Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) was isolated from muskellunge, Esox masquinongy (Mitchill), caught from the NW portion of Lake St Clair, Michigan, USA in 2003. Affected fish exhibited congestion of internal organs; the inner wall of the swim bladder was thickened and contained numerous budding, fluid-filled vesicles. A virus was isolated using fish cell lines inoculated with a homogenate of kidney and spleen tissues from affected fish. Focal areas of cell rounding and granulation appeared as early as 24 h post-inoculation and expanded rapidly to destroy the entire cell sheet by 96 h. Electron microscopy revealed virions that were 170-180 nm in length by 60-70 nm in width having a bullet-shaped morphology typical of rhabdoviruses. The virus was confirmed as VHSV by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Sequence analysis of the entire nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes revealed the virus was a member of the North American genotype of VHSV; however, the isolate was sufficiently distinct to be considered a separate sublineage, suggesting its origin may have been from marine species inhabiting the eastern coastal areas of the USA or Canada.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00755.x","issn":"01407775","usgsCitation":"Elsayed, E., Faisal, M., Thomas, M., Whelan, G., Batts, W., and Winton, J., 2006, Isolation of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus from muskellunge, Esox masquinongy (Mitchill), in Lake St Clair, Michigan, USA reveals a new sublineage of the North American genotype: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 29, no. 10, p. 611-619, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00755.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"619","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209790,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00755.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Saint Clair","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.9193115234375,\n 42.35245491952619\n ],\n [\n -82.83279418945312,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -82.66250610351562,\n 42.54397489736545\n ],\n [\n -82.61306762695312,\n 42.56623017635374\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 42.60667398549725\n ],\n [\n -82.63092041015625,\n 42.627896481020855\n ],\n [\n -82.62405395507812,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -82.68997192382812,\n 42.6895017559477\n ],\n [\n -82.75863647460938,\n 42.66931003040665\n ],\n [\n -82.8094482421875,\n 42.647091553959136\n ],\n [\n -82.81906127929688,\n 42.62385465855651\n ],\n [\n -82.78335571289062,\n 42.5995982130586\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 42.562184352321886\n ],\n [\n -82.87124633789061,\n 42.53588010092859\n ],\n [\n -82.88223266601562,\n 42.50652766705062\n ],\n [\n -82.87948608398438,\n 42.46703196400574\n ],\n [\n -82.869873046875,\n 42.45082138532402\n ],\n [\n -82.90557861328125,\n 42.3839083919257\n ],\n [\n -82.9302978515625,\n 42.363617631805496\n ],\n [\n -82.9193115234375,\n 42.35245491952619\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f58e4b0c8380cd64469","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elsayed, E.","contributorId":104270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsayed","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faisal, M.","contributorId":19116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faisal","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, M.","contributorId":71343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whelan, G.","contributorId":52775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Batts, W.","contributorId":76533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winton, J.","contributorId":55627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028652,"text":"70028652 - 2006 - Saharan dust - A carrier of persistent organic pollutants, metals and microbes to the Caribbean?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T16:11:26.832005","indexId":"70028652","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3290,"text":"Revista de Biología Tropical: International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2215-2075","printIssn":"0034-7744","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saharan dust - A carrier of persistent organic pollutants, metals and microbes to the Caribbean?","docAbstract":"An international team of scientists from government agencies and universities in the United States, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), Trinidad & Tobago, the Republic of Cape Verde, and the Republic of Mali (West Africa) is working together to elucidate the role Saharan dust may play in the degradation of Caribbean ecosystems. The first step has been to identify and quantify the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), trace metals, and viable microorganisms in the atmosphere in dust source areas of West Africa, and in dust episodes at downwind sites in the eastern Atlantic (Cape Verde) and the Caribbean (USVI and Trinidad & Tobago). Preliminary findings show that air samples from Mali contain a greater number of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and in higher concentrations than the Caribbean sites. Overall, POP concentrations were similar in USVI and Trinidad samples. Trace metal concentrations were found to be similar to crustal composition with slight enrichment of lead in Mali. To date, hundreds of cultureable micro-organisms have been identified from Mali, Cape Verde, USVI, and Trinidad air samples. The sea fan pathogen, Aspergillus sydowii, has been identified in soil from Mali and in air samples from dust events in the Caribbean. We have shown that air samples from a dust-source region contain orders of magnitude more cultureable micro-organisms per volume than air samples from dust events in the Caribbean, which in turn contain 3-to 4-fold more cultureable microbes than during non-dust conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Universidad de Costa Rica","publisherLocation":"San José, Costa Rica","usgsCitation":"Garrison, V., Foreman, W., Genualdi, S., Griffin, D., Kellogg, C., Majewski, M., Mohammed, A., Ramsubhag, A., Shinn, E., Simonich, S., and Smith, G., 2006, Saharan dust - A carrier of persistent organic pollutants, metals and microbes to the Caribbean?: Revista de Biología Tropical: International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation, v. 54, no. Supplement 3, p. 9-21.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352916,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/26867"}],"otherGeospatial":"Caribbean Sea","volume":"54","issue":"Supplement 3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafc6e4b0c8380cd8779a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, V.H.","contributorId":70731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Genualdi, S.","contributorId":35933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genualdi","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W.","contributorId":23668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kellogg, C.A.","contributorId":13408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Majewski, M.S.","contributorId":88501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mohammed, A.","contributorId":89711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohammed","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ramsubhag, A.","contributorId":85766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsubhag","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Simonich, S.L.","contributorId":99361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonich","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Smith, G.W.","contributorId":6561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70031055,"text":"70031055 - 2006 - Constraints on the mechanism of long-term, steady subsidence at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-15T10:07:35","indexId":"70031055","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the mechanism of long-term, steady subsidence at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR","docAbstract":"Leveling surveys across Medicine Lake volcano (MLV) have documented subsidence that is centered on the summit caldera and decays symmetrically on the flanks of the edifice. Possible mechanisms for this deformation include fluid withdrawal from a subsurface reservoir, cooling/crystallization of subsurface magma, loading by the volcano and dense intrusions, and crustal thinning due to tectonic extension (Dzurisin et al., 1991 [Dzurisin, D., Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., Evans, J.R., Walter, S.R., 1991. Crustal subsidence, seismicity, and structure near Medicine Lake Volcano, California. Journal of Geophysical Research 96, 16, 319-16, 333.]; Dzurisin et al., 2002 [Dzurisin, D., Poland, M.P., Bürgmann, R., 2002. Steady subsidence of Medicine Lake Volcano, Northern California, revealed by repeated leveling surveys. Journal of Geophysical Research 107, 2372, doi:10.1029/2001JB000893.]). InSAR data that approximate vertical displacements are similar to the leveling results; however, vertical deformation data alone are not sufficient to distinguish between source mechanisms. Horizontal displacements from GPS were collected in the Mt. Shasta/MLV region in 1996, 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2004. These results suggest that the region is part of the western Oregon block that is rotating about an Euler pole in eastern Oregon. With this rotation removed, most sites in the network have negligible velocities except for those near MLV caldera. There, measured horizontal velocities are less than predicted from ∼10 km deep point and dislocation sources of volume loss based on the leveling data; therefore volumetric losses simulated by these sources are probably not causing the observed subsidence at MLV. This result demonstrates that elastic models of subsurface volume change can provide misleading results where additional geophysical and geological constraints are unavailable, or if only vertical deformation is known. The deformation source must be capable of causing broad vertical deformation with comparatively smaller horizontal displacements. Thermoelastic contraction of a column of hot rock beneath the volcano cannot reproduce the observed ratio of vertical to horizontal surface displacements. Models that determine deformation due to loading by the volcano and dense intrusions can be made to fit the pattern of vertical displacements by assuming a weak upper crust beneath MLV, though the subsidence rates due to surface loading must be lower than the observed displacements. Tectonic extension is almost certainly occurring based on fault orientations and focal mechanisms, but does not appear to be a major contributor to the observed deformation. We favor a model that includes a combination of sources, including extension and loading of a hot weak crust with thermal contraction of a cooling mass of rock beneath MLV, which are processes that are probably occurring at MLV. Future microgravity surveys and the planned deployment of an array of continuous GPS stations as part of a Plate Boundary Observatory volcano cluster will help to refine this model.
Urbanization has become the dominant form of landscape disturbance in parts of the United States. Small streams in the Piedmont region of the eastern United States support high densities of salamanders and are often the first habitats to be affected by landscape-altering factors such as urbanization. We used US Geological Survey land cover data from 1972 to 2000 and a relation between stream salamanders and land cover, established from recent research, to estimate the impact of contemporary land-cover change on the abundance of stream salamanders near Davidson, North Carolina, a Piedmont locale that has experienced rapid urbanization during this time. Our analysis indicates that southern two-lined salamander (Eurycea cirrigera) populations have decreased from 32% to 44% while northern dusky salamanders (Desmognathus fuscus) have decreased from 21% to 30% over the last three decades. Our results suggest that the widespread conversion of forest to urban land in small catchments has likely resulted in a substantial decline of populations of stream salamanders and could have serious effects on stream ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2006.07.005","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Price, S., Dorcas, M., Gallant, A.L., Klaver, R., and Willson, J., 2006, Three decades of urbanization: Estimating the impact of land-cover change on stream salamander populations: Biological Conservation, v. 133, no. 4, p. 436-441, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.07.005.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"436","endPage":"441","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209744,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.07.005"}],"volume":"133","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb308e4b08c986b325b3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, S.J.","contributorId":38756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorcas, M.E.","contributorId":34310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorcas","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":23508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klaver, R. W. 0000-0002-3263-9701","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":50267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Willson, J.D.","contributorId":64434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willson","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028901,"text":"70028901 - 2006 - Differences between near-surface equivalent temperature and temperature trends for the Eastern United States. Equivalent temperature as an alternative measure of heat content","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028901","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences between near-surface equivalent temperature and temperature trends for the Eastern United States. Equivalent temperature as an alternative measure of heat content","docAbstract":"There is currently much attention being given to the observed increase in near-surface air temperatures during the last century. The proper investigation of heating trends, however, requires that we include surface heat content to monitor this aspect of the climate system. Changes in heat content of the Earth's climate are not fully described by temperature alone. Moist enthalpy or, alternatively, equivalent temperature, is more sensitive to surface vegetation properties than is air temperature and therefore more accurately depicts surface heating trends. The microclimates evident at many surface observation sites highlight the influence of land surface characteristics on local surface heating trends. Temperature and equivalent temperature trend differences from 1982-1997 are examined for surface sites in the Eastern U.S. Overall trend differences at the surface indicate equivalent temperature trends are relatively warmer than temperature trends in the Eastern U.S. Seasonally, equivalent temperature trends are relatively warmer than temperature trends in winter and are relatively cooler in the fall. These patterns, however, vary widely from site to site, so local microclimate is very important. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.11.002","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Davey, C., Pielke, R., and Gallo, K.P., 2006, Differences between near-surface equivalent temperature and temperature trends for the Eastern United States. Equivalent temperature as an alternative measure of heat content: Global and Planetary Change, v. 54, no. 1-2, p. 19-32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.11.002.","startPage":"19","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209961,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.11.002"},{"id":236730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00eae4b0c8380cd4f9b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davey, C.A.","contributorId":43960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davey","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pielke, R.A. Sr.","contributorId":96224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gallo, K. P.","contributorId":86527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028927,"text":"70028927 - 2006 - Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional carbon sequestration potential under no-till management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T16:06:03","indexId":"70028927","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional carbon sequestration potential under no-till management","docAbstract":"Conservation management of croplands at the plot scale has demonstrated a great potential to mitigate the greenhouse effect through sequestration of atmospheric carbon (C) into soil. This study estimated the potential of soil to sequester C through the conversion of croplands from conventional tillage (CT) to no-till (NT) in the East Central United States between 1992 and 2012. This study used the baseline soil organic C (SOC) pool (SOCP) inventory and the empirical models that describe the relationships of the SOCP under CT and NT, respectively, to their baseline SOCP in the upper 30-cm depth of soil. The baseline SOCP were obtained from the State Soil Geographic database, and the cropland distribution map was generated from the 1992 National Land Cover Database. The results indicate that if all the croplands under CT in 1992 were converted to NT, the SOCP would increase by 16.8% by 2012, which results in a total C sink of 136 Tg after 20 years. A greater sequestration rate would occur in soils with lower baseline SOCP, but the sink strength would be weaker with increasing SOCP levels. The CT-induced C sources tend to become larger in soils with higher baseline levels, which can be significantly reduced by adopting NT. We conclude that baseline SOC contents are an indicator of C sequestration potential with NT practices. ?? 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.","language":"English","publisher":"Wolters Kluwer Healt","doi":"10.1097/01.ss.0000235845.17826.f0","issn":"0038075X","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Lal, R., and Liu, S., 2006, Using experimental and geospatial data to estimate regional carbon sequestration potential under no-till management: Soil Science, v. 171, no. 12, p. 950-959, https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000235845.17826.f0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"950","endPage":"959","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209829,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000235845.17826.f0"}],"volume":"171","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc04ce4b08c986b32a045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Z.","contributorId":60831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lal, R.","contributorId":18559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lal","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028939,"text":"70028939 - 2006 - Channel formation by flow stripping: large-scale scour features along the Monterey East Channel and their relation to sediment waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T11:27:53","indexId":"70028939","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel formation by flow stripping: large-scale scour features along the Monterey East Channel and their relation to sediment waves","docAbstract":"The Monterey East system is formed by large-scale sediment waves deposited as a result of flows stripped from the deeply incised Monterey fan valley (Monterey Channel) at the apex of the Shepard Meander. The system is dissected by a linear series of steps that take the form of scour-shaped depressions ranging from 3·5 to 4·5 km in width, 3 to 6 km in length and from 80 to 200 m in depth. These giant scours are aligned downstream from a breech in the levee on the southern side of the Shepard Meander. The floor of the breech is only 150 m above the floor of the Monterey fan valley but more than 100 m below the levee crests resulting in significant flow stripping. Numerical modeling suggests that the steps in the Monterey East system were created by Froude-supercritical turbidity currents stripped from the main flow in the Monterey channel itself. Froude-supercritical flow over an erodible bed can be subject to an instability that gives rise to the formation of cyclic steps, i.e. trains of upstream-migrating steps bounded upstream and downstream by hydraulic jumps in the flow above them. The flow that creates these steps may be net-erosional or net-depositional. In the former case it gives rise to trains of scours such as those in the Monterey East system, and in the latter case it gives rise to the familiar trains of upstream-migrating sediment waves commonly seen on submarine levees. The Monterey East system provides a unique opportunity to introduce the concept of cyclic steps in the submarine environment to study processes that might result in channel initiation on modern submarine fans.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00812.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Fildani, A., Normark, W.R., Kostic, S., and Parker, G., 2006, Channel formation by flow stripping: large-scale scour features along the Monterey East Channel and their relation to sediment waves: Sedimentology, v. 53, no. 6, p. 1265-1287, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00812.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1265","endPage":"1287","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209983,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00812.x"},{"id":236763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay","volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f453e4b0c8380cd4bc84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fildani, A.","contributorId":34699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fildani","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kostic, S.","contributorId":98524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostic","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, G.","contributorId":31112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028955,"text":"70028955 - 2006 - Development of spatially diverse and complex dune-field patterns: Gran Desierto Dune Field, Sonora, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028955","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of spatially diverse and complex dune-field patterns: Gran Desierto Dune Field, Sonora, Mexico","docAbstract":"The pattern of dunes within the Gran Desierto of Sonora, Mexico, is both spatially diverse and complex. Identification of the pattern components from remote-sensing images, combined with statistical analysis of their measured parameters demonstrate that the composite pattern consists of separate populations of simple dune patterns. Age-bracketing by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) indicates that the simple patterns represent relatively short-lived aeolian constructional events since ???25 ka. The simple dune patterns consist of: (i) late Pleistocene relict linear dunes; (ii) degraded crescentic dunes formed at ???12 ka; (iii) early Holocene western crescentic dunes; (iv) eastern crescentic dunes emplaced at ???7 ka; and (v) star dunes formed during the last 3 ka. Recognition of the simple patterns and their ages allows for the geomorphic backstripping of the composite pattern. Palaeowind reconstructions, based upon the rule of gross bedform-normal transport, are largely in agreement with regional proxy data. The sediment state over time for the Gran Desierto is one in which the sediment supply for aeolian constructional events is derived from previously stored sediment (Ancestral Colorado River sediment), and contemporaneous influx from the lower Colorado River valley and coastal influx from the Bahia del Adair inlet. Aeolian constructional events are triggered by climatic shifts to greater aridity, changes in the wind regime, and the development of a sediment supply. The rate of geomorphic change within the Gran Desierto is significantly greater than the rate of subsidence and burial of the accumulation surface upon which it rests. ?? 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation 2006 International Association of Sedimentologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00814.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Beveridge, C., Kocurek, G., Ewing, R., Lancaster, N., Morthekai, P., Singhvi, A., and Mahan, S., 2006, Development of spatially diverse and complex dune-field patterns: Gran Desierto Dune Field, Sonora, Mexico: Sedimentology, v. 53, no. 6, p. 1391-1409, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00814.x.","startPage":"1391","endPage":"1409","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209753,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00814.x"},{"id":236457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0065e4b0c8380cd4f73c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beveridge, C.","contributorId":59226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beveridge","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kocurek, G.","contributorId":28005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocurek","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ewing, R.C.","contributorId":82908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lancaster, N.","contributorId":36330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lancaster","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morthekai, P.","contributorId":29188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morthekai","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Singhvi, A.K.","contributorId":64435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singhvi","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mahan, S. A. 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":94333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030921,"text":"70030921 - 2006 - Growth history of Kilauea inferred from volatile concentrations in submarine-collected basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T11:26:25","indexId":"70030921","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth history of Kilauea inferred from volatile concentrations in submarine-collected basalts","docAbstract":"Major-element and volatile (H2O, CO2, S) compositions of glasses from the submarine flanks of Kilauea Volcano record its growth from pre-shield into tholeiite shield-stage. Pillow lavas of mildly alkalic basalt at 2600–1900 mbsl on the upper slope of the south flank are an intermediate link between deeper alkalic volcaniclastics and the modern tholeiite shield. Lava clast glasses from the west flank of Papau Seamount are subaerial Mauna Loa-like tholeiite and mark the contact between the two volcanoes. H2O and CO2 in sandstone and breccia glasses from the Hilina bench, and in alkalic to tholeiitic pillow glasses above and to the east, were measured by FTIR. Volatile saturation pressures equal sampling depths (10 MPa = 1000 m water) for south flank and Puna Ridge pillow lavas, suggesting recovery near eruption depths and/or vapor re-equilibration during down-slope flow. South flank glasses are divisible into low-pressure (CO2 <40 ppm, H2O < 0.5 wt.%, S <500 ppm), moderate-pressure (CO2 <40 ppm, H2O >0.5 wt.%, S 1000–1700 ppm), and high-pressure groups (CO2 >40 ppm, S ∼1000 ppm), corresponding to eruption ≥ sea level, at moderate water depths (300–1000 m) or shallower but in disequilibrium, and in deep water (>1000 m). Saturation pressures range widely in early alkalic to strongly alkalic breccia clast and sandstone glasses, establishing that early Kīlauea's vents spanned much of Mauna Loa's submarine flank, with some vents exceeding sea level. Later south flank alkalic pillow lavas expose a sizeable submarine edifice that grew concurrent with nearby subaerial alkalic eruptions. The onset of the tholeiitic shield stage is marked by extension of eruptions eastward and into deeper water (to 5500 m) during growth of the Puna Ridge. Subaerial and shallow water eruptions from earliest Kilauea show that it is underlain shallowly by Mauna Loa, implying that Mauna Loa is larger, and Kilauea smaller, than previously recognized.
Alpersite, Mg0.58Cu0.37Zn0.02Mn0.02Fe0.01SO4·7H2O, a new mineral species with direct relevance to reactions in mine waste, occurs in a mineralogically zoned assemblage in sheltered areas at the abandoned Big Mike mine in central Nevada at a relative humidity of 65% and T = 4 °C. Blue alpersite, which is isostructural with melanterite (FeSO4·7H2O), is overlain by a light blue to white layer dominated by pickeringite, alunogen, and epsomite. X-ray diffraction data (MoKα radiation) from a single crystal of alpersite were refined in P21/c, resulting in wR = 0.05 and cell dimensions a = 14.166(4), b = 6.534(2), c = 10.838(3) Å, β = 105.922(6)°, Z = 4. Site-occupancy refinement, constrained to be consistent with the compositional data, showed Mg to occupy the M1 site and Cu the M2 site. The octahedral distortion of M2 is consistent with 72% Cu occupancy when compared with the site-distortion data of substituted melanterite.
\nCuprian pentahydrite, with the formula (Mg0.49Cu0.41Mn0.08Zn0.02)SO4·5H2O, was collected from an efflorescent rim on a depression that had held water in a large waste-rock area near Miami, Arizona. After dissolution of the efflorescence in de-ionized water, and evaporation of the supernatant liquid, alpersite precipitated and quickly dehydrated to cuprian pentahydrite. These observations are consistent with previous experimental studies of the system MgSO4-CuSO4-H2O. It is suspected that alpersite and cuprian pentahydrite are widespread in mine wastes that contain Cu-bearing sulfides, but in which solubilized Fe2+ is not available for melanterite crystallization because of oxidation to Fe3+ in surface waters of near-neutral pH. Alpersite has likely been overlooked in the past because of the close similarity of its physical properties to those of melanterite and chalcanthite. Alpersite is named after Charles N. Alpers, geochemist with the United States Geological Survey, who has made significant contributions to our understanding of the mineralogical controls of mine-water geochemistry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am.2006.1911","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Peterson, R.C., Hammarstrom, J.M., and Seal, R., 2006, Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO4·7H2O, a new mineral of the melanterite group, and cuprian pentahydrite: Their occurrence within mine waste: American Mineralogist, v. 91, no. 2-3, p. 261-269, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2006.1911.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"269","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211464,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2006.1911"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e973e4b0c8380cd482b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Ronald C.","contributorId":103070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030695,"text":"70030695 - 2006 - Acoustic stratigraphy of Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho: late Quaternary sedimentation patterns in a simple half-graben","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T09:00:24","indexId":"70030695","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic stratigraphy of Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho: late Quaternary sedimentation patterns in a simple half-graben","docAbstract":"A 277-km network of high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, supplemented with a sidescan-sonar mosaic of the lake floor, was collected in Bear Lake, Utah–Idaho, in order to explore the sedimentary framework of the lake's paleoclimate record. The acoustic stratigraphy is tied to a 120 m deep, continuously cored drill hole in the lake. Based on the age model for the drill core, the oldest continuously mapped acoustic reflector in the data set has an age of about 100 ka, although older sediments were locally imaged.
\nThe acoustic stratigraphy of the sediments below the lake indicates that the basin developed primarily as a simple half-graben, with a steep normal-fault margin on the east and a flexural margin on the west. As expected for a basin controlled by a listric master fault, seismic reflections steepen and diverge toward the fault, bounding eastward-thickening sediment wedges. Secondary normal faults west of the master fault were imaged beneath the lake and many of these faults show progressively increasing offset with depth and age. Several faults cut the youngest sediments in the lake as well as the modern lake floor. The relative simplicity of the sedimentary sequence is interrupted in the northwestern part of the basin by a unit that is interpreted as a large (4 × 10 km) paleodelta of the Bear River. The delta overlies a horizon with an age of about 97 ka, outcrops at the lake floor and is onlapped by much of the uppermost sequence of lake sediments. A feature interpreted as a wave-cut bench occurs in many places on the western side of the lake. The base of this bench occurs at a depth (22–24 m) similar to that (20–25 m) of the distal surface of the paleodelta.
\nPinch-outs of sedimentary units are common in relatively shallow water on the gentle western margin of the basin and little Holocene sediment has accumulated in water depths of less than 30 m. On the steep eastern margin of the basin, sediments commonly onlap the hanging wall of the East Bear Lake Fault. However, no major erosional or depositional features suggestive of shoreline processes were observed on acoustic profiles in water deeper than about 20–25 m.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.022","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., 2006, Acoustic stratigraphy of Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho: late Quaternary sedimentation patterns in a simple half-graben: Sedimentary Geology, v. 185, no. 1-2, p. 113-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.022.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211764,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bear Lake","volume":"185","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6a0e4b0c8380cd47545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030691,"text":"70030691 - 2006 - VP and VS structure of the Yellowstone hot spot from teleseismic tomography: Evidence for an upper mantle plume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-05T15:55:42","indexId":"70030691","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"VP and VS structure of the Yellowstone hot spot from teleseismic tomography: Evidence for an upper mantle plume","docAbstract":"The movement of the lithosphere over a stationary mantle magmatic source, often thought to be a mantle plume, explains key features of the 16 Ma Yellowstone–Snake River Plain volcanic system. However, the seismic signature of a Yellowstone plume has remained elusive because of the lack of adequate data. We employ new teleseismic P and S wave traveltime data to develop tomographic images of the Yellowstone hot spot upper mantle. The teleseismic data were recorded with two temporary seismograph arrays deployed in a 500 km by 600 km area centered on Yellowstone. Additional data from nearby regional seismic networks were incorporated into the data set. The VP and VS models reveal a strong low-velocity anomaly from ∼50 to 200 km directly beneath the Yellowstone caldera and eastern Snake River Plain, as has been imaged in previous studies. Peak anomalies are −2.3% for VP and −5.5% for VS. A weaker, anomaly with a velocity perturbation of up to −1.0% VP and −2.5% VS continues to at least 400 km depth. This anomaly dips 30° from vertical, west-northwest to a location beneath the northern Rocky Mountains. We interpret the low-velocity body as a plume of upwelling hot, and possibly wet rock, from the mantle transition zone that promotes small-scale convection in the upper ∼200 km of the mantle and long-lived volcanism. A high-velocity anomaly, 1.2%VP and 1.9% VS, is located at ∼100 to 250 km depth southeast of Yellowstone and may represent a downwelling of colder, denser mantle material.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003867","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Waite, G.P., Smith, R.B., and Allen, R.M., 2006, VP and VS structure of the Yellowstone hot spot from teleseismic tomography: Evidence for an upper mantle plume: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 4, B04303; 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003867.","productDescription":"B04303; 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb003867","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0f1e4b08c986b32a3ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, Gregory P.","contributorId":146613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waite","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16203,"text":"Michigan Technological university","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Robert B.","contributorId":90824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Richard M.","contributorId":139575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030662,"text":"70030662 - 2006 - Puhimau thermal area: a window into the upper east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T11:30:28","indexId":"70030662","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Puhimau thermal area: a window into the upper east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii?","docAbstract":"We report the results of two soil CO2 efflux surveys by the closed chamber circulation method at the Puhimau thermal area in the upper East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. The surveys were undertaken in 1996 and 1998 to constrain how much CO2 might be reaching the ERZ after degassing beneath the summit caldera and whether the Puhimau thermal area might be a significant contributor to the overall CO2 budget of Kilauea. The area was revisited in 2001 to determine the effects of surface disturbance on efflux values by the collar emplacement technique utilized in the earlier surveys. Utilizing a cutoff value of 50 g m−2 d−1 for the surrounding forest background efflux, the CO2 emission rates for the anomaly at Puhimau thermal area were 27 t d−1 in 1996 and 17 t d−1 in 1998. Water vapor was removed before analysis in all cases in order to obtain CO2 values on a dry air basis and mitigate the effect of water vapor dilution on the measurements. It is clear that Puhimau thermal area is not a significant contributor to Kilauea's CO2 output and that most of Kilauea's CO2 (8500 t d−1) is degassed at the summit, leaving only magma with its remaining stored volatiles, such as SO2, for injection down the ERZ. Because of the low CO2 emission rate and the presence of a shallow water table in the upper ERZ that effectively scrubs SO2 and other acid gases, Puhimau thermal area currently does not appear to be generally well suited for observing temporal changes in degassing at Kilauea.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-006-0036-z","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"McGee, K., Sutton, A.J., Elias, T., Doukas, M., and Gerlach, T., 2006, Puhimau thermal area: a window into the upper east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii?: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 163, no. 4, p. 837-851, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-006-0036-z.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"837","endPage":"851","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.34530639648438,\n 19.24632927300332\n ],\n [\n -155.34530639648438,\n 19.449759112405612\n ],\n [\n -154.85504150390625,\n 19.449759112405612\n ],\n [\n -154.85504150390625,\n 19.24632927300332\n ],\n [\n -155.34530639648438,\n 19.24632927300332\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"163","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9022e4b0c8380cd7fb5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, K.A.","contributorId":6059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elias, T. 0000-0002-9592-4518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":71195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doukas, M.P.","contributorId":28615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030605,"text":"70030605 - 2006 - Argon geochronology of Kilauea's early submarine history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T10:19:29","indexId":"70030605","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Argon geochronology of Kilauea's early submarine history","docAbstract":"Submarine alkalic and transitional basalts collected by submersible along Kilauea volcano's south flank represent early eruptive products from Earth's most active volcano. Strongly alkalic basalt fragments sampled from volcaniclastic deposits below the mid-slope Hilina Bench yield 40Ar/39Ar ages from 212 ± 38 to 280 ± 20 ka. These ages are similar to high-precision 234 ± 9 and 239 ± 10 ka phlogopite ages from nephelinite clasts in the same deposits. Above the mid-slope bench, two intact alkalic to transitional pillow lava sequences protrude through the younger sediment apron. Samples collected from a weakly alkalic basalt section yield 138 ± 30 to 166 ± 26 ka ages and others from a transitional basalt section yield 138 ± 115 and 228 ± 114 ka ages. The ages are incompatible with previous unspiked K–Ar studies from samples in deep drill holes along the east rift of Kilauea. The submarine birth of Kīlauea volcano is estimated at < 300 ka. If the weakly alkalic sequence we dated is representative of the volcano as a whole, the transition from alkalic to tholeiitic basalt compositions is dated at ∼ 150 ka.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.023","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Calvert, A.T., and Lanphere, M.A., 2006, Argon geochronology of Kilauea's early submarine history: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 151, no. 1-3, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.023.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaiʻi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.5,\n 19.5\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 18.8\n ],\n [\n -154.5,\n 18.8\n ],\n [\n -154.5,\n 19.5\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 19.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed75e4b0c8380cd4980a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":427820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030600,"text":"70030600 - 2006 - An evaluation of factors influencing pore pressure in accretionary complexes: Implications for taper angle and wedge mechanics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030600","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of factors influencing pore pressure in accretionary complexes: Implications for taper angle and wedge mechanics","docAbstract":"At many subduction zones, accretionary complexes form as sediment is off-scraped from the subducting plate. Mechanical models that treat accretionary complexes as critically tapered wedges of sediment demonstrate that pore pressure controls their taper angle by modifying basal and internal shear strength. Here, we combine a numerical model of groundwater flow with critical taper theory to quantify the effects of sediment and de??collement permeability, sediment thickness, sediment partitioning between accretion and underthrusting, and plate convergence rate on steady state pore pressure. Our results show that pore pressure in accretionary wedges can be viewed as a dynamically maintained response to factors which drive pore pressure (source terms) and those that limit flow (permeability and drainage path length). We find that sediment permeability and incoming sediment thickness are the most important factors, whereas fault permeability and the partitioning of sediment have a small effect. For our base case model scenario, as sediment permeability is increased, pore pressure decreases from near-lithostatic to hydrostatic values and allows stable taper angles to increase from ??? 2.5?? to 8??-12.5??. With increased sediment thickness in our models (from 100 to 8000 m), increased pore pressure drives a decrease in stable taper angle from 8.4??-12.5?? to <2.5-5??. In general, low-permeability and thick incoming sediment sustain high pore pressures consistent with shallowly tapered geometry, whereas high-permeability and thin incoming sediment should result in steep geometry. Our model results compare favorably with available data from active accretionary complexes. Active margins characterized by a significant proportion of fine-grained sediment within the incoming section, such as northern Antilles and eastern Nankai, exhibit thin taper angles, whereas those characterized by a higher proportion of sandy turbidites, such as Cascadia, Chile, and Mexico, have steep taper angles. Observations from active margins also indicate a strong trend of decreasing taper angle (from >15?? to <4??) with increased sediment thickness (from <1 to 7 km). One key implication is that hydrologic properties may strongly influence the strength of the crust in a wide range of geologic settings. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003990","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Saffer, D., and Bekins, B., 2006, An evaluation of factors influencing pore pressure in accretionary complexes: Implications for taper angle and wedge mechanics: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003990.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477417,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb003990","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211961,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003990"},{"id":239351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea4be4b0c8380cd4876d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saffer, D.M.","contributorId":72945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saffer","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030595,"text":"70030595 - 2006 - Sediment yield and runoff frequency of small drainage basins in the Mojave Desert, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T15:28:38.070868","indexId":"70030595","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment yield and runoff frequency of small drainage basins in the Mojave Desert, U.S.A","docAbstract":"Sediment yield from small arid basins, particularly in the Mojave Desert, is largely unknown owing to the ephemeral nature of these fluvial systems and long recurrence interval of flow events. We examined 27 reservoirs in the northern and eastern Mojave Desert that trapped sediment from small (< 1 km2) drainage basins on alluvial fans over the past 100 yr, calculated annual sediment yield, and estimated the average recurrence interval (RI) of sediment-depositing flow events. These reservoirs formed where railbeds crossed and blocked channels, causing sediment to be trapped and stored upslope. Deposits are temporally constrained by the date of railway construction (1906–1910), the presence of 137Cs in the reservoir profile (post-1952 sediment), and either 1993, when some basins breached during regional flooding, or 2000–2001, when stratigraphic analyses were performed. Reservoir deposits are well stratified at most sites and have distinct fining-upward couplets indicative of discrete episodes of sediment-bearing runoff. Average RI of runoff events for these basins ranges from 2.6 to 7.3 yr and reflects the incidence of either intense or prolonged rainfall; more than half the runoff events occurred before 1963. A period of above-normal precipitation, from 1905 to 1941, may have increased runoff frequency in these basins. Mean sediment yield (9 to 48 tons km− 2 yr− 1) is an order of magnitude smaller than sediment yields calculated elsewhere and may be limited by reduced storm intensity, the presence of desert pavement, and shallow gradient of fan surfaces. Sediment yield decreases as drainage area increases, a trend typical of much larger drainage basins where sediment-transport processes constrain sediment yield. Coarse substrate and low-angle slopes of these alluvial fan surfaces likely limit sediment transport capacity through transmission losses and channel storage.
This study was designed to determine fish health impairment of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to chromium. Juvenile Chinook salmon were exposed to aqueous chromium concentrations (0–266 μg l−1) that have been documented in porewater from bottom sediments and in well waters near salmon spawning areas in the Columbia River in the northwestern United States. After Chinook salmon parr were exposed to 24 and 54 μg Cr l−1 for 105 days, neither growth nor survival of parr was affected. On day 105, concentrations were increased from 24 to 120 μg Cr l−1and from 54 to 266 μg Cr l−1 until the end of the experiment on day 134. Weight of parr was decreased in the 24/120 μg Cr l−1 treatment, and survival was decreased in the 54/266 μg Cr l−1 treatment. Fish health was significantly impaired in both the 24/120 and 54/266 μg Cr l−1 treatments. The kidney is the target organ during chromium exposures through the water column. The kidneys of fish exposed to the greatest concentrations of chromium had gross and microscopic lesions (e.g. necrosis of cells lining kidney tububules) and products of lipid peroxidation were elevated. These changes were associated with elevated concentrations of chromium in the kidney, and reduced growth and survival. Also, variations in DNA in the blood were associated with pathological changes in the kidney and spleen. These changes suggest that chromium accumulates and enters the lipid peroxidation pathway where fatty acid damage and DNA damage (expressed as chromosome changes) occur to cause cell death and tissue damage. While most of the physiological malfunctions occurred following parr exposures to concentrations ≥120 μg Cr l−1, nuclear DNA damage followed exposures to 24 μg Cr l−1, which was the smallest concentration tested. The abnormalities measured during this study are particularly important because they are associated with impaired growth and reduced survival at concentrations ≥120 μg Cr l−1. Therefore, these changes can be used to investigate the health of resident fish in natural waters with high chromium concentrations as well as provide insight into the mechanisms of chromium toxicity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.011","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Farag, A., May, T., Marty, G., Easton, M., Harper, D., Little, E.E., and Cleveland, L., 2006, The effect of chronic chromium exposure on the health of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 246-257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.011.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211843,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.011"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab1be4b08c986b322c11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, T.","contributorId":16218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marty, G.D.","contributorId":61240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marty","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Easton, M.","contributorId":39192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Easton","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harper, D.D.","contributorId":82526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":427779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cleveland, L.","contributorId":82084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030462,"text":"70030462 - 2006 - Studies on stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Colorado with eastern faunal affinities, including a new state record of the midwestern salmonfly, Pteronarcys pictetii hagen (Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030462","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3152,"text":"Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies on stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Colorado with eastern faunal affinities, including a new state record of the midwestern salmonfly, Pteronarcys pictetii hagen (Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae)","docAbstract":"Pteronarcys pictetii Hagen nymphs were collected and reared from the South Platte River at Julesburg in eastern Colorado. Including P. pictetii, eight species are now known from Colorado that exhibit eastern North American affinities, Paracapnia angulata Hanson, Taeniopteryx burksi Ricker and Ross, Taeniopteryx parvula Banks, Acroneuria abnormis (Newman), Perlesta decipiens (Walsh), Isoperla bilineata (Say), and Isoperla marlynia (Needham and Claassen). A brief discussion of the dispersal of these species into Colorado is presented.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00138797","usgsCitation":"Zuellig, R., Kondratieff, B., and Hood, R., 2006, Studies on stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Colorado with eastern faunal affinities, including a new state record of the midwestern salmonfly, Pteronarcys pictetii hagen (Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae): Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, v. 108, no. 2, p. 335-340.","startPage":"335","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9cbde4b08c986b31d4a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zuellig, R.E.","contributorId":37045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kondratieff, B.C.","contributorId":103230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kondratieff","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hood, R.W.","contributorId":56775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030459,"text":"70030459 - 2006 - Ground-water surface-water interactions and long-term change in riverine riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030459","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground-water surface-water interactions and long-term change in riverine riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Riverine riparian vegetation has changed throughout the southwestern United States, prompting concern about losses of habitat and biodiversity. Woody riparian vegetation grows in a variety of geomorphic settings ranging from bedrock-lined channels to perennial streams crossing deep alluvium and is dependent on interaction between ground-water and surface-water resources. Historically, few reaches in Arizona, southern Utah, or eastern California below 1530 m elevation had closed gallery forests of cottonwood and willow; instead, many alluvial reaches that now support riparian gallery forests once had marshy grasslands and most bedrock canyons were essentially barren. Repeat photography using more than 3000 historical images of rivers indicates that riparian vegetation has increased over much of the region. These increases appear to be related to several factors, notably the reduction in beaver populations by trappers in the 19th century, downcutting of arroyos that drained alluvial aquifers between 1880 and 1910, the frequent recurrence of winter floods during discrete periods of the 20th century, an increased growing season, and stable ground-water levels. Reductions in riparian vegetation result from agricultural clearing, excessive ground-water use, complete flow diversion, and impoundment of reservoirs. Elimination of riparian vegetation occurs either where high ground-water use lowers the water table below the rooting depth of riparian species, where base flow is completely diverted, or both. We illustrate regional changes using case histories of the San Pedro and Santa Cruz Rivers, which are adjacent watersheds in southern Arizona with long histories of water development and different trajectories of change in riparian vegetation.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.022","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Webb, R.H., and Leake, S.A., 2006, Ground-water surface-water interactions and long-term change in riverine riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States, in Journal of Hydrology, v. 320, no. 3-4, p. 302-323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.022.","startPage":"302","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211955,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.022"},{"id":239344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"320","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2d67e4b0c8380cd5bec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, R. H.","contributorId":13648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028377,"text":"70028377 - 2006 - Mechanical deformation model of the western United States instantaneous strain-rate field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028377","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanical deformation model of the western United States instantaneous strain-rate field","docAbstract":"We present a relationship between the long-term fault slip rates and instantaneous velocities as measured by Global Positioning System (GPS) or other geodetic measurements over a short time span. The main elements are the secularly increasing forces imposed by the bounding Pacific and Juan de Fuca (JdF) plates on the North American plate, viscoelastic relaxation following selected large earthquakes occurring on faults that are locked during their respective interseismic periods, and steady slip along creeping portions of faults in the context of a thin-plate system. In detail, the physical model allows separate treatments of faults with known geometry and slip history, faults with incomplete characterization (i.e. fault geometry but not necessarily slip history is available), creeping faults, and dislocation sources distributed between the faults. We model the western United States strain-rate field, derived from 746 GPS velocity vectors, in order to test the importance of the relaxation from historic events and characterize the tectonic forces imposed by the bounding Pacific and JdF plates. Relaxation following major earthquakes (M ??? 8.0) strongly shapes the present strain-rate field over most of the plate boundary zone. Equally important are lateral shear transmitted across the Pacific-North America plate boundary along ???1000 km of the continental shelf, downdip forces distributed along the Cascadia subduction interface, and distributed slip in the lower lithosphere. Post-earthquake relaxation and tectonic forcing, combined with distributed deep slip, constructively interfere near the western margin of the plate boundary zone, producing locally large strain accumulation along the San Andreas fault (SAF) system. However, they destructively interfere further into the plate interior, resulting in smaller and more variable strain accumulation patterns in the eastern part of the plate boundary zone. Much of the right-lateral strain accumulation along the SAF system is systematically underpredicted by models which account only for relaxation from known large earthquakes. This strongly suggests that in addition to viscoelastic-cycle effects, steady deep slip in the lower lithosphere is needed to explain the observed strain-rate field. ?? 2006 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2006 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03019.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., and Vergnolle, M., 2006, Mechanical deformation model of the western United States instantaneous strain-rate field: Geophysical Journal International, v. 167, no. 1, p. 421-444, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03019.x.","startPage":"421","endPage":"444","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477511,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2006.03019.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210407,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03019.x"},{"id":237313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5359e4b0c8380cd6ca09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vergnolle, M.","contributorId":18158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vergnolle","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028434,"text":"70028434 - 2006 - Emplacement of subaerial pahoehoe lava sheet flows into water: 1990 Kūpaianaha flow of Kilauea volcano at Kaimū Bay, Hawai`i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-05T16:58:02","indexId":"70028434","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emplacement of subaerial pahoehoe lava sheet flows into water: 1990 Kūpaianaha flow of Kilauea volcano at Kaimū Bay, Hawai`i","docAbstract":"Episode 48 of the ongoing eruption of Kilauea, Hawai`i, began in July 1986 and continuously extruded lava for the next 5.5 years from a low shield, Kūpaianaha. The flows in March 1990 headed for Kalapana and inundated the entire town under 15–25 m of lava by the end of August. As the flows advanced eastward, they entered into Kaimū Bay, replacing it with a plain of lava that extends 300 m beyond the original shoreline. The focus of our study is the period from August 1 to October 31, 1990, when the lava buried almost 406,820 m2 of the 5-m deep bay. When lava encountered the sea, it flowed along the shoreline as a narrow primary lobe up to 400 m long and 100 m wide, which in turn inflated to a thickness of 5–6 m. The flow direction of the primary lobes was controlled by the submerged delta below the lavas and by damming up lavas fed at low extrusion rates. Breakout flows through circumferential and axial inflation cracks on the inflating primary lobes formed smaller secondary lobes, burying the lows between the primary lobes and hiding their original outlines. Inflated flow lobes eventually ruptured at proximal and/or distal ends as well as mid-points between the two ends, feeding new primary lobes which were emplaced along and on the shore side of the previously inflated lobes. The flow lobes mapped with the aid of aerial photographs were correlated with daily observations of the growing flow field, and 30 primary flow lobes were dated. Excluding the two repose periods that intervened while the bay was filled, enlargement of the flow field took place at a rate of 2,440–22,640 square meters per day in the bay. Lobe thickness was estimated to be up to 11 m on the basis of cross sections of selected lobes measured using optical measurement tools, measuring tape and hand level. The total flow-lobe volume added in the bay during August 1–October 31 was approximately 3.95 million m3, giving an average supply rate of 0.86 m3/s.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-006-0059-4","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Umino, S., Nonaka, M., and Kauahikaua, J.P., 2006, Emplacement of subaerial pahoehoe lava sheet flows into water: 1990 Kūpaianaha flow of Kilauea volcano at Kaimū Bay, Hawai`i: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 69, no. 2, p. 125-139, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-006-0059-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"139","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.050048828125,\n 19.30595917262483\n ],\n [\n -155.050048828125,\n 19.41673522857577\n ],\n [\n -154.90036010742188,\n 19.41673522857577\n ],\n [\n -154.90036010742188,\n 19.30595917262483\n ],\n [\n -155.050048828125,\n 19.30595917262483\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0913e4b0c8380cd51dbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Umino, Susumu","contributorId":42773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Umino","given":"Susumu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nonaka, Miyuki","contributorId":62012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nonaka","given":"Miyuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauahikaua, James P. 0000-0003-3777-503X jimk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":2146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"James","email":"jimk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":418033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028455,"text":"70028455 - 2006 - Fish community structure in freshwater karstic water bodies of the Sian Ka'an Reserve in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028455","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1968,"text":"Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish community structure in freshwater karstic water bodies of the Sian Ka'an Reserve in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico","docAbstract":"We evaluated the relationship between limnetic characteristics and fish community structure (based on species richness, abundance and individual size) in contrasting but interconnected inland aquatic habitats of freshwater karstic wetlands in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico. In the western hemisphere, freshwater karstic wetlands are found in south-eastern Mexico, northern Belize, western Cuba, Andros Island, Bahamas and the Everglades of southern Florida. Only in the Everglades have fish communities been well described. Karstic wetlands are typically oligotrophic because calcium carbonate binds phosphorus, making it relatively unavailable for plants. Fourteen permanent and seasonally flooded water bodies were sampled in both wet and dry seasons in Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. Water systems were divided by morphology in four groups: cenotes with vegetation (CWV), cenotes without vegetation (CNV), wetlands (WTL), and temporal cenotes (TPC). Discriminant analysis based on physical characteristics such as turbidity, temperature, depth and oxygen confirmed that these habitats differed in characteristics known to influence fish communities. A sample-based rarefaction test showed that species richness was significantly different between water systems groups, showing that WTL and CWV had higher richness values than CNV and TPC. The most abundant fish families, Poeciliidae, Cichlidae and Characidae, differed significantly in average size among habitats and seasons. Seasonal and inter-annual variation, reflecting temporal variation in rainfall, strongly influenced the environmental differences between shallow and deep habitats, which could be linked to fish size and life cycles. Five new records of species were found for the reserve, and one new record for Quintana Roo state. ?? 2006 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09369902","usgsCitation":"Zambrano, L., Vazquez-Dominguez, E., Garcia-Bedoya, D., Loftus, W., and Trexler, J., 2006, Fish community structure in freshwater karstic water bodies of the Sian Ka'an Reserve in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico: Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, v. 17, no. 3, p. 193-206.","startPage":"193","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a108be4b0c8380cd53cf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zambrano, L.","contributorId":17034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zambrano","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vazquez-Dominguez, E.","contributorId":10600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez-Dominguez","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia-Bedoya, D.","contributorId":42771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia-Bedoya","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trexler, J.C.","contributorId":23108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trexler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028355,"text":"70028355 - 2006 - Local thickening of the Cascadia forearc crust and the origin of seismic reflectors in the uppermost mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T15:13:21","indexId":"70028355","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local thickening of the Cascadia forearc crust and the origin of seismic reflectors in the uppermost mantle","docAbstract":"Seismic reflection profiles from three different surveys of the Cascadia forearc are interpreted using P wave velocities and relocated hypocentres, which were both derived from the first arrival travel time inversion of wide-angle seismic data and local earthquakes. The subduction decollement, which is characterized beneath the continental shelf by a reflection of 0.5 s duration, can be traced landward into a large duplex structure in the lower forearc crust near southern Vancouver Island. Beneath Vancouver Island, the roof thrust of the duplex is revealed by a 5–12 km thick zone, identified previously as the E reflectors, and the floor thrust is defined by a short duration reflection from a < 2-km-thick interface at the top of the subducting plate. We show that another zone of reflectors exists east of Vancouver Island that is approximately 8 km thick, and identified as the D reflectors. These overlie the E reflectors; together the two zones define the landward part of the duplex. The combined zones reach depths as great as 50 km. The duplex structure extends for more than 120 km perpendicular to the margin, has an along-strike extent of 80 km, and at depths between 30 km and 50 km the duplex structure correlates with a region of anomalously deep seismicity, where velocities are less than 7000 m s− 1. We suggest that these relatively low velocities indicate the presence of either crustal rocks from the oceanic plate that have been underplated to the continent or crustal rocks from the forearc that have been transported downward by subduction erosion. The absence of seismicity from within the E reflectors implies that they are significantly weaker than the overlying crust, and the reflectors may be a zone of active ductile shear. In contrast, seismicity in parts of the D reflectors can be interpreted to mean that ductile shearing no longer occurs in the landward part of the duplex. Merging of the D and E reflectors at 42–46 km depth creates reflectivity in the uppermost mantle with a vertical thickness of at least 15 km. We suggest that pervasive reflectivity in the upper mantle elsewhere beneath Puget Sound and the Strait of Georgia arises from similar shear zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.021","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Calvert, A., Ramachandran, K., Kao, H., and Fisher, M.A., 2006, Local thickening of the Cascadia forearc crust and the origin of seismic reflectors in the uppermost mantle: Tectonophysics, v. 420, no. 1-2, p. 175-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.021.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210159,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.021"},{"id":236995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia forearc","volume":"420","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48e7e4b0c8380cd681fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvert, A.J.","contributorId":16614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramachandran, K.","contributorId":71735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramachandran","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kao, H.","contributorId":53585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kao","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}