{"pageNumber":"2256","pageRowStart":"56375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68869,"records":[{"id":70156929,"text":"70156929 - 1979 - Properties and circulation of San Francisco Bay waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T11:33:14","indexId":"70156929","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Properties and circulation of San Francisco Bay waters","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"San Francisco Bay - the urbanized estuary","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science- Pacific Division","isbn":"0-934394-01-6","usgsCitation":"Conomos, T.J., 1979, Properties and circulation of San Francisco Bay waters, chap. <i>of</i> San Francisco Bay - the urbanized estuary.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://associations.sou.edu/aaaspd/WebPubs.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e81dbee4b0dacf699e6690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conomos, T. J.","contributorId":77515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conomos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156942,"text":"70156942 - 1979 - Processes affecting seasonal distribution of water properties in the San Francisco Bay estuarine system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T11:37:33","indexId":"70156942","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Processes affecting seasonal distribution of water properties in the San Francisco Bay estuarine system","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"San Francisco Bay - the urbanized estuary","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science Pacific Division","isbn":"0-934394-01-6","usgsCitation":"Conomos, T.J., Smith, R.E., Peterson, D.H., Hager, S., and Schemel, L., 1979, Processes affecting seasonal distribution of water properties in the San Francisco Bay estuarine system, chap. <i>of</i> San Francisco Bay - the urbanized estuary, p. 115-142.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"142","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307854,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://associations.sou.edu/aaaspd/WebPubs.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6e3e4b058f706e53df9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Conomos, T. J.","contributorId":77515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conomos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571209,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Conomos, T. J.","contributorId":77515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conomos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. E.","contributorId":76366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hager, S.W.","contributorId":51746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schemel, L. E.","contributorId":89529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70174588,"text":"70174588 - 1979 - A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of a tidal estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T15:43:25","indexId":"70174588","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of a tidal estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>A finite element model is described which is used in the computation of tidal currents in an estuary. This numerical model is patterned after an existing algorithm and has been carefully tested in rectangular and curve-sided channels with constant and variable depth. One of the common uncertainties in this class of two-dimensional hydrodynamic models is the treatment of the lateral boundary conditions. Special attention is paid specifically to addressing this problem. To maintain continuity within the domain of interest, &lsquo;smooth&rsquo; curve-sided elements must be used at all shoreline boundaries. The present model uses triangular, isoparametric elements with quadratic basis functions for the two velocity components and a linear basis function for water surface elevation. An implicit time integration is used and the model is unconditionally stable. The resultant governing equations are nonlinear owing to the advective and the bottom friction terms and are solved iteratively at each time step by the Newton-Raphson method. Model test runs have been made in the southern portion of San Francisco Bay, California (South Bay) as well as in the Bay west of Carquinez Strait. Owing to the complex bathymetry, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the Bay system are dictated by the generally shallow basins which contain deep, relict river channels. Great care must be exercised to ensure that the conservation equations remain locally as well as globally accurate. Simulations have been made over several representative tidal cycles using this finite element model, and the results compare favourably with existing data. In particular, the standing wave in South Bay and the progressive wave in the northern reach are well represented.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0309-1708(79)90033-2","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., and Cheng, R.T., 1979, A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of a tidal estuary: Advances in Water Resources, v. 2, p. 177-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(79)90033-2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.61291503906249,\n              37.385435182627226\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.61291503906249,\n              38.23170796744926\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.61865234375,\n              38.23170796744926\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.61865234375,\n              37.385435182627226\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.61291503906249,\n              37.385435182627226\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5787662ce4b0d27deb36e16f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70137323,"text":"70137323 - 1979 - Long-term observations of bottom current and bottom sediment movement on the mid-Atlantic continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T13:22:08","indexId":"70137323","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2321,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term observations of bottom current and bottom sediment movement on the mid-Atlantic continental shelf","docAbstract":"<p><span>Long-term in situ observations made at three locations on the mid-Atlantic continental shelf during 1975&ndash;1976 clearly show intermittent movement of bottom sediment caused by currents, waves, and other forcing mechanisms. In winter, storm-associated bottom currents greater than 30 cm s</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;resuspended and transported sediments. Net water particle excursions during storms were about 20&ndash;30 km longshelf and 5&ndash;10 km cross-shelf. Wave-induced bottom currents also resuspended sediments during periods of low mean flow. Sediment motion was observed in summer, although bottom conditions were generally tranquil. Significant changes in suspended matter concentration were observed that were only partially related to bottom currents. These changes may have been caused by biological activity or advection. Bottom currents on the mid-Atlantic region of the continental shelf were characterized by a coherent, primarily cross-shelf tidal flow of 5&ndash;10 cm s</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;and a low-frequency longshelf component of 5&ndash;20 cm s</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>. The longshelf current was coherent over length scales of 100 km at tidal frequencies and for motions with periods greater than 50 hours. For these longer periods the longshelf flow was coherent with wind stress, which implies that winds were a major driving force of the longshelf current. The cross-shelf current was not coherent at stations separated by 100 km except at tidal frequencies. Packets of high-frequency internal waves were observed during stratified conditions in summer with bottom currents as large as 20 cm s</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JC084iC03p01187","usgsCitation":"Butman, B., Noble, M.A., and Folger, D., 1979, Long-term observations of bottom current and bottom sediment movement on the mid-Atlantic continental shelf: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, v. 84, no. 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,{"id":70156933,"text":"70156933 - 1979 - Fluctuations of copper, zinc, and silver in tellenid clams as related to fresh-water discharge-south San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:07:05","indexId":"70156933","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Fluctuations of copper, zinc, and silver in tellenid clams as related to fresh-water discharge-south San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"San Francisco Bay - the urbanized estuary","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science- Pacific Division","isbn":"0-934394-01-6","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., and Cain, D., 1979, Fluctuations of copper, zinc, and silver in tellenid clams as related to fresh-water discharge-south San Francisco Bay, chap. <i>of</i> San Francisco Bay - the urbanized estuary, p. 231-246.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"246","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://associations.sou.edu/aaaspd/WebPubs.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb68de4b058f706e53c1b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Conomos, T. J.","contributorId":77515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conomos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571181,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156305,"text":"70156305 - 1979 - History, landforms, and vegetation of the estuary's tidal marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-02T09:25:52","indexId":"70156305","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"History, landforms, and vegetation of the estuary's tidal marshes","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"San Francisco Bay : the urbanized estuary : investigations into the Natural History of San Francisco Bay and Delta with reference to the influence of man : fifty-eighth annual meeting of the Pacific Division/American Association for the Advancement of Science held at San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, June 12-16, 1977","publisher":"AAAS Pacific Division","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","usgsCitation":"Atwater, B., Conrad, S., Dowden, J., Hedel, C., MacDonald, R., and Savage, W., 1979, History, landforms, and vegetation of the estuary's tidal marshes, chap. <i>of</i> San Francisco Bay : the urbanized estuary : investigations into the Natural History of San Francisco Bay and Delta with reference to the influence of man : fifty-eighth annual meeting of the Pacific Division/American Association for the Advancement of Science held at San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, June 12-16, 1977, p. 347-386.","startPage":"347","endPage":"386","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://associations.sou.edu/aaaspd/WebPubs.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579889b6e4b0589fa1c6ba5f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Conomos, T. J.","contributorId":77515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conomos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568599,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Atwater, B.F. 0000-0003-1155-2815","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":14006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"B.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrad, S.G.","contributorId":146644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conrad","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dowden, J.N.","contributorId":146648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dowden","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hedel, C.W.","contributorId":67974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedel","given":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacDonald, R.L.","contributorId":146649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Savage, W.","contributorId":8675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70170920,"text":"70170920 - 1979 - Status of projects in Minnesota, fiscal year 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:15:23","indexId":"70170920","displayToPublicDate":"1979-12-31T14:45:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Status of projects in Minnesota, fiscal year 1979","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/70170920","usgsCitation":"Jannis, J.A., and Diedrich, M., 1979, Status of projects in Minnesota, fiscal year 1979, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70170920.","productDescription":"79 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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,{"id":70236556,"text":"70236556 - 1979 - An overview of remote sensing techniques for irrigation system design and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-09T16:28:03.547912","indexId":"70236556","displayToPublicDate":"1979-12-31T11:15:49","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An overview of remote sensing techniques for irrigation system design and management","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"1979 Annual technical conference proceedings: Water, water everywhere but can we use it?","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Water, Water Everywhere - But Can We Use It? Annual Technical Conference","conferenceDate":"Feb 18-21, 1979","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Irrigation Association","usgsCitation":"Anderson, W.H., 1979, An overview of remote sensing techniques for irrigation system design and management, <i>in</i> 1979 Annual technical conference proceedings: Water, water everywhere but can we use it?, San Francisco, CA, Feb 18-21, 1979, p. 179-183.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"183","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, William H.","contributorId":9678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208738,"text":"70208738 - 1979 - Middle Miocene marine diatoms from the Hawthorn Formation within the Ridgeland Trough, South Carolina and Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-27T09:58:23","indexId":"70208738","displayToPublicDate":"1979-12-31T09:52:02","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle Miocene marine diatoms from the Hawthorn Formation within the Ridgeland Trough, South Carolina and Georgia","docAbstract":"<p><span>Diatomaceous sediments in outcrops of the Miocene Hawthorn Formation at Dawsons Landing in South Carolina and at Berrys Landing in Georgia, have yielded a total of 111 marine diatom taxa. Varving of the diatomaceous clay suggests that the diatoms were deposited in a restricted basin or lagoonal area that had oxygen-deficient bottom waters. The Middle Miocene diatom assemblage of the Hawthorn is correlative with that of approximately the upper half of Miocene Lithologic Unit 16 of the Choptank Formation in the Chesapeake Bay region of Maryland and with the Serravallian Stage.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Micropaleontology Press","doi":"10.2307/1485301","usgsCitation":"Abbott, W.H., and Andrews, G., 1979, Middle Miocene marine diatoms from the Hawthorn Formation within the Ridgeland Trough, South Carolina and Georgia: Micropaleontology, v. 25, no. 3, p. 225-271, https://doi.org/10.2307/1485301.","productDescription":"47 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"271","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.18209838867188,\n              32.001670907193514\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6568145751953,\n              32.001670907193514\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6568145751953,\n              32.29235678075132\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.18209838867188,\n              32.29235678075132\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.18209838867188,\n              32.001670907193514\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abbott, William H.","contributorId":222818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abbott","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, George W.","contributorId":40621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"George W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70120084,"text":"70120084 - 1979 - Managing the rippling stream: decisionmaking in natural resource administration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-12T09:57:15","indexId":"70120084","displayToPublicDate":"1979-12-01T09:54:57","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing the rippling stream: decisionmaking in natural resource administration","docAbstract":"This article addresses the conflict which exists within the water resources decisionmaking arena over the allocation of water for instream uses. The discussion reviews the literature on public administration regarding decisionmaking, and is based on research performed by the authors which synthesizes a model of decisionmaking. This model can be used as both a description of agency behavior, and as the basis for developing a prescription for strategy formulation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01182.x","usgsCitation":"Doerksen, H.R., and Lamb, B., 1979, Managing the rippling stream: decisionmaking in natural resource administration: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1707-1715, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01182.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1707","endPage":"1715","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291995,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01182.x"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53eb2a7ee4b0461e44764a70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doerksen, Harvey R.","contributorId":25476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doerksen","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamb, Berton L.","contributorId":24009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162279,"text":"70162279 - 1979 - Tolerance of developing salmonid eggs and fry to nitrate exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-01T18:58:21.240187","indexId":"70162279","displayToPublicDate":"1979-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tolerance of developing salmonid eggs and fry to nitrate exposure","docAbstract":"<p>This paper reports on tests which show significant effects on early salmonid life stages of nitrates at levels commonly found in groundwaters in geographical areas that are influenced by fertilizer application. It has long been known, from fish cultural experience, that in certain site specific locations, chronic problems can be expected with salmonid egg development and early fry mortality. However, fingerlings which survive usually grow normally. A complete explanation is lacking although several environmental factors have been proposed to account for this phenomenon. One, which has so far received little attention, is that nitrate levels in the ground and surface waters of many areas have been increasing significantly over historical background levels. Ammonia, urea, and other potential sources of nitrate can enter natural waters from a variety of sources, such as domestic or industrial sewage, animal feedlots, or seepage and return flows from agricultural lands. The latter may be the largest contributor, since billions of tons of nitrate fertilizers are applied to agricultural crops on a worldwide basis each year. In addition, intensive forest management techniques include the aerial application of nitrate fertilizer to increase the yield of wood products, while range management practices call for use of nitrates to increase forage production. The nitrate that is not taken up by plants ultimately appears in ground or surface waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01770006","usgsCitation":"Kincheloe, J.W., Wedemeyer, G.A., and Koch, D.L., 1979, Tolerance of developing salmonid eggs and fry to nitrate exposure: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 23, no. 1, p. 575-578, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01770006.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"578","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f6c55e4b0961cf27fd1d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kincheloe, John W.","contributorId":152375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kincheloe","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wedemeyer, Gary A.","contributorId":30668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedemeyer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koch, David L.","contributorId":152376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koch","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70175866,"text":"70175866 - 1979 - Operating instructions D-77 suspended-sediment sampler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:43:03","indexId":"70175866","displayToPublicDate":"1979-11-28T14:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Operating instructions D-77 suspended-sediment sampler","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project","usgsCitation":"Skinner, J.V., 1979, Operating instructions D-77 suspended-sediment sampler, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82de1e4b03fd6b7da3973","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, J. V.","contributorId":32504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185633,"text":"70185633 - 1979 - Chemical changes in an industrial waste liquid during post-injection movement in a limestone aquifer, Pensacola, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:13:01","indexId":"70185633","displayToPublicDate":"1979-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical changes in an industrial waste liquid during post-injection movement in a limestone aquifer, Pensacola, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>An industrial waste liquid containing organonitrile compounds and nitrate ion has been injected into the lower limestone of the Floridan aquifer near Pensacola, Florida since June 1975. Chemical analyses of water from monitor wells and backflow from the injection well indicate that organic carbon compounds are converted to CO<sub>2</sub> and nitrate is converted to N<sub>2</sub>. These transformations are caused by bacteria immediately after injection, and are virtually completed within 100 m of the injection well. The zone near the injection well behaves like an anaerobic filter with nitrate respiring bacteria dominating the microbial flora in this zone.</p><p>Sodium thiocyanate contained in the waste is unaltered during passage through the injection zone and is used to detect the degree of mixing of injected waste liquid with native water at a monitor well 312 m (712 ft) from the injection well. The dispersivity of the injection zone was calculated to be 10 m (33 ft). Analyses of samples from the monitor well indicate 80 percent reduction in chemical oxygen demand and virtually complete loss of organonitriles and nitrate from the waste liquid during passage from the injection well to the monitor well. Bacterial densities were much lower at the monitor well than in backflow from the injection well.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03357.x","usgsCitation":"Ehrlich, G.G., Godsy, E., Pascale, C., and Vecchioli, J., 1979, Chemical changes in an industrial waste liquid during post-injection movement in a limestone aquifer, Pensacola, Florida: Groundwater, v. 17, no. 6, p. 562-573, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03357.x.","productDescription":"12 p.  ","startPage":"562","endPage":"573","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Pensacola ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.29736328125,\n              30.334953881988564\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.01171875,\n              30.334953881988564\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.01171875,\n              30.600093873550072\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.29736328125,\n              30.600093873550072\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.29736328125,\n              30.334953881988564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63042e4b05ec79913112d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ehrlich, G. G.","contributorId":89126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehrlich","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godsy, E.M.","contributorId":56685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pascale, C.A.","contributorId":68724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascale","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vecchioli, John","contributorId":36113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchioli","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70175864,"text":"70175864 - 1979 - Instructions for the peristaltic pump, RP-77","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:42:42","indexId":"70175864","displayToPublicDate":"1979-10-30T14:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Instructions for the peristaltic pump, RP-77","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project","usgsCitation":"Skinner, J.V., 1979, Instructions for the peristaltic pump, RP-77, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dcae4b03fd6b7da37bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, J. V.","contributorId":32504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012536,"text":"70012536 - 1979 - Hydrogeology of glacial-terrain lakes, with management and planning applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T17:13:00.512137","indexId":"70012536","displayToPublicDate":"1979-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeology of glacial-terrain lakes, with management and planning applications","docAbstract":"<p>The subject of the relationship between groundwater and lakes is characterized by sparse information and, in general, has received limited attention by hydrologists. Nevertheless, the hydrogeologic regime of lakes must be adequately assessed in order to intelligently manage lakes and their related shorelands. This paper is a compilation of hydrogeologic data for numerous lakes in North America and presents a preliminary classification framework for lakes based on hydrogeologic considerations. The classification leads to systematic categorization of lake types for planning and management purposes. </p><p>The main hydrogeologic factors for assessing lake environments are: (1) regime dominance, the relative magnitude of groundwater in the total water budget of a lake; (2) system efficiency, a description of the rate aspects of surface and groundwater movement through a lake system; and (3) position within a groundwater flow system. We indicate the significance and difficulty of measuring these descriptive characteristics and provide examples of each category. Additionally, a variety of lake-related activities that illustrate the value of hydrogeologic information for planning and management purposes are presented.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(79)90163-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Born, S., Smith, S., and Stephenson, D., 1979, Hydrogeology of glacial-terrain lakes, with management and planning applications: Journal of Hydrology, v. 43, no. 1-4, p. 7-43, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(79)90163-X.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"43","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a348de4b0c8380cd5f854","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Born, S.M.","contributorId":105435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Born","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, S.A.","contributorId":72930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephenson, D.A.","contributorId":103794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012494,"text":"70012494 - 1979 - Contribution of groundwater modeling to planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:56:14.014137","indexId":"70012494","displayToPublicDate":"1979-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contribution of groundwater modeling to planning","docAbstract":"<p>The consideration of groundwater in water-resource planning frequently has been neglected because many planners believed that groundwater could not be adequately evaluated in terms of availability, quality, cost of development, or effect of development on the surface-water supply. The development of predictive groundwater models now provides the water planner with tools to evaluate these problems. Highly sophisticated digital models can be used in planning the development of groundwater and the conjunctive use of ground- and surface water. About 250 digital models have been used to evaluate groundwater problems: The models are powerful tools for predicting the response of groundwater systems to stresses. They can also clarify the cause and progress of past stresses. With these developments it is now possible to integrate the utilization of groundwater into water-resource planning with a high degree of confidence.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(79)90168-9","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Moore, J., 1979, Contribution of groundwater modeling to planning: Journal of Hydrology, v. 43, no. 1-4, p. 121-128, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(79)90168-9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"128","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa82e4b0c8380cd4db3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, J.E.","contributorId":34927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012530,"text":"70012530 - 1979 - Simulated changes in potentiometric levels resulting from groundwater development for phosphate mines, west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:38:22.145099","indexId":"70012530","displayToPublicDate":"1979-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated changes in potentiometric levels resulting from groundwater development for phosphate mines, west-central Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>A digital model of two-dimensional groundwater flow was used to predict changes in the potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer resulting from groundwater development for proposed and existing phosphate mines during 1976-2000. The modeled area covers 15,379 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>in west-central Florida.</span></p><p><span>In 1975, groundwater withdrawn from the Floridan aquifer for irrigation, phosphate mines, other industries and municipal supplies averaged about 28,500 1/s. Withdrawals for phosphate mines are expected to shift from Polk County to adjacent counties to the south and west, and to decline from about 7,620 1/s in 1975 to about 7,060 1/s in 2000.</span></p><p><span>The model was calibrated under steady-state and transient conditions. Input parameters included aquifer transmissivity and storage coefficient; thickness, vertical hydraulic conductivity, and storage coefficient of the upper confining bed; altitudes of the water table and potentiometric surface; and groundwater withdrawals.</span></p><p><span>Simulation of November 1976 to October 2000, using projected combined pumping rates for existing and proposed phosphate mines, resulted in a rise in the potentiometric surface of about 6 m in Polk County, and a decline of about 4 m in parts of Manatee and Hardee counties.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5648(09)70034-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Wilson, W., and Gerhart, J.M., 1979, Simulated changes in potentiometric levels resulting from groundwater development for phosphate mines, west-central Florida: Journal of Hydrology, v. 43, no. 1-4, p. 491-515, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5648(09)70034-6.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"515","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221828,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"west-central Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.65993890446225,\n              27.823062786062707\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.65993890446225,\n              27.417356611278876\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.64909608630823,\n              27.417356611278876\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.64909608630823,\n              27.823062786062707\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.65993890446225,\n              27.823062786062707\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f86e4b08c986b318fa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, W.E.","contributorId":100831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerhart, J. M.","contributorId":12855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012577,"text":"70012577 - 1979 - Effects of karst and geologic structure on the circulation of water and permeability in carbonate aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:45:30.277357","indexId":"70012577","displayToPublicDate":"1979-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of karst and geologic structure on the circulation of water and permeability in carbonate aquifers","docAbstract":"<p><span>The results of the natural processes caused by solution and leaching of limestone, dolomite, gypsum, salt and other soluble rocks, is known as karst. Development of karst is commonly known as karstification, which may have a pronounced effect on the topography, hydrology and environment, especially where such karst features as sinkholes and vertical solution shafts extend below the land surface and intersect lateral solution passages, cavities, caverns and other karst features in carbonate rocks. Karst features may be divided into two groups: (1) surficial features that do not extend far below the surface; and (2) karst features such as sinkholes that extend below the surface and affect the circulation of water below.</span></p><p><span>The permeability of the most productive carbonate aquifers is due chiefly to enlargement of fractures and other openings by circulation of water. Important controlling factors responsible for the development of karst and permeability in carbonate aquifers include: (1) climate, topography, and presence of soluble rocks; (2) geologic structure; (3) nature of underground circulation; and (4) base level. Another important factor is the condition of the surface of the carbonate rocks at the time they are exposed to meteoric water. A carbonate rock surface, with soil or relatively permeable, less soluble cover, is more favorable for initiation of karstification and solution than bare rocks. Water percolates downward through the cover to the underlying carbonate rocks instead of running off on the surface. Also, the water becomes more corrosive as it percolates through the permeable cover to the underlying carbonate rocks. Where there is no cover or the cover has been removed, the carbonate rocks become case hardened and resistant to erosion. However, in regions underlain not only by carbonate rocks but also by beds of anhydrite, gypsum and salt, such as the Hueco Plateau in southeastern New Mexico, subsurface solution may occur where water without natural acids moves down from bare rock surfaces through cracks to the beds that are more soluble than carbonate rocks. For example, in the area of Carlsbad Caverns in southeastern New Mexico, much of the water responsible for solution that formed the caverns apparently entered the groundwater system through large open fractures and did not form sinkhole topography. East of the Carlsbad Caverns, however, in the Pecos River Valley where the carbonate rocks are overlain by the less soluble Ogallala Formation of Late Tertiary age, solution began along escarpments as the Pecos River and its tributaries cut through the less soluble cover. As these escarpments retreated, sinkholes and other karst features developed.</span></p><p><span>Joints or fractures are essential for initiation of downward percolation of water in compact carbonate rocks such as some Paleozoic limestone in which there is no intergranular permeability. Also joints or fractures and bedding planes may be essential in the initiation of lateral movement of water in the zone of saturation. Where conditions of recharge and discharge are favorable, groundwater may move parallel to the dip. However, the direction of movement of water in most carbonate rocks is not necessarily down dip or parallel to the dip. The general direction of movement of both surface and groundwater may be parallel to the strike in a breached anticline. Faults may restrict the lateral movement of water, especially if water-bearing beds are faulted against relatively impervious beds. Conversely, some fault may serve as avenues through which water may move as, for example, in the Cretaceous Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas.</span></p><p><span>Karst aquifers, chiefly carbonate rocks, may be placed in three groups according to water-bearing capacity. Water in aquifers of group&nbsp;<i>1</i>&nbsp;occurs chiefly in joints, fractures, and other openings that have not been enlarged by solution. The yield of wells is small. Aquifers in group&nbsp;<i>2</i>, with low to intermediate yields, are those in which water occurs in joints and fractures with some cavities and channels enlarged by solution. Aquifers in group&nbsp;<i>3</i>&nbsp;are those in which the yield of wells and springs range from intermediate to very large. This group includes five of the most productive aquifers in the U.S.A.</span></p><p><span>The water-bearing beds of all of these productive aquifers, except the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida, contain buried paleokarst in which the permeability has been reactivated and enlarged by the present circulation system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(79)90178-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Stringfield, V.T., Rapp, J.R., and Anders, R., 1979, Effects of karst and geologic structure on the circulation of water and permeability in carbonate aquifers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 43, no. 1-4, p. 313-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(79)90178-1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"332","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222730,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0730e4b0c8380cd515d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stringfield, V. T.","contributorId":72369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stringfield","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rapp, J. R.","contributorId":29394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anders, R.B.","contributorId":106533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012544,"text":"70012544 - 1979 - Hydraulic potential in Lake Michigan bottom sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T17:07:52.687346","indexId":"70012544","displayToPublicDate":"1979-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic potential in Lake Michigan bottom sediments","docAbstract":"<p>The magnitude and direction of groundwater flux in the bottom sediments of Lake Michigan were deduced from measurements made during three shipboard cruises between 1973 and 1975. These factors affect the geochemical environment of the sediments and therefore the distribution of trace elements reported to be present. The near-shore, sandy-bottom and fine-grained, soft, deep-lake sediments were investigated; areas of hard till or bedrock were not included in the study. </p><p>Thirty-three piezometers were placed in near-shore sands in waters 5-15 m deep. The piezometers were placed an average of 3 m into the bottom sediment. Water levels from the piezometers averaged 0.6 cm above the lake level, equivalent to an upward hydraulic gradient of about 0.002 cm/cm. Water samples taken from the piezometers have a distinctly different chemical composition from that of the lake water. The total dissolved mineral content and hardness of the groundwater are about twice those of the lake water. </p><p>Twenty-two hydraulic gradient measurements were made in the fine-grained soft deep-lake sediments in waters 48-140 m deep by using a differential-pressure transducer dropped into the sediments. These measurements show an upward gradient averaging 0.2 cm/cm. No chemical data were obtained for the groundwater in the deep-lake sediments. </p><p>The results of this study indicate that the groundwater flux is upward through the bottom sediments into Lake Michigan and that there is a chemical change in the water near the water-sediment contact.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(79)90165-3","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Cartwright, K., Hunt, C., Hughes, G., and Brower, R., 1979, Hydraulic potential in Lake Michigan bottom sediments: Journal of Hydrology, v. 43, no. 1-4, p. 67-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(79)90165-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"78","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222022,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.84127084380928,\n              42.60478003613326\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.84127084380928,\n              42.32699859495696\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.68145821342434,\n              42.32699859495696\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.68145821342434,\n              42.60478003613326\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.84127084380928,\n              42.60478003613326\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32f9e4b0c8380cd5ec11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartwright, K.","contributorId":50292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, C.S.","contributorId":84904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, G.M.","contributorId":87289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brower, R.D.","contributorId":75276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brower","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70129660,"text":"70129660 - 1979 - Fresh-water cementation of a 1,000-year-old oolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T14:47:59","indexId":"70129660","displayToPublicDate":"1979-09-01T14:38:32","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fresh-water cementation of a 1,000-year-old oolite","docAbstract":"Calcite cementation of aragonite ooid sand is producing oolite on Joulters Cays, Bahamas. During the last 1,000 years, calcite cement has formed at an average rate of between 27 and 55 cm<sup>3</sup> /m<sup>3</sup> /yr and is derived from dissolution of ooid aragonite in fresh water. The dissolution-reprecipitation of carbonate minerals in the aquifer results in ground waters of unusually high Sr content. Sea water and mixtures of fresh and sea water appear to inhibit cementation. A pronounced cement fabric change occurs across the water table and has produced an obvious petrographic record of fresh-water diagenesis. Above the water table, cement is typically near grain contact positions, where water is held by capillarity; below the water table, cement is more randomly distributed around grains. At the water table a transition zone, 1 meter thick, marks the boundary between cement textures. No porosity reduction is associated with cementation; calcite cement precipitation is apparently compensated by an equal or greater amount of aragonite dissolution in the interval undergoing cementation. Permeability is more variable above the water table than below it, reflecting early channelling of flow patterns in the vadose zone. Effective permeability below the water table is one to two orders of magnitude higher than above the water table because of entrained gas in the vadose zone. This permeability difference promotes preservation of unstable minerals above the water table and continued diagenetic alteration below the water table.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists","doi":"10.1306/212F7892-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Halley, R.B., and Harris, P.M., 1979, Fresh-water cementation of a 1,000-year-old oolite: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 49, no. 3, p. 969-987, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7892-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"969","endPage":"987","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295739,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/212F7892-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D"},{"id":295740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Bahamas","otherGeospatial":"Joulters Cays","volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b6a1fe4b03653c63fb1ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halley, R. B.","contributorId":9984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, P. M.","contributorId":27377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007440,"text":"1007440 - 1979 - Undersea topography and distribution of dolphins of the genus Delphinus in the Southern California Bight","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-11T16:01:11.179643","indexId":"1007440","displayToPublicDate":"1979-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Undersea topography and distribution of dolphins of the genus Delphinus in the Southern California Bight","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aerial surveys totalling 21,902 km were analyzed in the Southern California Bight. Although the genus&nbsp;</span><i>Delphinus</i><span>&nbsp;is easily recognizable from aircraft, the different species are not detectable in these flights.&nbsp;</span><i>Delphinus</i><span>&nbsp;occur more frequently in areas of high relief than in areas of low relief. The depth of the water does not appear to influence distribution of&nbsp;</span><i>Delphinus</i><span>. The availability of prey species over areas of different relief may be a major factor influencing these distribution patterns. Although the relative frequencies of occurrence of&nbsp;</span><i>Delphinus</i><span>&nbsp;within depth and relief classes do not change from one half of the year to the next, the aggregation sizes differ significantly. From May through October, when anchovies are the major component of the diet and are more available as indicated by the live catch fishery records,&nbsp;</span><i>Delphinus</i><span>&nbsp;aggregations have a median size of 250. From November to April the median aggregation size is 40.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1380092","usgsCitation":"Hui, C.A., 1979, Undersea topography and distribution of dolphins of the genus Delphinus in the Southern California Bight: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 60, no. 3, p. 521-527, https://doi.org/10.2307/1380092.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"527","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130297,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern California Bight","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.76888341719972,\n              34.60168553100492\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.59454016557058,\n              33.98466931773881\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.93932237593755,\n              32.42585872678272\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.08598158594107,\n              32.47894439805401\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.30491127548615,\n              33.2023090855893\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.97552515199041,\n              33.86933079117718\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.21220412864281,\n              34.47553574245892\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.76888341719972,\n              34.60168553100492\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f70a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hui, Clifford A.","contributorId":68252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hui","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185528,"text":"70185528 - 1979 - Irrigation in Michigan, 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T10:43:26","indexId":"70185528","displayToPublicDate":"1979-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Irrigation in Michigan, 1977","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Water Management Division","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Bedell, D., and Van Til, R.L., 1979, Irrigation in Michigan, 1977, iii, 37 p.","productDescription":"iii, 37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70209701,"text":"70209701 - 1979 - Comparison of the TRM of the Yellowstone Group and the DRM of some Pearlette ash beds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-21T17:16:02.5031","indexId":"70209701","displayToPublicDate":"1979-08-01T12:11:21","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of the TRM of the Yellowstone Group and the DRM of some Pearlette ash beds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Air fall ash beds (Pearlette) originating from rhyolitic eruptions in the Yellowstone‐Island Park region of Wyoming and Idaho are discontinuous but widespread throughout the western United States. Accumulation and deposition of ashes occurred in low‐energy fluvial and lacustrine environments. These ash beds have been correlated, according to their chemistry and remanent magnetism, with specific eruptions of tuffs of the Pleistocene Yellowstone Group. Type O Pearlette ash beds are normally magnetized and correlate with the Lava Creek Tuff (0.60 m.y.), whereas type S Pearlette ash beds are reversely magnetized and correlate with the Mesa Falls Tuff (1.22 m.y.). The mean direction of detrital remanent magnetization (DRM) of 11 type O Pearlette ash beds is identical to the mean direction of thermal remanent magnetization (TRM) of the Lava Creek Tuff after correcting for differences in site latitude and longitude. Considered separately, only 2 of the 13 Pearlette ash beds studied possess mean inclinations significantly shallower than, and only 4 have mean declinations significantly different from, those of their correlative tuffs. Identical directions of magnetization measured from evenly laminated and highly contorted type O ash suggest that a readjustment of magnetic grains in water‐saturated ash shortly after deposition may account for the close agreement of TRM and DRM.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB084iB09p04525","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., 1979, Comparison of the TRM of the Yellowstone Group and the DRM of some Pearlette ash beds: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 84, no. B9, p. 4525-4532, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB09p04525.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4525","endPage":"4532","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Group","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              42.819580715795915\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.127197265625,\n              42.819580715795915\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.127197265625,\n              45.69850658738846\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              45.69850658738846\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              42.819580715795915\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221474,"text":"5221474 - 1979 - Uptake of methoxychlor from food and water by the American toad (Bufo americanus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T23:05:15.012581","indexId":"5221474","displayToPublicDate":"1979-06-16T12:19:14","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Uptake of methoxychlor from food and water by the American toad (<i>Bufo americanus</i>)","title":"Uptake of methoxychlor from food and water by the American toad (Bufo americanus)","docAbstract":"<p>Various studies (Mulla et al. 1963; Ferguson and Gilbert 1967; Cooke 1973) have examined the effects of pesticides on anuran amphibians, but the routes of contaminant uptake by transformed amphibians have not been evaluated. The need of frogs and toads to imbibe water from natural surface water would seem to make them vulnerable to uptake from this source. Fish are known to accumulate pesticides from both food and water (Jarvinen et al. 1977). Toads are more terrestrial and tend to lose water less readily than most other amphibians (Thorson and Svihla 1943); hence they should he a conservative estimator of the potential for uptake of pesticides from water. Methoxychlor is an analogue of DDT and has been widely used to replace it. It is a good model of many pesticides in current use in its low persistence in animal tissues (Gardner and Bailey 1975), and its long half life in water (Wolfe et al. 1977). It is also suitable for study because of its relatively low toxicity to amphibians (Kaplan and Overpeck 1964) and its easily detected residues. In the present study we measured the accumulation of methoxychlor from food and water in a preliminary evaluation of the two routes of exposure.</p><p><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01769965","usgsCitation":"Hall, R., and Swineford, D., 1979, Uptake of methoxychlor from food and water by the American toad (Bufo americanus): Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 23, no. 3, p. 335-337, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01769965.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db6085d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, R.J.","contributorId":32885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swineford, D.","contributorId":73294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swineford","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221458,"text":"5221458 - 1979 - Organochlorine poisoning of herons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:16:43","indexId":"5221458","displayToPublicDate":"1979-06-16T12:19:12","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Organochlorine poisoning of herons","docAbstract":"<p> Over a period of years interested individuals have submitted many dead or moribund herons of various species to our laboratory to learn whether the birds had been affected by diseases or organochlorine poisoning. Residue concentrations in carcasses of birds and mammals are considered the best measure of sublethal exposure, whereas residues in brains are best to use for diagnosing death by most organochlorine chemicals (see Heinz et al. 1979 for review).</p><p> Residue concentrations in brains that are diagnostic of organochlorine poisoning for birds have been determined in the laboratory for DDT and its metabolites (L.F. Stickel et al. 1966; W.H. Stickel et al. 1970; Stickel and Stickel 1970; W.H. Stickel, pers. comm.); dieldrin (W.H. Stickel et al. 1969; W.H. Stickel, pers. comm.); heptachlor, chlordane, and oxychlordane (L.F. Stickel et al. 1979; W.H. Stickel, pers. comm.); endrin (W.H. Stickel et al. 1979); Aroclor 1254 (W.H. Stickel 1975; W.H. Stickel, pers. comm.); and mirex (W.H. Stickel et al. 1973). This subject is discussed in further detail by Heinz et al. (1979).</p><p> The purpose of the present paper is to document the occurrence and concentration of organochlorine residues in the brains of herons from various areas in the United States. By comparing these residue concentrations with laboratory-determined diagnostic lethal levels, we conclude that some herons were killed by organochlorine poisoning; others were at least seriously endangered by the residues they carried.</p><p> Complete results of carcass analyses for these and other herons, as well as further details on residues in brains, will be reported elsewhere (H.M. Ohlendorf, D.M. Swineford, and L.N. Locke, unpublished manuscript). Overall, we analyzed carcasses or brains of more than 70 herons found dead or moribund and 36 others taken in planned collections. Residue levels in carcasses of many herons were not high enough to warrant analysis of brains. In the present paper we compare carcass and brain residues of dieldrin in 23 herons of which both carcass and brain were analyzed.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 1979 conference of the Colonial Waterbird Group","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"1979 conference of the colonial waterbird group","conferenceDate":"October 25-28, 1979","conferenceLocation":"Lafayette, LA","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","usgsCitation":"Ohlendorf, H.M., Swineford, D.M., and Locke, L.N., 1979, Organochlorine poisoning of herons, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 1979 conference of the Colonial Waterbird Group, v. 3, Lafayette, LA, October 25-28, 1979, p. 176-185.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"185","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife 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