping wells in good operating condition. Portable geophysical logging units are now widely available and have greatly increased the ability of geoscientists to obtain subsurface information from water wells.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073048","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, Borehole Geophysical Logging of Water-Supply Wells in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3048, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073048.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3048.jpg"},{"id":10466,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":" Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge, Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.60546875,\n 34.9895035675793\n ],\n [\n -83.07861328124999,\n 34.99850370014629\n ],\n [\n -83.08959960937499,\n 34.95349314197422\n ],\n [\n -83.16650390625,\n 34.908457853981396\n ],\n [\n -83.2379150390625,\n 34.84536693184101\n ],\n [\n -83.353271484375,\n 34.71000915922497\n ],\n [\n -83.1390380859375,\n 34.6015631772409\n ],\n [\n -83.0291748046875,\n 34.511083202999714\n ],\n [\n -82.8753662109375,\n 34.5020297944346\n ],\n [\n -82.83691406249999,\n 34.41144164327242\n ],\n [\n -82.73803710937499,\n 34.28445325435288\n ],\n [\n -82.694091796875,\n 34.120900139826944\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 34.011688599108496\n ],\n [\n -82.4853515625,\n 33.89321737944086\n ],\n [\n -82.34252929687499,\n 33.81110228864701\n ],\n [\n -82.188720703125,\n 33.69235234723729\n ],\n [\n -82.1173095703125,\n 33.58716733904656\n ],\n [\n -82.078857421875,\n 33.57343808567733\n ],\n [\n -81.947021484375,\n 33.49101671911273\n ],\n [\n -81.947021484375,\n 33.35347332342165\n ],\n [\n -81.87011718749999,\n 33.28921188443142\n ],\n [\n -81.80419921874999,\n 33.243281858479484\n ],\n [\n -81.74926757812499,\n 33.18813395605043\n ],\n [\n -85.0341796875,\n 32.505129231918936\n ],\n [\n -85.10009765625,\n 32.644000448276735\n ],\n [\n -85.18798828124999,\n 32.90265033334125\n ],\n [\n -85.20996093749999,\n 33.16054697509139\n ],\n [\n -85.286865234375,\n 33.43602551072033\n ],\n [\n -85.36376953125,\n 33.83848275599514\n ],\n [\n -85.49560546874999,\n 34.41144164327242\n ],\n [\n -85.5615234375,\n 34.732584206123626\n ],\n [\n -85.60546875,\n 34.9895035675793\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602a28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80626,"text":"sir20075239 - 2007 - Ground water redox zonation near La Pine, Oregon: Relation to river position within the aquifer–riparian zone continuum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T12:10:22.22557","indexId":"sir20075239","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5239","title":"Ground water redox zonation near La Pine, Oregon: Relation to river position within the aquifer–riparian zone continuum","docAbstract":"Increasing residential development since in the 1960s has lead to increases in nitrate concentrations in shallow ground water in parts of the 247 square mile study area near La Pine, Oregon. Denitrification is the dominant nitrate-removal process that occurs in suboxic ground water, and suboxic ground water serves as a barrier to transport of most nitrate in the aquifer. Oxic ground water, on the other hand, represents a potential pathway for nitrate transport from terrestrial recharge areas to the Deschutes and Little Deschutes Rivers. The effects of present and potential future discharge of ground-water nitrate into the nitrogen-limited Deschutes and Little Deschutes Rivers are not known. However, additions of nitrogen to nitrogen-limited rivers can lead to increases in primary productivity which, in turn, can increase the magnitudes of dissolved oxygen and pH swings in river water. An understanding of the distribution of oxic ground water in the near-river environment could facilitate understanding the vulnerability of these rivers and could be a useful tool for management of these rivers.\r\n\r\nIn this study, transects of temporary wells were installed in sub-river sediments beneath the Deschutes and Little Deschutes Rivers near La Pine to characterize near-river reduction/oxidation (redox) conditions near the ends of ground-water flow paths. Samples from transects installed near the center of the riparian zone or flood plain were consistently suboxic. Where transects were near edges of riparian zones, most ground-water samples also were suboxic. Oxic ground water (other than hyporheic water) was uncommon, and was only detected near the outside edge of some meander bends. This pattern of occurrence likely reflects geochemical controls throughout the aquifer as well as geochemical processes in the microbiologically active riparian zone near the end of ground-water flow paths. Younger, typically less reduced ground water generally enters near-river environments through peripheral zones, whereas older, typically more reduced ground water tends to discharge closer to the center of the river corridor. Such distributions of redox state reflect ground-water movement and geochemical evolution at the aquifer-scale. Redox state of ground water undergoes additional modification as ground water nears discharge points in or adjacent to rivers, where riparian zone processes can be important. Lateral erosion of river systems away from the center of the flood plain can decrease or even eliminate interactions between ground water and reducing riparian zone sediments. Thus, ground water redox patterns in near-river sediments appear to reflect the position of a river within the riparian zone/aquifer continuum.\r\n\r\nSpatial heterogeneity of redox conditions near the river/aquifer boundary (that is, near the riverbed) makes it difficult to extrapolate transect-scale findings to a precise delineation of the oxic-suboxic boundary in the near-river environment of the entire study area. However, the understanding of relations between near-river redox state and proximity to riparian zone edges provides a basis for applying these results to the study-area scale, and could help guide management efforts such as nitrogen-reduction actions or establishment of Total Maximum Daily Load criteria. Coupling the ground-water redox-based understanding of river vulnerability with ground-water particle-tracking-based characterization of connections between upgradient recharge areas and receiving rivers demonstrates one means of linking effects of potential nitrate loads at the beginning of ground-water flow paths with river vulnerability.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075239","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Deschutes County","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, S.R., Morgan, D.S., Orzol, L.L., and Polette, D.J., 2007, Ground water redox zonation near La Pine, Oregon: Relation to river position within the aquifer–riparian zone continuum: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5239, Report: vi, 29 p.; Plate: 30 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075239.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; Plate: 30 x 34 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":396187,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82803.htm"},{"id":10464,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"La Pine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.6667,\n 43.6069\n ],\n [\n -121.3667,\n 43.6069\n ],\n [\n -121.3667,\n 43.9333\n ],\n [\n -121.6667,\n 43.9333\n ],\n [\n -121.6667,\n 43.6069\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dd56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, David S.","contributorId":73181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orzol, Leonard L. 0000-0001-7585-4295 llorzol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7585-4295","contributorId":4561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orzol","given":"Leonard","email":"llorzol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Polette, Danial J. dpolette@usgs.gov","contributorId":1100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polette","given":"Danial","email":"dpolette@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80627,"text":"fs20073071 - 2007 - Investigating atmospheric mercury with the U.S. Geological Survey Mobile Mercury Laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:36:13.364256","indexId":"fs20073071","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3071","displayTitle":"Investigating Atmospheric Mercury with the U.S. Geological Survey Mobile Mercury Laboratory","title":"Investigating atmospheric mercury with the U.S. Geological Survey Mobile Mercury Laboratory","docAbstract":"Atmospheric mercury is thought to be an important source of mercury present in fish, resulting in numerous local, statewide, tribal, and province-wide fish consumption advisories in the United States and Canada (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007a). To understand how mercury occurs in the atmosphere and its potential to be transferred from the atmosphere to the biosphere, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been investigating sources and forms of atmospheric mercury, especially in locations where the amount of mercury deposited from precipitation is above average.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20073071","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., 2007, Investigating atmospheric mercury with the U.S. Geological Survey Mobile Mercury Laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3071, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073071.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3071.jpg"},{"id":10465,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367596,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3071/fs2007-3071.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b3e4b07f02db531906","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200661,"text":"70200661 - 2007 - Avian malaria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T16:26:48","indexId":"70200661","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-04T16:13:04","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Avian malaria","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Infectious diseases of wild birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English ","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, C.T., 2007, Avian malaria, chap. of Infectious diseases of wild birds, p. 35-53.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"53","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10d7f6e4b034bf6a7fb8cc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750033,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Nancy J. 0000-0002-0161-0391 nthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-0391","contributorId":1673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nancy","email":"nthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":750034,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunter, D. Bruce","contributorId":99072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750035,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80625,"text":"pp1661E - 2007 - Seismic stability of the Duwamish River Delta, Seattle, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-01T09:44:26","indexId":"pp1661E","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-03T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1661","chapter":"E","title":"Seismic stability of the Duwamish River Delta, Seattle, Washington","docAbstract":"The delta front of the Duwamish River valley near Elliott Bay and Harbor Island is founded on young Holocene deposits shaped by sea-level rise, episodic volcanism, and seismicity. These river-mouth deposits are highly susceptible to seismic soil liquefaction and are potentially prone to submarine landsliding and disintegrative flow failure.
\nA highly developed commercial-industrial corridor, extending from the City of Kent to the Elliott Bay/Harbor Island marine terminal facilities, is founded on the young Holocene deposits of the Duwamish River valley. The deposits of this Holocene delta have been shaped not only by relative sea-level rise but also by episodic volcanism and seismicity. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR), cores, in situ testing, and outcrops are being used to examine the delta stratigraphy and to infer how these deposits will respond to future volcanic eruptions and earthquakes in the region. A geotechnical investigation of these river-mouth deposits indicates high initial liquefaction susceptibility during earthquakes, and possibly the potential for unlimited-strain disintegrative flow failure of the delta front.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Hazards of the Pacific Northwest Coastal and Marine Regions, USGS Professional Paper 1661","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1661E","isbn":"9781411319165","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R., and Barnhardt, W., 2007, Seismic stability of the Duwamish River Delta, Seattle, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1661, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1661E.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1661e.png"},{"id":10463,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1661e/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293232,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1661e/pp1661e.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","otherGeospatial":"Duwamish River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0,47.0 ], [ -123.0,48.0 ], [ -122.0,48.0 ], [ -122.0,47.0 ], [ -123.0,47.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f12a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, Robert E. rkayen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert E.","email":"rkayen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnhardt, Walter A.","contributorId":80656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"Walter A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80624,"text":"ofr20071359 - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":97238,"text":"ofr20071359E - 2008 - Chemical data for precipitate samples","indexId":"ofr20071359E","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Chemical Data for Precipitate Samples","title":"Chemical data for precipitate samples"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":80624,"text":"ofr20071359 - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","indexId":"ofr20071359","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":97239,"text":"ofr20071359AD - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","indexId":"ofr20071359AD","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"A-D","displayTitle":"Chemical Data for Rock, Sediment, Biological, Precipitate, and Water Samples from Abandoned Copper Mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":80624,"text":"ofr20071359 - 2007 - Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","indexId":"ofr20071359","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T12:39:51.889246","indexId":"ofr20071359","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1359","displayTitle":"Chemical Data for Rock, Sediment, Biological, Precipitate, and Water Samples from Abandoned Copper Mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","title":"Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nIn the early 20th century, approximately 6 million metric tons of copper ore were mined from numerous deposits located along the shorelines of fjords and islands in Prince William Sound, Alaska. At the Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman mine sites (fig. 1), rocks containing Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb sulfide minerals are exposed to chemical weathering in abandoned mine workings and remnant waste piles that extend into the littoral zone. Field investigations in 2003 and 2005 as well as analytical data for rock, sediment, precipitate, water, and biological samples reveal that the oxidation of sulfides at these sites is resulting in the generation of acid mine drainage and the transport of metals into the marine environment (Koski and others, 2008; Stillings and others, 2008).\r\n\r\nAt the Ellamar and Threeman sites, plumes of acidic and metal-enriched water are flowing through beach gravels into the shallow offshore environment. Interstitial water samples collected from beach sediment at Ellamar have low pH levels (to ~3) and high concentrations of metals including iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, and mercury. The abundant precipitation of the iron sulfate mineral jarosite in the Ellamar gravels also signifies a low-pH environment. At the Beatson mine site (the largest copper mine in the region) seeps containing iron-rich microbial precipitates drain into the intertidal zone below mine dumps (Foster and others, 2008). A stream flowing down to the shoreline from underground mine workings at Beatson has near-neutral pH, but elevated levels of zinc, copper, and lead (Stillings and others, 2008). Offshore sediment samples at Beatson are enriched in these metals. Preliminary chemical data for tissue from marine mussels collected near the Ellamar, Threeman, and Beatson sites reveal elevated levels of copper, zinc, and lead compared to tissue in mussels from other locations in Prince William Sound (Koski and others, 2008).\r\n\r\nThree papers presenting results of this ongoing investigation of sulfide oxidation in Prince William Sound are in press. Koski and others (2008) provide an overview of rock alteration, surface water chemistry, and the distribution of metals at the Ellamar, Threeman, and Beatson mine sites. Based on a 60-day, stream-discharge experiment at Beatson in 2005, Stillings and others (2008) analyze changes in water chemistry during storm events and the flux of metals to the shoreline. Foster and others (2008) investigate the biomass and diversity of microbial communities present in surface waters (streams, seeps, pore waters) using fatty acid methyl ester (FAMES) data and principal component analysis. The publications cited above contain a subset of the total chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples collected from the three mine sites in 2003 and 2005. The purpose of this report is the presentation of complete chemical data sets for all samples collected during the two field periods of fieldwork. Data for a small number of samples collected at two other mines (Schlosser and Fidalgo, fig. 1), visited in 2003, are also included in the tables.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071359","usgsCitation":"Koski, R.A., and Munk, L., 2007, Chemical data for rock, sediment, biological, precipitate, and water samples from abandoned copper mines in Prince William Sound, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1359, Report:30 p.; GIS Files; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071359.","productDescription":"Report:30 p.; GIS Files; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10461,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1359/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150,59.5 ], [ -150,61.25 ], [ -145,61.25 ], [ -145,59.5 ], [ -150,59.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munk, LeeAnn","contributorId":9727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munk","given":"LeeAnn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80621,"text":"ofr20071355 - 2007 - Geosoft eXecutables (GX's) Developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, Version 2.0, with Notes on GX Development from Fortran Code","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:07","indexId":"ofr20071355","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1355","title":"Geosoft eXecutables (GX's) Developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, Version 2.0, with Notes on GX Development from Fortran Code","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nGeosoft executables (GX's) are custom software modules for use with the Geosoft Oasis montaj geophysical data processing system, which currently runs under the Microsoft Windows 2000 or XP operating systems. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) uses Oasis montaj primarily for the processing and display of airborne geophysical data. The ability to add custom software modules to the Oasis montaj system is a feature employed by the USGS in order to take advantage of the large number of geophysical algorithms developed by the USGS during the past half century.\r\n\r\nThis main part of this report, along with Appendix 1, describes Version 2.0 GX's developed by the USGS or specifically for the USGS by contractors. These GX's perform both basic and advanced operations. Version 1.0 GX's developed by the USGS were described by Phillips and others (2003), and are included in Version 2.0. Appendix 1 contains the help files for the individual GX's.\r\n\r\nAppendix 2 describes the new method that was used to create the compiled GX files, starting from legacy Fortran source code. Although the new method shares many steps with the approach presented in the Geosoft GX Developer manual, it differs from that approach in that it uses free, open-source Fortran and C compilers and avoids all Fortran-to-C conversion.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071355","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J.D., 2007, Geosoft eXecutables (GX's) Developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, Version 2.0, with Notes on GX Development from Fortran Code (Version 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1355, vii, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071355.","productDescription":"vii, 111 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10458,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1355/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 2.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b04a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey D. 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":1572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80622,"text":"sim2989 - 2007 - Hydrogeologic characterization of the Brazos River Alluvium Aquifer, Bosque County to Fort Bend County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T14:17:30","indexId":"sim2989","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2989","title":"Hydrogeologic characterization of the Brazos River Alluvium Aquifer, Bosque County to Fort Bend County, Texas","docAbstract":"Introduction The Brazos River alluvium aquifer underlies the Brazos River in Texas from Bosque County to Fort Bend County. The aquifer, one of 21 minor aquifers in the State, supplies water for irrigation, domestic, stock, and commercial use. The Brazos River alluvium aquifer likely will become more important in the future as demand for water increases statewide. A thorough understanding of the hydrogeology of the alluvium aquifer will be the foundation for future studies in the area. During October 2006-April 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, conducted a study to delineate the altitude of the top, altitude of the base, and thickness of the Brazos River alluvium aquifer, and to compile and summarize available hydraulic property (specific capacity, transmissivity, and hydraulic conductivity) data. A digital elevation model was used as the altitude of the top of the aquifer. The altitude of the base of the aquifer was generated using data from wells. The study area encompasses the Brazos River alluvium aquifer in parts of Bosque, Hill, McLennan, Falls, Robertson, Milam, Brazos, Burleson, Grimes, Washington, Waller, Austin, and Fort Bend Counties and a 1.5-mile-wide lateral buffer adjacent to the aquifer. The results of this study will be used by the Texas Water Development Board for input into a ground-water availability model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim2989","usgsCitation":"Shah, S., Houston, N.A., and Braun, C.L., 2007, Hydrogeologic characterization of the Brazos River Alluvium Aquifer, Bosque County to Fort Bend County, Texas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2989, 5 Sheets: 17.00 x 22.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2989.","productDescription":"5 Sheets: 17.00 x 22.00 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110752,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82802.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"82802"},{"id":194629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim2989.gif"},{"id":10459,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2989/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327709,"rank":702,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2989/pdf/sim2989-2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327710,"rank":703,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2989/pdf/sim2989-3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327708,"rank":701,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2989/pdf/sim2989-1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327711,"rank":704,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2989/pdf/sim2989-4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327712,"rank":705,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2989/pdf/sim2989-5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8851","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, Sachin D.","contributorId":60174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Sachin D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80620,"text":"ofr20071197 - 2007 - Water and sediment quality in the Yukon River and its tributaries between Atlin, British Columbia, Canada, and Eagle, Alaska, USA, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T19:22:48.268834","indexId":"ofr20071197","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1197","title":"Water and sediment quality in the Yukon River and its tributaries between Atlin, British Columbia, Canada, and Eagle, Alaska, USA, 2004","docAbstract":"The Yukon River basin is the fourth largest watershed in North America at 855,300 square kilometers (km2). Approximately 126,000 people live within the basin and depend on the Yukon River and its tributaries for drinking water, commerce, subsistence and recreational fish and game resources.
Climate warming in the Arctic and Sub arctic regions encompassing the Yukon basin has recently become a concern because of possible far-reaching effects on the ecosystem. Large amounts of carbon and nutrients are stored in permafrost and have potential for release in response to this warming. These changes in carbon and nutrient cycling may result in changes in stream chemistry and productivity, including salmon populations, and ultimately changes in the chemistry and productivity of the Bearing Sea.
To address these concerns, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a 5-year comprehensive water-quality study of the Yukon River and its major tributaries starting in 2000. The study included frequent water-quality sampling at a fixed site network as well as intensive sampling along the Yukon River and its major tributaries.
This report contains observations of water and sediment quantity and quality of the Yukon River and its tributaries in Canada during 2004. Chemical, biological, physical, and discharge data are presented for the reach of river between Atlin, British Columbia, Canada, and Eagle, Alaska, USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071197","usgsCitation":"Halm, D.R., and Dornblaser, M.M., 2007, Water and sediment quality in the Yukon River and its tributaries between Atlin, British Columbia, Canada, and Eagle, Alaska, USA, 2004 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1197, viii, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071197.","productDescription":"viii, 120 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403671,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82798.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10457,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia, Yukon","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.1667,\n 59.1667\n ],\n [\n -127,\n 59.1667\n ],\n [\n -127,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -141.1667,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -141.1667,\n 59.1667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa1f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halm, Douglas R. drhalm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halm","given":"Douglas","email":"drhalm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80619,"text":"sir20075234 - 2007 - Systematics of Water Temperature and Flow at Tantalus Creek During Calendar Year 2005, Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:47:37","indexId":"sir20075234","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5234","title":"Systematics of Water Temperature and Flow at Tantalus Creek During Calendar Year 2005, Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"We analyze data for stream flow and water temperature from Tantalus Creek in the Norris Geyser Basin and their relationship to air temperature, precipitation, and geyser eruptions during calendar year 2005. The creek is of interest because it is the primary drainage of the Norris Geyser Basin and carries a very high proportion of thermal water derived directly from hot springs. Two separate diurnal patterns emerge - (1) a winter pattern where increases in water temperature and stream flow closely track those of air temperature and (2) a summer pattern where water and air temperature are closely aligned but stream flow declines once water temperature reaches its daily maximum. The winter pattern is present when the daily average temperature consistently drops below 0 ?C whereas the summer pattern is recognizable when the daily average temperature regularly exceeds 0 ?C. Spring and fall systematics are much more irregular, although both summer and winter patterns can be discerned occasionally during those seasons. We interpret increases in stream flow associated with the winter pattern to result from addition of locally sourced melt water (both snow and soil-bound ice) that increases in abundance once temperatures increase in the morning. Melting is facilitated by the warm ground temperatures in the geyser basin, which are significantly higher than air temperatures in the winter. The summer pattern appears to be strongly affected by increased evaporation in the afternoon, decreasing flow and cooling the remaining water. Discharge from eruptions at Echinus Geyser are clearly visible as peaks in the hydrograph, and indicate that water from this geyser reach the Tantalus weir in 80 to 90 minutes, reflecting a slug of water that travels about 0.4 m s-1.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075234","usgsCitation":"Clor, L.E., Lowenstern, J.B., and Heasler, H.P., 2007, Systematics of Water Temperature and Flow at Tantalus Creek During Calendar Year 2005, Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5234, Report: iv, 17 p.; Data File, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075234.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17 p.; Data File","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":686,"text":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10456,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5234/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.9,44.6 ], [ -110.9,44.8 ], [ -110.6,44.8 ], [ -110.6,44.6 ], [ -110.9,44.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db6878b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clor, Laura E.","contributorId":94749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clor","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heasler, Henry P.","contributorId":65935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasler","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80623,"text":"ofr20071367 - 2007 - Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California: 1979-2007","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":80623,"text":"ofr20071367 - 2007 - Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California: 1979-2007","indexId":"ofr20071367","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California: 1979-2007"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":97671,"text":"ofr20091119 - 2009 - Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California","indexId":"ofr20091119","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":97671,"text":"ofr20091119 - 2009 - Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California","indexId":"ofr20091119","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T18:32:01.028023","indexId":"ofr20071367","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1367","title":"Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California: 1979-2007","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nOur purpose is to update with six additional years of data, our creep data archive on San Francisco Bay region active faults for use by the scientific research community. Earlier data (1979-2001) were reported in Galehouse (2002) and were analyzed and described in detail in a summary report (Galehouse and Lienkaemper, 2003). A complete analysis of our earlier results obtained on the Hayward fault was presented in Lienkaemper, Galehouse and Simpson (2001). Jon Galehouse of San Francisco State University (SFSU) and many student research assistants measured creep (aseismic slip) rates on these faults from 1979 until his retirement from the project in 2001. The creep measurement project, which was initiated by Galehouse, has continued through the Geosciences Department at SFSU from 2001-2006 under the direction of Co-P.I.'s Karen Grove and John Caskey (Grove and Caskey, 2005), and by Caskey since 2006. Forrest McFarland has managed most of the technical and logistical project operations as well as data processing and compilation since 2001. We plan to publish detailed analyses of these updated creep data in future publications.\r\n\r\nWe maintain a project web site (http://funnel.sfsu.edu/creep/) that includes the following information: project description, project personnel, creep characteristics and measurement, map of creep measurement sites, creep measurement site information, and data plots for each measurement site. Our most current, annually updated results are therefore accessible to the scientific community and to the general public. Information about the project can currently be requested by the public by an email link (fltcreep@sfsu.edu) found on our project website.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071367","usgsCitation":"McFarland, F., Lienkaemper, J.J., Caskey, S.J., and Grove, K., 2007, Data from theodolite measurements of creep rates on San Francisco Bay region faults, California: 1979-2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1367, Report: 14 p.; Data Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071367.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; Data Folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10460,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1367/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403199,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82797.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay region faults","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.7667,\n 36.8\n ],\n [\n -121.2167,\n 36.8\n ],\n [\n -121.2167,\n 39.6167\n ],\n [\n -123.7667,\n 39.6167\n ],\n [\n -123.7667,\n 36.8\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c95d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McFarland, Forrest S.","contributorId":26775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"Forrest S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caskey, S. John","contributorId":8949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caskey","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grove, Karen","contributorId":48266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80618,"text":"sir20075237 - 2007 - Evaluation of Approaches for Managing Nitrate Loading from On-Site Wastewater Systems near La Pine, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"sir20075237","displayToPublicDate":"2007-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5237","title":"Evaluation of Approaches for Managing Nitrate Loading from On-Site Wastewater Systems near La Pine, Oregon","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, done in cooperation with the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality and Deschutes County, to develop a better understanding of the effects of nitrogen from on-site wastewater disposal systems on the quality of ground water near La Pine in southern Deschutes County and northern Klamath County, Oregon. Simulation models were used to test the conceptual understanding of the system and were coupled with optimization methods to develop the Nitrate Loading Management Model, a decision-support tool that can be used to efficiently evaluate alternative approaches for managing nitrate loading from on-site wastewater systems. The conceptual model of the system is based on geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical data collected for this study, as well as previous hydrogeologic and water quality studies and field testing of on-site wastewater systems in the area by other agencies.\r\n\r\nOn-site wastewater systems are the only significant source of anthropogenic nitrogen to shallow ground water in the study area. Between 1960 and 2005 estimated nitrate loading from on-site wastewater systems increased from 3,900 to 91,000 pounds of nitrogen per year. When all remaining lots are developed (in 2019 at current building rates), nitrate loading is projected to reach nearly 150,000 pounds of nitrogen per year. Low recharge rates (2-3 inches per year) and ground-water flow velocities generally have limited the extent of nitrate occurrence to discrete plumes within 20-30 feet of the water table; however, hydraulic-gradient and age data indicate that, given sufficient time and additional loading, nitrate will migrate to depths where many domestic wells currently obtain water. In 2000, nitrate concentrations greater than 4 milligrams nitrogen per liter (mg N/L) were detected in 10 percent of domestic wells sampled by Oregon Department of Environmental Quality.\r\n\r\nNumerical simulation models were constructed at transect (2.4 square miles) and study-area (247 square miles) scales to test the conceptual model and evaluate processes controlling nitrate concentrations in ground water and potential ground-water discharge of nitrate to streams. Simulation of water-quality conditions for a projected future build-out (base) scenario in which all existing lots are developed using conventional on-site wastewater systems indicates that, at equilibrium, average nitrate concentrations near the water table will exceed 10 mg N/L over areas totaling 9,400 acres. Other scenarios were simulated where future nitrate loading was reduced using advanced treatment on-site systems and a development transfer program. Seven other scenarios were simulated with total nitrate loading reductions ranging from 15 to 94 percent; simulated reductions in the area where average nitrate concentrations near the water table exceed 10 mg N/L range from 22 to 99 percent at equilibrium. Simulations also show that the ground-water system responds slowly to changes in nitrate loading due to low recharge rates and ground-water flow velocity. Consequently, reductions in nitrate loading will not immediately reduce average nitrate concentrations and the average concentration in the aquifer will continue to increase for 25-50 years depending on the level and timing of loading reduction. The capacity of the ground-water system to receive on-site wastewater system effluent, which is related to the density of homes, presence of upgradient residential development, ground-water recharge rate, ground-water flow velocity, and thickness of the oxic part of the aquifer, varies within the study area.\r\n\r\nOptimization capability was added to the study-area simulation model and the combined simulation-optimization model was used to evaluate alternative approaches to management of nitrate loading from on-site wastewater systems to the shallow alluvial aquifer. The Nitrate Loading Management Model (NLMM) was formulated to find the minimum red","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075237","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality and Deschutes County","usgsCitation":"Morgan, D.S., Hinkle, S.R., and Weick, R.J., 2007, Evaluation of Approaches for Managing Nitrate Loading from On-Site Wastewater Systems near La Pine, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5237, Report: viii, 66 p.; Plate: 21 x 18 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075237.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 66 p.; Plate: 21 x 18 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10454,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5237/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,43.5 ], [ -121.75,44 ], [ -121.25,44 ], [ -121.25,43.5 ], [ -121.75,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db62962d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, David S.","contributorId":73181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weick, Rodney J.","contributorId":79560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weick","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}