This report is designed to give a view of the immediate response of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to four major hurricanes of 2005: Dennis, Katrina, Rita, and Wilma. Some of this response took place days after the hurricanes; other responses included fieldwork and analysis through the spring. While hurricane science continues within the USGS, this overview of work following these hurricanes reveals how a Department of the Interior bureau quickly brought together a diverse array of its scientists and technologies to assess and analyze many hurricane effects. Topics vary from flooding and water quality to landscape and ecosystem impacts, from geotechnical reconnaissance to analyzing the collapse of bridges and estimating the volume of debris. Thus, the purpose of this report is to inform the American people of the USGS science that is available and ongoing in regard to hurricanes. It is the hope that such science will help inform the decisions of those citizens and officials tasked with coastal restoration and planning for future hurricanes.
\nChapter 1 is an essay establishing the need for science in building a resilient coast. The second chapter includes some hurricane facts that provide hurricane terminology, history, and maps of the four hurricanes’ paths. Chapters that follow give the scientific response of USGS to the storms. Both English and metric measurements are used in the articles in anticipation of both general and scientific audiences in the United States and elsewhere. Chapter 8 is a compilation of relevant ongoing and future hurricane work. The epilogue marks the 2-year anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. An index of authors follows the report to aid in finding articles that are cross-referenced within the report.
\nIn addition to performing the science needed to understand the effects of hurricanes, USGS employees helped in the rescue of citizens by boat and through technology by “geoaddressing” 911 calls after Katrina and Rita so that other rescuers could find persons trapped in attics and porches. They also delivered food and water to residents stranded along the lower Mississippi River for several days. That work is reported in chapter 3 of this volume.
\nA great number of scientists contributed to this peer-reviewed report designed for a general audience. Because they work for USGS—an unbiased, multidisciplinary science organization that focuses on biology, geography, geology, geospatial information, and water—they are dedicated to the timely, relevant, and impartial study of the landscape and natural resources of the Nation, as well as natural hazards, like hurricanes, that threaten the Nation. To learn more about their work, visit the USGS Web site (www.usgs.gov).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1306","usgsCitation":"Farris, G.S., Smith, G.J., Crane, M., Demas, C.R., Robbins, L.L., and Lavoie, D.L., 2007, Science and the storms: The USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1306, viii, 276 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1306.","productDescription":"viii, 276 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1306.gif"},{"id":409942,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82584.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10379,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 24\n ],\n [\n -70,\n 24\n ],\n [\n -70,\n 43\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae491","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farris, G. S.","contributorId":107808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, G. J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crane, M.P.","contributorId":78019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Demas, C. R.","contributorId":77178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robbins, L. L.","contributorId":71156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lavoie, D. L.","contributorId":46640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavoie","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":80562,"text":"fs20073072 - 2007 - U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park campus: Self-guided tour","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-30T20:19:47.799646","indexId":"fs20073072","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3072","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park campus: Self-guided tour","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), established by an act of Congress in 1879, is the Nation's largest natural science and civilian mapping agency. The USGS works in cooperation with more than 2,000 organizations across the country to provide reliable, impartial scientific information. This information is used to minimize the loss of life and property from natural disasters, safeguard the Nation's natural resources, and enhance quality of life through careful monitoring of water, biological, energy, and mineral resources.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20073072","usgsCitation":"Colvard, E.M., Tongue, M.G., and Gordon, L.C., 2007, U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park campus: Self-guided tour (Version 2.0, Revised 2012; Version 2.1, Revised 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3072, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073072.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3072.png"},{"id":393697,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96968.htm"},{"id":257342,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3072/fs2007-3072.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":10381,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3072/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Menlo Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.17339754104614,\n 37.45476087322793\n ],\n [\n -122.16925621032715,\n 37.45476087322793\n ],\n [\n -122.16925621032715,\n 37.45872964900681\n ],\n [\n -122.17339754104614,\n 37.45872964900681\n ],\n [\n -122.17339754104614,\n 37.45476087322793\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 2.0, Revised 2012; Version 2.1, Revised 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db61315f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvard, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":26675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvard","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tongue, Mara G. mtongue@usgs.gov","contributorId":588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tongue","given":"Mara","email":"mtongue@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gordon, Leslie C. lgordon@usgs.gov","contributorId":4872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Leslie","email":"lgordon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5072,"text":"Office of Communication and Publishing","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80561,"text":"sir20075208 - 2007 - Variations in Community Exposure and Sensitivity to Tsunami Hazards in the State of Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"sir20075208","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5208","title":"Variations in Community Exposure and Sensitivity to Tsunami Hazards in the State of Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Hawai`i has experienced numerous destructive tsunamis and the potential for future events threatens the safety and economic well being of its coastal communities. Although tsunami-evacuation zones have been delineated, what is in these areas and how communities have chosen to develop within them has not been documented. A community-level vulnerability assessment using geographic-information-system tools was conducted to describe tsunami-prone landscapes on the Hawaiian coast and to document variations in land cover, demographics, economic assets, and critical facilities among 65 communities. Results indicate that the Hawai`i tsunami-evacuation zone contains approximately 56,678 residents (five percent of the total population), 67,113 employees (eleven percent of the State labor force), and 50,174 average daily visitors to hotels (44 percent of the State total). With regards to economic conditions, the tsunami-evacuation zone contains 5,779 businesses that generate $10.1 billion in annual sales volume (both eleven percent of State totals), and tax parcels with a combined total value of $36.1 billion (18 percent of the State total). Although occupancy values are not known for each facility, the tsunami-evacuation zone also contains numerous dependent-population facilities (for example, child-day-care facilities and schools), public venues (for example, religious organizations and parks) and critical facilities (for example, fire stations). The residential population in tsunami-prone areas is racially diverse, with most residents identifying themselves as White, Asian, or Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, either alone or in combination with one or more race. Fifty-one percent of the households in the tsunami-evacuation zone are renter occupied. The employee population in the tsunami-evacuation zone is largely in accommodation and food services, health services, and retail-trade sectors.\r\n\r\nResults indicate that community vulnerability, described here by exposure (the amount of assets in tsunami-prone areas) and sensitivity (the relative percentage of assets in tsunami-prone areas) varies considerably among 65 coastal communities in Hawai`i. Honolulu has the highest exposure, Punalu`u has the highest sensitivity, and Ka`anapali has the highest combination of exposure and sensitivity to tsunamis. Results also indicate that the level of community-asset exposure to tsunamis is not determined by the amount of a community's land that is in tsunami-evacuation zones. Community sensitivity, however, is related to the percentage of a community's land that is in the tsunami-prone areas. This report will further the dialogue on societal risk to tsunami hazards in Hawai`i and help identify future preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery planning needs within coastal communities and economic sectors of the State of Hawai`i.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075208","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Civil Defense Division of the State of Hawai'i Department of Defense, the Office of Planning of the State of Hawai`i Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism, and the Pacific Disaster Center","usgsCitation":"Wood, N., Church, A., Frazier, T., and Yarnal, B., 2007, Variations in Community Exposure and Sensitivity to Tsunami Hazards in the State of Hawai'i (Version 1.1, Revised Jul 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5208, Report: iv, 38 p.; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075208.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 38 p.; Database","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10380,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5208/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160.3,18.8 ], [ -160.3,22.3 ], [ -154.4,22.3 ], [ -154.4,18.8 ], [ -160.3,18.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1, Revised Jul 2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602968","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Nathan 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":71151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, Alyssia","contributorId":65930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Alyssia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frazier, Tim","contributorId":76831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frazier","given":"Tim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yarnal, Brent","contributorId":31839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarnal","given":"Brent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80563,"text":"fs20073046 - 2007 - The Desert Laboratory Repeat Photography Collection - An Invaluable Archive Documenting Landscape Change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-03T00:10:04","indexId":"fs20073046","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3046","title":"The Desert Laboratory Repeat Photography Collection - An Invaluable Archive Documenting Landscape Change","docAbstract":"The Desert Laboratory Repeat Photography Collection, the largest collection of its kind in the world, is housed at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Tucson, Arizona. The collection preserves thousands of photos taken precisely in the same places but at different times. This archive of 'repeat photographs' documents changes in the desert landscape and vegetation of the American Southwest, and also includes images from northwestern Mexico and Kenya. These images are an invaluable asset to help understand the effects of climate variation and land-use practices on arid and semiarid environments.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073046","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Boyer, D.E., Turner, R., and Bullock, S.H., 2007, The Desert Laboratory Repeat Photography Collection - An Invaluable Archive Documenting Landscape Change (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3046, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073046.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3046.jpg"},{"id":10382,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3046/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e6ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":292932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyer, Diane E.","contributorId":22018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyer","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, Raymond M.","contributorId":7383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Raymond M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bullock, Stephen H.","contributorId":34217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80564,"text":"ofr20071227 - 2007 - Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:07","indexId":"ofr20071227","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1227","title":"Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team 2006","docAbstract":"The Western Earth Surface Processes Team (WESPT) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts geologic mapping, earth-surface process investigations, and related topical earth science studies in the western United States. This work is focused on areas where modern geologic maps and associated earth-science data are needed to address key societal and environmental issues such as ground-water quality, landslides and other potential geologic hazards, and land-use decisions. Areas of primary emphasis in 2006 included southern California, the San Francisco Bay region, the Mojave Desert, the Colorado Plateau region of northern Arizona, and the Pacific Northwest. The team has its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, and maintains smaller field offices at several other locations in the western United States.\r\n\r\nThis compilation gives the bibliographical citations for 123 new publications, most of which are available online using the hyperlinks provided.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071227","usgsCitation":"Powell, C.L., and Stone, P., 2007, Publications of the Western Earth Surface Processes Team 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1227, iii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071227.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10383,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1227/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655dc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Charles L. II 0000-0002-1913-555X cpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1913-555X","contributorId":3243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"cpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 pastone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0156","contributorId":273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Paul","email":"pastone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80566,"text":"sir20075114 - 2007 - Lithostratigraphic and Hydrogeologic Characteristics of the Ordovician Sinnipee Group in the Vicinity of Waupun, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, 1995-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"sir20075114","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5114","title":"Lithostratigraphic and Hydrogeologic Characteristics of the Ordovician Sinnipee Group in the Vicinity of Waupun, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, 1995-96","docAbstract":"Three boreholes were drilled at a farm site near Waupun, Wis., to improve the understanding of regional hydrogeology of the Ordovician Sinnipee Group. At the site the Sinnipee Group is the uppermost bedrock unit and is found to be about 183 ft thick. On the basis of core descriptions by the Illinois State Geological Survey, the Sinnipee Group at the site comprises (stratigraphically lowest to highest) the Platteville Formation (about 51 ft thick), the Decorah Formation (about 14 ft thick), and the Galena Dolomite (about 119 ft thick). The Illinois State Geological Survey noted that hardgrounds were common in the rock core, some having stratigraphic significance. Four very well developed hardgrounds were identified, three of which were used as formation or member contacts. The hardground at about 797 ft NGVD 29 represents the top of the Platteville Formation, the hardground at about 754 ft represents the top of the Pecatonica Member of the Platteville Formation, and the hardground at about 746 ft represents the top of the Glenwood Formation.\r\n\r\nOn the basis of samples collected from one borehole, the ground water at the site is of the calcium-magnesium bicarbonate type. Trichloroethene was detected in one sample at a concentration of 1 ?g/L, and the concentration of antimony in one sample exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Primary Drinking Water Standard. Other water samples contained aluminum and sodium in concentrations that exceeded the USEPA Secondary Drinking Water Standard and the USEPA Drinking Water Equivalent Level, respectively. Samples from various depths contained concentrations of iron, manganese, or dissolved manganese that were near or exceeded the USEPA Secondary Drinking Water Standard.\r\n\r\nThe cross-borehole radar tomography data show differences in velocity and attenuation among the three major units in the Sinnipee Group. Matrix porosity measured in rock-core samples correlates well with these velocity and attenuation tomograms. The Galena Dolomite has the lowest mean porosity at 2.4 percent (7 samples) and is represented in the tomograms as generally having the lowest attenuation and greatest velocity. Below the Galena Dolomite is a transition to a zone with the greatest attenuation and lowest velocity on the tomograms. The rock core shows this interval to be the shaley dolomite of the Decorah Formation which has a mean porosity of 8.3 percent (2 samples). Below the Decorah Formation, the Platteville Formation has a mean porosity of 3.6 percent (6 samples) and is represented in the tomograms as having velocity and attenuation generally intermediate between the Galena Dolomite and the Decorah Formation. The evaluation of the single-hole directional ground-penetrating radar reflection survey in FL-800 identified 15 reflectors (secondary permeability features). Some of the reflectors do correlate with fractures and partings noted on geophysical logs and rock core; however, many additional fractures and partings identified by the televiewer log and/or core description were not measured by the borehole radar survey. Horizontal or sub-horizontal reflectors (bedding-plane partings) which do correlate with indications of bedding-plane partings on the acoustic televiewer intersect the borehole at about 917 ft, 907 ft, 870 ft, 805 ft, and 797 ft.\r\n\r\nThe flowmeter profiles indicate that water entering and exiting the boreholes at seven bedding-plane partings accounts for most of the total borehole transmissivity. The flowmeter profiles in all three boreholes show that more than 90 percent of the total borehole transmissivity is provided by bedding-plane partings found at 870 ft and higher stratigraphically within the Galena Dolomite. Static water levels were measured in selected intervals of the three boreholes, and vertical hydraulic gradients were estimated by comparing levels in adjacent intervals. Gradients were found to be almost uniformly downward, ranging from -0.040 to -1.251 ft/ft. On th","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075114","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Dunning, C., and Yeskis, D.J., 2007, Lithostratigraphic and Hydrogeologic Characteristics of the Ordovician Sinnipee Group in the Vicinity of Waupun, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, 1995-96: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5114, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075114.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10386,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.88333333333334,43.53333333333333 ], [ -88.88333333333334,43.93333333333333 ], [ -88.15,43.93333333333333 ], [ -88.15,43.53333333333333 ], [ -88.88333333333334,43.53333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635f1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunning, Charles P. cdunning@usgs.gov","contributorId":892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"Charles P.","email":"cdunning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeskis, Douglas J. djyeskis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeskis","given":"Douglas","email":"djyeskis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80565,"text":"ofr20061076 - 2007 - Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:05","indexId":"ofr20061076","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1076","title":"Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument","docAbstract":"Executive Summary\r\n\r\nWe summarized inventory and monitoring efforts for plants and vertebrates at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (NM) in Arizona. We used data from previous research to compile complete species lists for the monument and to assess inventory completeness.\r\n\r\nThere have been 1,031 species of plants and vertebrates observed at the monument. Most of the species on the list are documented by voucher specimens. There are 59 non-native species established in the monument: one mammal, three birds, and 55 non-native plants. Most non-native plant species were first recorded along roads.\r\n\r\nIn each taxon-specific chapter, we highlight areas that contribute disproportionately to species richness or that have unique species for the monument. Of particular importance are Quitobaquito Springs and Pond, which are responsible for the monument having one of the highest number of bird species in the Sonoran Desert Network of parks. Quitobaquito also contains the only fish in the monument, the endangered Quitobaquito pupfish (Cyprinodon eremus). Other important resources for the plants and vertebrates include the xeroriparian washes (e.g., Alamo Canyon) and the Ajo Mountains.\r\n\r\nBased on the review of past studies, we believe the inventories of vascular plants and vertebrates are nearly complete and that the monument has one of the most complete inventories of any unit in the Sonoran Desert Network.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061076","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, C., Powell, B., and Halvorson, W., 2007, Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1076, x, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061076.","productDescription":"x, 60 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10385,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1076/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602855","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Cecilia A.","contributorId":25645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Cecilia A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Brian F.","contributorId":25644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Brian F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halvorson, William L.","contributorId":97194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"William L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70258393,"text":"70258393 - 2007 - Radiometric calibration status of Landsat-7 and Landsat-5","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-16T16:19:24.155201","indexId":"70258393","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-17T11:14:50","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Radiometric calibration status of Landsat-7 and Landsat-5","docAbstract":"Launched in April 1999, Landsat-7 ETM+ continues to acquire data globally. The Scan Line Corrector in failure in 2003 has affected ground coverage and the recent switch to Bumper Mode operations in April 2007 has degraded the internal geometric accuracy of the data, but the radiometry has been unaffected. The best of the three on-board calibrators for the reflective bands, the Full Aperture Solar Calibrator, has indicated slow changes in the ETM+, but this is believed to be due to contamination on the panel rather then instrument degradation. The Internal Calibrator lamp 2, though it has not been used regularly throughout the whole mission, indicates smaller changes than the FASC since 2003. The changes indicated by lamp 2 are only statistically significant in band 1, circa 0.3% per year, and may be lamp as opposed to instrument degradations. Regular observations of desert targets in the Saharan and Arabian deserts indicate the no change in the ETM+ reflective band response, though the uncertainty is larger and does not preclude the small changes indicated by lamp 2. The thermal band continues to be stable and well-calibrated since an offset error was corrected in late-2000. Launched in 1984, Landsat-5 TM also continues to acquire global data; though without the benefit of an on-board recorder, data can only be acquired where a ground station is within range. Historically, the calibration of the TM reflective bands has used an onboard calibration system with multiple lamps. The calibration procedure for the TM reflective bands was updated in 2003 based on the best estimate at the time, using only one of the three lamps and a cross-calibration with Landsat-7 ETM+. Since then, the Saharan desert sites have been used to validate this calibration model. Problems were found with the lamp based model of up to 13% in band 1. Using the Saharan data, a new model was developed and implemented in the US processing system in April 2007. The TM thermal band was found to have a calibration offset error of 0.092 W/m2 sr µm (0.68K at 300K) based on vicarious calibration data between 1999 and 2006. The offset error was corrected in the US processing system on April 2007 for all data acquired since April 1999.
","conferenceTitle":"Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XI","conferenceDate":"September 17-20, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Florence, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.738221","usgsCitation":"Barsi, J.A., Markham, B.L., Helder, D., and Chander, G., 2007, Radiometric calibration status of Landsat-7 and Landsat-5, Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XI, v. 6744, Florence, Italy, September 17-20, 2007, 67441F, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.738221.","productDescription":"67441F","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":434785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6744","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barsi, Julia A.","contributorId":71822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barsi","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12721,"text":"NASA GSFC SSAI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":913182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markham, Brian L. 0000-0002-9612-8169","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9612-8169","contributorId":121488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helder, Dennis 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":213606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":913184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":913185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70249563,"text":"70249563 - 2007 - Comparative deformation behavior of minerals in serpentinized ultramafic rock: Application to the slab-mantle interface in subduction zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T11:20:54.421641","indexId":"70249563","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-17T06:19:04","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative deformation behavior of minerals in serpentinized ultramafic rock: Application to the slab-mantle interface in subduction zones","docAbstract":"The layer-structure minerals serpentine, brucite, and talc are postulated to form in the mantle wedge above a subducting slab as a result of progressive hydration and silica metasomatism. Tectonic mixing at the slab-mantle interface generates serpentinite mélanges that contain blocks of high-pressure (HP) or ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rock derived from the subducting slab. Such serpentinite mélanges may provide a means of exhumation of HP/UHP metamorphic rocks, and may define the lower limit of locked regions on the subduction interface that fail in large earthquakes. We review recently obtained frictional strength data for brucite and talc over the temperature range 25-400°C at 100 MPa effective normal stress and compare them with new data for antigorite. These minerals respond to heating in different ways, causing their frictional strengths to diverge. Water-saturated antigorite strength increases toward the fixed dry value of μ ≈ 0.75-0.80 with heating: μ ≈ 0.50 at 25°C and μ > 0.60 at 400°C. The difference in μ between dry and watersaturated talc gouge also decreases with increasing temperature, but both the dry and watersaturated values of μ are lower at elevated temperatures. For dry talc, μ decreases from 0.35 to 0.25 between 25° and 300°C, whereas for water-saturated talc, μ is approximately 0.20 at 25°C and 0.10-0.15 at elevated temperatures. Weakening of the interlayer bond of talc with heating may be responsible for the overall reduction in its frictional strength. The strength of dry brucite also is fixed at μ = 0.45-0.50, but the water-saturated value of μ decreases from ≈0.30 at 25°C to 0.20-0.25 at 200°-400°C. The water-saturated brucite gouge has extensively recrystallized along the shear surfaces, and its weakening may be attributable to solution-transfer processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.49.5.401","usgsCitation":"Moore, D.E., and Lockner, D., 2007, Comparative deformation behavior of minerals in serpentinized ultramafic rock: Application to the slab-mantle interface in subduction zones: International Geology Review, v. 49, no. 5, p. 401-415, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.49.5.401.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"401","endPage":"415","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075 dmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":2704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane","email":"dmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":257574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70249562,"text":"70249562 - 2007 - Macroinvertebrates as Biotic Indicators of Environmental Quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T11:17:07.451316","indexId":"70249562","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-17T06:15:40","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"35","title":"Macroinvertebrates as Biotic Indicators of Environmental Quality","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Stream Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-012332908-0.50048-6","usgsCitation":"Carter, J.L., Resh, V.H., Hannaford, M.J., and Myers, M.J., 2007, Macroinvertebrates as Biotic Indicators of Environmental Quality, chap. 35 of Methods in Stream Ecology, p. 805-831, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012332908-0.50048-6.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"805","endPage":"831","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":421927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hauer, F. Richard","contributorId":76892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886211,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamberti, Gary A.","contributorId":296154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamberti","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39516,"text":"University of Notre Dame","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886212,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Resh, Vincent H.","contributorId":12169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Resh","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hannaford, Morgan J.","contributorId":330918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hannaford","given":"Morgan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Myers, Marilyn J.","contributorId":330919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myers","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80557,"text":"sir20075232 - 2007 - Proceedings of the first U.S. Geological Survey scientific information management workshop, March 21-23, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T11:36:47","indexId":"sir20075232","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5232","title":"Proceedings of the first U.S. Geological Survey scientific information management workshop, March 21-23, 2006","docAbstract":"In March 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) held the first Scientific Information Management (SIM) Workshop in Reston, Virginia. The workshop brought together more than 150 SIM professionals from across the organization to discuss the range and importance of SIM problems, identify common challenges and solutions, and investigate the use and value of “communities of practice” (CoP) as mechanisms to address these issues.
\nThe 3-day workshop began with presentations of SIM challenges faced by the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) network and two USGS programs from geology and hydrology. These presentations were followed by a keynote address and discussion of CoP by Dr. Etienne Wenger, a pioneer and leading expert in CoP, who defined them as \"groups of people who share a passion for something that they know how to do and who interact regularly to learn how to do it better.\" Wenger addressed the roles and characteristics of CoP, how they complement formal organizational structures, and how they can be fostered. Following this motivating overview, five panelists (including Dr. Wenger) with CoP experience in different institutional settings provided their perspectives and lessons learned. The first day closed with an open discussion on the potential intersection of SIM at the USGS with SIM challenges and the potential for CoP.
\nThe second session began the process of developing a common vocabulary for both scientific data management and CoP, and a list of eight guiding principles for information management were proposed for discussion and constructive criticism. Following this discussion, 20 live demonstrations and posters of SIM tools developed by various USGS programs and projects were presented.
\nTwo community-building sessions were held to explore the next steps in 12 specific areas: Archiving of Scientific Data and Information; Database Networks; Digital Libraries; Emerging Workforce; Field Data for Small Research Projects; Knowledge Capture; Knowledge Organization Systems and Controlled Vocabularies; Large Time Series Data Sets; Metadata; Portals and Frameworks; Preservation of Physical Collections; and Scientific Data from Monitoring Programs. In about two-thirds of these areas, initial steps to forming CoP are now underway.
\nThe final afternoon included a panel in which information professionals, managers, program coordinators, and associate directors shared their perspectives on the workshop, on ways in which the USGS could better manage its scientific information, and on the use of CoP as informal mechanisms to complement formal organizational structures. The final session focused on developing the next steps, an action plan, and a communication strategy to ensure continued development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075232","collaboration":"Sponsored by the Coastal and Marine Geology Program, the Enterprise Information Program, Priority Ecosystems Science, the Fort Collins Science Center, and the Central Region Geospatial Information Office","usgsCitation":"Henkel, H., 2007, Proceedings of the first U.S. Geological Survey scientific information management workshop, March 21-23, 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5232, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075232.","productDescription":"94 p.","numberOfPages":"97","temporalStart":"2006-03-21","temporalEnd":"2006-03-23","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20075232.gif"},{"id":10375,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5232/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293102,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5232/pdf/SIR07-5232_508.pdf"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henkel, Heather S. hhenkel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henkel","given":"Heather S.","email":"hhenkel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80559,"text":"sir20075190 - 2007 - Land Subsidence and Aquifer-System Compaction in the Tucson Active Management Area, South-Central Arizona, 1987-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T08:48:26","indexId":"sir20075190","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5190","title":"Land Subsidence and Aquifer-System Compaction in the Tucson Active Management Area, South-Central Arizona, 1987-2005","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey monitors land subsidence and aquifer-system compaction caused by ground-water depletion in Tucson Basin and Avra Valley - two of the three alluvial basins within the Tucson Active Management Area. In spring 1987, the Global Positioning System was used to measure horizontal and vertical positions for bench marks at 43 sites to establish a network for monitoring land subsidence in Tucson Basin and Avra Valley. Between 1987 and 2005, the original number of subsidence monitoring stations was gradually increased to more than 100 stations to meet the need for information in the growing metropolitan area. Data from approximately 60 stations common to the Global Positioning System surveys done after an initial survey in 1987 are used to document land subsidence. For the periods of comparison, average land-surface deformation generally is less than the maximum subsidence at an individual station and takes into account land-surface recovery from elastic aquifer-system compaction. Between 1987 and 1998, as much as 3.2 inches of subsidence occurred in Tucson Basin and as much as 4 inches of subsidence occurred in Avra Valley. For the 31 stations that are common to both the 1987 and 1998 Global Positioning System surveys, the average subsidence during the 11-year period was about 0.5 inch in Tucson Basin and about 1.2 inches in Avra Valley.\r\n\r\nFor the approximately 60 stations that are common to both the 1998 and 2002 Global Positioning System surveys, the data indicate that as much as 3.5 inches of subsidence occurred in Tucson Basin and as much as 1.1 inches of subsidence occurred in Avra Valley. The average subsidence for the 4-year period is about 0.4 inch in Tucson Basin and 0.6 inch in Avra Valley. Between the 2002 and the 2005 Global Positioning System surveys, the data indicate that as much as 0.2 inch of subsidence occurred in Tucson Basin and as much as 2.2 inches of subsidence occurred in Avra Valley. The average subsidence for the 3-year period is about 0.7 inch in Avra Valley.\r\n\r\nBetween 1987 and 2004-05, land subsidence was greater in Avra Valley than in Tucson Basin on the basis of the average cumulative subsidence for the stations that were common to the original Global Positioning System survey in 1987. The average total subsidence during the 17- to 18-year period was about 1.3 inches in Tucson Basin and about 2.8 inches in Avra Valley. Three stations in Tucson Basin showed subsidence greater than 4 inches for the period - 5 inches at stations C45 and X419 and 4.1 inches at station PA4. In Avra Valley, two stations showed subsidence for the 17- to 18-year period greater than 4 inches - 4.3 inches at station AV25 and 4.8 inches at station SA105.\r\n\r\nIn 1983, fourteen wells were fitted with borehole extensometers to monitor water-level fluctuations and aquifer-system compaction. Continuous records of water level and aquifer-system compaction indicate that as much as 45 feet of water-level decline and 4 inches of aquifer-system compaction\r\noccurred in Tucson Basin from January 1989 through December, 2005. In Avra Valley, extensometer data indicate that as much as 55 feet of water-level decline and 1.7 inches of aquifer-system compaction occurred during the same time period. Rates of compaction vary throughout the extensometer network, with the greater rates of compaction being associated with areas of greater water-level decline and more compressible sediments. In Avra Valley, data from the Global Positioning System surveys indicate that more than half of the total subsidence of the land surface may be the result of aquifer-system compaction below the portion of the aquifer instrumented with the vertical extensometers.\r\n\r\nFor the area in the northern part of Tucson Basin between the Rillito and Santa Cruz rivers, an Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar interferogram indicates that about 1.65 inches of subsidence occurred between 2003 and 2006. Between 2002 and 2004, the Global Positioning System ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075190","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources, City of Tucson Water Department, Pima County, the Town of Oro Valley, the Town of Marana, and the Metropolitan Domestic Water Improvement District","usgsCitation":"Carruth, R., Pool, D.R., and Anderson, C.E., 2007, Land Subsidence and Aquifer-System Compaction in the Tucson Active Management Area, South-Central Arizona, 1987-2005 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5190, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075190.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10377,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5190/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.75,31.25 ], [ -111.75,33 ], [ -110.5,33 ], [ -110.5,31.25 ], [ -111.75,31.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af61a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carruth, Rob 0000-0001-7008-2927 rlcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-2927","contributorId":1162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carruth","given":"Rob","email":"rlcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pool, Donald R. drpool@usgs.gov","contributorId":1121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"Donald","email":"drpool@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Carl E.","contributorId":81197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80556,"text":"cir1314 - 2007 - From Projectile Points to Microprocessors - The Influence of Some Industrial Minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:09","indexId":"cir1314","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1314","title":"From Projectile Points to Microprocessors - The Influence of Some Industrial Minerals","docAbstract":"In the language of economic geology, Earth materials are classified as metallic ores, fuel minerals, gemstones, and industrial minerals. Most people know that metallic ores yield shiny, conductive, ductile elements such as copper, iron, or gold. Most understand that energy-producing coals constitute a fuel mineral. Likewise, dazzling rubies and rare sapphires are universally recognized as gemstones. The fourth group, industrial minerals, is largely unknown to the general public, even though industrial minerals are as essential to daily life as metals and fuel minerals. This report examines the occurrence and practical uses of nine important industrial minerals - constituting just a few of the more than 50 industrial minerals that shape human culture.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/cir1314","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, R., 2007, From Projectile Points to Microprocessors - The Influence of Some Industrial Minerals (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1314, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1314.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10374,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1314/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b466d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, Rhonda","contributorId":96716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Rhonda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80558,"text":"ds300 - 2007 - Concentrations of selected pharmaceuticals and antibiotics in south-central Pennsylvania waters, March through September 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:36:59.558576","indexId":"ds300","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"300","title":"Concentrations of selected pharmaceuticals and antibiotics in south-central Pennsylvania waters, March through September 2006","docAbstract":"This report presents environmental and quality-control data from analyses of 15 pharmaceutical and 31 antibiotic compounds in water samples from streams and wells in south-central Pennsylvania. The analyses are part of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) to define concentrations of selected emerging contaminants in streams and well water in Pennsylvania. Sampling was conducted at 11 stream sites and at 6 wells in 9 counties of south-central Pennsylvania. Five of the streams received municipal wastewater and 6 of the streams received runoff from agricultural areas dominated by animal-feeding operations. For all 11 streams, samples were collected at locations upstream and downstream of the municipal effluents or animal-feeding operations. All six wells were in agricultural settings.
A total of 120 environmental samples and 21 quality-control samples were analyzed for the study. Samples were collected at each site in March/April, May, July, and September 2006 to obtain information on changes in concentration that could be related to seasonal use of compounds.
For streams, 13 pharmaceuticals and 11 antibiotics were detected at least 1 time. Detections included analytical results that were estimated or above the minimum reporting limits. Seventy-eight percent of all detections were analyzed in samples collected downstream from municipal-wastewater effluents. For streams receiving wastewater effluents, the pharmaceuticals caffeine and para-xanthine (a degradation product of caffeine) had the greatest concentrations, 4.75 μg/L (micrograms per liter) and 0.853 μg/L, respectively. Other pharmaceuticals and their respective maximum concentrations were carbamazepine (0.516 μg/L) and ibuprofen (0.277 μg/L). For streams receiving wastewater effluents, the antibiotic azithromycin had the greatest concentration (1.65 μg/L), followed by sulfamethoxazole (1.34 μg/L), ofloxacin (0.329 μg/L), and trimethoprim (0.256 μg/L).
For streams receiving runoff from animal-feeding operations, the only pharmaceuticals detected were acetaminophen, caffeine, cotinine, diphenhydramine, and carbamazepine. The maximum concentration for pharmaceuticals was 0.053 μg/L. Three streams receiving runoff from animal-feeding operations had detections of one or more antibiotic compound--oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and tylosin. The maximum concentration for antibiotics was 0.157 μg/L. The average number of compounds (pharmaceuticals and antibiotics) detected in sites downstream from animal-feeding operations was three. The average number of compounds detected downstream from municipal-wastewater effluents was 13.
For wells used to supply livestock, four compounds were detected--two pharmaceuticals (cotinine and diphenhydramine) and two antibiotics (tylosin and sulfamethoxazole). There were five detections in all the well samples. The maximum concentration detected in well water was for cotinine, estimated to be 0.024 μg/L.
Seasonal occurrence of pharmaceutical and antibiotic compounds in stream water varied by compound and site type. At four stream sites, the same compounds were detected in all four seasonal samples. At other sites, pharmaceutical or antibiotic compounds were detected only one time in seasonal samples. Winter samples collected in streams receiving municipalwastewater effluent had the greatest number of compounds detected (21).
Research analytical methods were used to determine concentrations for pharmaceuticals and antibiotics. To assist in evaluating the quality of the analyses, detailed information is presented on laboratory methodology and results from qualitycontrol samples. Quality-control data include results for nine blanks, nine duplicate environmental sample pairs, and three laboratory-spiked environmental samples as well as the recoveries of compounds in laboratory surrogates and laboratory reagent spikes.
A bivalve faunule of six species is described from the Upper Triassic Jiapila Formation at the headwaters of the Yangtze River, southern Qinghai, China. The new species, Neomegalodon cornutus and Quemocuomegalodon circularis, are described. The type species of Quemocuomegalodon, Q. orientus, is revised. Quemocuomegalodon orientus Yao, Sha, and Zhang (2003) is now known from abundant, well-preserved specimens that show great variation in shape, size, thickness of shell, and dentition, and the species Q. longitatus, Yao, Sha, and Zhang (2003) is now placed in synonymy with Q. orientus. There are significant morphologic differences between the external appearance of shelled specimens and the internal molds of species of Quemocuomegalodon. This suggests the need for the re-evaluation of many megalodontid species from elsewhere that are known only from internal molds.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Paleontological Society ","doi":"10.1666/05-152.1","usgsCitation":"Yao, H., Zhang, R., Pojeta, J., Sha, J., and Wang, J., 2007, Late Triassic megalodontids (Bivalvia) from the headwaters of the Yangtze River, Qinghai province, west China: Journal of Paleontology, v. 81, no. 6, p. 1327-1347, https://doi.org/10.1666/05-152.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1327","endPage":"1347","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yao, Huazhou","contributorId":219828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yao","given":"Huazhou","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Renjie","contributorId":219829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Renjie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pojeta, John","contributorId":54512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pojeta","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sha, Jinggen","contributorId":219830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sha","given":"Jinggen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Jianxiong","contributorId":219831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Jianxiong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80553,"text":"sir20075059 - 2007 - Concentrations and Loads of Organic Compounds and Trace Elements in Tributaries to Newark and Raritan Bays, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"sir20075059","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5059","title":"Concentrations and Loads of Organic Compounds and Trace Elements in Tributaries to Newark and Raritan Bays, New Jersey","docAbstract":"A study was undertaken to determine the concentrations and loads of sediment and chemicals delivered to Newark and Raritan Bays by five major tributaries: the Raritan, Passaic, Rahway, Elizabeth, and Hackensack Rivers. This study was initiated by the State of New Jersey as Study I-C of the New Jersey Toxics Reduction Workplan for the New York-New Jersey Harbor, working under the NY-NJ Harbor Estuary Program (HEP) Contaminant Assessment and Reduction Program (CARP). The CARP is a comprehensive effort to evaluate the levels and sources of toxic contaminants to the tributaries and estuarine areas of the NY-NJ Harbor, including Newark and Raritan Bays. The Raritan and Passaic Rivers are large rivers (mean daily discharges of 1,189 and 1,132 cubic feet per second (ft3/s), respectively), that drain large, mixed rural/urban basins. The Elizabeth and Rahway Rivers are small rivers (mean daily discharges of 25.9 and 49.1 ft3/s, respectively) that drain small, highly urbanized and industrialized basins. The Hackensack River drains a small, mixed rural/urban basin, and its flow is highly controlled by an upstream reservoir (mean daily discharge of 90.4 ft3/s). These rivers flow into urbanized estuaries and ultimately, to the Atlantic Ocean.\r\n\r\nEach of these tributaries were sampled during two to four storm events, and twice each during low-flow discharge conditions. Samples were collected using automated equipment installed at stations adjacent to U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations near the heads-of-tide of these rivers. Large-volume (greater than 50 liters of water and a target of 1 gram of sediment), flow-weighted composite samples were collected for chemical analysis using filtration to collect suspended particulates and exchange resin (XAD-2) to sequester dissolved contaminants. Composite whole-water samples were collected for dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and for trace element analysis. Additional discrete grab samples were collected throughout each event for trace-element analysis, and multiple samples were collected for suspended sediment (SS), particulate carbon (POC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) analysis. The suspended sediment and exchange resin were analyzed for 114 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, by US EPA method 1668A, modified), seven 2,3,7,8-substituted chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDD) and 10 dibenzo-p-difurans (CDF) (by US EPA method 1613), 24 PAHs (by low-resolution isotope dilution/mass-spectral methods), 27 organo-chlorine pesticides (OCPs) (by high resolution isotope dilution/mass-spectral methods), and the trace elements mercury (Hg), methyl-mercury (MeHg), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd). Isotope dilution methods using gas chromatography and high-and low-resolution mass spectral (GC/MS) detection were used to accurately identify and quantify organic compounds in the sediment and water phases. Trace elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry methods.\r\n\r\nThe loads of sediment, carbon, and chemicals were calculated for each storm and low-flow event sampled. Because only a few storm events were sampled, yearly loads of sediment were calculated from rating curves developed using historical SS and POC data. The average annual loads of sediment and carbon were calculated for the period 1975-2000, along with the loads for the selected water years being modeled as part of the New York New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program CARP. Comparison of loads calculated using the rating curve method to loads measured during the sampled storm events indicated that the rating curve method likely underpredicts annual loads.\r\n\r\nAverage annual loads of suspended sediment in the tributaries were estimated to be 395,000 kilograms per year (kg/yr) in the Hackensack River, 417,000 kg/yr in the Elizabeth River, 882,000 kg/yr in the Rahway River, 22,700,000 kg/yr in the Passaic River, and 93,100,000 kg/yr in the Raritan River. Averag","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075059","collaboration":"Prepared for the New Jersey Toxics Reduction Workplan for NY-NJ Harbor Ambient Monitoring of Loading to Major Tributaries at Head-of-Tide Study I-C","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T.P., and Bonin, J., 2007, Concentrations and Loads of Organic Compounds and Trace Elements in Tributaries to Newark and Raritan Bays, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5059, xii, 177 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075059.","productDescription":"xii, 177 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10371,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5059/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.75,40 ], [ -74.75,41.25 ], [ -73.58333333333333,41.25 ], [ -73.58333333333333,40 ], [ -74.75,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5617","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Timothy P. 0000-0003-1914-6344 tpwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-6344","contributorId":3752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Timothy","email":"tpwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonin, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-7631-9734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-9734","contributorId":59404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80552,"text":"fs20073090 - 2007 - Somerset County Flood Information System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"fs20073090","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3090","title":"Somerset County Flood Information System","docAbstract":"The timely warning of a flood is crucial to the protection of lives and property. One has only to recall the floods of August 2, 1973, September 16 and 17, 1999, and April 16, 2007, in Somerset County, New Jersey, in which lives were lost and major property damage occurred, to realize how costly, especially in terms of human life, an unexpected flood can be. Accurate forecasts and warnings cannot be made, however, without detailed information about precipitation and streamflow in the drainage basin.\r\n\r\nSince the mid 1960's, the National Weather Service (NWS) has been able to forecast flooding on larger streams in Somerset County, such as the Raritan and Millstone Rivers. Flooding on smaller streams in urban areas was more difficult to predict. In response to this problem the NWS, in cooperation with the Green Brook Flood Control Commission, installed a precipitation gage in North Plainfield, and two flash-flood alarms, one on Green Brook at Seeley Mills and one on Stony Brook at Watchung, in the early 1970's.\r\n\r\nIn 1978, New Jersey's first countywide flood-warning system was installed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Somerset County. This system consisted of a network of eight stage and discharge gages equipped with precipitation gages linked by telephone telemetry and eight auxiliary precipitation gages. The gages were installed throughout the county to collect precipitation and runoff data that could be used to improve flood-monitoring capabilities and flood-frequency estimates.\r\n\r\nRecognizing the need for more detailed hydrologic information for Somerset County, the USGS, in cooperation with Somerset County, designed and installed the Somerset County Flood Information System (SCFIS) in 1990. This system is part of a statewide network of stream gages, precipitation gages, weather stations, and tide gages that collect data in real time. The data provided by the SCFIS improve the flood forecasting ability of the NWS and aid Somerset County and municipal agencies in the planning and execution of flood-preparation and emergency-evacuation procedures in the county. This fact sheet describes the SCFIS and identifies its benefits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073090","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Somerset County Division of Engineering","usgsCitation":"Hoppe, H.L., 2007, Somerset County Flood Information System: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3090, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073090.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3090.jpg"},{"id":10370,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,40 ], [ -75,41 ], [ -74,41 ], [ -74,40 ], [ -75,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d8e4b07f02db549533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoppe, Heidi L. hhoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoppe","given":"Heidi","email":"hhoppe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80554,"text":"sir20075112 - 2007 - Hydrogeologic characteristics of the St. Croix River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin: Implications for the susceptibility of ground water to potential contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T22:01:39.136721","indexId":"sir20075112","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5112","title":"Hydrogeologic characteristics of the St. Croix River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin: Implications for the susceptibility of ground water to potential contamination","docAbstract":"Population growth in the St. Croix River Basin in Minnesota and Wisconsin has intensified concerns of county resource managers and the National Park Service, which is charged with protecting the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway, about the potential for ground-water contamination in the basin. This report describes a previously developed method that was adapted to illustrate potential ground-water-contamination susceptibility in the St. Croix River Basin. The report also gives an estimate of ground-water-residence time and surface-water/ground-water interaction as related to natural attenuation and movement of contaminants in five tributary basins.
A ground-water-contamination-susceptibility map was adapted from a state-wide map of Wisconsin to the St. Croix River Basin by use of well-driller construction records and regional maps of aquifer properties in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Measures of various subsurface properties were combined to generate a spatial index of susceptibility. The subjective index method developed for the State of Wisconsin by Schmidt (1987)1 was not derived from analyses of water-quality data or physical processes. Nonetheless, it was adapted for this report to furnish a seamless map across state boundaries that would be familiar to many resource managers. Following this method, areas most susceptible to contamination appear to have coarse-grained sediments (sands or gravels) and shallow water tables or are underlain by carbonate-bedrock aquifers. The least susceptible areas appear to have fine-grained sediments and deep water tables. If an aquifer becomes contaminated, the ground-water-residence time can affect potential natural attenuation along the ground-water-flow path. Mean basin ground-water-residence times were computed for the Apple, Kettle, Kinnickinnic, Snake and Sunrise River Basins, which are tributary basins to the St. Croix Basin, by use of average aquifer properties of saturated thickness, porosity, and recharge rates. The Apple River Basin had the shortest mean ground-water-residence times (20–120 years), owing largely to the moderate saturated thickness and high recharge rate in the basin. The Kinnickinnic and Sunrise River Basins had the longest mean residence times (60–350 and 70–390 years, respectively) chiefly because of the relatively large saturated thickness of the basins. Owing to limitations of the residence-time calculations, actual ground-water-residence times will vary around the mean values within each basin and may range from days or weeks in karst carbonate aquifers to millennia in deep confined sandstone aquifers.
Areas of relatively short residence time (less than the median residence time in each basin) were identified by use of ground-water-flow models for each of the five tributary basins. Results of simulations show that these areas, in which contaminants may have relatively less time for natural attenuation along the short flow paths, generally occur near streams and rivers where ground water discharges to the surface. Finally, the ground-water-flow models were used to simulate ground-water/surface-water interaction in the five tributary basins. Results of simulations show that some lakes and reservoirs leak surface water into the ground-water-flow system on their downgradient side, where the surface-water outflow has been restricted by a dam or a naturally constricted outlet. These locations are noteworthy because contaminated surface waters could potentially enter the ground-water-flow system at these locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Juckem, P.F., 2007, Hydrogeologic characteristics of the St. Croix River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin: Implications for the susceptibility of ground water to potential contamination: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5112, v, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075112.","productDescription":"v, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192096,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415611,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82588.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10373,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5112/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.5667,\n 46.6667\n ],\n [\n -93.5667,\n 44.75\n ],\n [\n -91.1333,\n 44.75\n ],\n [\n -91.1333,\n 46.6667\n ],\n [\n -93.5667,\n 46.6667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a883f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juckem, Paul F. 0000-0002-3613-1761 pfjuckem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-1761","contributorId":1905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"Paul","email":"pfjuckem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80551,"text":"sir20075035 - 2007 - Anthropogenic Organic Compounds in Ground Water and Finished Water of Community Water Systems near Dayton, Ohio, 2002-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"sir20075035","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5035","title":"Anthropogenic Organic Compounds in Ground Water and Finished Water of Community Water Systems near Dayton, Ohio, 2002-04","docAbstract":"Source water for 15 community-water-system (CWS) wells in the vicinity of Dayton, Ohio, was sampled to evaluate the occurrence of 258 anthropogenic compounds (AOCs). At least one AOC was detected in 12 of the 15 samples. Most samples contained a mixture of compounds (average of four compounds per sample). The compounds that were detected in more than 30 percent of the samples included three volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (trichloroethene, chloroform, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane) and four pesticides or pesticide breakdown products (prometon, simazine, atrazine, and deethylatrazine). In general, VOCs were detected at higher concentrations than pesticides were; among the VOCs, the maximum detected concentration was 4.8 ?g/L (for trichloroethene), whereas among the pesticides, the maximum detected concentration was 0.041 ?g/L (for atrazine).\r\n\r\nDuring a later phase of the study, samples of source water from five CWS wells were compared to samples of finished water associated with each well. In general, VOC detections were higher in finished water than in source water, primarily due to the occurrence of trihalomethanes, which are compounds that can form during the treatment process. In contrast, pesticide detections were relatively similar between source- and finished-water samples.\r\n\r\nTo assess the human-health relevance of the data, concentrations of AOCs were compared to their respective human-health benchmarks. For pesticides, the maximum detected concentrations were at least 2 orders of magnitude less than the benchmark values. However, three VOCs - trichloroethene, carbon tetrachloride, and tetrachloromethane - were detected at concentrations that approach human-health benchmarks and therefore may warrant inclusion in a low-concentration, trends monitoring program.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075035","usgsCitation":"Thomas, M.A., 2007, Anthropogenic Organic Compounds in Ground Water and Finished Water of Community Water Systems near Dayton, Ohio, 2002-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5035, vi, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075035.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10455,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b2c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Mary Ann mathomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Mary","email":"mathomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80550,"text":"sim2953 - 2007 - Geologic Map of Part of the Western Hellas Planitia, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T14:33:16","indexId":"sim2953","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2953","title":"Geologic Map of Part of the Western Hellas Planitia, Mars","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nRock units were deposited on Mars by meteorite impact, volcanism, wind, flowing water, standing water, and ice, acting separately or in concert. Hellas Planitia, the deepest tract on Mars, is a broad depression lying within the high-rimmed, approximately 2,300-km-wide Hellas impact basin. The basin and the planitia are centered about 250 km east of the southeast corner of the map area. Like other stratigraphy-based planetary mapping (Wilhelms, 1990), we suggest the most likely origins for age relations and morphologies visible in the map area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2953","isbn":"9781411317635","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Moore, J., and Wilhelms, D.E., 2007, Geologic Map of Part of the Western Hellas Planitia, Mars (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2953, Map Sheet: 45 x 37 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2953.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 45 x 37 inches","costCenters":[{"id":130,"text":"Astrogeology Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10369,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2953","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1004000","projection":"Transverse Mercator","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a81fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":102585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Jeffrey M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilhelms, Don E.","contributorId":28972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelms","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80545,"text":"sir20075162 - 2007 - Bankfull Regional Curves for Streams in the Non-Urban, Non-Tidal Coastal Plain Physiographic Province, Virginia and Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:39","indexId":"sir20075162","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5162","title":"Bankfull Regional Curves for Streams in the Non-Urban, Non-Tidal Coastal Plain Physiographic Province, Virginia and Maryland","docAbstract":"Natural-channel design involves constructing a stream channel with the dimensions, slope, and plan-view pattern that would be expected to transport water and sediment and yet maintain habitat and aesthetics consistent with unimpaired reaches. The adequate description of channel geometry in unimpaired reaches often is an important component of natural-channel design projects and can be facilitated through empirical regression relations, or regional curves, relating bankfull geometry to drainage area. One-variable, ordinary least-squares regressions relating bankfull discharge, bankfull cross-sectional area, bankfull width, and bankfull mean depth to drainage area were developed based on data collected at 20 streamflow-gaging stations in Virginia and Maryland. These regional curves can be used to estimate the bankfull discharge and bankfull channel geometry when the drainage area of a watershed is known.\r\n\r\nField data collected at the site for each streamflow-gaging station included one longitudinal profile of bankfull features and channel-bed slope, two riffle cross-section surveys of channel geometry, cross-section pebble counts, and one site sketch with photographs of the channel and bankfull features. The top of the bank was the bankfull feature most indicative of bankfull geometry. Field data were analyzed to determine bankfull cross-sectional area, bankfull width, bankfull mean depth, and D50- and D84-particle sizes for the two riffles at each site. The bankfull geometry from the 8 sites surveyed during this study represents the average of two riffle cross sections for each site, and the bankfull geometry from the 12 Maryland sites represents one cross section for each site. Regional curves developed for the 20 sites had coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.945, 0.890, 0.871, and 0.793 for bankfull cross-sectional area, width, mean depth, and discharge, respectively. The regional curves represent conditions for streams with defined channels and bankfull features in Virginia and Maryland with drainage areas ranging from 0.28 to 113 square miles. All sites included in the development of the regional curves were located on streams with U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations. These curves can be used to verify bankfull features identified in the field and bankfull stage for ungaged streams in non-urban areas.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075162","isbn":"9781411320000","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program and the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation Coastal Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program","usgsCitation":"Krstolic, J.L., and Chaplin, J.J., 2007, Bankfull Regional Curves for Streams in the Non-Urban, Non-Tidal Coastal Plain Physiographic Province, Virginia and Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5162, vi, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075162.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5162.jpg"},{"id":10367,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.5,36.5 ], [ -79.5,39.5 ], [ -74.5,39.5 ], [ -74.5,36.5 ], [ -79.5,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649d26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krstolic, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-2253-9886 jkrstoli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2253-9886","contributorId":3677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krstolic","given":"Jennifer","email":"jkrstoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chaplin, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-0617-5050 jchaplin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-5050","contributorId":147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaplin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jchaplin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80544,"text":"sim2987 - 2007 - High-resolution bathymetry and topography of south San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:22:00","indexId":"sim2987","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2987","title":"High-resolution bathymetry and topography of south San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"This map consists of a view of the southern end of San Francisco bay with the water 'removed.' The image is overlain by a set of six figures:
\n\n
- Figure 1. Perspective view looking southeast down south San Francisco Bay.
\n- Figure 2. Perspective view looking east with the Diablo Range in the distance.
\n- Figure 3. Perspective view looking southwest over Bair Island toward Redwood City.
\n- Figure 4. Perspective view looking northwest over the Coyote Hills.
\n- Figure 5. Perspective view looking north toward Newark Slough and the Coyote Hills.
\n- Figure 6. Perspective view looking southeast toward Coyote Creek, Guadalupe Slough, and the Alviso Salt Ponds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim2987","usgsCitation":"Foxgrover, A., Dartnell, P., Jaffe, B.E., Takekawa, J.Y., and Athearn, N.D., 2007, High-resolution bathymetry and topography of south San Francisco Bay, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2987, Map: 36.0 x 33.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2987.","productDescription":"Map: 36.0 x 33.0 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110749,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_82593.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"82593"},{"id":10365,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2987/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":292908,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2987/SIM-2987.pdf"},{"id":192216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim2987.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Mercator Transverse projection","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.333333,37.5 ], [ -122.333333,37.666667 ], [ -122.0,37.666667 ], [ -122.0,37.5 ], [ -122.333333,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68888c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foxgrover, Amy C.","contributorId":45775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxgrover","given":"Amy C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Athearn, Nicole D.","contributorId":71273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Athearn","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80549,"text":"gip38 - 2007 - Ride the Rockies! 2006 Geology Highlights, Cortez to Canon City June 18-June 23, 2006, 419 Miles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:10","indexId":"gip38","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"38","title":"Ride the Rockies! 2006 Geology Highlights, Cortez to Canon City June 18-June 23, 2006, 419 Miles","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/gip38","usgsCitation":"Slate, J.L., and VanSistine, D., 2007, Ride the Rockies! 2006 Geology Highlights, Cortez to Canon City June 18-June 23, 2006, 419 Miles: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 38, Poster: 57 x 35 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip38.","productDescription":"Poster: 57 x 35 inches","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13238,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://my.usgs.gov/Public/CRDO/rtr/2006/pdf/rtr_06-Poster.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a11e4b07f02db60074a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slate, Janet L. 0000-0002-2870-9068 jslate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-9068","contributorId":252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slate","given":"Janet","email":"jslate@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanSistine, D. Paco 0000-0003-1166-2547","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-2547","contributorId":61906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanSistine","given":"D. Paco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80538,"text":"ofr20071303 - 2007 - Age Determination of the Remaining Peat in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:39","indexId":"ofr20071303","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1303","title":"Age Determination of the Remaining Peat in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California was once a 1,400 square kilometer (km2) tidal marsh, which contained a vast layer of peat ranging up to 15 meters (m) thick (Atwater and Belknap, 1980). Because of its favorable climate and highly fertile peat soils, the majority of the Delta was drained and reclaimed for agriculture during the late 1800s and early 1900s. Drainage of the peat soils changed the conditions in the surface layers of peat from anaerobic (having no free oxygen present) to aerobic (exposed to the atmosphere). This change in conditions greatly increased the decomposition rate of the peat, which consists largely of organic (plant) matter. Thus began the process of land-surface subsidence, which initially was a result of peat shrinkage and compaction, and later largely was a result of oxidation by which organic carbon in the peat essentially vaporized to carbon dioxide (Deverel and others, 1998; Ingebritsen and Ikehara, 1999). Because of subsidence, the land-surface elevation on farmed islands in the Delta has decreased from a few meters to as much as 8 m below local mean sea level (California Department of Water Resources, 1995; Steve Deverel, Hydrofocus, Inc., written commun., 2007).\r\n\r\nThe USGS, in collaboration with the University of California at Davis, and Hydrofocus Inc. of Davis, California, has been studying the formation of the Delta and the impact of wetland reclamation on the peat column as part of a project called Rates and Evolution of Peat Accretion through Time (REPEAT). The purpose of this report is to provide results on the age of the remaining peat soils on four farmed islands in the Delta.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071303","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J., de Fontaine, C.S., and Knifong, D.L., 2007, Age Determination of the Remaining Peat in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1303, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071303.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10359,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1303/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.91666666666667,37.833333333333336 ], [ -121.91666666666667,38.25 ], [ -121.41666666666667,38.25 ], [ -121.41666666666667,37.833333333333336 ], [ -121.91666666666667,37.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6897fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":8941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Fontaine, Christian S.","contributorId":21236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Fontaine","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}