Terrestrial radar interferometry (TRI) provides accurate observations of displacements in the line-of-sight (LOS) direction and is therefore used in various monitoring applications. However, relating these displacements directly to the 3d world is challenging due to the particular imaging process. To address this, the radar results are projected onto a 3d model of the monitored area, requiring georeferencing of the 3d model and radar observation. However, georeferencing relies on manual alignment and resource-intensive on-site measurements. Challenges arise from the significant disparity in spatial resolution between radar images and 3d models, the absence of identifiable common natural features and the relationship between image and spatial coordinates depending on the topography and instrument pose. Herein, we propose a method for data-driven, automatic and precise georeferencing of TRI images without the need for manual interaction or in situ installations. Our approach (i) uses the radar amplitudes from the TRI images and the angle of incidence based on the 3d point cloud to identify matching features in the datasets, (ii) estimates the best-fitting transformation parameters using Kernel Density Correlation (KDC) and (iii) requires only rough initial approximations of the radar instrument’s pose. Additionally, we present the correct relation between cross-range and azimuth for ground-based radar instruments. We demonstrate the application on a geomonitoring case using TRI data and a point cloud of a large rock cliff. The results show that the positions of the radar image can be localized in the monitored 3d space with a precision of a few metres at distances of over
Prions cause fatal neurodegenerative diseases and exhibit remarkable durability, which engenders a wide array of potential exposure scenarios. In chronic wasting disease of deer, elk, moose, and reindeer and in scrapie of sheep and goats, prions are transmitted via environmental routes and the ability of plants to accumulate and subsequently transmit prions has been hypothesized, but not previously demonstrated. Here, we establish the ability of several crop and other plant species to take up prions via their roots and translocate them to above-ground tissues from various growth media including soils. We demonstrate that plants can accumulate prions in above-ground tissues to levels sufficient to transmit disease after oral ingestion by mice. Our results suggest plants may serve as vectors for prion transmission in the environment—a finding with implications for wildlife conservation, agriculture, and public health.
Process-based land surface models are important tools for estimating global wetland methane (CH4) emissions and projecting their behavior across space and time. So far there are no performance assessments of model responses to drivers at multiple time scales. In this study, we apply wavelet analysis to identify the dominant time scales contributing to model uncertainty in the frequency domain. We evaluate seven wetland models at 23 eddy covariance tower sites. Our study first characterizes site-level patterns of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes (FCH4) at different time scales. A Monte Carlo approach was developed to incorporate flux observation error to avoid misidentification of the time scales that dominate model error. Our results suggest that (a) significant model-observation disagreements are mainly at multi-day time scales (<15 days); (b) most of the models can capture the CH4 variability at monthly and seasonal time scales (>32 days) for the boreal and Arctic tundra wetland sites but have significant bias in variability at seasonal time scales for temperate and tropical/subtropical sites; (c) model errors exhibit increasing power spectrum as time scale increases, indicating that biases at time scales <5 days could contribute to persistent systematic biases on longer time scales; and (d) differences in error pattern are related to model structure (e.g., proxy of CH4 production). Our evaluation suggests the need to accurately replicate FCH4 variability, especially at short time scales, in future wetland CH4 model developments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2022JG007259","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Z., Bansal, S., Chang, K., Fluet-Chouinard, E., Delwiche, K.B., Goeckede, M., Gustafson, A., Knox, S., Leppanen, A., Liu, L., Liu, J., Malhotra, A., Markkanen, T., McNicol, G., Melton, J.R., Miller, P.A., Peng, C., Raivonen, M., Riley, W., Sonnentag, O., Aalto, T., Vargas, R., Zhang, W., Zhu, Q., Zhu, Q., Zhuang, Q., Windham-Myers, L., Jackson, R.B., and Poulter, B., 2023, Characterizing performance of freshwater wetland methane models across time scales at FLUXNET-CH4 sites using wavelet analyses: JGR Biogeosciences, v. 128, no. 11, e2022JG007259, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JG007259.","productDescription":"e2022JG007259, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154074","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jg007259","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":423095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Zhen 0000-0003-0899-1139","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0899-1139","contributorId":149173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Zhen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bansal, Sheel 0000-0003-1233-1707 sbansal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-1707","contributorId":167295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bansal","given":"Sheel","email":"sbansal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, Kuang-Yu 0000-0002-7859-5871","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7859-5871","contributorId":260439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"Kuang-Yu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38900,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne","contributorId":217392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fluet-Chouinard","given":"Etienne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Delwiche, Kyle B.","contributorId":139866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delwiche","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13299,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goeckede, Mathias 0000-0003-2833-8401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2833-8401","contributorId":217409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goeckede","given":"Mathias","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39621,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gustafson, Adrian","contributorId":329953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gustafson","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78747,"text":"8Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Knox, Sara","contributorId":272638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knox","given":"Sara","affiliations":[{"id":36972,"text":"University of British Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Leppanen, Antii","contributorId":329954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leppanen","given":"Antii","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78748,"text":"10Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate System Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Liu, Licheng","contributorId":297866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Licheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Malhotra, Avni 0000-0002-7850-6402","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7850-6402","contributorId":197909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malhotra","given":"Avni","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35065,"text":"Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Markkanen, Tiina","contributorId":329955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markkanen","given":"Tiina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78748,"text":"10Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate System Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"McNicol, Gavin 0000-0002-6655-8045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6655-8045","contributorId":260536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNicol","given":"Gavin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Melton, Joe R.","contributorId":329956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melton","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":78751,"text":"15Environment and Climate Change Canada, Climate Research Division, Victoria, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Miller, Paul A","contributorId":329957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":78747,"text":"8Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Peng, Changhui","contributorId":197932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peng","given":"Changhui","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6613,"text":"Center of CEF/ESCER, Department of Biological Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6612,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Raivonen, Maarit","contributorId":329958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raivonen","given":"Maarit","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78748,"text":"10Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate System Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Riley, William","contributorId":222533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riley","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Sonnentag, Oliver 0000-0001-9333-9721","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-9721","contributorId":225735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sonnentag","given":"Oliver","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41192,"text":"Université de Montreal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Aalto, Tuula","contributorId":329959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aalto","given":"Tuula","affiliations":[{"id":78748,"text":"10Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate System Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Vargas, Rodrigo 0000-0001-6829-5333","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6829-5333","contributorId":224770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vargas","given":"Rodrigo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39556,"text":"U. Delaware","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Zhang, Wenxin","contributorId":167815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Wenxin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Zhu, Qing","contributorId":260547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhu","given":"Qing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":883693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Zhu, Qiuan","contributorId":197933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhu","given":"Qiuan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6613,"text":"Center of CEF/ESCER, Department of Biological Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6612,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Zhuang, Qianlai","contributorId":207137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Qianlai","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Jackson, Robert B. 0000-0001-8846-7147","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-7147","contributorId":34252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Poulter, Benjamin","contributorId":298276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poulter","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29}]}} ,{"id":70250005,"text":"70250005 - 2023 - Kinematic evolution of a large paraglacial landslide in the Barry Arm fjord of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-12T13:40:42.228675","indexId":"70250005","displayToPublicDate":"2023-11-09T07:36:48","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5739,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","onlineIssn":"2169-9011","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinematic evolution of a large paraglacial landslide in the Barry Arm fjord of Alaska","docAbstract":"Our warming climate is adversely affecting cryospheric landscapes via glacial retreat, permafrost degradation, and associated slope destabilization. In Prince William Sound, Alaska, the rapid retreat of Barry Glacier has destabilized the slopes flanking the glacier, resulting in numerous landslides. The largest of these landslides (∼500 Mm3 in volume) is more than 2 km wide and has the potential to generate a tsunami that could affect nearby recreationists, marine traffic, infrastructure, natural and cultural resources, and the community of Whittier, located 60 km from the landslide. Here, we combine landslide structural and kinematic element mapping with data acquired from bi-yearly airborne lidar, multi-week satellite-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR), sub-hourly ground-based SAR, and seismic monitoring from 2020 to 2022 to characterize this landslide and examine its evolution. While some methods serve as a snapshot in time that is a culmination of events, others emphasize the ever-evolving nature of the landslide and associated hazards. Four major kinematic elements define the overall structure of the landslide, which vary in deformation type and rate, from creep (5 mm per day over several months) to episodic movement (2 m in 30 days) and landslide-wide to localized events. In some areas of the landslide, short-term deformation deviates from structures formed by cumulative movement, implying structural and kinematic evolution associated with glacier retreat. These insights are important for assessing landslide hazards and hazard evolution for large, slow-moving bedrock landslides in actively deglaciating environments.
Adaptive plasticity in thermal tolerance traits may buffer organisms against changing temperatures, making such responses of particular interest in the face of global climate change. Although population variation is integral to the evolvability of this trait, many studies inferring proxies of physiological vulnerability from thermal tolerance traits extrapolate data from one or a few populations to represent the species. Estimates of physiological vulnerability can be further complicated by methodological effects associated with experimental design. We evaluated how populations varied in their acclimation capacity (i.e., the magnitude of plasticity) for critical thermal maximum (CTmax) in two species of tailed frogs (Ascaphidae), cold-stream specialists. We used the estimates of acclimation capacity to infer physiological vulnerability to future warming. We performed CTmax experiments on tadpoles from 14 populations using a fully factorial experimental design of two holding temperatures (8 and 15°C) and two experimental starting temperatures (8 and 15°C). This design allowed us to investigate the acute effects of transferring organisms from one holding temperature to a different experimental starting temperature, as well as fully acclimated responses by using the same holding and starting temperature. We found that most populations exhibited beneficial acclimation, where CTmax was higher in tadpoles held at a warmer temperature, but populations varied markedly in the magnitude of the response and the inferred physiological vulnerability to future warming. We also found that the response of transferring organisms to different starting temperatures varied substantially among populations, although accounting for acute effects did not greatly alter estimates of physiological vulnerability at the species level or for most populations. These results underscore the importance of sampling widely among populations when inferring physiological vulnerability, as population variation in acclimation capacity and thermal sensitivity may be critical when assessing vulnerability to future warming.
Coral reefs are iconic ecosystems that support diverse, productive communities in both shallow and deep waters. However, our incomplete knowledge of cold-water coral (CWC) niche space limits our understanding of their distribution and precludes a complete accounting of the ecosystem services they provide. Here, we present the results of recent surveys of the CWC mound province on the Blake Plateau off the U.S. east coast, an area of intense human activity including fisheries and naval operations, and potentially energy and mineral extraction. At one site, CWC mounds are arranged in lines that total over 150 km in length, making this one of the largest reef complexes discovered in the deep ocean. This site experiences rapid and extreme shifts in temperature between 4.3 and 10.7 °C, and currents approaching 1 m s−1. Carbon is transported to depth by mesopelagic micronekton and nutrient cycling on the reef results in some of the highest nitrate concentrations recorded in the region. Predictive models reveal expanded areas of highly suitable habitat that currently remain unexplored. Multidisciplinary exploration of this new site has expanded understanding of the cold-water coral niche, improved our accounting of the ecosystem services of the reef habitat, and emphasizes the importance of properly managing these systems.
Multi-species assemblages can help identify key resources in their habitat by evaluating how they are partitioning their resources. Here we used the isotopic niche of loggerhead, Kemp’s ridley, and green sea turtles to assess their ecological niche within a Gulf of Mexico bay. Additionally, we assessed temporal and size-class variation in their diets by comparing the δ13C and δ15N values over various capture years and size classes. Based on the isotopic niche overlap results, interspecific competition occurs among loggerhead, Kemp’s ridley, and smaller green turtles. Green turtle and Kemp’s ridley diet varied by size class, while Kemp’s ridley diet also varied temporally. The three species partition resources by selecting different preferred diet items, although some overlap in diet, including between the herbivorous (green) and carnivorous (Kemp’s ridley, loggerhead) species, appears to occur. The high quality of this habitat may allow species co-existence and population recovery despite the possible use of shared resources.
Debris flows regularly traverse bedrock channels that dissect steep landscapes, but our understanding of bedrock erosion by debris flows and their impact on steepland morphology is still rudimentary. Quantitative models of steep bedrock channel networks are based on geomorphic transport laws designed to represent erosion by water-dominated flows. To quantify the impact of debris flow erosion on steep channel network form, it is first necessary to develop methods to estimate spatial variations in bulk debris flow properties (e.g., flow depth, velocity) throughout the channel network that can be integrated into landscape evolution models. Here, we propose and evaluate two methods to estimate spatial variations in bulk debris flow properties along the length of a channel profile. We incorporate both methods into a model designed to simulate the evolution of longitudinal channel profiles that evolve in response to debris flow and fluvial processes. To explore this model framework, we propose a general family of debris flow erosion laws where erosion rate is a function of debris flow depth and channel slope. Model results indicate that erosion by debris flows can explain the occurrence of a scaling break in the slope–area curve at low-drainage areas and that upper-network channel morphology may be useful for inferring catchment-averaged erosion rates in quasi-steady landscapes. Validating specific forms of a debris flow incision law, however, would require more detailed model–data comparisons in specific landscapes where input parameters and channel morphometry can be better constrained. Results improve our ability to interpret topographic signals within steep channel networks and identify observational targets critical for constraining a debris flow incision law.
Coral reefs are iconic ecosystems that support diverse, productive communities in both shallow and deep waters. However, our incomplete knowledge of cold-water coral (CWC) niche space limits our understanding of their distribution and precludes a complete accounting of the ecosystem services they provide. Here, we present the results of recent surveys of the CWC mound province on the Blake Plateau off the U.S. east coast, an area of intense human activity including fisheries and naval operations, and potentially energy and mineral extraction. At one site, CWC mounds are arranged in lines that total over 150 km in length, making this one of the largest reef complexes discovered in the deep ocean. This site experiences rapid and extreme shifts in temperature between 4.3 and 10.7 °C, and currents approaching 1 m s−1. Carbon is transported to depth by mesopelagic micronekton and nutrient cycling on the reef results in some of the highest nitrate concentrations recorded in the region. Predictive models reveal expanded areas of highly suitable habitat that currently remain unexplored. Multidisciplinary exploration of this new site has expanded understanding of the cold-water coral niche, improved our accounting of the ecosystem services of the reef habitat, and emphasizes the importance of properly managing these systems.
A disadvantage of colorimetric detection in nucleic acid amplification assays is the possibility that a colorblind individual may interpret colors differently than observers with full-color vision. Using an isothermal amplification assay, the ability of colorblind individuals to distinguish between positive and negative results for four dyes was tested. Five individuals with self-reported colorblindness and four with full-color vision reported their observations of the color of the solution. Although colorblind individuals may accurately interpret assay results, they were often not accurate in reporting the color. Hydroxynaphthol blue was the most problematic dye, and both phenol red and SYBR™ green were less troublesome. Consideration for colorblind individuals is warranted when developing an assay and training staff in its performance.
Eutrophication is one of the largest threats to aquatic ecosystems and chlorophyll a measurements are relevant indicators of trophic state and algal abundance. Many studies have modeled chlorophyll a in rivers but model development and testing has largely occurred at individual sites which hampers creating generalized models capable of making broad-scale predictions. To address this gap, we compiled a large data set of chlorophyll a concentrations matched to other water quality, meteorological, and reach characteristic data for a diverse set of 82 streams and rivers across the United States. We used this data set and extreme gradient boosting, a tree-based machine learning algorithm, to predict daily chlorophyll a concentrations. Furthermore, we tested several practical considerations of broad-scale models, such as making predictions at sites not included in model training or the utility of in situ water quality data versus universally available remotely estimated model inputs. Predictions were very strongly correlated to observations when compared against a randomly withheld subset of days; however, the model had lower accuracy when applied to completely novel sites withheld from model training. Turbidity and total nitrogen were the two most important variables for predicting chlorophyll a. Although in situ variables improved modeled estimates and were identified as more important during model interpretation, using only remote inputs still resulted in highly correlated predictions with small bias. Testing a model across many sites allowed for identification of common variables relevant to chlorophyll a and highlighted several challenges for applying data-driven models to new sites or at larger spatial scales.
Migratory waterfowl are an important resource for consumptive and non-consumptive users alike and provide tremendous economic value in North America. These birds rely on a complex matrix of public and private land for forage and roosting during migration and wintering periods, and substantial conservation effort focuses on increasing the amount and quality of target habitat. Yet, the value of habitat is a function not only of a site's resources but also of its geographic position and weather. To quantify this value, we used a continental-scale energetics-based model of daily dabbling duck movement to assess the marginal value of lands across the contiguous United States during the non-breeding period (September to May). We examined effects of eliminating each habitat node (32 × 32 km) in both a particularly cold and a particularly warm winter, asking which nodes had the largest effect on survival. The marginal value of habitat nodes for migrating dabbling ducks was a function of forage and roosting habitat but, more importantly, of geography (especially latitude and region). Irrespective of weather, nodes in the Southeast, central East Coast, and California made the largest positive contributions to survival. Conversely, nodes in the Midwest, Northeast, Florida, and the Pacific Northwest had consistent negative effects. Effects (positive and negative) of more northerly nodes occurred in late fall or early spring when climate was often severe and was most variable. Importance and effects of many nodes varied considerably between a cold and a warm winter. Much of the Midwest and central Great Plains benefited duck survival in a warm winter, and projected future warming may improve the value of lands in these regions, including many National Wildlife Refuges, for migrating dabbling ducks. Our results highlight the geographic variability in habitat value, as well as shifts that may occur in these values due to climate change.
Diffusion chronometry is now a widely applied methodology for determining the rates and timescales of geologic processes from the chemical zoning observed in minerals. Despite the popularity of the method, several challenges still remain during its application, including: (1) the random sectioning of minerals either in thin sections or grain mounts in which both off-center and oblique sections contribute substantial uncertainty to modeled timescales and (2) diffusion anisotropy needs to be accounted for in models, which generally requires determining the principal crystallographic axes of the mineral using electron backscatter diffraction, a technique that is both challenging and limiting because few scanning electron microscopes have an electron backscatter detector. This guide developed by the U.S. Geological Survey focuses on a step-by-step methodology for mounting individually oriented minerals that are sectioned through their cores prior to polishing for analytical work. Using this technique, one can significantly reduce the uncertainties associated with off-center sections and minimize or completely remove the need for determining crystallographic orientation via electron backscatter diffraction analyses. This report is presented as a guide for using the technique on olivine crystals but can be applied to any minerals that can be extracted for analysis. Two variations of the methodology are included here: (1) The individual crystal method that entails mounting individually sectioned single crystals and crystal groups and (2) the whole mount method in which multiple single crystals or crystal clusters are mounted and sectioned at the same time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm5D5","programNote":"Volcano Hazards Program","usgsCitation":"Lynn, K.J., and DeSmither, L.G., 2023, Creating oriented and precisely sectioned mineral mounts for in situ chemical analyses—An example using olivine for diffusion chronometry studies: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chap. D5, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5D5.","productDescription":"ix, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-142373","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422457,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/d5/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":422458,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/d5/tm5d5.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":422459,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/d5/tm5d5.xml"},{"id":422460,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/d5/images"},{"id":422461,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm5D5/full"}],"contact":"Director,
Volcano Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court
Vancouver, WA 38683
Human development has major implications for wildlife populations. Urban-exploiter species can benefit from human subsidized resources, whereas urban-avoider species can vanish from wildlife communities in highly developed areas. Therefore, understanding how the density of different species varies in response to landcover changes associated with human development can provide important insight into how wildlife communities are likely to change and provide a starting point for predicting the consequences of those changes. Here, we estimated the population density of five common mesocarnivore species (coyote (Canis latrans), bobcat (Lynx rufus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), raccoon (Procyon lotor), and Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana)) at 12 study sites along an urban to rural gradient in the greater Fayetteville Area, Northwest Arkansas, USA between November 2021, and March 2022. At each study site, we applied the Random Encounter Model (REM) to data from camera traps to calculate the density of five focal species. Coyote density ranged from 0.5 to 0.93 individuals/km2. Raccoon density ranged from 0.19 to 20.25 individuals/km2. Bobcat density ranged from 0 to 1.06 individuals/km2. Opossum density ranged from 0 to 3.43 individuals/km2. Red fox density ranged from 0 to 0.10 individuals/km2. Coyote and raccoon density showed a positive relationship with anthropogenic noise. Opossum density increased with HUD. Red Fox and bobcat density showed a negative relationship with forest area and a positive relationship with distance to water respectively, however confidence intervals for both species overlapped zero. The density estimates we report based on camera trap data of unmarked animals were consistent with reports from the literature for these same species derived from traditional methods, providing additional support to the REM as a viable, non-invasive method to calculate density of unmarked species. Our second analysis consisted of taking camera level density estimates and treating them as detection rates corrected for camera viewshed and animal movement. Coyote and raccoon detection rate showed a positive relationship with anthropogenic noise. Red Fox detection rate was positively related to developed open space, and negatively related to distance to water. Similarly to red fox, opossums detection rate was higher in areas with more developed open space. We found no evidence that bobcat density or detection rate varied with any of the landcover or anthropogenic variables we measured.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02716","usgsCitation":"McTigue, L., and DeGregorio, B.A., 2023, Effects of landcover on mesocarnivore density and detection rate along an urban to rural gradient: Global Ecology and Conservation, v. 48, e02716, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02716.","productDescription":"e02716, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-149643","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02716","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","city":"Fayetteville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.703264661285,\n 36.581012567484365\n ],\n [\n -94.703264661285,\n 35.69179592709919\n ],\n [\n -93.38479477781208,\n 35.69179592709919\n ],\n [\n -93.38479477781208,\n 36.581012567484365\n ],\n [\n -94.703264661285,\n 36.581012567484365\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McTigue, Leah","contributorId":310420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McTigue","given":"Leah","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeGregorio, Brett Alexander 0000-0002-5273-049X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-049X","contributorId":243214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGregorio","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70250113,"text":"70250113 - 2023 - Shifted sediment-transport regimes by climate change and amplified hydrological variability in cryosphere-fed rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T15:15:03.789762","indexId":"70250113","displayToPublicDate":"2023-11-08T09:10:21","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5010,"text":"Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shifted sediment-transport regimes by climate change and amplified hydrological variability in cryosphere-fed rivers","docAbstract":"Climate change affects cryosphere-fed rivers and alters seasonal sediment dynamics, affecting cyclical fluvial material supply and year-round water-food-energy provisions to downstream communities. Here, we demonstrate seasonal sediment-transport regime shifts from the 1960s to 2000s in four cryosphere-fed rivers characterized by glacial, nival, pluvial, and mixed regimes, respectively. Spring sees a shift toward pluvial-dominated sediment transport due to less snowmelt and more erosive rainfall. Summer is characterized by intensified glacier meltwater pulses and pluvial events that exceptionally increase sediment fluxes. Our study highlights that the increases in hydroclimatic extremes and cryosphere degradation lead to amplified variability in fluvial fluxes and higher summer sediment peaks, which can threaten downstream river infrastructure safety and ecosystems and worsen glacial/pluvial floods. We further offer a monthly-scale sediment-availability-transport model that can reproduce such regime shifts and thus help facilitate sustainable reservoir operation and river management in wider cryospheric regions under future climate and hydrological change.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adi5019","usgsCitation":"Zhang, T., Li, D., East, A.E., Kettner, A.J., Best, J., Ni, J., and Lu, X., 2023, Shifted sediment-transport regimes by climate change and amplified hydrological variability in cryosphere-fed rivers: Science Advances, v. 9, no. 45, eadi5019, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi5019.","productDescription":"eadi5019, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-147639","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi5019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Tinghu","contributorId":210005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Tinghu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Dongfeng","contributorId":297068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Dongfeng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64287,"text":"National University of Singapore","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"East, Amy E. 0000-0002-9567-9460 aeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-9460","contributorId":196364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kettner, Albert J.","contributorId":331669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kettner","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36627,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Best, James L.","contributorId":331670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Best","given":"James L.","affiliations":[{"id":35161,"text":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ni, Jinren","contributorId":331671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ni","given":"Jinren","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79261,"text":"Peking University, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lu, Xixi","contributorId":298889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Xixi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64287,"text":"National University of Singapore","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70250105,"text":"70250105 - 2023 - Alternative lifestyles: A plague persistence hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T14:52:30.594993","indexId":"70250105","displayToPublicDate":"2023-11-08T08:49:34","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternative lifestyles: A plague persistence hypothesis","docAbstract":"Several explanations have been posited for how the plague bacterium (Yersinia pestis) reemerges during sylvatic cycles within the same foci over many years, and often without direct evidence of host die-offs. One prevalent view is that transmission-optimized Y. pestis bacteria, exhibiting epizootic/enzootic behavior, almost continually replicate and survive through repeated, linked, host-centered propagation events. These bacteria, we will refer to as “r-pestis” type ecotype(s), represent a limited number of phenotypic lineages exhibiting optimal transmissibility and high rates of reproduction. These attributes, it is thought, assure their durability through time. For continuous r-pestis type expansions to be successful, adequate numbers of fleas and hosts must become infected to produce massive numbers of bacteria. In the process, host and flea numbers decline as they succumb to plague. Here we hypothesize that r-pestis population expansions seed the environment and confront a unique, highly competitive local milieu, where natural selection favors new ecotypes that incorporate a range of emergent adaptive survival strategies. These newly adapted survivors we recognize as a range of “K-pestis” ecotypes with greater durability and lower reproduction rates. These emergent K-pestis forms may arise in succession or coexist for varying periods of time with r-pestis ecotypes, and with other K-pestis ecotypes. Among K-pestis ecotypes, we hypothesize that through adaptive radiations, some persist within flea life stages, soil, organic waste, amoebae, plants, carcasses, hosts, or within niches yet to be characterized. In some settings, after a long quiet period, when favorable, K-pestis bacteria may trigger a singular event where an r-pestis transmission stream emerges precipitating another enzootic/epizootic progression. If this hypothesis withstands rigorous testing, then Y. pestis might represent an even more formidable, enduring, and adaptable foe, where unforeseen local events could trigger new epidemic and epizootic/enzootic events threatening humans and populations of other mammals, including those of conservation concern.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4673","usgsCitation":"Wimsatt, J., Eads, D.A., Matchett, M.R., and Biggins, D.E., 2023, Alternative lifestyles: A plague persistence hypothesis: Ecosphere, v. 14, e4673, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4673.","productDescription":"e4673, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135732","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4673","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wimsatt, Jeffrey","contributorId":173421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wimsatt","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eads, David A. 0000-0002-4247-017X deads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-017X","contributorId":173639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"deads@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":888369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matchett, Marc R.","contributorId":193409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matchett","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70250689,"text":"70250689 - 2023 - Response of lake metabolism to catchment inputs inferred using high-frequency lake and stream data from across the northern hemisphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T12:49:16.223157","indexId":"70250689","displayToPublicDate":"2023-11-08T06:46:31","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7120,"text":"Limnology & Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of lake metabolism to catchment inputs inferred using high-frequency lake and stream data from across the northern hemisphere","docAbstract":"In lakes, the rates of gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R), and net ecosystem production (NEP) are often controlled by resource availability. Herein, we explore how catchment vs. within lake predictors of metabolism compare using data from 16 lakes spanning 39°N to 64°N, a range of inflowing streams, and trophic status. For each lake, we combined stream loads of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) with lake DOC, TN, and TP concentrations and high frequency in situ monitoring of dissolved oxygen. We found that stream load stoichiometry indicated lake stoichiometry for C : N and C : P (r2 = 0.74 and r2 = 0.84, respectively), but not for N : P (r2 = 0.04). As we found a strong positive correlation between TN and TP, we only used TP in our statistical models. For the catchment model, GPP and R were best predicted by DOC load, TP load, and load N : P (R2 = 0.85 and R2 = 0.82, respectively). For the lake model, GPP and R were best predicted by TP concentrations (R2 = 0.86 and R2 = 0.67, respectively). The inclusion of N : P in the catchment model, but not the lake model, suggests that both N and P regulate metabolism and that organisms may be responding more strongly to catchment inputs than lake resources. Our models predicted NEP poorly, though it is unclear why. Overall, our work stresses the importance of characterizing lake catchment loads to predict metabolic rates, a result that may be particularly important in catchments experiencing changing hydrologic regimes related to global environmental change.
Prevention of non-native species introductions and establishment is essential to avoid adverse impacts of invasive species in marine environments. To identify potential new invasive species and inform non-native species management options for the northern Gulf of Mexico (Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas), 138 marine species were risk screened for current and future climate conditions using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit. Species were risk-ranked as low, medium, high, and very high risk based on separate (calibrated) thresholds for fishes, tunicates, and invertebrates. In the basic screening, 15 fishes, two tunicates, and 26 invertebrates were classified as high or very high risk under current climate conditions. Whereas, under future climate conditions, 16 fishes, three tunicates, and 33 invertebrates were classified as high or very high risk. Very high risk species included: California scorpionfish Scorpaena guttata, red scorpionfish Scorpaena scrofa, purple whelk Rapana venosa, and Santo Domingo false mussel Mytilopsis sallei under both current and future climates, with weedy scorpionfish Rhinopias frondosa, Papuan scorpionfish Scorpaenopsis papuensis, daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus, yellowfin scorpionfish Scorpaenopsis neglecta, tassled scorpionfish Scorpaenopsis oxycephalus, brush-clawed shore crab Hemigrapsus takanoi, honeycomb oyster Hyotissa hyotis, carinate rock shell Indothais lacera, and Asian green mussel Perna viridis under climate change conditions only. This study provides evidence to inform trans-boundary management plans across the five Gulf of Mexico states to prevent, detect, and respond rapidly to new species arrivals.
Over 4,400 large-scale solar photovoltaic (LSPV) facilities operate in the United States as of December 2021, representing more than 60 gigawatts of electric energy capacity. Of these, over 3,900 are ground-mounted LSPV facilities with capacities of 1 MWdc or more. Ground mounted LSPV installations continue increasing, with more than 400 projects appearing online in 2021 alone; however, a comprehensive, publicly available georectified dataset including spatial footprints of these facilities is lacking. Analysts from U.S.
Over 4,400 large-scale solar photovoltaic (LSPV) facilities operate in the United States as of December 2021, representing more than 60 gigawatts of electric energy capacity. Of these, over 3,900 are ground-mounted LSPV facilities with capacities of 1 megawatt direct current (MWdc) or more. Ground-mounted LSPV installations continue increasing, with more than 400 projects appearing online in 2021 alone; however, a comprehensive, publicly available georectified dataset including spatial footprints of these facilities is lacking. The United States Large-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Database (USPVDB) was developed to fill this gap. Using US Energy Information Administration (EIA) data, locations of 3,699 LSPV facilities were verified using high-resolution aerial imagery, polygons were digitized around panel arrays, and attributes were appended. Quality assurance and control were achieved via team peer review and comparison to other US PV datasets. Data are publicly available via an interactive web application and multiple downloadable formats, including: comma-separated value (CSV), application programming interface (API), and GIS shapefile and GeoJSON.
Survey and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory collaborated to develop the United States Large-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Database (USPVDB). Using Energy Information Administration (EIA) data, locations of LSPV facilities were verified using high-resolution aerial imagery, polygons were digitized around panel arrays, and attributes were appended. Quality assurance and control were achieved via team peer review and comparison to other US PV datasets. Data are publicly available in an interactive web application, and a number of downloadable formats, including: comma-separated value spreadsheet (CSV), application programming interface (API), and GIS shapefile.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41597-023-02644-8","usgsCitation":"Fujita, K.S., Ancona, Z.H., Kramer, L., Straka, M., Gautreau, T.E., Robson, D., Garrity, C.P., Hoen, B., and Diffendorfer, J., 2023, Georectified polygon database of ground-mounted large-scale solar photovoltaic sites in the United States: Scientific Data, v. 10, 760, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02644-8.","productDescription":"760, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152694","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441671,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02644-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IA3TUS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"United States 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The station was established as part of a long-term monitoring program of Neotropical migratory bird populations on NOLF and helps Naval Base Coronado (NOLF is a component) meet the goals and objectives of the Department of Defense Partners in Flight program and the Birds and Migratory Birds Management Strategies of the Naval Base Coronado Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan. The station was established in 2009 and has been in operation during the spring and summer since 2009 except for 2016 when it was not funded. The station was operated by AMEC Earth and Environmental, Inc., from 2009 to 2011, by the U.S. Geological Survey from 2012 to 2015, the San Diego Natural History Museum in 2017, and the U.S. Geological Survey again from 2018 to 2023. This report synthesizes results from 2014 to 2020. A prior report presents summaries and analyses from 2009 to 2013.
The banding station at NOLF was operated according to the standard MAPS protocol with some exceptions. Ten mist nets used to capture birds were erected in fixed locations that remained consistent between and within years, with few minor relocations. Nets were open for 6 hours per day, once every 10 days (a netting period) for 13 netting periods starting April 1 each year. Occasionally, poor weather conditions (for example, rain, wind, or excessive heat) prevented net operation or forced nets to be closed early (or, rarely, late). Nets were checked periodically throughout the day and birds were removed, processed (leg bands affixed, measurements recorded), and released.
From 2014 to 2020, we had 3,543 captures (including initial captures and recaptures) of a maximum of 3,264 year-unique captures (543±143 year-unique captures [the total number of individual birds captured for the first time each year]). The count of year-unique captures included 2,702 newly banded birds, 258 individuals that were recaptured from previous years, and 304 birds that were released unbanded (218 hummingbirds and 86 other birds that were intentionally released unbanded [game birds, and so forth] or escaped before banding). Individuals of 68 species were captured, 39 of which breed at or in the immediate vicinity of the MAPS banding station. Bird capture rate averaged 43±30 captures per day (corrected to account for variation in effort) for all years (range 7–163 effort-corrected captures per day) and species richness per year averaged 43±4. Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) was the most abundant species captured, followed by Orange-crowned Warbler (Leiothlypis celata), Wilson’s Warbler (Cardellina pusilla), House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus), Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia), and Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas). The mean adult sex ratio of all species combined across all years was 54:46 male:female. Adults averaged 73±12 percent of known age captures per year (range 59–94 percent), and juveniles averaged 27±12 percent (range 6–41 percent).
Nineteen sensitive species were detected at NOLF (12 captured and 7 observed only). During 2014–20, we captured one State and federally endangered species, Least Bell’s Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus); one federally threatened species, California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica); one State endangered species, Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii); and two State species of concern, Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens) and Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia). One additional State species of concern, Northern Harrier (Circus hudsonius), was observed at the MAPS banding station but not captured. Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) and White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus), California State fully protected species, also were observed at the MAPS banding station. Seven federal bird species of conservation concern—Calliope Hummingbird (Selasphorus calliope), Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus), Allen’s Hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin), Nuttall’s Woodpecker (Dryobates nuttallii), Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata), California Thrasher (Toxostoma redivivum), and Lawrence’s Goldfinch (Spinus lawrencei)—also were captured, and four additional federal bird species of conservation concern—Willet (Tringa semipalmata), Western Gull (Larus occidentalis), California Gull (Larus californicus), and Bullock’s Oriole (Icterus bullockii)—were observed but not captured.
Local population trends varied among species and years. From 2012 to 2019, year-round residents Bushtit, Song Sparrow, and Common Yellowthroat significantly decreased, whereas the migrant Least Bell’s Vireo increased. The total number of captures for all species except Least Bell’s Vireo was lowest in 2017, corresponding to the habitat damage caused by Kuroshio shot hole borer beetle (Euwallacea kuroshio) in the Tijuana River Valley.
Annual productivity and annual adult survival were calculated for seven breeding species based on criteria used by the Institute for Bird Populations (Least Bell’s Vireo, Bushtit, Wrentit, House Wren [Troglodytes aedon], Song Sparrow, Orange-crowned Warbler, and Common Yellowthroat). Productivity was highest for most species in 2010 and 2019, years with high precipitation, and lowest in 2014 and 2018, years with low precipitation. Song Sparrow demonstrated the highest productivity among species and Least Bell’s Vireo had the lowest productivity. Annual adult survival was generally high from 2011 to 2012 and from 2018 to 2019. Bushtit had higher annual survival with lower late winter precipitation. Either temperature or precipitation was associated with productivity for all species except Wrentit, and with survival for all species except Least Bell’s Vireo and Common Yellowthroat. For most species, productivity was positively associated with precipitation, and both productivity and survival were negatively associated with temperature. Other studies have found that higher temperatures led to increased predation by snakes and birds and also increased vector-borne disease transmission, such as West Nile virus. Predicted regional increases in temperature over the next 30 years will likely affect the demographics of these species.
The Song Sparrow population increased with higher breeding productivity during the previous year, and the Bushtit population increased with higher annual survival and higher productivity during the previous year. Aside from a possible positive association between survivorship and Common Yellowthroat population growth, productivity and survival rates did not appear to influence population change for other focal species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231055","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Lynn, S., Mendia, S., and Kus, B.E., 2023, Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) 6-year summary, Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego County, California, 2014–20: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1055, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231055.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-150872","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422046,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1055/images"},{"id":422047,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231055/full"},{"id":422044,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1055/ofr20231055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":422043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1055/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":422045,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1055/ofr20231055.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.13399491171916,\n 32.5777941285686\n ],\n [\n -117.13399491171916,\n 32.54958248003706\n ],\n [\n -117.08507141928763,\n 32.54958248003706\n ],\n [\n -117.08507141928763,\n 32.5777941285686\n ],\n [\n -117.13399491171916,\n 32.5777941285686\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
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The Rainy-Lake of the Woods Basin covers 70,000 square kilometers in mid-central North America and is contained within the Provinces of Ontario and Manitoba in Canada and the State of Minnesota in the United States. This basin contains natural wilderness areas, national parks, and thousands of lakes that bring outdoor enthusiasts from around the world for hunting, fishing, backpacking, boating, and other forms of recreation. However, trade, commerce, visitors, and wildlife can inadvertently transport hitchhiking exotic invasive species that affect the functioning of natural systems by displacing native organisms, introducing diseases, and modifying predator/prey relations. In cooperation with the International Joint Commission, the U.S. Geological Survey evaluated the aquatic invasive species that pose a possible threat to North America. The outcome of this project is a set of lists of invasive species that have traits amenable or proximity to the Rainy-Lake of the Woods Basin. These lists can be referenced to further evaluate known and potential nonindigenous invasive species. The lists were derived by evaluating more than 1,500 species from several online sources including Non-Indigenous Aquatic Species, Great Lakes Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Information System, Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation, and other State, Provincial, and Federal lists in the United States and Canada. The purpose of these lists is to be a coarse filter to determine which species pose the greatest risk to the Rainy-Lake of the Woods Basin. Using this filter, seven categories of risk assessment priorities were developed: Very High-Approaching, Very High-Present, High-Approaching, High-Present, Moderate, Low, and Native. These categories can be used by the International Rainy-Lake of the Woods Multi-Agency Arrangement Aquatic Invasive Species Subcommittee to prioritize which species will be evaluated further focusing on five risk factors: arrival risk, vulnerability assessment, ecological impact, socioeconomic impact, and beneficial impact. Based on proximity, ease of transport or introduction, and known impact to Rainy-Lake of the Woods or other impacted ecosystems, this project identified the following 10 species that could be prioritized first for risk evaluations: Bythotrephes longimanus (spiny waterflea), Faxonius rusticus (rusty crayfish), Neogobius melanostomus (round goby), Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel), Bithynia tentaculata (mud Bithynia or faucet snail), Potamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand mud snail), Butomus umbellatus (flowering rush), Nitellopsis obtusa (starry stonewort), Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil), and Phragmites australis australis (common reed).
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U.S. Geological Survey
1 Gifford Pinchot Drive
Madison, WI 53726