{"pageNumber":"2260","pageRowStart":"56475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68869,"records":[{"id":2000146,"text":"2000146 - 1979 - Distribution and status of marine birds breeding along the coasts of the Chukchi and Bering seas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-11T10:50:01","indexId":"2000146","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":74,"text":"Research Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"11","title":"Distribution and status of marine birds breeding along the coasts of the Chukchi and Bering seas","docAbstract":"The Alaska coast fronting on the Chukchi and Bering seas, exclusive of the Aleutian Islands, supports seven complexes of marine bird colonies numbering more than 1 million birds each, nine colonies of 100,000 to almost 1 million birds, and many smaller colonies. Colonies are found on most headlands and islands and are dominated numerically by alcids and kittiwakes (Rissa sp.). Estuarine habitats (mainly the lowlands of northern Seward Peninsula, Yukon-Kuskokwim delta, and the north side of the Alaska Peninsula) are extremely important for breeding and migrating marine waterfowl, shorebirds, gulls (Larus sp.), and terns (Sterna sp.). Information on population size and distribution of breeding marine birds within this area is extensive for only a few of the more heavily hunted species of waterfowl. Except for the intensive and systematic censusing of a few colonies in this region, population data on cliff-, burrow-, and crevice-nesting birds are such that all but gross changes in numbers may go unnoticed, and if noticed they could not be measured.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation of marine birds of northern North America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Bartonek, J., and Sealy, S., 1979, Distribution and status of marine birds breeding along the coasts of the Chukchi and Bering seas: Research Report 11, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6495c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartonek, James C.","contributorId":38085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartonek","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sealy, S.G.","contributorId":59908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sealy","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007420,"text":"1007420 - 1979 - Population differentiation along a flood frequency gradient: Physiological adaptations to flooding in Nyssa sylvatica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-11T16:55:23.563983","indexId":"1007420","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population differentiation along a flood frequency gradient: Physiological adaptations to flooding in Nyssa sylvatica","docAbstract":"<p><span>Throughout the southeastern United States the hardwood Nyssa sylvatica (sensu lato) is distributed along a soil moisture gradient from upland sites, which are never flooded, to floodplains, which are periodically flooded and drained to permanently flooded swamps. Population differentiation with respect to flood tolerance and related physiological attributes was investigated using 1—year—old seedlings grown in a greenhouse from seed collected along this gradient. Upland plants were very intolerant of flooded soils. Their root systems deteriorated, root respiration rates dropped and, after a year under such conditions, survival was poor and those that did remain were greatly stunted and had accumulated large concentrations of many nutrient elements. In contrast swamp plants were quite tolerant of flooded soils. Upon flooding, parts of the orginal root system were lost but new roots were initiated which had an increased capacity for alcoholic fermentation. Many of these new roots were more succulent, larger in diameter, and less branched than drained roots. Such succulent roots however were only a temporary response to short—term flooding; plants flooded for a year did not have such roots, rather the root system superficially resembled drained roots. Concomitant with this return to drained—like roots was an increase in internal oxygen transport to the roots and a drop in alcoholic fermentation. Floodplain plants under drained conditions allocated less biomass to roots than to shoots and had high respiration rates, traits similar to upland plants. Under flooded conditions they initiated new roots with medium respiration rates, allocated less biomass to roots than to shoots, significantly increased oxygen transport to the roots and had high survival, traits similar to swamp plants. Thus, the floodplain population produced a distinctly flood—tolerant phenotype; but not nearly as tolerant of flooded conditions as the swamp phenotype. Floodplain plants differed from swamp plants in transporting less oxygen to the roots under drained conditions, initiating fewer succulent—type roots and not accelerating alcoholic fermentation upon flooding and after a year under flooded conditions having less total biomass, less oxygen transport to the roots and a greater accumulation of Fe and Mn in the roots. The floodplain plants apparently have been selected to be similar to upland plants under drained conditions and swamp plants under flooding and one consequence of this is that their tolerance of flooded conditions is intermediate. It is argued that one of the more important trade—offs in adapting to flooded conditions is that high internal oxygen transport carries with it a ‘cost’ in terms of excessive water loss under water stress conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1942574","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 1979, Population differentiation along a flood frequency gradient: Physiological adaptations to flooding in Nyssa sylvatica: Ecological Monographs, v. 49, p. 89-108, https://doi.org/10.2307/1942574.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130442,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6841be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":315306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2001081,"text":"2001081 - 1979 - Ethyl-p-aminobenzoate (Benzocaine): efficacy as an anesthetic for five species of freshwater fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:02","indexId":"2001081","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":39,"text":"Investigations in Fish Control","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"87","title":"Ethyl-p-aminobenzoate (Benzocaine): efficacy as an anesthetic for five species of freshwater fish","docAbstract":"Ethyl-p-aminobenzoate (benzocaine) was tested for its efficacy as an anesthetic for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii, brown trout (Salmo truttas, northern pike (Esox lucius). carp (Cyprinus carpio), and largemouth bass (Mieropterus salmoidesi. Since benzocaine is not water soluble, it was applied with acetone as a carrier. Concentrations of 100 to 200 mg!l were required for large adult northern pike, compared with 50 to 100 mg/l for small fish. Rates of sedation and recovery were slower in cold water than in warm water. Water hardness had little influence on the activity of benzocaine. Fish were anesthetized faster and recovered more slowly in acid than in alkaline water. Benzocaine produced deep anesthesia, but concentrations that rendered the fish handleable within 5 min were generally not safe for exposures longer than 15 min. Concentrations of benzocaine efficacious for fish were not acutely toxic to eggs of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshauiytschas, rainbow trout, brown trout, or lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Benzocaine is not registered for fishery use and is neither more effective nor safer than the registered anesthetic, tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222l.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","usgsCitation":"Dawson, V.K., and Gilderhus, P., 1979, Ethyl-p-aminobenzoate (Benzocaine): efficacy as an anesthetic for five species of freshwater fish: Investigations in Fish Control 87, 5.","productDescription":"5","startPage":"0","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb15d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilderhus, P.A.","contributorId":60156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilderhus","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2000109,"text":"2000109 - 1979 - Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-21T14:30:38","indexId":"2000109","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"79/31","title":"Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","docAbstract":"This classification, to be used in a new inventory of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States, is intended to describe ecological taxa, arrange them in a system useful to resource managers, furnish units for mapping, and provide uniformity of concepts and terms. Wetlands are defined by plants (hydrophytes), soils (hydric soils), and frequency of flooding. Ecologically related areas of deep water, traditionally not considered wetlands, are included in the classification as deepwater habitats.Systems form the highest level of the classification hierarchy; five are defined--Marine, Estuarine, Riverine, Lacustrine, and Palustrine. Marine and Estuarine systems each have two subsystems, Subtidal and Intertidal; the Riverine system has four subsystems, Tidal, Lower Perennial, Upper Perennial, and Intermittent; the Lacustrine has two, Littoral and Limnetic; and the Palustrine has no subsystem.Within the subsystems, classes are based on substrate material and flooding regime, or on vegetative life form. The same classes may appear under one or more of the systems or subsystems. Six classes are based on substrate and flooding regime: (1) Rock Bottom with a substrate of bedrock, boulders, or stones; (2) Unconsolidated Bottom with a substrate of cobbles, gravel, sand, mud, or organic material; (3) Rocky Shore with the same substrate as Rock Bottom; (4) Unconsolidated Shore with the same substrate as Unconsolidated Bottom; (5) Streambed with any of the substrates; and (6) Reef with a substrate composed of the living and dead remains of invertebrates (corals, mollusks, or worms). The bottom classes, (1) and (2) above, are flooded all or most of the time and the shore classes, (3) and (4), are exposed most of the time. The class Streambed is restricted to channels of intermittent streams and tidal channels that are dewatered at low tide. The life form of the dominant vegetation defines the five classes based on vegetative form: (1) Aquatic Bed, dominated by plants that grow principally on or below the surface of the water; (2) Moss-Lichen Wetland, dominated by mosses or lichens; (3) Emergent Wetland, dominated by emergent herbaceous angiosperms; (4) Scrub-Shrub Wetland, dominated by shrubs or small trees; and (5) Forested Wetland, dominated by large trees.The dominance type, which is named for the dominant plant or animal forms, is the lowest level of the classification hierarchy. Only examples are provided for this level; dominance types must be developed by individual users of the classification.Modifying terms applied to the classes or subclasses are essential for use of the system. In tidal areas, the type and duration of flooding are described by four water regime modifiers: subtidal, irregularly exposed, regularly flooded, and irregularly flooded. In nontidal areas, six regimes are used: permanently flooded, intermittently exposed, semipermanently flooded, seasonally flooded, saturated, temporarily flooded, intermittently flooded, and artificially flooded. A hierarchical system of water chemistry modifiers, adapted from the Venice System, is used to describe the salinity of the water. Fresh waters are further divided on the basis of pH. Use of a hierarchical system of soil modifiers taken directly from U.S. soil taxonomy is also required. Special modifiers are used where appropriate: excavated, impounded, diked, partly drained, farmed, and artificial.Regional differences important to wetland ecology are described through a regionalization that combines a system developed for inland areas by R. G. Bailey in 1976 with our Marine and Estuarine provinces.The structure of the classification allows it to be used at any of several hierarchical levels. Special data required for detailed application of the system are frequently unavailable, and thus data gathering may be prerequisite to classification. Development of rules by the user will be required for specific map scales. Dominance types and relationships of plant and animal co","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L., Carter, V., Golet, F., and LaRoe, E., 1979, Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States: FWS/OBS 79/31, 103 p.","productDescription":"103 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11908,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Documents/Classification-of-Wetlands-and-Deepwater-Habitats-of-the-United-States.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, V.","contributorId":61115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golet, F.C.","contributorId":32124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golet","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaRoe, E.T.","contributorId":103766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1013609,"text":"1013609 - 1979 - Induction of antibody-producing cells in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, by flush exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-04T16:43:41.581925","indexId":"1013609","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Induction of antibody-producing cells in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, by flush exposure","docAbstract":"<p><span>Splenic antibody-producing cells were produced by rainbow trout that had been exposed to O-antigens extracted from&nbsp;</span><i>Yersinia ruckeri</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;by adding the concentrated antigen preparation directly into the water of the tank holding the fish for a flush exposure. This method was compared with the proven techniques of exposure: intraperitoneal injection or a 2 minute immersion of the fish in the antigen preparation. Dosage experiments showed that the production of antibody-producing cells was induced by the immersion of trout for 2 minutes in water with 5.0 μg/ml-1 (or more) with the&nbsp;</span><i>Y. ruckeri</i><span>&nbsp;O-antigen, or 500 μg ml-1 (or more) of the&nbsp;</span><i>A. salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;O-antigen. Similar differences were evident when the respective antigens were added directly to the water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.1979.tb03611.x","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.P., Roberson, B., and Dixon, O.W., 1979, Induction of antibody-producing cells in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, by flush exposure: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 15, no. 3, p. 317-322, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1979.tb03611.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132228,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberson, B.S.","contributorId":103986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberson","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, O. W.","contributorId":101588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2000011,"text":"2000011 - 1979 - Annotated list of the fishes of the Lake Ontario watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:00","indexId":"2000011","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":222,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"36","title":"Annotated list of the fishes of the Lake Ontario watershed","docAbstract":"This annotated list of the fishes of Lake Ontario and its watershed is based on published distribution records, museum collections, and reports of fish surveys that confirm the occurrence of fish species dating back to the 1850's. It includes 130 forms (129 spp. + the hybrid splake), 20 of which have disappeared or are extremely rare today. Considering species present only in the lake proper, 64 were reported in 1929, and 51 of those remained in 1972-73 (13 having disappeared). Seventeen species and the splake are fishes not known to have occurred in the lake in 1929 or were introduced since then. A list of 86 references pertinent to the study of the fish fauna of the watershed is given. The present list, started in 1972, includes some information from as late as 1976.","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Crossman, E.J., and Van Meter, H.D., 1979, Annotated list of the fishes of the Lake Ontario watershed: Technical Report 36, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92051,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/TechReports/Tr36.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bc9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crossman, Edwin J.","contributorId":42678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crossman","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Meter, Harry D.","contributorId":36887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Meter","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001439,"text":"1001439 - 1979 - Second North Dakota record of Louisiana waterthrush","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T10:59:05","indexId":"1001439","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Second North Dakota record of Louisiana waterthrush","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Faanes, C.A., 1979, Second North Dakota record of Louisiana waterthrush: Prairie Naturalist, v. 11, no. 3, p. 91-92.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685fad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faanes, C. A.","contributorId":8790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faanes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003355,"text":"1003355 - 1979 - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of Bayer 73 in fish, aquatic invertebrates, mud, and water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-03T15:50:42.011386","indexId":"1003355","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2533,"text":"Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of Bayer 73 in fish, aquatic invertebrates, mud, and water","docAbstract":"<p><span>A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method is described for determining residues of Bayer 73 (2-aminoethanol salt of 2’,5-dichloro-4’-nitrosalicylanilide) in fish muscle, aquatic invertebrates, mud, and water by analyzing for 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline (CNA), a hydrolysis product of Bayer 73. Bayer 73 residues are extracted from fish muscle tissue, invertebrates, and mud with acetone-formic acid (98+2), and partitioned from water samples with chloroform. After sample cleanup by solvent and acid-base partitioning, the concentrated extract is hydrolyzed with 2</span><i>N</i><span>&nbsp;NaOH and H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;for 10 min at 95°C. The CNA is then partitioned into hexane-ethyl ether (7+3) and determined by electron capture GLC. Average recoveries were 88% for fish, 82% for invertebrates, 82% for mud, and 98% for water at 3 or more fortification levels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jaoac/62.5.1141","usgsCitation":"Luhning, C., Harman, P., Sills, J., Dawson, V.K., and Allen, J.L., 1979, Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of Bayer 73 in fish, aquatic invertebrates, mud, and water: Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, v. 62, no. 5, p. 1141-1145, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/62.5.1141.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1145","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luhning, C.W.","contributorId":76682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luhning","given":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harman, P.D.","contributorId":56595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harman","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sills, J.B.","contributorId":55380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sills","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, J. L.","contributorId":49295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185412,"text":"70185412 - 1979 - Pomarine jaeger preys on adult black-legged kittiwake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T11:09:46","indexId":"70185412","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pomarine jaeger preys on adult black-legged kittiwake","docAbstract":"<p>On 5 June 1977, while on a cruise in the decomposing pack ice in the Bering Sea, we observed a light phase Pomarine Jaeger (<i>Stercorarius pomarinus</i>) attack, kill and feed on an adult Black-legged Kittiwake (<i>Rissa tridactyla</i>), 1 of approximately 10 individuals within 20 m of the ship's stern. We did not observe the birds until 1 min after the initial attack and do not know if the kittiwake was sitting or flying. No food was visible in the kittiwake's bill at the start of our observations nor was it observed regurgitating its stomach contents after the attack. During the first 5 min the kittiwake managed to become airborne a number of times but the jaeger maintained its hold and forced it back to the water. After 5 min the jaeger began to submerge the kittiwake's head, still holding it by the neck. Because of the kittiwake's struggling, the jaeger was unable to hold it under for more than 5 sec at a time. For the next 15 min it continued to submerge the victim's head, lift it out of the water, and then submerge it again. When it held the kittiwake under water, it kept both feet on its lower neck; this may have helped keep the head submerged. In the last 5 min of this activity, when the kittiwake offered little resistance, the jaeger occasionally used only its feet to push it under water. Other kittiwakes remained in the area, a few swimming within 2 m of the 2 birds. No attempt was made to mob the jaeger.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Divoky, G.J., Oakley, K.L., and Huber, H., 1979, Pomarine jaeger preys on adult black-legged kittiwake: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 91, no. 2, p. 329-329.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"329","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wjoonline.org/?code=wors-site","text":"Journal's Homepage"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b9be4b0236b68f829b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Divoky, George J.","contributorId":100912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Divoky","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oakley, Karen L. koakley@usgs.gov","contributorId":747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"Karen","email":"koakley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huber, H.R.","contributorId":63341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185096,"text":"70185096 - 1979 - Tufted Puffins nesting in estuarine habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:35:48","indexId":"70185096","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tufted Puffins nesting in estuarine habitat","docAbstract":"<p>The Tufted Puffin (<i>Lunda cirrhata</i>) apparently has the most extensive breeding distribution of any North Pacific seabird, extending in the western North Pacific from Hokkaido to the north Chukotsk Peninsula on the Chukchi Sea, and in North America from Cape Lisburne on the Chukchi Sea, south to the Farallon Islands off central California (Udvardy 1963). Despite this wide breeding distribution, the reported nesting habitat is generally restricted to steep, rocky islands and continental headlands (see Dement’ev and Gladkov 1951, Kozlova 1957, Gabrielson and Lincoln 1959, Portenko 1973, Sealy 1973, and Sowls et al. 1978). Nests are typically excavated in steep slopes and/or on vegetated plateaus, well above normal tidal influence but occasionally within the spray or storm-wash zone. Nowhere has <i>L. cirrhata</i> or any other puffin species been reported to nest in a flat, estuarine habitat in substrate normally affected by tides during the breeding season. Portenko (1973: 137) refers to Tufted Puffins breeding on Alyumka Island in the Anadyr \"estuary\" (64°40'N, 177°37'E), but Alyumka Island is a rocky coastal island having immediate offshore waters between 3-18 m deep (A.A. Kistchinski, The Ringing Center, Moscow, and George Tyner, U.S. Defense Mapping Agency, pers. comm.).</p><p>During the summers of 1976, 1977, and 1978, we found 14-18 pairs of Tufted Puffins nesting on 4 narrow sand islands (5-7 ha each) along the northcentral Alaska Peninsula at Nelson Lagoon (56°00'N, 161°10'W). As of June 1979, 25 active burrows had been reported there (Margaret R. Petersen, pers. comm.). The islands lie approximately 1.3 km from the Bering Sea coast and are protected from the sea by a long, narrow (0.5 kin) sand peninsula. The main deepwater channel in the lagoon, 3-7 m deep and 100-300 m wide at mean low water (MLW), separates the islands from the peninsula. The islands, which are free of permafrost, have a uniformly low profile with the highest elevation 1-2 m above mean high water (MHW) (Fig. 1). Each island is circumscribed by a gently sloping (&lt;5°), narrow (5-15 m) sand/gravel beach that graduates at MLW to intertidal mud- and sandflats. These are extensive on the south and southeast sides (several hundred m) and relatively narrow (10-20 m) on the north and northwest or channel sides. The banks of each island are moderate to near vertical in slope. Puffin burrows face the channel, are located at or near the vegetation/beach interface, and extend into the bank horizontally or slightly downward. Beach rye (<i>Elymus arenarius mollis</i>) grows over most of each island and is used as nesting cover by several hundred Glaucous-winged Gulls (<i>Larus glaucescens</i>) and lesser numbers of Common Eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima v-nigra</i>). Predation by gulls on puffin eggs or chicks was not observed, nor did we see gulls rob food from adult puffins returning to their burrows from foraging in the Bering Sea (cf. Nettleship 1972). Puffins were never observed feeding in the lagoon.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and Sanger, G.A., 1979, Tufted Puffins nesting in estuarine habitat: The Auk, v. 96, no. 4, p. 792-794.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"792","endPage":"794","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337556,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://americanornithologypubs.org/page/access","text":"Publisher's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nelson Lagoon","volume":"96","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90130e4b0849ce97abd71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanger, Gerald A.","contributorId":10660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanger","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184462,"text":"70184462 - 1979 - Dispersal and migratory patterns of San Francisco Bay produced herons, egrets, and terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:36:01","indexId":"70184462","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dispersal and migratory patterns of San Francisco Bay produced herons, egrets, and terns","docAbstract":"<p>San Francisco Bay, California, including its fringing marshes, supports a large and diverse water related avifauna (Grinnell and Wythe 19271 Sibley 1952, Gill 1973, 1977). Certain of man's alterations of the Bay's shallower wetlands have resulted in increased habitat diversity which has allowed colonization by several species of birds including some colonial nesting species. The extensive dikes associated with salt production and some areas of higher ground created by dredge spoils have provided increased tide-free substratum, some of it insular, suitable for nesting. The resulting numbers of Snowy Egrets (<i>Egretta thula)</i>, Black-crowned Night Herons (<i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i>), Forster's Terns (<i>Sterna forsteri</i>), and Caspian Terns (<i>Sterna caspia</i>) using these areas now represent a significant portion of the northern California breeding populations of these species.</p><p>In conjunction with a study of the breeding birds of the South San Francisco Bay Estuary (Gill 1973, 1977) from 1971 to 1973, we banded 187 Great Blue Herons (<i>Ardea herodias</i>), 1499 Snowy Egrets, 1615 Black-crowned Night Herons, 2943 Forster's Terns, and 743 Caspian Terns; often this represented a substantial portion of these species banded in the western states during these years (Table 1). Recoveries from these bandings through 1977 plus additional recoveries from a few earlier and some more recent bandings provide the data for this report on dispersal patterns and migration of San Francisco Bay produced herons, egrets, and terns. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and Mewaldt, L., 1979, Dispersal and migratory patterns of San Francisco Bay produced herons, egrets, and terns: North American Bird Bander, v. 4, no. 1, p. 4-13.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/publications_NABB.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277fae4b014cc3a3e7712","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mewaldt, L. Richard","contributorId":187768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mewaldt","given":"L. Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012527,"text":"70012527 - 1979 - Worth of data and natural disaster insurance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:28:24","indexId":"70012527","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Worth of data and natural disaster insurance","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Federal Government in the past has provided medical and economic aid to victims of earthquakes and floods. However, regulating the use of hazard-prone areas would probably be more efficient. One way to implement such land use regulation is through the national flood and earthquake insurance program. Because insurance firms base their premium rates on available information, the benefits from additional data used to improve parameter estimates of the probability distribution (governing actual disaster events) can be computed by computing changes in the premiums as a function of additional data. An insurance firm is assumed to set rates so as to trade off penalties of overestimation and underestimation of expected damages. A Bayesian preposterior analysis is applied to determine the worth of additional data, as measured by changes in consumers’ surplus, by examining the effects of changes in premiums as a function of a longer hydrologic record.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR015i006p01763","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., and Karlinger, M., 1979, Worth of data and natural disaster insurance: Water Resources Research, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1763-1766, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR015i006p01763.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1763","endPage":"1766","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd1dbe4b08c986b32f5b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162278,"text":"70162278 - 1979 - Artificial transmission to and susceptibility of Puget Sound fish to viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-03T16:17:03.170679","indexId":"70162278","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial transmission to and susceptibility of Puget Sound fish to viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN)","docAbstract":"<p><span>In Puget Sound, Wash., the incidence of viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) varied geographically from 0 to 17% in chum salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus keta</i><span>) and from 4 to 59% in Pacific herring (</span><i>Clupea harengus pallasi</i><span>). The disease was experimentally transmitted by intraperitoneal injection to chum, pink (</span><i>O</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>gorbuscha</i><span>), coho (</span><i>O</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>kisutch</i><span>), chinook (</span><i>O</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>tshawytscha</i><span>), sockeye (</span><i>O</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>nerka</i><span>), and Atlantic (</span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>) salmon, and rainbow (</span><i>S</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>gairdneri</i><span>), brown (</span><i>S</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>trutta</i><span>), and brook (</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>) trout. The disease was transmitted to chum salmon and brook trout by waterborne virus. Virus obtained from herring was experimentally transmitted into chum salmon by intraperitoneal injection.&nbsp;</span><i>Key words</i><span>: viral erythrocytic necrosis, fish disease, transmission</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/f79-153","usgsCitation":"MacMillian, J.R., and Mulcahy, D., 1979, Artificial transmission to and susceptibility of Puget Sound fish to viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN): Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 36, no. 9, p. 1097-1101, https://doi.org/10.1139/f79-153.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1101","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.0413818359375,\n              48.090922612296744\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.310791015625,\n              48.19538740833338\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06085205078125,\n              47.9696977140649\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12951660156249,\n              47.5079250985124\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.33551025390625,\n              47.16357498846737\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.88482666015625,\n              46.9446372241817\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.08258056640626,\n              47.081344869872034\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.211669921875,\n              47.2736386488847\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.20068359374999,\n              47.45780853075031\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0084228515625,\n              47.78178908571311\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.05511474609375,\n              48.08725331988949\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0413818359375,\n              48.090922612296744\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f6c40e4b0961cf27fd190","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacMillian, John R.","contributorId":152373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacMillian","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulcahy, Dan","contributorId":152374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162343,"text":"70162343 - 1979 - Medication inhibits tolerance to seawater in coho salmon smolts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T15:14:00","indexId":"70162343","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Medication inhibits tolerance to seawater in coho salmon smolts","docAbstract":"<p><span>Applications of 10 therapeutic and two anesthetic agents to healthy smolts of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by conventional methods were followed by two different posttreatment circumstances. In condition I, fish were treated and then transferred directly to 28&permil; seawater for 10 days; in condition II, fish were treated and held in fresh water for 4 days before their medium was gradually changed over a 4-hour period to 28&permil; seawater. In condition I, no mortality occurred among fish treated with 2,4-D, trichlorofon, simazine, quinaldine, or light to moderate doses of MS-222. About 10% mortality occurred among fish treated with formalin and nifurpirinol. High mortality in seawater followed treatments with copper sulfate, hyamine 1622, potassium permanganate, malachite green (one protocol), and heavy doses of MS-222. In condition II, mortality was reduced but still high for copper sulfate and potassium permanganate, much lower for malachite green and hyamine 1622, and zero for the other agents. The results indicate that additional recovery time in fresh water is necessary between some treatments and exposure to salt water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1979)108<63:MITTSI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bouck, G.R., and Johnson, D.A., 1979, Medication inhibits tolerance to seawater in coho salmon smolts: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 108, no. 1, p. 63-66, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1979)108<63:MITTSI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"66","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4ae4b0961cf2811bfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouck, Gerald R.","contributorId":152420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bouck","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, David A.","contributorId":88683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162342,"text":"70162342 - 1979 - Mortality of experimentally descaled smolts of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in fresh and salt water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T15:10:35","indexId":"70162342","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality of experimentally descaled smolts of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in fresh and salt water","docAbstract":"<p><span>Removal of slime from 25% of the body caused no deaths among smolts of coho salmon in fresh water or in seawater (28&permil;). Removal of slime and scales from the same percentage of body area caused no deaths in fresh water, but 75% mortality within 10 days in seawater. The 10-day median tolerance limit was 10% scale removal immediately before the smolts entered seawater. Mortality was highest when the scales were removed from the area of the rib cage. Recovery of smolts in fresh water from a loss of scales that would be lethal in seawater occurred rapidly; 90% of the fish regained tolerance to seawater within 1 day.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1979)108<67:MOEDSO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bouck, G.R., and Smith, S., 1979, Mortality of experimentally descaled smolts of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in fresh and salt water: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 108, no. 1, p. 67-69, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1979)108<67:MOEDSO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"69","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4be4b0961cf2811c04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouck, Gerald R.","contributorId":152420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bouck","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Stanley D.","contributorId":83417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stanley D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162339,"text":"70162339 - 1979 - New host and geographical records for the leech Acanthobdella peledina Grube 1851 (Hirudinea, Acanthobdellidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T15:03:14","indexId":"70162339","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New host and geographical records for the leech Acanthobdella peledina Grube 1851 (Hirudinea, Acanthobdellidae)","docAbstract":"<p>A total of four leeches (Acanthobdella peledina), parasitizing four specimens of the least cisco (Coregonus sardinella), were found during July and August 1977. The hosts and parasites were collected during a fishery survey by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the North Slope waters of Naval Petroleum Reserve, Alaska. Two host fishes were collected from the Chipp River (70035' latitude, 155012' longitude) and two from an unnamed, landlocked lake (69054' latitude, 153o23' longitude). The Chipp River collection site is about 130 km southeast of Barrow, and the unnamed lake about 200 km southeast of Barrow. The leeches, which were fixed in situ with neutral formalin, appeared to have penetrated the integument and were embedded in subcutaneous tissues and white muscle at the base of the pelvic fins. The specimens were cylindrical and about 23 mm long and 2-3 mm wide. Color before fixation was olive-green. The five anterior segments each had four pairs of hooked setae at the ventral surface. Our identification was based on a description in Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al., 1962, Key to parasites of freshwater fish of the USSR (Transl. from Russian), NTIS TT-64-11040.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.2307/3280268","usgsCitation":"Hauck, A.K., Fallon, M.J., and Burger, C.V., 1979, New host and geographical records for the leech Acanthobdella peledina Grube 1851 (Hirudinea, Acanthobdellidae): Journal of Parasitology, v. 65, no. 6, p. 989-989, https://doi.org/10.2307/3280268.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"989","endPage":"989","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4ce4b0961cf2811c0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hauck, A. K.","contributorId":152417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauck","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallon, Michael J.","contributorId":152418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fallon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burger, Carl V.","contributorId":152419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burger","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162275,"text":"70162275 - 1979 - Potentials and limits for the use of ozone as a fish disease control agent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-19T16:39:14","indexId":"70162275","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2976,"text":"Ozone: Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potentials and limits for the use of ozone as a fish disease control agent","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ozone and chlorine inactivation curves were determined in three types of freshwater at 20 C for the destruction of the fish pathogens&nbsp;</span><i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;the etiologic agent of furunculosis, and&nbsp;</span><i>Yersinia ruckeri</i><span>&nbsp;the enteric redmouth bacterium (ERM). Ozone and chlorine inactivation curves were also obtained in the same water types at 10 C for the fish pathogenic viruses infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHNV), and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPNV). Acute toxicity tests using the rainbow trout as a representative salmonid revealed that ozone was highly toxic at the dose levels used. Partial chronic (3. mo.) testing revealed that ozone exposure at 2 &mu;g/L causes only minimal physiological changes, none of which would be expected to compromise biological function.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01919512.1979.10684566","usgsCitation":"Wedemeyer, G.A., Nelson, N.C., and Yasutake, T., 1979, Potentials and limits for the use of ozone as a fish disease control agent: Ozone: Science and Engineering, v. 1, no. 4, p. 295-318, https://doi.org/10.1080/01919512.1979.10684566.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"318","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f6c49e4b0961cf27fd1bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wedemeyer, Gary A.","contributorId":30668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedemeyer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Nancy C.","contributorId":152336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yasutake, T.","contributorId":152372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yasutake","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162276,"text":"70162276 - 1979 - Physiological and biochemical aspects of ozone toxicity to rainbow trout (<i>Salmo gairdneri</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-15T20:55:29","indexId":"70162276","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physiological and biochemical aspects of ozone toxicity to rainbow trout (<i>Salmo gairdneri</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>An acute toxicity curve for dissolved ozone (O</span><sub>3</sub><span>) in soft water at 10 &deg;C, using 10&ndash;13-cm rainbow trout (</span><i>Salmo gairdneri</i><span>) as the test species was calculated. The 96-h LC50 (95%, confidence interval) was 9.3 (8.1&ndash;10.6)&ensp;&mu;g/L. The lethal threshold level was about 8&ensp;&mu;g/L mandating that a conservative margin of safety be used if ozone is employed as a fish disease control agent. Death apparently results from massive destruction of the gill lamellar epithelium together with a severe hydromineral imbalance. In partial chronic (3-mo) testing, 2&ensp;&mu;g/L caused no significant biological damage while 5&ensp;&mu;g/L caused some gill pathological changes and reduced feeding behavior. Accordingly, 2&ensp;&mu;g/L is suggested as a provisional maximum safe exposure level, pending completion of life cycle studies. Thus, if ozone-treated water is discharged into the environment, dissolved O</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;should be reduced to at least the 2&ensp;&mu;g/L level to minimize adverse impacts on salmonids in receiving waters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f79-088","usgsCitation":"Wedemeyer, G.A., Nelson, N.C., and Yasutake, W.T., 1979, Physiological and biochemical aspects of ozone toxicity to rainbow trout (<i>Salmo gairdneri</i>): Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 36, no. 6, p. 605-614, https://doi.org/10.1139/f79-088.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"605","endPage":"614","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f6c46e4b0961cf27fd1b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wedemeyer, Gary A.","contributorId":30668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedemeyer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Nancy C.","contributorId":152336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yasutake, William T.","contributorId":70444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasutake","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70196081,"text":"70196081 - 1979 - The geochemistry of the Fox Hills-Basal Hell Creek Aquifer in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T13:39:38","indexId":"70196081","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemistry of the Fox Hills-Basal Hell Creek Aquifer in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Late Cretaceous Fox Hills Formation and the basal portion of the overlying Hell Creek Formation constitute an important aquifer in the Fort Union coal region. Throughout most of southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota the aquifer is at depths ranging from 1000 to 2000 ft, except for exposures along the Cedar Creek anticline. Water flows in the aquifer from southwest to northeast, with flow rates of a few feet per year. The recharge and discharge areas of the aquifer are separated by a north-south trending transition zone in which significant changes in water chemistry occur. Dissolved constituents in the recharge area (the western part of the study area) are Na</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 18 mmol/l, Cl</span><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.7 mmol/1, SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 2.7 mmol/1, and HCO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 13 mmol/l (δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C = −12‰) with<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span>H = 8.5. Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>, Mg</span><sup>2+</sup><span>, and K</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>are each less than 0.1 mmol/l, dissolved O</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0, and traces of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S and CH</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>are present. Computer modeling and carbon isotope data suggest the following reactions in the recharge area. CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>derived from lignitic carbon reacts to dissolve carbonate minerals, with cations then being exchanged for Na</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>on clay minerals. The high<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span>H in the aquifer is the result of buffering by carbonate-ion exchange equilibria. In the discharge area,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span>H values have declined to 8.3, Cl</span><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>has increased from 0.7 to 5.5 mmol/l, with a parallel increase in Na</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>has essentially disappeared, HCO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>has increased from 13 to 21 mmol/l (δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C = −9‰), CH</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>has attained concentrations greater than 0.5 mmol/l, and small amounts of He are present. Traces of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S are present, and Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span>, Mg</span><sup>2+</sup><span>, and K</span><sup>+</sup><span>concentrations remain low throughout the aquifer: These changes can be accounted for by reactions in the aquifer: (1) sulfate reduction to pyrite with lignitic material as the carbon source and (2) continuous buffering of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span>H by the carbonate-ion exchange equilibria. Chemical and hydrologic data suggest that the increase in NaCl results from upward movement of small volumes of water into the Fox Hills aquifer from the transition zone eastward. Redox reactions in the aquifer are closely analogous to those observed in pore waters of reducing marine sediments. Reactions approach but do not achieve true thermodynamic equilibrium. Measurements of redox potential suggest a downgradient decrease in redox potential. The measurements are not amenable to quantitative interpretation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/WR015i006p01479","usgsCitation":"Thorstenson, D.C., Fisher, D.W., and Croft, M.G., 1979, The geochemistry of the Fox Hills-Basal Hell Creek Aquifer in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota: Water Resources Research, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1479-1498, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR015i006p01479.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1479","endPage":"1498","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff4a4ae4b0da30c1bfdbc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorstenson, Donald C.","contributorId":107323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorstenson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Donald W.","contributorId":106468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Croft, Mack G.","contributorId":203351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Croft","given":"Mack","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70168583,"text":"70168583 - 1979 - Records of prehistoric earthquakes in sedimentary deposits in lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-12T01:44:07","indexId":"70168583","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Records of prehistoric earthquakes in sedimentary deposits in lakes","docAbstract":"<p>Historic records of earthquakes are too short to allow a true assessment of their recurrence intervals. Methods are needed, therefore, that will enable the seismicity of an area to be evaluated beyond the limit of historic records.</p>\n<p>One place where a record of ancient seismic activity might be preserved is in lake sediments. Strong earthquakes often cause a phenomenon in water-saturated sediments known as liquefaction. The seismic shaking tends to reorient the sediment grains into a more compact arrangement. This usually means that the sediment liquefies and is redeposited in a smaller volume; there is an accompanying explusion of water and, in cases of severe shaking, sediment-laden water.</p>\n<p>During a strong earthquake, deformation due to liquefaction may occur in the upper layers of lake sediment. If this deformation is preserved without further deformation as new layers of sediment are deposited in the lake and if one could later find and identify these layers, one would then have a record of prehistoric earthquakes in the lake beds.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Sims, J., 1979, Records of prehistoric earthquakes in sedimentary deposits in lakes: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 6, p. 228-233.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"233","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c84acce4b0b3c9ae38109e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spall, Henry","contributorId":77933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648561,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Sims, J.","contributorId":167094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sims","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9039,"text":"ofr791051 - 1979 - Lignite drilling during 1978 in western North Dakota: Adams, Billings, Bowman, Burke, Golden Valley, Hettinger, McKenzie, McLean, and Slope Counties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T20:31:42.195458","indexId":"ofr791051","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1051","title":"Lignite drilling during 1978 in western North Dakota: Adams, Billings, Bowman, Burke, Golden Valley, Hettinger, McKenzie, McLean, and Slope Counties","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791051","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and North Dakota Geological Survey, 1979, Lignite drilling during 1978 in western North Dakota: Adams, Billings, Bowman, Burke, Golden Valley, Hettinger, McKenzie, McLean, and Slope Counties: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1051, i, 519 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791051.","productDescription":"i, 519 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414920,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_71653.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":36677,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1051/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Adams County, Billings County, Bowman County, Burke County, Golden Valley County, Hettinger County, McKenzie County, McLean County, Slope County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.045,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.045,\n              45.945\n            ],\n            [\n              -101,\n              45.945\n            ],\n            [\n              -101,\n              49\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a52ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"North Dakota Geological Survey","contributorId":128250,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"North Dakota Geological Survey","id":528885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":56409,"text":"wdrMDDE771 - 1978 - Water resources data for Maryland and Delaware, water year 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T19:29:44.483116","indexId":"wdrMDDE771","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-22T14:45:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-77-1","displayTitle":"Water Resources Data for Maryland and Delaware, Water Year 1977","title":"Water resources data for Maryland and Delaware, water year 1977","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDE771","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Water resources data for Maryland and Delaware, water year 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report 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,{"id":70196004,"text":"70196004 - 1978 - Numerical simulation of steady state three-dimensional groundwater flow near lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T11:48:38","indexId":"70196004","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical simulation of steady state three-dimensional groundwater flow near lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Numerical simulation of three-dimensional groundwater flow near lakes shows that the continuity of the boundary encompassing the local groundwater flow system associated with a lake is the key to understanding the interaction of a lake with the groundwater system. The continuity of the boundary can be determined by the presence of a stagnation zone coinciding with the side of the lake nearest the downgradient side of the groundwater system. For most settings modeled in this study the stagnation zone underlies the lakeshore, and it generally follows its curvature. The length of the stagnation zone is controlled by the geometry of the lake's drainage basin divide on the side of the lake nearest the downgradient side of the groundwater system. In the case of lakes that lose water to the groundwater system, three-dimensional modeling also allows for estimating the area of lake bed through which outseepage takes place. Analysis of the effects of size and lateral and vertical distribution of aquifers within the groundwater system on the outseepage from lakes shows that the position of the center point of the aquifer relative to the littoral zone on the side of the lake nearest the downgradient side of the groundwater system is a critical factor. If the center point is downslope from this part of the littoral zone, the local flow system boundary tends to be weak or outseepage occurs. If the center point is upslope from this littoral zone, the stagnation zone tends to be stronger (to have a higher head in relation to lake level), and outseepage is unlikely to occur.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/WR014i002p00245","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1978, Numerical simulation of steady state three-dimensional groundwater flow near lakes: Water Resources Research, v. 14, no. 2, p. 245-254, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR014i002p00245.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352436,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff4d62e4b0da30c1bfdc22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180027,"text":"70180027 - 1978 - Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T13:04:03","indexId":"70180027","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"17","title":"Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1978","docAbstract":"<p>This report is the fifteenth in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, prepared cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Division of Water Resources, provide data to enable interested parties to keep abreast of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report, like the others (see References, p. 13), contains information on well construction, ground-water withdrawals, water-level changes, and related changes in precipitation and streamflow. Supplementary data such as graphs showing chemical quality of water and maps showing water-table configuration are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas for which applicable data are available and are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report includes individual discussions of selected major areas of ground-water withdrawal in the State for the calendar year 1977. Water-level fluctuations, however, are described for the period spring 1977 to spring 1978. Much of the data used in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Division of Water Rights, Utah Department of Natural Resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Utah","usgsCitation":"Gates, J., Jibson, W., Herbert, L.R., Mower, R.W., Razem, A., Cordova, R., Jensen, V., ReMillard, M.D., Emett, D.C., Sumison, C., Carroll, P., DeGrand, M., and Sandberg, G.W., 1978, Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1978: Cooperative Investigations Report 17, vi, 63 p.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p.","numberOfPages":"70","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333718,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-187"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5887248be4b08aa8f945abf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gates, Joseph S.","contributorId":21647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Joseph S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jibson, W.N.","contributorId":27928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"W.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herbert, L. R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mower, R. W.","contributorId":34898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mower","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Razem, A. C.","contributorId":34924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Razem","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cordova, R.M.","contributorId":77511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordova","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jensen, V.L.","contributorId":99034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"V.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"ReMillard, M. D.","contributorId":38645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ReMillard","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Emett, D. C.","contributorId":21213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emett","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sumison, C.T.","contributorId":39057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumison","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Carroll, P.A.","contributorId":178594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carroll","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"DeGrand, M.J.","contributorId":178595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeGrand","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sandberg, G. W.","contributorId":55426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70157467,"text":"70157467 - 1978 - Ground-water resources and geology of Columbia County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T19:35:15","indexId":"70157467","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-06T09:15:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5596,"text":"Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey Information Circular","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"37","title":"Ground-water resources and geology of Columbia County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>The increasing need for water of good Quality in Columbia County, caused by a steadily increasing population, can be met from the sand-and-gravel and sandstone aquifers. As much as 15 gallons per minute can be obtained from wells almost everywhere. Yields of more than 1,000 gallons per minute are available from drift where it contains a sufficient thickness of saturated sand and gravel (the sand-and-gravel aquifer). The sandstone aquifer underlies nearly all the county except for areas west of the Wisconsin River and northwest of Pardeeville. It is more than 700 feet thick in the south-central part. The sandstone aquifer includes all bedrock younger than Precambrian age and is capable of yielding more than 1,000 gallons per minute to wells in about three-fourths of the county. It is the principal source of municipal-water supply.</p>\n<p>The chemical quality of water from the two aquifers is similar. It is very hard (mean concentration of about 300 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate), and much of it contains excessive amounts of iron and manganese. Concentrations of dissolved solids and chloride are higher in areas underlain by bedrock of Ordovician age than elsewhere.</p>\n<p>About 5.0 million gallons per day of water was pumped in the county in 1974, 90 percent from the sandstone aQuifer. About 45 percent of the total water pumped was for industrial and commercial purposes~ 37 percent was for residential use, 16 percent for municipal use, and 2 percent for irrigation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","usgsCitation":"Harr, C., Trotta, L.C., and Borman, R.G., 1978, Ground-water resources and geology of Columbia County, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey Information Circular 37, vi, 30 p.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350391,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wgnhs.uwex.edu/pubs/download_ic37/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Columbia County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.2453,43.643],[-89.127,43.6436],[-89.1271,43.6318],[-89.007,43.6332],[-89.0063,43.548],[-89.0044,43.4616],[-89.0038,43.3737],[-89.0088,43.3738],[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.1271,43.2827],[-89.246,43.2834],[-89.3624,43.2832],[-89.3617,43.2954],[-89.4819,43.2942],[-89.6008,43.2932],[-89.7209,43.2935],[-89.7235,43.2935],[-89.7292,43.3026],[-89.7279,43.3108],[-89.7254,43.3153],[-89.7229,43.3181],[-89.7185,43.3195],[-89.7129,43.3226],[-89.7078,43.3277],[-89.7028,43.3345],[-89.6909,43.3495],[-89.684,43.3573],[-89.6783,43.3586],[-89.6708,43.3582],[-89.6613,43.3577],[-89.6456,43.36],[-89.6311,43.3646],[-89.6166,43.371],[-89.6009,43.3806],[-89.6004,43.4688],[-89.5999,43.5544],[-89.6075,43.5603],[-89.6138,43.5626],[-89.6277,43.5617],[-89.6359,43.5603],[-89.6511,43.5621],[-89.658,43.5634],[-89.6643,43.5657],[-89.6707,43.5666],[-89.6783,43.5671],[-89.6877,43.5634],[-89.6934,43.5616],[-89.6991,43.562],[-89.706,43.5648],[-89.7187,43.5652],[-89.7288,43.5661],[-89.7351,43.5693],[-89.7364,43.5743],[-89.7326,43.5793],[-89.7288,43.5829],[-89.7244,43.587],[-89.7188,43.5929],[-89.7207,43.597],[-89.727,43.5979],[-89.7428,43.597],[-89.751,43.5997],[-89.7567,43.6029],[-89.7662,43.6029],[-89.7738,43.6092],[-89.7763,43.6161],[-89.7808,43.6215],[-89.7802,43.6274],[-89.7789,43.6343],[-89.784,43.6388],[-89.7866,43.6411],[-89.779,43.6411],[-89.7195,43.643],[-89.6,43.6427],[-89.4837,43.6423],[-89.3648,43.6427],[-89.2453,43.643]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Columbia\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051ec7e4b058f706e512d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harr, C.A.","contributorId":106920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harr","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trotta, L. 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