{"pageNumber":"2258","pageRowStart":"56425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68869,"records":[{"id":70012252,"text":"70012252 - 1979 - Probability weighted moments compared with some traditional techniques in estimating Gumbel Parameters and quantiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:26:58","indexId":"70012252","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probability weighted moments compared with some traditional techniques in estimating Gumbel Parameters and quantiles","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content mainAbstract\"><p>Estimates of the parameters and quantiles of the Gumbel distribution by the methods of probability weighted moments, (conventional) moments, and maximum likelihood were compared. Results were derived from Monte Carlo experiments by using both independent and serially correlated Gumbel numbers. The method of probability weighted moments was seen to compare favorably with the other two techniques.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR015i005p01055","usgsCitation":"Landwehr, J.M., Matalas, N., and Wallis, J., 1979, Probability weighted moments compared with some traditional techniques in estimating Gumbel Parameters and quantiles: Water Resources Research, v. 15, no. 5, p. 1055-1064, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR015i005p01055.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1064","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8cbce4b0c8380cd7e86f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landwehr, J. Maciunas","contributorId":13962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landwehr","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Maciunas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matalas, N.C.","contributorId":25173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matalas","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallis, J.R.","contributorId":79236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallis","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012253,"text":"70012253 - 1979 - Some basic considerations in the design of hydrologic data networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:27:36","indexId":"70012253","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some basic considerations in the design of hydrologic data networks","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two preeminent considerations of data network design are the random nature of the hydrologic phenomena and the uses that will be made of the data. Information distilled from the data is usually measured in a parametric statistical sense, although the data user is more concerned with the integrated measure of information - what impact does the lack of perfect hydrologic information have on the ensuing decisions? Two facets of the network, the efficiency of the data collection and the effectiveness of the resulting information, must be integrated to achieve a complete network design.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR015i006p01673","usgsCitation":"Moss, M.E., 1979, Some basic considerations in the design of hydrologic data networks: Water Resources Research, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1673-1676, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR015i006p01673.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1673","endPage":"1676","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b927de4b08c986b319f43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moss, Marshall E.","contributorId":6830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012255,"text":"70012255 - 1979 - Water, something peculiar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-03T17:02:16.140953","indexId":"70012255","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1926,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water, something peculiar","docAbstract":"<p><span>Some chemical and physical properties of water are discussed and compared with those of other fluids. For instance, the boiling point is much higher than one would expect considering the molecular weight of water. The heat capacity is also much higher but the viscosity is not. The dielectric constant is exceptionally high. These and other properties of water can be explained by the geometry of the water molecule and the structure of water or ice.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626667909491889","issn":"03036936","usgsCitation":"Van Hylckama, T.E., 1979, Water, something peculiar: Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, v. 24, no. 4, p. 499-507, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491889.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"507","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480605,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491889","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":222061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcce4e4b08c986b32dd9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Hylckama, T. E. A.","contributorId":73568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hylckama","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012283,"text":"70012283 - 1979 - Water quality.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T14:19:43","indexId":"70012283","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3284,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water quality.","docAbstract":"Significant contributions in the broad area of water quality over the quadrennium 1975-78 are highlighted. This summare is concerned primarily with physical and chemical aspects of water quality. The diversity of subject areas within the topic heading and the large volume of published research results necessitated the selection of representative contributions. Over 400 references are cited which are believed to be indicative of general trends in research and of the more important developments during this period.- from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/RG017i006p01306","issn":"00346853","usgsCitation":"Steele, T., and Stefan, H., 1979, Water quality.: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1306-1335, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG017i006p01306.","startPage":"1306","endPage":"1335","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268043,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/RG017i006p01306"},{"id":222406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc8fee4b08c986b32cbea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, T.D.","contributorId":38976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stefan, H.G.","contributorId":29960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefan","given":"H.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011710,"text":"70011710 - 1979 - Space, time, and the third dimension (model error)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:26:24","indexId":"70011710","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Space, time, and the third dimension (model error)","docAbstract":"<p>The space-time tradeoff of hydrologic data collection (the ability to substitute spatial coverage for temporal extension of records or vice versa) is controlled jointly by the statistical properties of the phenomena that are being measured and by the model that is used to meld the information sources. The control exerted on the space-time tradeoff by the model and its accompanying errors has seldom been studied explicitly. The technique, known as Network Analyses for Regional Information (NARI), permits such a study of the regional regression model that is used to relate streamflow parameters to the physical and climatic characteristics of the drainage basin.</p><p>The NARI technique shows that model improvement is a viable and sometimes necessary means of improving regional data collection systems. Model improvement provides an immediate increase in the accuracy of regional parameter estimation and also increases the information potential of future data collection. Model improvement, which can only be measured in a statistical sense, cannot be quantitatively estimated prior to its achievement; thus an attempt to upgrade a particular model entails a certain degree of risk on the part of the hydrologist.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR015i006p01797","usgsCitation":"Moss, M.E., 1979, Space, time, and the third dimension (model error): Water Resources Research, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1797-1800, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR015i006p01797.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1797","endPage":"1800","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b940ae4b08c986b31a819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moss, Marshall E.","contributorId":6830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012293,"text":"70012293 - 1979 - Gases in steam from Cerro Prieto geothermal wells with a discussion of steam/gas ratio measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T14:07:53","indexId":"70012293","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gases in steam from Cerro Prieto geothermal wells with a discussion of steam/gas ratio measurements","docAbstract":"As part of a joint USGS-CFE geochemical study of Cerro Prieto, steam samples were collected for gas analyses in April, 1977. Analyses of the major gas components of the steam were made by wet chemistry (for H2O,CO2,H2S and NH3) and by gas chromatography (He,H2,Ar,O2,N2 and hydrocarbons). The hydrocarbon gases in Cerro Prieto steam closely resemble hydrocarbons in steam from Larderello, Italy and The Geysers, California which, although they are vapor-dominated rather than hot-water geothermal systems, also have sedimentary aquifer rocks. These sedimentary geothermal hydrocarbons are characterized by the presence of branched C4-6 compounds and a lack of unsaturated compounds other than benzene. Relatively large amounts of benzene may be characteristic of high-temperature geothermal systems. All hydrocarbons in these gases other than methane most probably originate from the thermal metamorphosis of organic matter contained in the sediments. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(79)90048-8","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Nehring, N., and Fausto, L., 1979, Gases in steam from Cerro Prieto geothermal wells with a discussion of steam/gas ratio measurements: Geothermics, v. 8, no. 3-4, p. 253-255, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(79)90048-8.","startPage":"253","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268145,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(79)90048-8"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14e2e4b0c8380cd54bf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nehring, N.L.","contributorId":21157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nehring","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fausto, L.J.J.","contributorId":92806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fausto","given":"L.J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012303,"text":"70012303 - 1979 - U.S. Geological Survey core drilling on the Atlantic shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T09:52:30","indexId":"70012303","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey core drilling on the Atlantic shelf","docAbstract":"<p>The first broad program of scientific shallow drilling on the U.S. Atlantic continental shelf has delineated rocks of Pleistocene to Late Cretaceous age, including phosphoritic Miocene strata, widespread Eocene carbonate deposits that serve as reflective seismic markers, and several regional unconformities. Two sites, off Maryland and New Jersey, showed light hydrocarbon gases having affinity to mature petroleum. Pore fluid studies showed that relatively fresh to brackish water occurs beneath much of the Atlantic continental shelf, whereas increases in salinity off Georgia and beneath the Florida-Hatteras slope suggest buried evaporitic strata. The sediment cores showed engineering properties that range from good foundation strength to a potential for severe loss of strength through interaction between sediments and man-made structures.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.206.4418.515","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Hathaway, J., Poag, C.W., Valentine, P.C., Miller, R., Schultz, D., Manheim, F., Kohout, F.A., Bothner, M., and Sangrey, D., 1979, U.S. Geological Survey core drilling on the Atlantic shelf: Science, v. 206, no. 4418, p. 515-527, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.206.4418.515.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"527","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"206","issue":"4418","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb2ee4b08c986b32854d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hathaway, J.C.","contributorId":94280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poag, C. W.","contributorId":16402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valentine, P. C.","contributorId":46505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, R.E.","contributorId":86754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schultz, D.M.","contributorId":98310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kohout, F. A.","contributorId":11593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohout","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sangrey, D.A.","contributorId":47364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sangrey","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70012411,"text":"70012411 - 1979 - Surface faults in the gulf coastal plain between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T15:14:48","indexId":"70012411","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface faults in the gulf coastal plain between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Displacement of the land surface by faulting is widespread in the Houston-Galveston region, an area which has undergone moderate to severe land subsidence associated with fluid withdrawal (principally water, and to a lesser extent, oil and gas). A causative link between subsidence and fluid extraction has been convincingly reported in the published literature. However, the degree to which fluid withdrawal affects fault movement in the Texas Gulf Coast, and the mechanism(s) by which this occurs are as yet unclear. </p><p>Faults that offset the ground surface are not confined to the large (&gt;6000-km<sup>2</sup>) subsidence “bowl” centered on Houston, but rather are common and characteristic features of Gulf Coast geology. Current observations and conclusions concerning surface faults mapped in a 35,000-km<sup>2</sup> area between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas (which area includes the Houston subsidence bowl) may be summarized as follows:</p><p> (1) Hundreds of faults cutting the Pleistocene&nbsp;and Holocene sediments exposed in the coastal plain have been mapped. Many faults lie well outside the Houston-Galveston region; of these, more than 10% are active, as shown by such features as displaced, fractured, and patched road surfaces, structural failure of buildings astride faults, and deformed railroad tracks.&nbsp;</p><p>(2) Complex patterns of surface faults are common above salt domes. Both radial patterns (for example, in High Island, Blue Ridge, Clam Lake, and Clinton domes) and crestal grabens (for example, in the South Houston and Friendswood-Webster domes) have been recognized. Elongate grabens connecting several known and suspected salt domes, such as the fault zone connecting Mykawa, Friendswood-Webster, and Clear Lake domes, suggest fault development above rising salt ridges. </p><p>(3) Surface faults associated with salt domes tend to be short (&lt;5 km in length), numerous, curved in map view, and of diverse trend. Intersecting faults are common. In contrast, surface faults in areas unaffected by salt diapirism are frequently mappable for appreciable distances (&gt;10 km), occur  singly or in simple grabens, have gently sinuous traces, and tend to lie roughly parallel to the ENE-NE “coastwise” trend common to regional growth faults identified in subsurface Tertiary sediments.&nbsp;</p><p>(4) Evidence to support the thesis that surface scarps are the shallow expression of faults extending downward into the Tertiary section is mostly indirect, but nonetheless reasonably convincing. Certainly the patterns of crestal grabens and radiating faults mapped on the surface above salt domes are more than happenstance; analogous fault patterns have been documented around these structures at depth. Similarly, some of the long surface faults not associated with salt domes seem to have subsurface counterparts among known regional growth faults documented through well logs and seismic data. Correlations between surface scarps and faults offsetting subsurface data are not conclusive because of the large vertical distances (1900- 3800 m) involved in making the most of the inferred connections. Nevertheless, the large number of successful correlations - in trend, movement sense, and position - suggests that many surface scarps represent merely the most recent displacements on faults formed during the Tertiary. </p><p>(5) Upstream-facing fault scarps in this region of low relief can be significant impediments to streams. Locally, both abandoned, mud-filled Pleistocene distributary channels and, more commonly, Holocene drainage lines still occupied by perennial streams reflect the influence of faulting on their development. Some bend sharply near faults and have tended to flow along or pond against the base of scarps; others meander within topographically expressed grabens. Such evidence for Quaternary displacement of the ground surface is widespread in the Texas Gulf coast. In the general, however, streams in areas now offset by faulting show no disruption of their courses where they cross fault scarps. Such scarps are probably very young, and where they can be demonstrated to partly or wholly predate fluid withdrawal, very recent natural fault activity is indicated.&nbsp;<br></p><p>(6) Early aerial photographs (1930) of the entire region and topographic maps (1915-16 surveys) of Harris County (Houston and vicinity) show that many faults had already displaced the land surface at a time when appreciable pressure declines in subjacent strata were localized to relatively few areas of large-scale pumping. Prehistoric faulting of the land surface, as noted above, appears to have affected much of the Texas Gulf Coast. </p><p>(7) A relation between groundwater extraction and current motion on active faults is suspected because of the increased incidence of ground failure in the Houston-Galveston subsidence bowl. This argument is weakened somewhat by recognition of numerous surface faults, some of them active today, far beyond the periphery of the strongly subsiding area. Moreover, tilt beam records from two monitored faults in northwest Houston and accounts of fault damage from local residents demonstrate a complex, episodic nature of fault creep which can only partially be correlated with groundwater production. Nevertheless, although specific mechanisms are in doubt, the extraction of groundwater from shallow (&lt;800-m) sands is probably a major factor in contributing to current displacement of the ground surface in the Houston-Galveston region. Within this large area, the number of faults recognizable from aerial photographs has increased at least tenfold between 1930 and 1970. Elsewhere in the Texas Gulf Coast only a moderate increase has been noted, some of which is possibly attributable to oil and gas production. Surface fault density in the Houston-Galveston region is far greater than in any other area of the Texas Gulf Coast investigated to date. A plausible explanation for these differences is that large overdrafts of groundwater over an extended period of time in the Houston-Galveston region have stimulated fault activity there. Throughout the Texas Gulf Coast, however, a natural contribution to fault motion remains a distinct possibility. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90248-8","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Verbeek, E.R., 1979, Surface faults in the gulf coastal plain between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 373-375, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90248-8.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"375","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.30639648437499,\n              32.045332838858506\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.646240234375,\n              30.90222470517144\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.56982421875,\n              28.168875180063345\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.61450195312499,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.30639648437499,\n              32.045332838858506\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9face4b08c986b31e785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verbeek, Earl R.","contributorId":64222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verbeek","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012425,"text":"70012425 - 1979 - Disequilibrium in the 238uranium series in samples from Yeelirrie, Western Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-05T17:21:49.889322","indexId":"70012425","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Disequilibrium in the <sup>238</sup>uranium series in samples from Yeelirrie, Western Australia","title":"Disequilibrium in the 238uranium series in samples from Yeelirrie, Western Australia","docAbstract":"<div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Uranium-series disequilibrium studies carried out on samples from the Yeelirrie uranium deposit, Western Australia, indicate that uranium and radium have been migrating within the deposit during recent times, and are actually being removed from the deposit. Samples collected for<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>230</sup>Th/<sup>234</sup>U age dating were found to be substantially out of equilibrium, with<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>230</sup>Th/<sup>234</sup>U activity ratios ranging from 0.750 to 1.345. This can be explained by a dynamic hydrologic system in which there has been, and continues to be, uranium migration caused by leaching in this arid, oxidizing environment, and a fluctuating water table.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Recent, extensive<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>226</sup>Ra migration (<sup>226</sup>Ra/<sup>230</sup>Th activity ratios range from 0.53 to 1.30), and a very low emanation factor (<i>E</i>) of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup>Rn limit the quantitative application of radon exploration techniques in this environment.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(79)90063-3","usgsCitation":"Lively, R., Harmon, R., Levinson, A.A., and Bland, C., 1979, Disequilibrium in the 238uranium series in samples from Yeelirrie, Western Australia: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 12, no. C, p. 57-65, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(79)90063-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0212e4b0c8380cd4fe7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lively, R.S.","contributorId":70927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lively","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harmon, R.S.","contributorId":6585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Levinson, A. A.","contributorId":55283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levinson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bland, C.J.","contributorId":36423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bland","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012427,"text":"70012427 - 1979 - Aquifer coefficients determined from multiple well effects, Fernandina Beach, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-22T00:12:38.374","indexId":"70012427","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquifer coefficients determined from multiple well effects, Fernandina Beach, Florida","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>On September 30, 1977, a large industrial plant in Fernandina Beach, Florida, shut down six artesian wells that had been pumping continuously for several weeks from the Floridan aquifer. Two wells continued pumping until November 20, 1977, at which time the shutdown wells were restarted. A water-level recorder on an observation well recorded the changing water level following shutdown and startup. Pumping rates of the wells ranged from 400,000 to 590,000 cubic feet per day (11,000 to 16,000 cubic meters per day). Distances from the pumped wells to the observation well range from 660 to 7,920 feet (200-2,420 meters). Analysis of the water-level data was further complicated because the wells were neither turned off nor restarted simultaneously; during recovery one well was restarted and pumped for several hours; and at the beginning of startup, a well that had been pumping continuously during the shutdown was turned off. The Cooper-Jacob graphical method, based on the principle of superposition and using values of specific drawdown or specific recovery (s/Q) and weighted logarithmic mean of the distance squared divided by time , was applied to determine the aquifer coefficients for the upper water-bearing zone of the aquifer. A transmissivity of 30,000 feet squared per day (2,800 meters squared per day) and a storage coefficient of between 2.5 × 10<sup>-4</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and 4.0 × 10<sup>-4</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>were computed.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03351.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Bentley, C., 1979, Aquifer coefficients determined from multiple well effects, Fernandina Beach, Florida: Groundwater, v. 17, no. 6, p. 525-531, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03351.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"531","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed1ce4b0c8380cd4962a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bentley, C.B.","contributorId":28223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentley","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012431,"text":"70012431 - 1979 - Origin of dolomite in Miocene Monterey Shale and related formations in the Temblor Range, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T15:42:58.727386","indexId":"70012431","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of dolomite in Miocene Monterey Shale and related formations in the Temblor Range, California","docAbstract":"Dolomites in thick sections of Miocene Monterey Shale and related formations in the Temblor Range of California acquired their isotopic compositions as they formed at shallow depth in the original sediment rich in organic matter, and retained the composition against the vicissitudes of burial diagenesis. The oxygen isotopes of dolomites of successive beds record changes in temperature of bottom water while the carbon isotopes of the same samples indicate changes in the kind of microbial activity (sulfate reduction vs carbohydrate fermentation) that prevailed at shallow depths in the sediment. In an auxiliary study, two samples of dolomite from sediments of Cariaco Basin off Venezuela (DSDP site 147) were found to have ??5C13 of -14.1 and -9.8 per ml PDB, although they occur in a heavy-carbon zone containing bicarbonate as heavy as +8.4 per ml. These dolomites probably originated at shallow depth in the light-carbon zone of microbial sulfate reducers and were buried under later sediments down into the heavy-carbon zone of microbial fermenters of carbohydrates without losing their original light-carbon composition. ?? 1979.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(79)90126-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., and Murata, K.J., 1979, Origin of dolomite in Miocene Monterey Shale and related formations in the Temblor Range, California: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 43, no. 8, p. 1357-1365, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(79)90126-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1357","endPage":"1365","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222140,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70d0e4b0c8380cd7627a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murata, K. J.","contributorId":18759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murata","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012439,"text":"70012439 - 1979 - Solubility of some alkali and alkaline earth chlorides in water at moderate temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-07T16:47:47.170023","indexId":"70012439","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2209,"text":"Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility of some alkali and alkaline earth chlorides in water at moderate temperatures","docAbstract":"Solubilities for the binary systems, salt-H2O, of the chlorides of lithium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium from near 0??C to the saturated boiling point are reported. The experimental data and coefficients of an equation for a smoothed curve describing each system are listed in the tables. The data are improvements on those previously reported in the literature, having a precision on the average of ??0.09%.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/je60083a019","issn":"00219568","usgsCitation":"Clynne, M., and Potter, R., 1979, Solubility of some alkali and alkaline earth chlorides in water at moderate temperatures: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, v. 24, no. 4, p. 338-340, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60083a019.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"338","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222306,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9247e4b08c986b319de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potter, R.W. II","contributorId":16857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"R.W.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012447,"text":"70012447 - 1979 - Removal of contaminants from landfill leachates by filtration through glauconitic greensands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:06","indexId":"70012447","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Removal of contaminants from landfill leachates by filtration through glauconitic greensands","docAbstract":"Passing landfill leachate through glauconitic greensand filters reduces the heavy metal cation content, lessens the unpleasant odor, and diminishes the murkiness of the leachate. The capability of the greensand to trap metal cations is increased by prolonging the contact time between the leachate and the greensand. Flushing the charged greensand filter with water does not cause significant release of cations back into solution, suggesting that polluted greensand might be disposed of at landfill sites without endangering the quality of either ground or surface water. ?? 1979 Springer Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02380510","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Spoljaric, N., and Crawford, W., 1979, Removal of contaminants from landfill leachates by filtration through glauconitic greensands: Environmental Geology, v. 2, no. 6, p. 359-363, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02380510.","startPage":"359","endPage":"363","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205233,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380510"}],"volume":"2","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa729e4b0c8380cd8526a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spoljaric, N.","contributorId":12625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spoljaric","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, W.A.","contributorId":103009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012455,"text":"70012455 - 1979 - Major geochemical processes in the evolution of carbonate-Aquifer systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T07:13:19","indexId":"70012455","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major geochemical processes in the evolution of carbonate-Aquifer systems","docAbstract":"<p>As a result of recent advances by carbonate petrologists and geochemists, hydrologists are provided with new insights into the origin and explanation of many aquifer characteristics and hydrologic phenomena. Some major advances include the recognition that: (1) most carbonate sediments are of biological origin; (2) they have a strong bimodal size-distribution; and (3) they originate in warm shallow seas. Although near-surface ocean water is oversaturated with respect to calcite, aragonite, dolomite and magnesite, the magnesium-hydration barrier effectively prevents either the organic or inorganic formation of dolomite and magnesite. Therefore, calcareous plants and animals produce only calcite and aragonite in hard parts of their bodies. Most carbonate aquifers that are composed of sand-size material have a high initial porosity; the sand grains that formed these aquifers originated primarily as small shells, broken shell fragments of larger invertebrates, or as chemically precipitated oolites. Carbonate rocks that originated as fine-grained muds were initially composed primarily of aragonite needles precipitated by algae and have extremely low permeability that requires fracturing and dissolution to develop into aquifers. Upon first emergence, most sand beds and reefs are good aquifers; on the other hand, the clay-sized carbonate material initially has high porosity but low permeability, a poor aquifer property. Without early fracture development in response to influences of tectonic activity these calcilutites would not begin to develop into aquifers. As a result of selective dissolution, inversion of the metastable aragonite to calcite, and recrystallization, the porosity is collected into larger void spaces, which may not change the overall porosity, but greatly increases permeability. Another major process which redistributes porosity and permeability in carbonates is dolomitization, which occurs in a variety of environments. These environments include back-reefs, where reflux dolomites may form, highly alkaline, on-shore and continental lakes, and sabkha flats; these dolomites are typically associated with evaporite minerals. However, these processes cannot account for most of the regionally extensive dolomites in the geologic record. A major environment of regional dolomitization is in the mixing zone (zone of dispersion) where profound changes in mineralogy and redistribution of porosity and permeability occur from the time of early emergence and continuing through the time when the rocks are well-developed aquifers. The reactions and processes, in response to mixing waters of differing chemical composition, include dissolution and precipitation of carbonate minerals in addition to dolomitization. An important control on permeability distribution in a mature aquifer system is the solution of dolomite with concomitant precipitation of calcite in response to gypsum dissolution (dedolomitization). Predictive models developed by mass-transfer calculations demonstrate the controlling reactions in aquifer systems through the constraints of mass balance and chemical equilibrium. An understanding of the origin, chemistry, mineralogy and environments of deposition and accumulation of carbonate minerals together with a comprehension of diagenetic processes that convert the sediments to rocks and geochemical, tectonic and hydrologic phenomena that create voids are important to hydrologists. With this knowledge, hydrologists are better able to predict porosity and permeability distribution in order to manage efficiently a carbonate-aquifer system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5648(09)70022-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hanshaw, B., and Back, W., 1979, Major geochemical processes in the evolution of carbonate-Aquifer systems: Journal of Hydrology, v. 43, no. 1-4, p. 287-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5648(09)70022-X.","productDescription":"26 p. ","startPage":"287","endPage":"312","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c10e4b0c8380cd699a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanshaw, B.B.","contributorId":25928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012465,"text":"70012465 - 1979 - Preliminary isotopic studies of fluids from the Cerro Prieto geothermal field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T14:08:40","indexId":"70012465","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary isotopic studies of fluids from the Cerro Prieto geothermal field","docAbstract":"Preliminary isotopic studies of Cerro Prieto geothermal fluids and earlier studies of Mexicali Valley ground waters suggest local recharge of the geothermal system from the area immediately to the west. Oxygen isotope exchange of water with reservoir rock minerals at temperatures increasing with depth has produced fluids with oxygen-18 contents increasing with depth, and pressure drawdown in the southeastern part of the field has allowed lower oxygen-18 fluids to invade the production aquifer from above. The contents of tritium and carbon-14 in the fluid suggest only that the age of the fluid is between 50 and 10,000 years. The isotopic compositions of carbon and sulfur are consistent with a magmatic origin of these elements but a mixed sedimentary-organic origin appears more likely for carbon and is also possible for sulfur. Investigations of the isotopic compositions of geothermal and cold ground waters continue and are being expanded as fluids become available and as separation and analysis methods are improved. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(79)90044-0","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A., Rye, R.O., Pearson, F.J., Olson, E., Nehring, N., Whelan, J.F., Huebner, M., and Coplen, T., 1979, Preliminary isotopic studies of fluids from the Cerro Prieto geothermal field: Geothermics, v. 8, no. 3-4, p. 223-229, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(79)90044-0.","startPage":"223","endPage":"229","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268146,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(79)90044-0"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8865e4b0c8380cd7d8bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":363674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearson, F. J. Jr.","contributorId":7696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, E.R.","contributorId":103011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nehring, N.L.","contributorId":21157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nehring","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huebner, M.A.","contributorId":59950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70012478,"text":"70012478 - 1979 - Chemical composition of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T15:49:02.625004","indexId":"70012478","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical composition of Mars","docAbstract":"<p>The composition of Mars has been calculated from the cosmochemical model of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">Ganapathy</span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">Anders</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(1974) which assumes that planets and chondrites underwent the same 4 fractionation processes in the solar nebula. Because elements of similar volatility stay together in these processes, only 4 index elements (U, Fe, K and Tl or Ar<sup>36</sup>) are needed to calculate the abundances of all 83 elements in the planet. The values chosen are<span>&nbsp;</span><i>U</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 28<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ppb</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 62<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ppm</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(based on<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>K</mtext><mtext>U</mtext><mtext>= 2200</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">KU= 2200</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>from orbital γ-spectrometry and on thermal history calculations by Toksöz and Hsui (1978)<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Fe</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 26.72% (from geophysical data), and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Tl</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.14<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ppb</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(from the Ar<sup>36</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and Ar<sup>40</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>abundances measured by Viking).</p><p>The mantle of Mars is an iron-rich [<i>Mg</i>/(<i>Mg</i><span>&nbsp;</span>+<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Fe</i>) = 0.77] garnet wehrlite (<i>ρ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 3.52−3.54<span>&nbsp;</span><i>g</i>/<i>cm</i><sup>3</sup>), similar to McGetchin and Smyth's (1978) estimate but containing more Ca and Al. It is nearly identical to the bulk Moon composition of Morgan<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et al.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(1978b). The core makes up 0.19 of the planet and contains 3.5% S—much less than estimated by other models. Volatiles have nearly Moon-like abundances, being depleted relative to the Earth by factors of 0.36 (K-group,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub><i>cond</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 600–1300<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i>) or 0.029 (Tl group,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub><i>cond</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 600<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i>). The water abundance corresponds to a 9 m layer, but could be higher by as much as a factor of 11.</p><p>Comparison of model compositions for 5 differentiated planets (Earth, Venus, Mars, Moon, and eucrite parent body) suggests that volatile depletion correlates mainly with size rather than with radial distance from the Sun. However, the relatively high volatile content of shergottites and some chondrites shows that the correlation is not simple; other factors must also be involved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(79)90180-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Morgan, J.W., and Anders, E., 1979, Chemical composition of Mars: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 43, no. 10, p. 1601-1610, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(79)90180-7.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1601","endPage":"1610","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222019,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"43","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f562e4b0c8380cd4c1d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anders, E.","contributorId":64803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012483,"text":"70012483 - 1979 - Geochemical and hydrologic considerations and the use of enthalpy-chloride diagrams in the prediction of underground conditions in hot-spring systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70012483","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and hydrologic considerations and the use of enthalpy-chloride diagrams in the prediction of underground conditions in hot-spring systems","docAbstract":"Thermal water ascending in a hot-spring system may cool by conduction of heat to the surrounding rock, by boiling, by mixing with cooler water, or by a combination of these processes. Complete or partial chemical reequilibration may occur as a result of this cooling. In spite of these complexities, in many places chemical compositions of hot-spring waters may be used to estimate underground conditions. A plot of enthalpy versus chloride is particularly useful for determining underground temperatures, salinities, and boiling and mixing relations. The utility of this approach is illustrated using hot-spring composition data from Cerro Prieto, Mexico, Orakeikorako, New Zealand, and Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R., 1979, Geochemical and hydrologic considerations and the use of enthalpy-chloride diagrams in the prediction of underground conditions in hot-spring systems: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 5, no. 1-2, p. 1-16.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a15d4e4b0c8380cd54f63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, R.O.","contributorId":73584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012484,"text":"70012484 - 1979 - Modeling and optimizing a gas-water reservoir: Enhanced recovery with waterflooding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70012484","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling and optimizing a gas-water reservoir: Enhanced recovery with waterflooding","docAbstract":"Accepted practice dictates that waterflooding of gas reservoirs should commence, if ever, only when the reservoir pressure has declined to the minimum production pressure. Analytical proof of this hypothesis has yet to appear in the literature however. This paper considers a model for a gas-water reservoir with a variable production rate and enhanced recovery with waterflooding and, using an initial dynamic programming approach, confirms the above hypothesis. ?? 1979 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01043246","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M., Monash, E., and Waterman, M., 1979, Modeling and optimizing a gas-water reservoir: Enhanced recovery with waterflooding: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 11, no. 1, p. 63-74, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01043246.","startPage":"63","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205204,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01043246"},{"id":222143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bd9e4b0c8380cd6f84e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, M.E.","contributorId":27468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monash, E.A.","contributorId":9527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monash","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waterman, M.S.","contributorId":18629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waterman","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012488,"text":"70012488 - 1979 - Recent developments in uranium exploration using the U.S. Geological Survey's mobile helium detector","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-05T17:39:14.835472","indexId":"70012488","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent developments in uranium exploration using the U.S. Geological Survey's mobile helium detector","docAbstract":"A mobile mass spectrometer to measure He concentrations has been developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. This instrument has been tested in areas of known uranium deposits, and He anomalies have been found in both soil gas and water. A gas sample is collected in a hypodermic syringe, injected into the spectrometer, and analyzed for He. Over 100 analyses a day can be performed with a sensitivity of 10 parts per billion (ppb). One detailed study conducted in Weld County, Colorado, shows that values for He in soil gas can be contoured to outline an anomalous area and that the anomaly is displaced from the deposit in the direction of groundwater flow. Other studies include the Schwartzwalder uranium mine, Jefferson County, Colorado, where He anomalies may be related to geologic structure; near Ambrosia Lake, New Mexico, where the location of He anomalies are related to groundwater movement; and tests for diurnal effects showing only slight variations probably related to soil-moisture content. ?? 1979.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(79)90012-8","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Reimer, G., Denton, E., Friedman, I., and Otton, J.K., 1979, Recent developments in uranium exploration using the U.S. Geological Survey's mobile helium detector: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 11, no. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(79)90012-8.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a960be4b0c8380cd81d8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimer, G.M.","contributorId":59800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denton, E.H.","contributorId":75144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Otton, J. K.","contributorId":52589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012499,"text":"70012499 - 1979 - D/H ratios in speleothem fluid inclusions: A guide to variations in the isotopic composition of meteoric precipitation?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-15T00:32:21.598574","indexId":"70012499","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"D/H ratios in speleothem fluid inclusions: A guide to variations in the isotopic composition of meteoric precipitation?","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id7\"><p>D/H ratios of fluid inclusion waters extracted from<sup>230</sup>Th/<sup>234</sup>U-dated speleothems that were originally deposited under conditions of isotopic equilibrium should provide a direct estimate of the hydrogen isotopic composition of ancient meteoric waters. We present here D/H ratios for 47 fluid inclusion samples from thirteen speleothems deposited over the past 250,000 years at cave sites in Iowa, West Virginia, Kentucky and Missouri. At each site glacial-age waters are depleted in deuterium relative to those of interglacial age. The average interglacial/glacial shift in the hydrogen isotopic composition of meteoric precipitation over ice-free areas of east-central North America is estimated to be −12‰. This shift is consistent with the present climatic models and can be explained in terms of the prevailing pattern of atmospheric circulation and an increased ocean-continent temperature gradient during glacial times which more than compensated for the increase in deuterium content of the world ocean.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(79)90033-5","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Harmon, R., Schwarcz, H., and O’Neil, J.R., 1979, D/H ratios in speleothem fluid inclusions: A guide to variations in the isotopic composition of meteoric precipitation?: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 42, no. 2, p. 254-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(79)90033-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222310,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd2fe4b0c8380cd4e6b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harmon, R.S.","contributorId":6585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarcz, H.P.","contributorId":58783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarcz","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012500,"text":"70012500 - 1979 - Chemical and isotopic prediction of aquifer temperatures in the geothermal system at Long Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012500","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and isotopic prediction of aquifer temperatures in the geothermal system at Long Valley, California","docAbstract":"Temperatures of aquifers feeding thermal springs and wells in Long Valley, California, estimated using silica and Na-K-Ca geothermometers and warm spring mixing models, range from 160/dg to about 220??C. This information was used to construct a diagram showing enthalpy-chloride relations for the various thermal waters in the Long Valley region. The enthalpy-chloride information suggests that a 282 ?? 10??C aquifer with water containing about 375 mg chloride per kilogram of water is present somewhere deep in the system. That deep water would be related to ??? 220??C Casa Diablo water by mixing with cold water, and to Hot Creek water by first boiling with steam loss and then mixing with cold water. Oxygen and deuterium isotopic data are consistent with that interpretation. An aquifer at 282??C with 375 mg/kg chloride implies a convective heat flow in Long Valley of 6.6 ?? 107 cal/s. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R., Sorey, M., Mariner, R.H., and Truesdell, A., 1979, Chemical and isotopic prediction of aquifer temperatures in the geothermal system at Long Valley, California: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 5, no. 1-2, p. 17-34.","startPage":"17","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f547e4b0c8380cd4c150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, R.O.","contributorId":73584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":363760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012501,"text":"70012501 - 1979 - Origin of reverse-graded bedding in air-fall pumice, Coso Range, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T14:11:33","indexId":"70012501","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of reverse-graded bedding in air-fall pumice, Coso Range, California","docAbstract":"<p>The origin of reverse grading in air-fall pyroclastic deposits has been ascribed to: (1) changing conditions at an erupting vent; (2) deposition in water; or (3) rolling of large clasts over smaller clasts on the surface of a steep slope. Structural features in a deposit of air-fall pumice lapilli in the Coso Range, California, indicate that reverse grading there formed by a fourth mechanism during flow of pumice. Reverse-graded beds in this deposit occur where pumice lapilli fell on slopes at or near the angle of repose and formed as parts of the blanket of accumulating pumice became unstable and flowed downslope. The process of size sorting during such flow is probably analogous to that which sorts sand grains in a reverse fashion during avalanching on the slip faces of sand dunes, attributed by Bagnold (1954a) to a grain-dispersive pressure acting on particles subjected to a shear stress. In view of the several ways in which air-fall pyroclastic debris may become reverse graded, caution is advised in interpretation of the origin of this structure both in modern and in ancient deposits.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(79)90031-3","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W.A., Bacon, C., and Roquemore, G., 1979, Origin of reverse-graded bedding in air-fall pumice, Coso Range, California: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 5, no. 1-2, p. 35-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(79)90031-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coso Range","volume":"5","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70f1e4b0c8380cd7635c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, W. A.","contributorId":71935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roquemore, G.R.","contributorId":33453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roquemore","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012505,"text":"70012505 - 1979 - Low temperature basalt alteration by sea water: an experimental study at 70°C and 150°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-15T09:29:02","indexId":"70012505","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low temperature basalt alteration by sea water: an experimental study at 70°C and 150°C","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">Basaltic glass and diabase were reacted with seawater at 70&deg;C at 1 bar and 150&deg;C at 500 bars to determine fluid composition and alteration mineralogy. All experiments were performed at a water/ rock mass ratio of 10.</p>\n<p id=\"\">The changes in seawater chemistry depended on temperature and crystallinity of the basalt. The experiment at 70&deg;C produced a slight but continuous loss of Mg, Na and K and enrichment of Ca and SiO<sub>2</sub>in the seawater while pH decreased slowly. At 150&deg;C, in contrast, Mg and SO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp;were quickly and quantitatively removed while Ca, SiO<sub>2</sub>, Na, K, Fe, Mn and Ba were added to the seawater. pH rose to values between 5.5 and 6.5 after an initial drop to lower values. Basalt glass reacted more extensively at 150&deg;C than diabase.</p>\n<p id=\"\">Smectite was the major alteration product (iron-rich saponite) at 150&deg;C for both the glass and diabase experiments. Smectite from the diabase experiment was well crystallized while that from the glass experiment was poorly crystallized. The smectites are similar to smectites found in altered oceanic ophiolitic basalts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(79)90006-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Seyfried, W., and Bischoff, J.L., 1979, Low temperature basalt alteration by sea water: an experimental study at 70°C and 150°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 43, no. 12, p. 1937-1947, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(79)90006-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1937","endPage":"1947","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a10e4b0c8380cd68ace","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seyfried, W.E. Jr.","contributorId":15347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seyfried","given":"W.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012516,"text":"70012516 - 1979 - Geologic implications and potential hazards of scour depressions on bering shelf, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:03","indexId":"70012516","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic implications and potential hazards of scour depressions on bering shelf, Alaska","docAbstract":"Flat-bottomed depression 50-150 m in diameter and 60-80 cm deep occur in the floor of Norton Sound, Bering Sea. These large erosional bedforms and associated current ripples are found in areas where sediment grain size is 0.063-0.044 mm (4-4.5 ??), speeds of bottom currents are greatest (20-30 cm/s mean speeds under nonstorm conditions, 70 cm/s during typical storms), circulation of water is constricted by major topographic shoals (kilometers in scale), and small-scale topographic disruptions, such as ice gouges, occur locally on slopes of shoals. These local obstructions on shoals appear to disrupt currents, causing separation of flow and generating eddies that produce large-scale scour. Offshore artificial structures also may disrupt bottom currents in these same areas and have the potential to generate turbulence and induce extensive scour in the area of disrupted flow. The size and character of natural scour depressions in areas of ice gouging suggest that large-scale regions of scour may develop from enlargement of local scour sites around pilings, platforms, or pipelines. Consequently, loss of substrate support for pipelines and gravity structures is possible during frequent autumn storms. ?? 1979 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02423277","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., Nelson, H., and Thor, D., 1979, Geologic implications and potential hazards of scour depressions on bering shelf, Alaska: Environmental Geology, v. 3, no. 1, p. 39-47, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02423277.","startPage":"39","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205268,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02423277"},{"id":222598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a197fe4b0c8380cd559f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, M. C.","contributorId":66287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, H.","contributorId":16568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thor, D.R.","contributorId":79521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thor","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012517,"text":"70012517 - 1979 - Determination of the optimum-size californium-252 neutron source for borehole capture gamma-ray analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T19:56:19","indexId":"70012517","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2906,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of the optimum-size californium-252 neutron source for borehole capture gamma-ray analysis","docAbstract":"The fast- and thermal-neutron fluence rates from a 3.7 ??g 252Cf neutron source in a simulated borehole have been measured as a function of the source-to-detector distance using air, water, coal, iron ore-concrete mix, and dry sand as borehole media. Gamma-ray intensity measurements were made for specific spectral lines at low and high energies for the same range of source-to-detector distances in the iron ore-concrete mix and in coal. Integral gamma-ray counts across the entire spectrum were also made at each source-to-detector distance. From these data, the specific neutron-damage rate, and the critical count-rate criteria, we show that in an iron ore-concrete mix (low hydrogen concentration), 252Cf neutron sources of 2-40 ??g are suitable. The source size required for optimum gamma-ray sensitivity depends on the energy of the gamma ray being measured. In a hydrogeneous medium such as coal, similar measurements were made. The results show that sources from 2 to 20 ??g are suitable to obtain the highest gamma-ray sensitivity, again depending on the energy of the gamma ray being measured. In a hydrogeneous medium, significant improvement in sensitivity can be achieved by using faster electronics; in iron ore, it cannot. ?? 1979 North-Holland Publishing Co.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0029-554X(79)92890-8","issn":"0029554X","usgsCitation":"Senftle, F.E., Macy, R., and Mikesell, J., 1979, Determination of the optimum-size californium-252 neutron source for borehole capture gamma-ray analysis: Nuclear Instruments and Methods, v. 158, no. C, p. 293-302, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-554X(79)92890-8.","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268857,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0029-554X(79)92890-8"}],"volume":"158","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffd8e4b0c8380cd4f410","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macy, R.J.","contributorId":81253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mikesell, J.L.","contributorId":46113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikesell","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}