North America's protected lands harbor biodiversity and provide habitats where species threatened by a variety of stressors in other environments can thrive. Yet disease, climate change, and other threats are not limited by land management boundaries and can interact with conditions within protected landscapes to affect sensitive populations. We examined the population dynamics of a boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) metapopulation at a wildlife refuge in northwestern Montana, USA, over a 16‐year period (2003–2018). We used robust design capture‐recapture models to estimate male population size, recruitment, and apparent survival over time and in relation to the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). We estimated female population size in years with sufficient captures. Finally, we examined trends in male and female toad body size and condition. We found no evidence of an effect of disease or time on male toad survival but detected a strong negative trend in recruitment of new males to the population. Estimates of male and female abundance decreased over time. Body size of males and females was inversely related to estimated population size, consistent with reduced recruitment to replace adults, but body condition of adult males was only weakly associated with abundance. Together, these results describe the demography of a near‐extirpation event, and point to dramatic decreases in the recruitment of new individuals to the breeding population as the cause of this decline. We surmise that processes related to the restoration of historical hydrology within the refuge adversely affected amphibian breeding habitat, and that these changes interacted with disease, life history, and other factors to restrict the recruitment of new individuals to the breeding population over time. Our results point to challenges in understanding and predicting factors that influence population change and highlight that current metrics for assessing population status can have limited predictive ability. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
On sea turtle nesting beaches, artificial lighting associated with human development interferes with hatchling orientation from nest to sea. Although hatchling disorientation has been documented for many beaches, data that managers can use in understanding, predicting, and managing the issue are of limited detail. The present study provides baseline hatchling orientation data that can be compared to those from beaches with artificial lighting to prioritize light-management efforts there. In 2014, the precision of hatchling orientation was quantified for 87 nests on a naturally lighted beach that had little to no artificial lighting. Precision of hatchling orientation was regressed against seven environmental variables: beach slope, distance from nest to dune, dune height, apparent dune silhouette height relative to nest site, moon illumination percentage, cloud cover percentage, and relative humidity. Results favored a regression model that included distance from nest to dune, with shorter distances from the dune predicting a narrower angular range (i.e., greater precision) of hatchling orientation. The study confirmed findings of an earlier laboratory experiment that highlighted the importance to accurate hatchling orientation of a dark silhouette (dune) on the side of the nest site opposite the ocean side. Reducing artificial light and promoting the planting of pioneer plants that assist dune formation can increase hatchling survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2021.151568","usgsCitation":"Hirama, S., Witherington, B., Kneifl, K., Sylvai, A., Wideroff, M., and Carthy, R., 2021, Environmental factors predicting the orientation of sea turtle hatchlings on a naturally lighted beach: A baseline for light-management goals: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 541, 151568, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2021.151568.","productDescription":"151568, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128875","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2021.151568","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Brevard County","otherGeospatial":"Canaveral National Seashore, Playalinda","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.71956,\n 28.77088\n ],\n [\n -80.62646,\n 28.77088\n ],\n [\n -80.62646,\n 28.64748\n ],\n [\n -80.71956,\n 28.64748\n ],\n [\n -80.71956,\n 28.77088\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"541","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirama, S.","contributorId":288634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hirama","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witherington, B.","contributorId":288637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Witherington","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":61821,"text":"Inwater Research Group, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kneifl, K.","contributorId":288638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kneifl","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61824,"text":"Canaveral National Seashore","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sylvai, A.","contributorId":288639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sylvai","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wideroff, M.","contributorId":288640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wideroff","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carthy, Raymond 0000-0001-8978-5083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-5083","contributorId":219303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carthy","given":"Raymond","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70228309,"text":"70228309 - 2021 - Long-term monitoring reveals convergent patterns of recovery from mining contamination across 4 western US watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-08T13:12:51.589005","indexId":"70228309","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-04T07:09:22","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term monitoring reveals convergent patterns of recovery from mining contamination across 4 western US watersheds","docAbstract":"Long-term studies of stream ecosystems are essential for assessing restoration success because they allow researchers to quantify recovery trajectories, gauge the relative influence of episodic events, and determine the time required to achieve clean-up objectives. To quantify responses of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages to stream remediation, we integrated results of 4 long-term (20–29 y) assessments of mining-impacted watersheds that were broadly distributed across the western US (California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana). Using a before–after control–impact (BACI) study design, we observed substantial reductions in metal concentrations and corresponding improvements of benthic assemblages following remediation. Recovery rates were relatively consistent, and streams typically recovered within 10 to 15 y after remediation was initiated (mean = 10.25 y), although episodic events changed trajectories at some sites. Differences in recovery among watersheds were likely determined by a number of factors, including the severity of contamination, effectiveness of remediation, proximity to upstream sources of colonization, and hydrologic variation. We also observed considerable variation in the rate and extent of recovery among assemblage metrics. For example, total abundance and richness recovered rapidly at most sites, but the composition of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages remained substantially altered compared with reference sites. Using piecewise linear regression, we estimated a threshold response of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) species richness at ~1 cumulative criteria unit (CCU), which is the sum of the fractions of chronic water-quality criteria for metals measured, suggesting this value was protective of benthic assemblages. However, EPT richness was reduced by ~20% at 2× this CCU value, indicating that moderate exceedances of water-quality criteria could substantially affect stream biodiversity. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses identified common sets of species trait states across the 4 watersheds that were associated with either metal contamination or with recovering and intact reference stream assemblages. Our study illustrates the importance of long-term studies for quantifying responses to stream restoration and the usefulness of BACI designs for demonstrating cause-and-effect relationships between restoration treatments and community recovery. Because these 4 watersheds were among the most severely polluted sites in the western US, our study demonstrates the value of these investments in watershed restoration and the potential for success under the most extreme conditions.
Understanding trophic interactions is critical for successful resource management. However, studying diet patterns (e.g., spatial and seasonal changes) can require extensive effort. Using individual analyses to interpret patterns may be further complicated by assumptions and limitations of the analytical approach. We investigated and compared predicted adult lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) diet composition and patterns using stomach content analysis (SCA), fatty acid analysis (FAS), and stable isotope analysis (SIA) individually and simultaneously. The three analyses were conducted for fall-captured fish in Lake Ontario and provided different diet composition estimates; SCA suggested alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) was dominant by frequency and mass, while FAA and SIA suggested rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) contributed the most based on similarity among fatty acid signatures and two-stable isotope (carbon and nitrogen) mixing models, respectively. We hypothesize the disagreement among diet estimates is a result of a seasonal shift in diet variably expressed due to differing extent of time reflected by the diet metric: hours to days for SCA, weeks to months for FAA and several months for SIA. Despite variability in diet composition estimates among methods, similar patterns in lake trout diet were observed among the three diet analyses; the contribution of alewife in lake trout diet was greater for larger individuals and for males compared to females, particularly in the east and northeast regions of the lake where alewife density was relatively low. Thus, the complementary results from the three analyses suggest that length, location, sex, and season all influence lake trout diet. Individually, analyses often failed to identify these patterns in lake trout diet with significance, and some of the patterns have not been observed in previous studies of lake trout diet in Lake Ontario. The thorough description of lake trout diet obtained from a single sampling season demonstrates how simultaneous use of multiple diet analyses may allow investigation of spatial and seasonal diet composition and with reduced sampling effort.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107728","usgsCitation":"Futia, M.H., Colborne, S.F., Fisk, A., Gorsky, D., Johnson, T.B., Lantry, B.F., Lantry, J., and Rinchard, J., 2021, Comparisons among three diet analyses demonstrate multiple patterns in the estimated adult diet of a freshwater piscivore, Salvelinus namaycush: Ecological Indicators, v. 127, 107728, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107728.","productDescription":"107728, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120076","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107728","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":412729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.67051642015157,\n 43.10662975810362\n ],\n [\n -75.13575754812497,\n 43.10662975810362\n ],\n [\n -75.13575754812497,\n 44.79831104261547\n ],\n [\n -80.67051642015157,\n 44.79831104261547\n ],\n [\n -80.67051642015157,\n 43.10662975810362\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Futia, Matthew H.","contributorId":208498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Futia","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37810,"text":"Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, The College at Brockport – State University of New York, 350 New Campus Drive, Brockport, New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colborne, Scott F.","contributorId":174737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colborne","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisk, Aaron T.","contributorId":51604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisk","given":"Aaron T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gorsky, Dimitry","contributorId":251650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorsky","given":"Dimitry","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Timothy B.","contributorId":49753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lantry, Brian F. 0000-0001-8797-3910 bflantry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-3910","contributorId":3435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"Brian","email":"bflantry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lantry, Jana","contributorId":141102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lantry","given":"Jana","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rinchard, Jacques","contributorId":58161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinchard","given":"Jacques","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70260183,"text":"70260183 - 2021 - Volatile metal emissions from volcanic degassing and lava–seawater interactions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T11:45:17.096914","indexId":"70260183","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-04T06:43:17","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17089,"text":"Communications Earth and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatile metal emissions from volcanic degassing and lava–seawater interactions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i","docAbstract":"Volcanoes represent one of the largest natural sources of metals to the Earth’s surface. Emissions of these metals can have important impacts on the biosphere as pollutants or nutrients. Here we use ground- and drone-based direct measurements to compare the gas and particulate chemistry of the magmatic and lava–seawater interaction (laze) plumes from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawai’i. We find that the magmatic plume contains abundant volatile metals and metalloids whereas the laze plume is further enriched in copper and seawater components, like chlorine, with volatile metals also elevated above seawater concentrations. Speciation modelling of magmatic gas mixtures highlights the importance of the S2− ligand in highly volatile metal/metalloid degassing at the magmatic vent. In contrast, volatile metal enrichments in the laze plume can be explained by affinity for chloride complexation during late-stage degassing of distal lavas, which is potentially facilitated by the HCl gas formed as seawater boils.
Approximately 13 km south of Gulf Shores, Alabama (United States), divers found in situ baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) stumps 18 m below the ocean surface. These trees could have only lived when sea level fell during the Pleistocene subaerially exposing the tectonically stable continental shelf. Here we investigate the geophysical properties along with microfossil and stratigraphical analyses of sediment cores to understand the factors that lead to this wood’s preservation. The stumps are exposed in an elongated depression (~100 m long, ~1 m deep) nested in a trough of the northwest–southeast trending Holocene sand ridges and troughs with 2–5 m vertical relief and ~0.5 km wavelength. Radiocarbon ages of the wood were infinite thus optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was used to constrain the site’s age. Below the Holocene sands (~0.1–4 m thick), separated by a regional erosional unconformity, are Late Pleistocene mud-peat (72±8 ka OSL), mud-sand (63±5, 73±6 ka OSL), and palaeosol (56±5 ka OSL) facies that grade laterally from west to east, respectively. Foraminiferal analysis reveals the location of the terrestrial-marine transitional layer above the Pleistocene facies in an interbedded sand and mud facies (3940±30 (1σ) 14C a BP), which is part of a lower shoreface or marine-dominated estuarine environment. The occurrence of palaeosol and swamp facies of broadly similar ages and elevation suggests the glacial landscape possessed topographic relief that allowed wood, mud and peats to be preserved for ~50 ka of subaerial exposure before transitioning to the modern marine environment. We hypothesize that rapid sea-level rise occurring ~60 or ~40 ka ago provided opportunities for local flood-plain aggradation to bury the swamp thus preserving the stumps and that other sites may exist in the northern Gulf of Mexico shelf.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/bor.12524","usgsCitation":"DeLong, K., Gonzalez, S., Obelcz, J., Truong, J.T., Bentley, S.J., Xu, K., Reese, C.A., Harley, G.L., Caporaso, A., Shen, Z., and Middleton, B., 2021, Late Pleistocene baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) forest deposit on the continental shelf of the northern Gulf of Mexico: Boreas, v. 50, no. 3, p. 871-892, https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12524.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"871","endPage":"892","ipdsId":"IP-109473","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/geo_pubs/1946","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Northern Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.38427734374999,\n 27.0982539061379\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 27.0982539061379\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 31.034108344903512\n ],\n [\n -91.38427734374999,\n 31.034108344903512\n ],\n [\n -91.38427734374999,\n 27.0982539061379\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLong, Kristine L.","contributorId":263459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeLong","given":"Kristine L.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Suyapa","contributorId":263462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Suyapa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obelcz, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":263465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obelcz","given":"Jeffrey B.","affiliations":[{"id":53993,"text":"U.S. Naval Research Lab, Stennis Space Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Truong, Jonathan T.","contributorId":263466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truong","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bentley, Samuel J. Sr.","contributorId":263467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bentley","given":"Samuel","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Xu, Kehui","contributorId":223696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Kehui","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reese, Carl A.","contributorId":263468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reese","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38697,"text":"University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harley, Grant L.","contributorId":204186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harley","given":"Grant","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Caporaso, Alicia","contributorId":263469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caporaso","given":"Alicia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20318,"text":"Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shen, Zhixiong","contributorId":263470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shen","given":"Zhixiong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24750,"text":"Coastal Carolina University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Middleton, Beth 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":206922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70221398,"text":"70221398 - 2021 - Refining the coarse filter approach: Using habitat-based species models to identify rarity and vulnerabilities in the protection of U.S. biodiversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-15T10:28:49.88002","indexId":"70221398","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-03T07:59:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3871,"text":"Global Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refining the coarse filter approach: Using habitat-based species models to identify rarity and vulnerabilities in the protection of U.S. biodiversity","docAbstract":"Preserving biodiversity and its many components is a priority of conservation science and how to efficiently allocate resources to preserve healthy populations of as many species, habitats, and ecosystems as possible. We used the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gap Analysis Project (GAP) species models released in 2018, which identify predicted habitats for terrestrial vertebrates in the conterminous United States, to illustrate hotspots of biodiversity for the major taxonomic groups. This collection represents the first complete compilation of terrestrial vertebrate species models for the conterminous United States (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2018a). We used the species models but not the available subspecies models; this resulted in the inclusion of 282 amphibian models, 621 bird models, 365 mammal models, and 322 reptiles in our analysis. We also used population trend information and made spatial queries to characterize species in three dimensions: geographic range (small or large), habitat breadth (narrow or wide), and population trend (decreasing vs stable or increasing). This characterization allowed us to divide the species into eight groups (A-H) with similar characteristics. Group A species (large geographic range, wide habitat breadth, and stable or increasing population trend) are species that are common now with no indication of becoming rare. Species B-H have theoretical or known characteristics that could lead them to become rare with the H species exhibiting small geographic range, narrow habitat breadth, and decreasing population trend. Finally, we evaluated the prevalence of mapped habitat on protected lands for each species, exploring the patterns of representation in the rare species groups by ecoregion. The species we identified with population and habitat use characteristics that potentially predispose them to being or becoming rare represented a large percentage of each taxon. Potentially rare species were widely distributed among ecoregions. Of the 20 ecoregions in the country, 14 have a greater number of rare species than the national average for at least one taxon. Protection of the habitat for the majority of these rare species is below that recommended (17% of available habitat) by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The Everglades ecoregion was the only ecoregion that protected more than half of its rare or potentially rare species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01598","usgsCitation":"Davidson, A., Dunn, L., Gergely, K., McKerrow, A., Williams, S.G., and Case, M., 2021, Refining the coarse filter approach: Using habitat-based species models to identify rarity and vulnerabilities in the protection of U.S. biodiversity: Global Ecology and Conservation, v. 28, e01598, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01598.","productDescription":"e01598, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-101927","costCenters":[{"id":38128,"text":"Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01598","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.61718749999999,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -63.984375,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -63.984375,\n 51.83577752045248\n ],\n [\n -127.61718749999999,\n 51.83577752045248\n ],\n [\n -127.61718749999999,\n 25.16517336866393\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davidson, Anne","contributorId":197967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davidson","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunn, Leah","contributorId":217944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Leah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gergely, Kevin 0000-0002-4379-2189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4379-2189","contributorId":208371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gergely","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKerrow, Alexa 0000-0002-8312-2905 amckerrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8312-2905","contributorId":127753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKerrow","given":"Alexa","email":"amckerrow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, Steven G. 0000-0003-3760-6818","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3760-6818","contributorId":215501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":39268,"text":"North Carolina State University, NC Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Case, Mackenzie 0000-0002-5657-9133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5657-9133","contributorId":260200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Case","given":"Mackenzie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70223682,"text":"70223682 - 2021 - Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios from California sites: Open-source database and data interpretation to establish site parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T12:51:44.044038","indexId":"70223682","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-03T07:46:33","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios from California sites: Open-source database and data interpretation to establish site parameters","docAbstract":"Frequency-dependent horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) of Fourier amplitudes from three-component recordings can provide information on one or more site resonant frequencies and relative levels of amplification at those frequencies. Such information is potentially useful for predicting site amplification but is not present in site databases that have been developed over the last 15–20 years for the Next-Generation Attenuation (NGA) projects, which instead use the time-averaged shear-wave velocity (VS) in the upper 30 m of the site (VS30) as the primary site parameter and are supplemented with basin depth terms where available. As a consequence, HVSR parameters are also not used in NGA ground motion models.
In order for HVSR-based parameters to be used in future versions of site databases, a publicly accessible repository of this information is needed. We adapt a relational database developed to archive and disseminate VS data to also include HVSR. The database provides relevant microtremor-based HVSR data (mHVSR) and supporting metadata. We consider the most relevant data to be the frequency-dependent mHVSR, where the horizontal is taken as the median component and also as a function of horizontal azimuth (referred to as polar plots). Relevant metadata includes site location information, details about the equipment used to make the measurements, and processing details related to windowing, anti-trigger routines, and filtering. We describe the database schema developed to organize and present this information.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"GIRS 2021-06","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"California Geological Survey","doi":"10.34948/N3KW20","usgsCitation":"Wang, P., Zimmaro, P., Gospe, T., Ahdi, S.K., Yong, A., and Stewart, J.P., 2021, Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios from California sites: Open-source database and data interpretation to establish site parameters, xi, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.34948/N3KW20.","productDescription":"xi, 64 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128357","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Pengfei","contributorId":217351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Pengfei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmaro, Paolo","contributorId":219068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmaro","given":"Paolo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gospe, Tatiana","contributorId":265142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gospe","given":"Tatiana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ahdi, Sean Kamran 0000-0003-0274-5180","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0274-5180","contributorId":265143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahdi","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"Kamran","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yong, Alan 0000-0003-1807-5847","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-5847","contributorId":204730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stewart, Jonathan P.","contributorId":100110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70220341,"text":"70220341 - 2021 - Anthropogenic edge effects in habitat selection by sun bears in a protected area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T12:35:39.45181","indexId":"70220341","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-03T07:27:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3766,"text":"Wildlife Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic edge effects in habitat selection by sun bears in a protected area","docAbstract":"Wildlife populations in southeast Asia are increasingly experiencing a broad array of anthropogenic threats, and mammalian carnivores are particularly vulnerable. Populations of the Malayan sun bear Helarctos malayanus are estimated to have declined by 30% over the last 30 years from forest conversion to industrial plantations and mortality associated with human–bear conflicts and illegal wildlife trade. However, the effects of industrial plantations on habitat selection and activity patterns of mammals that live at the protected area-plantation interface, including sun bears, are not well known. We investigated habitat selection and activity patterns of sun bears in Tabin Wildlife Reserve in Sabah, Malaysia. We deployed 83 remote camera sites to record sun bear detections during two sampling periods (2012–2013 and 2017). We used generalized linear models to examine relationships between sun bear presence and site covariates representing physical, environmental and anthropogenic elements of the landscape. Relative probability of sun bear presence was positively associated with distance to roads and elevation. Because most roads were on the reserve boundary and often associated with oil palm plantations, proximity to roads likely served as a surrogate measure of human accessibility and activity in peripheral areas of the reserve. Supporting that interpretation, sun bears close to the reserve boundary were primarily active at night, whereas daytime activity was more common for bears in the interior. Our findings indicate that sun bears alter behaviour and habitat selection likely in response to anthropogenic activities at the edges of Tabin Wildlife Reserve (112 200 ha). Because the ratio of edge to interior increases steeply with declining habitat area, smaller protected areas bordered by plantations are predicted to have greater impacts on sun bear behaviour and, potentially, population persistence. Effective conservation actions may benefit from management to improve the security of edge habitats for sun bears and other vulnerable species.
The solubility of CO2 in hydrous basaltic andesite was examined in fO2-controlled experiments at a temperature of 1125 °C and pressures between 310–1200 MPa. Concentrations of dissolved H2O and CO2 in experimental glasses were determined by ion microprobe calibrated on a subset of run glasses analyzed by high-temperature vacuum manometry. Assuming that the solubility of H2O in mafic melt is relatively well known, estimates of \uD835\uDC4BH2Ofluid and \uD835\uDC43H2Ofluid in the saturating fluid were modeled, and by difference, values for \uD835\uDC4BCO2fluid and \uD835\uDC43CO2fluid were obtained (XCO2 ~0.5–0.9); fCO2 could be then calculated from the fluid composition, temperature, and pressure.
Dissolved H2O over a range of 2.3–5.5 wt% had no unequivocal influence on the dissolution of CO2 at the pressures and fluid compositions examined. For these H2O concentrations, dissolved CO2 increases with fCO2 following an empirical power-law relation: dissolved CO2 (ppmw) = 14.9−3.5+4.5[fCO2 (MPa)]0.7±0.03. The highest-pressure results plot farthest from this equation but are within its 1 standard-error uncertainty envelope.
We compare our experimental data with three recent CO2-H2O solubility models: Papale et al. (2006); Iacono-Marziano et al. (2012); and Ghiorso and Gualda (2015). The Papale et al. (2006) and Iacono-Marizano et al. (2012) models give similar results, both over-predicting the solubility of CO2 in a melt of the Pavlof basaltic andesite composition across the fCO2 range, whereas the Ghiorso and Gualda (2015) model under-predicts CO2 solubility. All three solubility models would indicate a strong enhancement of CO2 solubility with increasing dissolved H2O not apparent in our results. We also examine our results in the context of previous high-pressure CO2 solubility experiments on basaltic melts. Dissolved CO2 correlates positively with mole fraction (Na+K+Ca)/Al across a compositional spectrum of trachybasalt-alkali basalt-tholeiite-icelandite-basaltic andesite. Shortcomings of current solubility models for a widespread arc magma type indicate that our understanding of degassing in the deep crust and uppermost mantle remains semi-quantitative. Experimental studies systematically varying concentrations of melt components (Mg, Ca, Na, K, Al, Si) may be necessary to identify solubility reactions, quantify their equilibrium constants, and thereby build an accurate and generally applicable solubility model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am-2021-7531","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M., Sisson, T.W., Hankins, W., Shimizu, N., and Vennemann, T.W., 2021, Constraints on deep, CO2-rich degassing at arc volcanoes from solubility experiments on hydrous basaltic andesite of Pavlof Volcano, Alaska Peninsula, at 300 to 1200 MPa: American Mineralogist, v. 106, no. 5, p. 762-773, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7531.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"762","endPage":"773","ipdsId":"IP-114111","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Pavlov Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.06884587926007,\n 55.51723314455435\n ],\n [\n -162.06884587926007,\n 55.30017649761001\n ],\n [\n -161.7326394583513,\n 55.30017649761001\n ],\n [\n -161.7326394583513,\n 55.51723314455435\n ],\n [\n -162.06884587926007,\n 55.51723314455435\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, Margaret","contributorId":340414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mangan","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":81605,"text":"USGS retiree, no present affiliation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hankins, W. Ben 0000-0001-9881-9468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9881-9468","contributorId":28618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hankins","given":"W. Ben","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":907123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shimizu, Nobumichi","contributorId":177010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shimizu","given":"Nobumichi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vennemann, Torsten W.","contributorId":190168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vennemann","given":"Torsten","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":907125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70220240,"text":"70220240 - 2021 - Sedex hydrothermal systems triggered upheavals to marine chemistry and mass extinctions: Applications for ore genesis research and mineral exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-20T15:45:36.307468","indexId":"70220240","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T09:37:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":30,"text":"Newsletter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17165,"text":"Geological Society of Nevada Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":30}},"title":"Sedex hydrothermal systems triggered upheavals to marine chemistry and mass extinctions: Applications for ore genesis research and mineral exploration","docAbstract":"New USGS research reveals that the discharge of metal-rich brine that formed sedex deposits on ancient seafloors had profound effects on global ocean chemistry and biologic evolution. For example, brine expulsion caused short-duration positive excursions (“spikes”) in the global marine Sr isotope record. While these spikes are unexplained by conventional oceanic models, our chronostratigraphic correlations of major sedex events, combined with mass balance evidence and oceanographic modeling, confirm that the flux of radiogenic Sr from sedex brines during ore formation was sufficient to cause these once enigmatic 87Sr/86Sr spikes. Recognition that the timing of peak 87Sr/86Sr spikes correlates exactly with global δ13C (and δ18O) spikes, climate change, deposition of metal-rich black shales and ironstones, metal-induced malformation (teratology) of marine organisms, and mass extinctions, establishes a causal relationship between sedex deposits and these dramatic events in earth history. The relationships among these features are not fully understood. However, our new model demonstrates that the flux of key biolimiting nutrients and metals contained in sedex brines exceeds that of the total modern riverine flux to the ocean. Undoubtably, these immense nutrient fluxes spurred ocean eutrophication, which, ultimately, through a series of positive feedback mechanisms, may be a previously unrecognized trigger of global ocean anoxic events (OAEs) that produced these chemical and biological perturbations. A derivative result from this integrative research is the recognition that OAEs resulted in the formation of “bathtub rim” deposits at redox boundaries along continental margins that concentrated various redox sensitive critical minerals. For example, we have identified midcontinent phosphorite deposits that contains heavy REE grades and tonnages that rival any REE deposit in the world.
The recognition that sedex-forming fluid expulsion events are recorded in the global marine isotopic, geologic, and biological records, defines a new approach to the study of and exploration for sedex deposits. Traditional ore genesis research, coupled with chronostratigraphic correlation and high-resolution 87Sr/86Sr isotope chemostratigraphy can be used to answer long-standing questions about geologic processes responsible for formation of these extraordinary deposits. This approach allows us to constrain, for the first time, the age, duration, and fluxes of fluids and metals vented into the ocean by these giant hydrothermal systems. Accordingly, the fact that large mineralizing events are recorded in the marine sedimentary record opens the tantalizing prospect that we have the ability to conduct effective resource assessments and define prospective basins anywhere in the world. This innovative approach allows for identification of favorable stratigraphic ages and basins and remote evaluation of the size (and, thus, the mineral potential) of undiscovered mineral deposits. This methodology could be applied on regional basin-wide assessments, to evaluate sedimentary basin prospectivity, resource favorability of specific horizons therein, and to the evaluation of the potential of early-stage prospects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of Nevada","usgsCitation":"Emsbo, P., 2021, Sedex hydrothermal systems triggered upheavals to marine chemistry and mass extinctions: Applications for ore genesis research and mineral exploration: Geological Society of Nevada Newsletter, v. 37, no. 5.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"3","ipdsId":"IP-129204","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425795,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.gsnv.org/information/newsletter-archive/"},{"id":425796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"5","edition":"May","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emsbo, Poul 0000-0001-9421-201X pemsbo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-201X","contributorId":997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"Poul","email":"pemsbo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221141,"text":"70221141 - 2021 - Putting people first: Using social science to reduce risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-03T13:33:50.668126","indexId":"70221141","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T08:29:16","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8920,"text":"Wildfire Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Putting people first: Using social science to reduce risk","docAbstract":"Wildland-urban interface residents, who occupy the areas where wildlands meet and mix with human development, are both contributors to and recipients of the disastrous effects of wildland fires. They contribute through fire starts, flammable homes, unmitigated properties, opposition to mitigation on nearby public lands, and land use planning efforts. We argue that successful, sustainable wildland fire solutions are only possible if the WUI residents are engaged. In this article, we describe an evidence-based quantitative social science model to illustrate how to put people at the center of wildland fire solutions. Our hope is to spur greater use of social science in evidence-based wildland fire programs.","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Wildland Fire","usgsCitation":"Champ, P.A., Barth, C.M., Brenkert-Smith, H., Falk, L.C., Gomez, J., and Meldrum, J., 2021, Putting people first: Using social science to reduce risk: Wildfire Magazine, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-118653","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":386164,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iawfonline.org/article/putting-people-first-using-social-science-to-reduce-risk/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Champ, Patricia A.","contributorId":195486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champ","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barth, Christopher M.","contributorId":195487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenkert-Smith, Hannah 0000-0001-6117-8863","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-8863","contributorId":195485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenkert-Smith","given":"Hannah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falk, Lilia C.","contributorId":210655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falk","given":"Lilia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":38125,"text":"West Region Wildfire Council","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gomez, Jamie","contributorId":218078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gomez","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38125,"text":"West Region Wildfire Council","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meldrum, James R. 0000-0001-5250-3759 jmeldrum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-3759","contributorId":195484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meldrum","given":"James","email":"jmeldrum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70224283,"text":"70224283 - 2021 - Habitat heterogeneity, temperature, and primary productivity drive elevational gradients in avian species diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-20T13:03:59.742321","indexId":"70224283","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T08:02:54","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat heterogeneity, temperature, and primary productivity drive elevational gradients in avian species diversity","docAbstract":"Anticipating and mitigating the impacts of climate change on species diversity in montane ecosystems requires a mechanistic understanding of drivers of current patterns of diversity. We documented the shape of elevational gradients in avian species richness in North America and tested a suite of a priori predictions for each of five mechanistic hypotheses to explain those patterns.
United States
We used predicted occupancy maps generated from species distribution models for each of 646 breeding birds to document elevational patterns in avian species richness across the six largest U.S. mountain ranges. We used spatially explicit biotic and abiotic data to test five mechanistic hypotheses proposed to explain geographic variation in species richness.
Elevational gradients in avian species richness followed a consistent pattern of low elevation plateau-mid-elevation peak (as per McCain, 2009). We found support for three of the five hypotheses to explain the underlying cause of this pattern: the habitat heterogeneity, temperature, and primary productivity hypotheses.
Species richness typically decreases with elevation, but the primary cause and precise shape of the relationship remain topics of debate. We used a novel approach to study the richness-elevation relationship and our results are unique in that they show a consistent relationship between species richness and elevation among 6 mountain ranges, and universal support for three hypotheses proposed to explain the underlying cause of the observed relationship. Taken together, these results suggest that elevational variation in food availability may be the ecological process that best explains elevational gradients in avian species richness in North America. Although much attention has focused on the role of abiotic factors, particularly temperature, in limiting species’ ranges, our results offer compelling evidence that other processes also influence (and may better explain) elevational gradients in species richness.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.7341","usgsCitation":"Dillon, K., and Conway, C.J., 2021, Habitat heterogeneity, temperature, and primary productivity drive elevational gradients in avian species diversity: Ecology and Evolution, v. 11, no. 11, p. 5985-5997, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7341.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"5985","endPage":"5997","ipdsId":"IP-105630","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7341","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":389477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, Kristen G.","contributorId":265813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dillon","given":"Kristen G.","affiliations":[{"id":39599,"text":"ui","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220573,"text":"70220573 - 2021 - Wetlands in intermittently closed estuaries can build elevations to keep pace with sea-level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T12:19:42.854496","indexId":"70220573","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T07:18:24","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetlands in intermittently closed estuaries can build elevations to keep pace with sea-level rise","docAbstract":"Sea-level rise is a threat to coastal ecosystems, which have important conservation and economic value. While marsh response to sea-level rise has been well characterized for perennially open estuaries, bar-built intermittently-closed estuaries and their sea-level rise response are seldom addressed in the literature – despite being common globally. We seek to advance the conceptual understanding of sea-level rise response of marshes by incorporating the unique nature of intermittently-closed estuaries in a marsh model. We hypothesize that intermittently-closed-estuary marshes may be more resilient to sea-level rise than open-estuary marshes due to greater initial elevation capital and higher accretion rates due to closure events. Using California, USA as a case study, spatial analysis shows that marshes in intermittently-closed-estuaries had significantly greater elevations (x̄ = 1.93 m ± 0.2 standard error, n = 14) than marshes in permanently open estuaries (x̄ = 0.94 m ± 0.1 standard error, n = 8; P = 0.003). We then used a process-based model to determine marsh elevation change under 840 simulated responses to sea-level rise to 2100. Our modeling shows that regular annual mouth closure can promote accretion rates and increase marsh elevations fast enough to match even high rates of sea-level rise, as fluvial sediment pulses can be captured in the estuary. Modeled suspended sediment concentration had the strongest effect on accretion, followed by probability of annual mouth closure. Intermittently closed estuaries are critical environments where marshes may be sustained under high rates of sea-level rise, thus reducing the anticipated global loss of these important ecosystems. Our results begin to fill an important gap in the knowledge about marsh accretion and identify research needs to inform coastal management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107386","usgsCitation":"Thorne, K., Buffington, K., Jones, S., and Largier, J.L., 2021, Wetlands in intermittently closed estuaries can build elevations to keep pace with sea-level rise: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 257, 107386, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107386.","productDescription":"107386, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-129328","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107386","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"257","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorne, Karen M. 0000-0002-1381-0657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0657","contributorId":204579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Karen M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buffington, Kevin J. 0000-0001-9741-1241 kbuffington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-1241","contributorId":4775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"Kevin","email":"kbuffington@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Scott 0000-0002-1056-3785","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1056-3785","contributorId":215602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Largier, John L.","contributorId":175121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Largier","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70222106,"text":"70222106 - 2021 - Differential reliance on aquatic prey subsidies influences mercury exposure in riparian arachnids and songbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-20T12:21:56.724805","indexId":"70222106","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T07:17:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential reliance on aquatic prey subsidies influences mercury exposure in riparian arachnids and songbirds","docAbstract":"Cross-ecosystem subsidies move substantial amounts of nutrients between ecosystems. Emergent aquatic insects are a particularly important prey source for riparian songbirds but may also move aquatic contaminants, such as mercury (Hg), to riparian food webs. While many studies focus on species that eat primarily emergent aquatic insects, we instead study riparian songbirds with flexible foraging strategies, exploiting both aquatic and terrestrial prey sources. The goal in this study is to trace reliance on aquatic prey sources and correlate it to Hg concentrations in common riparian arachnids (Families Tetragnathidae, Opiliones, and Salticidae) and songbirds (Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas, Spotted Towhee Pipilo maculatus, Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus, Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia, and Yellow Warbler Setophaga petechia). We used stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N and Bayesian mixing models in MixSIAR to determine the reliance of riparian predators on aquatic prey sources. Using mixed effects models, we found that arachnid families varied in their reliance on aquatic prey sources. While songbird species varied in their reliance on aquatic prey sources, songbirds sampled earlier in the season consistently relied more on aquatic prey sources than those sampled later in the season. For both arachnids and songbirds, we found a positive correlation between the amount of the aquatic prey source in their diet and their Hg concentrations. While the seasonal pulse of aquatic prey to terrestrial ecosystems is an important source of nutrients to riparian species, our results show that aquatic prey sources are linked with higher Hg exposure. For songbirds, reliance on aquatic prey sources early in the breeding season (and subsequent higher Hg exposure) coincides with timing of egg laying and development, both of which may be impacted by Hg exposure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.7549","usgsCitation":"Jackson, A.K., Eagles-Smith, C., and Robinson, W.D., 2021, Differential reliance on aquatic prey subsidies influences mercury exposure in riparian arachnids and songbirds: Ecology and Evolution, v. 11, no. 11, p. 7003-7017, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7549.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"7003","endPage":"7017","ipdsId":"IP-115217","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452478,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7549","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FD0GOV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mercury Concentrations and Stable Isotopes in Riparian Songbirds and Invertebrates from the Willamette River, Oregon, 2013"},{"id":387295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, Allyson K. 0000-0002-0821-8261","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0821-8261","contributorId":5964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Allyson","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":221745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, W Douglas 0000-0003-2240-0606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2240-0606","contributorId":261239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"W","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70214541,"text":"70214541 - 2021 - Aeolian processes and landforms across the Solar System: Science and technology requirements for the next decade","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-11T21:06:12.607708","indexId":"70214541","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-30T16:03:52","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9373,"text":"Bulletin of the AAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Aeolian processes and landforms across the Solar System: Science and technology requirements for the next decade","docAbstract":"Discussions of planetary atmospheric-surface interactions (including aeolian processes and phenomena and the resulting landforms) are often tied to a specific planetary body. Considering this, a series of workshops were initiated in 2008 to facilitate an interdisciplinary and interplanetary body approach to further our understanding of aeolian processes, phenomena, and landforms (Titus et al., 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017). The most recent workshop, held 12-13 May 2020, transitioned to a virtual format due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on the planetary aeolian community’s vision for the next decade. Discussions centered around dynamics and resulting landforms, missions and models, and facilities. Participants determined that a planetary aeolian goals-and-objectives document was needed that was inclusive of multiple planetary bodies, processes, and phenomena that all intersect where the surface meets the atmosphere. This white paper is the first iteration of that vision, with definition of Goals/Objectives that organize the broad range of existing and needed planetary aeolian studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary science and astrobiology decadal survey 2023-2032","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Science","doi":"10.3847/25c2cfeb.038c0952","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., Diniega, S., Fenton, L., Neakrase, L., Nienhuis, J., Radebaugh, J., Williams, K.E., and Zimbelman, J.R., 2021, Aeolian processes and landforms across the Solar System: Science and technology requirements for the next decade: Bulletin of the AAS, v. 53, no. 4, Whitepaper #188, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.038c0952.","productDescription":"Whitepaper #188, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120466","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.038c0952","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diniega, S.","contributorId":238737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diniega","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":27365,"text":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenton, L.K.","contributorId":206378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fenton","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37319,"text":"SETI Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neakrase, Lynn","contributorId":190649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neakrase","given":"Lynn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nienhuis, J.","contributorId":241663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nienhuis","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36885,"text":"Utrecht University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Radebaugh, J","contributorId":241664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"J","affiliations":[{"id":48387,"text":"BYU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Williams, Kaj E. 0000-0003-1755-1872 kewilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1755-1872","contributorId":196988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Kaj","email":"kewilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zimbelman, James R.","contributorId":196265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70211230,"text":"70211230 - 2021 - Current activity on the Martian surface: A key subject for future exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-12T15:08:55.173485","indexId":"70211230","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-30T10:05:48","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9373,"text":"Bulletin of the AAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Current activity on the Martian surface: A key subject for future exploration","docAbstract":"One of the fundamental discoveries in Mars science in the last decade has been the extent and importance of current surface activity. Recent results have shifted our view of Mars from a world where the most interesting geologic events were in the distant past (similar to the Moon) to a world that undergoes active evolution and one where understanding the present is key to deciphering the planet’s history. When input was requested for the last Planetary Science Decadal Survey, some observations of surface changes had been published, but the number of detections was small and their significance not fully appreciated. Since that time, detections have proliferated, driven primarily by the long-term operation of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) as well as landed observations of aeolian activity. In addition to observed changes, theory suggests that additional important surface processes are likely active but not yet observed because orbital data are limited in space and time and landed studies are rare.
Understanding current Martian surface processes is a fundamental science question in itself, as it provides a test for physical and terrestrial analog-based models of specific geological processes acting under non-Earth planetary and environmental conditions. It is also an essential step for reading Mars’ geologic history and providing input to climate models: without understanding current dynamic processes, we cannot understand how they have varied during recent climate cycles, nor how they are reflected in ancient rock or modern ice records. Understanding the rates and types of current surface activity is also highly relevant to selecting geological samples, setting Planetary Protection rules, and understanding the hazards and environment that would be experienced by future human explorers.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary science and astrobiology decadal survey 2023-2032","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.3847/25c2cfeb.72861191","usgsCitation":"Dundas, C.M., Byrne, S., Chojnacki, M., Diniega, S., Daubar, I.J., Hamilton, C.W., Hansen, C.J., McEwen, A.S., Portyankina, G., and Sizemore, H.G., 2021, Current activity on the Martian surface: A key subject for future exploration: Bulletin of the AAS, v. 53, no. 4, Whitepaper #157, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.72861191.","productDescription":"Whitepaper #157, 8 p.","startPage":"2023","endPage":"2032","ipdsId":"IP-119571","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.72861191","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chojnacki, Matthew","contributorId":201621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":27205,"text":"U. Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diniega, Serina","contributorId":212017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diniega","given":"Serina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36276,"text":"JPL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Daubar, Ingrid J.","contributorId":204233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daubar","given":"Ingrid","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hamilton, Christopher W.","contributorId":196266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hansen, Candice J.","contributorId":70235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Candice","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Portyankina, Ganna","contributorId":200703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Portyankina","given":"Ganna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sizemore, Hanna G 0000-0002-6641-2388","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6641-2388","contributorId":229472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sizemore","given":"Hanna","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":24584,"text":"PSI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70220248,"text":"ofr20211016 - 2021 - Community for Data Integration 2019 annual report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T17:31:53.359011","indexId":"ofr20211016","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-29T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1016","displayTitle":"Community for Data Integration 2019 Annual Report","title":"Community for Data Integration 2019 annual report","docAbstract":"The Community for Data Integration is a community of practice whose purpose is to advance the U.S. Geological Survey’s data integration capabilities. In fiscal year 2019, the Community for Data Integration held 9 monthly forums, facilitated 11 collaboration areas, held several workshops and training events, and funded 14 projects. The activities supported the U.S. Geological Survey priorities of enabling integrated predictive science, producing FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data, building modular and reusable tools, building authoritative national datasets for hazards or assets, and developing tools and methods for biosurveillance of emerging invasive species and health threats. Through these efforts, community members were informed of new and emerging technologies and data topics that helped them in their professional responsibilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211016","usgsCitation":"Hsu, L., and Liford, A.N., 2021, Community for Data Integration 2019 Annual Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1016, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211016.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-119547","costCenters":[{"id":38128,"text":"Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385363,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1016/ofr20211016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1016"},{"id":385362,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1016/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Science Analytics and Synthesis
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 302
Denver, CO 80225
Effective control of aquatic invasive species requires knowledge of the population throughout the infested area. Lake-wide assessments of invasive sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) are used to assess their status in the Laurentian Great Lakes, informing fisheries managers and decision makers in the sea lamprey control program. Initially these assessments focused on an estimate of absolute abundance, but later switched to an estimate of relative abundance as an index. In this paper, we describe the recently developed index of sea lamprey abundance and the reasons for its use. Rather than trying to estimate spawning run sizes of all Great Lakes tributaries, the index instead estimates run sizes of a small subset of index streams. Streams chosen for the index had large spawning runs and a history of trapping operations that consistently yielded mark-recapture estimates. This change enabled the sea lamprey control program to abandon a previously used regression model that predicted run size on streams with no sea lamprey traps. Further research is needed to determine how strongly correlated the index is with actual patterns in the lake-wide population of adult sea lampreys.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2021.04.009","usgsCitation":"Adams, J.V., Barber, J.M., Bravener, G.A., and Lewandoski, S.A., 2021, Quantifying Great Lakes sea lamprey populations using an index of adults: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 47, no. Suppl 1, p. S335-S346, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2021.04.009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"S335","endPage":"S346","ipdsId":"IP-121369","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2021.04.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Ontario, Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 46.5286346952717\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 48.37084770238366\n ],\n [\n -88.11035156249999,\n 49.18170338770663\n ],\n [\n -92.8125,\n 46.86019101567027\n ],\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -88.857421875,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -87.0556640625,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -87.890625,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -84.5068359375,\n 45.120052841530544\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -84.0234375,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -82.880859375,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -78.662109375,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -78.44238281249999,\n 43.100982876188546\n ],\n [\n -76.1572265625,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 44.77793589631623\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"Suppl 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Jessica M.","contributorId":173285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barber","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6584,"text":"United States Fish and Wildlife Service–Bozeman Fish Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bravener, Gale A","contributorId":174546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bravener","given":"Gale","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":13677,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewandoski, Sean A.","contributorId":221007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewandoski","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220384,"text":"70220384 - 2021 - A morphodynamic model to evaluate long-term sandbar rebuilding using controlled floods in the Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-10T12:33:29.88236","indexId":"70220384","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-29T07:28:35","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A morphodynamic model to evaluate long-term sandbar rebuilding using controlled floods in the Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"Controlled floods released from dams have become a common restoration strategy in river systems worldwide. Here we present a morphodynamic model of sandbar volume change for a subset of sandbars of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, where controlled floods are part of a management strategy focused on sandbar maintenance. We simulate sandbars as a triangular wedge, where deposition and erosion are modeled using physically based approaches that are driven by nearly continuous observations of flow and suspended sand concentration. We optimize an eddy exchange coefficient and erosion rate parameter by comparing model predictions to measured bar volumes. The model captures most of the variability in observed volume changes, and demonstrates the importance of flood frequency and sand concentration on average bar size. The model is easily implemented and adaptable, providing a means for predicting the future behavior of sandbars under a variety of streamflow and sediment supply scenarios.
Reservoir properties of coal seams such as gas and water effective permeabilities and gas content, as well as spatial distributions thereof, affect the success of gas production and CO2-enhanced gas recovery (EGR) with simultaneous CO2 sequestration. These properties change during production and injection operations due to variations in reservoir pressure, matrix shrinkage/swelling, and water saturation and are therefore referred to as dynamic properties. Predicting distribution of such important reservoir properties and how they evolve during production, or injection, at unsampled locations can be particularly important for field development and project economics.
In this work, dynamic properties of Black Creek coal seam of Black Warrior Basin, Alabama were mapped using pointwise results from single-well production history matching of 45 wells and classical geostatistics. It is explored if this approach can be a proxy, with its limitations, to multi-well reservoir simulation. For this purpose, a reservoir model was built using available reservoir, well and production data to compare its results with those of the geostatistical maps for the same properties. Despite the expected local discrepancies due to differences between the two approaches, the results showed similar patterns and global distributions. Specific results showed that despite long-time operation of the wells in this area, there were still areas with high gas content and low gas effective permeability within the modeled time interval that might have benefited from further development using additional wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2021.103766","usgsCitation":"Karacan, C.O., 2021, Single-well production history matching and geostatistical modeling as proxy to multi-well reservoir simulation for evaluating dynamic reservoir properties of coal seams: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 241, 103766, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2021.103766.","productDescription":"103766, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124559","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385530,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","city":"Tuscaloosa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.8082275390625,\n 32.9764120829052\n ],\n [\n -86.912841796875,\n 32.9764120829052\n ],\n [\n -86.912841796875,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -87.8082275390625,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -87.8082275390625,\n 32.9764120829052\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"241","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karacan, C. Ozgen 0000-0002-0947-8241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-8241","contributorId":201991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karacan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ozgen","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70228991,"text":"70228991 - 2021 - Nest site selection of White-tailed Hawks (Geranoaetus albicaudatus) on Texas barrier islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-25T16:01:59.173106","indexId":"70228991","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-28T09:55:24","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Nest site selection of White-tailed Hawks (Geranoaetus albicaudatus) on Texas barrier islands","title":"Nest site selection of White-tailed Hawks (Geranoaetus albicaudatus) on Texas barrier islands","docAbstract":"The distribution of the White-tailed Hawk (Geranoaetus albicaudatus) in the United States is restricted to the prairies and savannas of the Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas. Although listed as a state threatened species, it remains one of the least studied raptors in North America. It appears to reach high densities on some Texas barrier islands despite the island vegetation communities being structurally simple and providing few nesting substrates. We compared vegetation and landscape characteristics for sets of White-tailed Hawk nest sites and random sites on 3 Texas barrier islands (Matagorda, Mustang, and North Padre) representing a gradient of low to high human presence and impact. We constructed model sets consisting of vegetation and landscape features measured at a random subsample of nest sites and random sites, then assessed model sets with logistic regression. Our best constructed model correctly differentiated 83% of nest sites from random sites on Matagorda Island, 70% on Mustang Island, and 50% on North Padre Island. Overall, it appears that the structure of nest substrates was important to White-tailed Hawk nest-site selection: shrubs categorized as densely structured with or without thorns accounted for 78% of nest substrates compared to only 13% of paired, random potential substrates. The most frequently selected nest substrates overall were yaupon (Ilex vomitoria; 43%) and Macartney rose (Rosa bracteata; 24%). If White-tailed Hawks are to be conserved on the barrier islands, a balance will need to be found between continued anthropogenic development, maintenance of habitat patches, and availability of suitable nesting substrates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/20-74","usgsCitation":"Haralson-Strobel, C., Boal, C.W., and Fraquhar, C.C., 2021, Nest site selection of White-tailed Hawks (Geranoaetus albicaudatus) on Texas barrier islands: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 132, no. 3, p. 668-677, https://doi.org/10.1676/20-74.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"668","endPage":"677","ipdsId":"IP-119949","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Matagorda, Mustang, and North Padre Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.83486938476562,\n 28.070768561865155\n ],\n [\n -96.39678955078125,\n 28.33943885710451\n ],\n [\n -96.38992309570311,\n 28.35394230526438\n ],\n [\n -96.43661499023436,\n 28.36361017019959\n ],\n [\n -96.5478515625,\n 28.320097845836454\n ],\n [\n -96.822509765625,\n 28.19308520918522\n ],\n [\n -96.83212280273438,\n 28.121649866341304\n ],\n [\n -96.85409545898438,\n 28.06228599981216\n ],\n [\n -96.83486938476562,\n 28.070768561865155\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.19535827636719,\n 27.612972297774377\n ],\n [\n -97.21424102783203,\n 27.61783967494728\n ],\n [\n -97.22145080566406,\n 27.635786258487663\n ],\n [\n -97.23346710205078,\n 27.633961316589154\n ],\n [\n -97.25303649902344,\n 27.59836886857363\n ],\n [\n -97.2952651977539,\n 27.50766239596439\n ],\n [\n -97.32410430908203,\n 27.455883557617597\n ],\n [\n -97.34092712402342,\n 27.409566585950014\n ],\n [\n -97.36942291259766,\n 27.350423290254746\n ],\n [\n -97.36186981201172,\n 27.309248227203696\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 27.286061466458474\n ],\n [\n -97.39311218261719,\n 27.23753666659069\n ],\n [\n -97.39585876464842,\n 27.07380043091176\n ],\n [\n -97.4102783203125,\n 26.929416426216296\n ],\n [\n -97.37869262695312,\n 26.630273470591902\n ],\n [\n -97.33749389648438,\n 26.561506704037942\n ],\n [\n -97.24960327148438,\n 26.571333057252076\n ],\n [\n -97.3663330078125,\n 26.968589727144387\n ],\n [\n -97.35260009765625,\n 27.205785724383325\n ],\n [\n -97.261962890625,\n 27.48756291405129\n ],\n [\n -97.19535827636719,\n 27.612972297774377\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"132","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haralson-Strobel, C.L.","contributorId":280181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haralson-Strobel","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[{"id":36331,"text":"Texas Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fraquhar, C. C.","contributorId":280182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fraquhar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27442,"text":"Texas parks and Wildlife Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70222454,"text":"70222454 - 2021 - lsforce: A Python-based single-force seismic inversion framework for massive landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-30T14:01:26.407941","indexId":"70222454","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-28T09:00:05","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"lsforce: A Python-based single-force seismic inversion framework for massive landslides","docAbstract":"We present an open‐source Python package, lsforce, for performing single‐force source inversions of long‐period (tens to hundreds of seconds) seismic signals. Although the software is designed primarily for landslides, it can be used for any single‐force seismic source. The package allows users to produce estimates of the three‐component time series of forces exerted on the Earth by a landslide with postprocessing options to estimate the trajectory of its center of mass. Green’s functions for a user‐selected 1D Earth model are obtained automatically from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Synthetics Engine webservice or can be computed for custom 1D Earth models using Computer Programs in Seismology. lsforce implements the two most commonly used source parameterizations: a fully flexible, high‐resolution approach and a more stable but lower‐resolution method of overlapping triangle sources. Regularization options include a blended zeroth‐, first‐, and second‐order semiautomated Tikhonov regularization scheme, as well as additional optional constraints on start times, end times, and on the sum of forces. Uncertainty due to data selection can be assessed using either a leave‐one‐out approach or a modified jackknife technique that randomly excludes subsets of the data for multiple re‐inversions. Numerous built‐in plotting methods allow for easy quality control and assessment of results. In this article, we briefly outline the theory and methodology, describe our implementation, and demonstrate the usage of lsforce using the well‐studied 28 June 2016 Lamplugh rock avalanche in Alaska. Despite the rapidly increasing prevalence of landslide single‐force inversions in the landslide and seismology literature over the past decade, to our knowledge this is the first open‐source code for performing such inversions.
We study ground-motion response in urban Los Angeles during the two largest events (M7.1 and M6.4) of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence using recordings from multiple regional seismic networks as well as a subset of 350 stations from the much denser Community Seismic Network. In the first part of our study, we examine the observed response spectral (pseudo) accelerations for a selection of periods of engineering significance (1, 3, 6, and 8 s). Significant ground-motion amplification is present and reproducible between the two events. For the longer periods, coherent spectral acceleration patterns are visible throughout the Los Angeles Basin, while for the shorter periods, the motions are less spatially coherent. However, coherence is still observable at smaller length scales due to the high spatial density of the measurements. Examining possible correlations of the computed response spectral accelerations with basement depth and Vs30, we find the correlations to be stronger for the longer periods. In the second part of the study, we test the performance of two state-of-the-art methods for estimating ground motions for the largest event of the Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, namely three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference simulations and ground motion prediction equations. For the simulations, we are interested in the performance of the two Southern California Earthquake Center 3D community velocity models (CVM-S and CVM-H). For the ground motion prediction equations, we consider four of the 2014 Next Generation Attenuation-West2 Project equations. For some cases, the methods match the observations reasonably well; however, neither approach is able to reproduce the specific locations of the maximum response spectral accelerations or match the details of the observed amplification patterns.