{"pageNumber":"2263","pageRowStart":"56550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68869,"records":[{"id":11268,"text":"ofr781028 - 1978 - Flood-plain delineation for Horsepen Run, Sugarland Run, Nichols Run, Pond Branch, Clarks Branch, and Mine Run Branch basins, Fairfax County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T18:46:44.147903","indexId":"ofr781028","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1028","title":"Flood-plain delineation for Horsepen Run, Sugarland Run, Nichols Run, Pond Branch, Clarks Branch, and Mine Run Branch basins, Fairfax County, Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Water-surface profiles of the 25-year and 100-year floods and maps on which the 25-, 50-, and 100-year flood boundaries are delineated for streams in the Horsepen Run, Sugarland Run, Nichols Run, and Pond Branch basins are presented in this report.</p><p>The techniques used in the computation of the flood profiles and delineation of flood boundaries are presented, and specific hydraulic problems encountered within the study area are also included.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr781028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the County of Fairfax","usgsCitation":"Soule, P.L., 1978, Flood-plain delineation for Horsepen Run, Sugarland Run, Nichols Run, Pond Branch, Clarks Branch, and Mine Run Branch basins, Fairfax County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1028, v, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781028.","productDescription":"v, 97 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Pat LeRoy","contributorId":33320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soule","given":"Pat","email":"","middleInitial":"LeRoy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29723,"text":"wri7855 - 1978 - Inflatable straddle packers and associated equipment for hydraulic fracturing and hydrologic testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T09:50:06","indexId":"wri7855","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-55","title":"Inflatable straddle packers and associated equipment for hydraulic fracturing and hydrologic testing","docAbstract":"<p>Independent aquifer testing is the only way to fully understand the hydrology encountered in boreholes intersecting multiple aquifers. The most feasible method to accomplish the testing of multiple aquifer wells is through the use inflatable packers. The straddle packers and associated equipment herein described arE valuable tools for making isolated aquifer tests as well as conducting hydraulic fracturing experiments. The system, due to design, permits multiple tests in a bore-hole without the necessity of tripping in and out of the hole to redress the packers prior to testing each zone. Electronic pressure transducers, the output of which was fed into strip-chart recorders, were used to monitor the zone being tested, as well as to monitor the zones above and below the packers. This was necessary to ensure that no leaking had occurred around the packers, causing hydraulic continuity between the isolated zones.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7855","usgsCitation":"Shuter, E., and Pemberton, R.R., 1978, Inflatable straddle packers and associated equipment for hydraulic fracturing and hydrologic testing: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-55, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7855.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0055/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359407,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0055/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shuter, Eugene","contributorId":93890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuter","given":"Eugene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pemberton, Robert R.","contributorId":8143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pemberton","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":9048,"text":"ofr78604 - 1978 - Index of the National Atlas of the United States of America (1970)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:19","indexId":"ofr78604","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-604","title":"Index of the National Atlas of the United States of America (1970)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78604","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Index of the National Atlas of the United States of America (1970): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-604, 82 p.; 7 cards ;11 x 15 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78604.","productDescription":"82 p.; 7 cards ;11 x 15 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f26b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27400,"text":"wri77128 - 1978 - Reaeration capacity of the Rock River between Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin and Rockton, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T10:05:26","indexId":"wri77128","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-128","title":"Reaeration capacity of the Rock River between Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin and Rockton, Illinois","docAbstract":"<p>The reaeration capacity of the Rock River from Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin, to Rockton, Illinois, was determined using the energy-dissipation model. The model was calibrated using data from radioactive-tracer measurements in the study reach. Reaeration coefficients (K2) were computed for the annual minimum 7-day mean discharge that occurs on the average of once in 10 years (Q7,10). A time-of-travel model was developed using river discharge, slope, and velocity data from three dye studies. The model was used to estimate traveltime for the Q7,10 for use in the energy-dissipation model. During one radiotracer study, 17 mile per hour winds apparently increased the reaeration coefficient about 40 times. (Woodard-USGS)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri77128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Grant, R.S., 1978, Reaeration capacity of the Rock River between Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin and Rockton, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-128, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri77128.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0128/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56260,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0128/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Koshkonong, Rock River, Rockton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.25567626953125,\n              42.49741548732684\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.25567626953125,\n              42.86086645611156\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.75991821289062,\n              42.86086645611156\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.75991821289062,\n              42.49741548732684\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.25567626953125,\n              42.49741548732684\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, R. Stephen","contributorId":83125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11331,"text":"ofr78605 - 1978 - Ground-water levels in Wyoming, 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:25","indexId":"ofr78605","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-605","title":"Ground-water levels in Wyoming, 1977","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78605","usgsCitation":"Stevens, M.D., 1978, Ground-water levels in Wyoming, 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-605, iv, 203 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78605.","productDescription":"iv, 203 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0605/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39140,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0605/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69855b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Marvin D.","contributorId":18774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27136,"text":"wri77133 - 1978 - Chemical quality of ground water in the central Sacramento Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:06:45","indexId":"wri77133","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-133","title":"Chemical quality of ground water in the central Sacramento Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>The study area of this report includes about 1,200 square miles in the central Sacramento Valley adjacent to the Sacramento River from Knights Landing to Los Molinos. With recent agricultural development in the area, additional land has been brought under irrigation from land which had been used primarily for dry farming and grazing. This report documents the chemical character of the ground water prior to water-level declines resulting from extensive pumping for irrigation or to changes caused by extensive use of imported surface water.</p><p>Chemical analyses of samples from 209 wells show that most of the area is underlain by ground water of a quality suitable for most agricultural and domestic purposes.</p><p>Most of the water sampled in the area has dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from 100 to 700 milligrams per liter. The general water types for the area are a calcium magnesium bicarbonate or magnesium calcium bicarbonate and there are negligible amounts of toxic trace elements.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri77133","usgsCitation":"Fogelman, R.P., 1978, Chemical quality of ground water in the central Sacramento Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-133, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri77133.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0133/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359500,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0133/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.18719482421874,\n              38.56105262446978\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.02813720703125,\n              38.56105262446978\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.02813720703125,\n              40.17887331434696\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.18719482421874,\n              40.17887331434696\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.18719482421874,\n              38.56105262446978\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e35e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fogelman, Ronald P.","contributorId":62597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogelman","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11067,"text":"ofr78515 - 1978 - A computer program for borehole compensation of dual-detector density well logs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:29","indexId":"ofr78515","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-515","title":"A computer program for borehole compensation of dual-detector density well logs","docAbstract":"The computer program described in this report was developed for applying a borehole-rugosity and mudcake compensation algorithm to dual-density logs using the following information: the water level in the drill hole, hole diameter (from a caliper log if available, or the nominal drill diameter if not), and the two gamma-ray count rate logs from the near and far detectors of the density probe. The equations that represent the compensation algorithm and the calibration of the two detectors (for converting countrate or density) were derived specifically for a probe manufactured by Comprobe Inc. (5.4 cm O.D. dual-density-caliper); they are not applicable to other probes. However, equivalent calibration and compensation equations can be empirically determined for any other similar two-detector density probes and substituted in the computer program listed in this report.\r\n\r\n* Use of brand names in this report does not necessarily constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78515","usgsCitation":"Scott, J.H., 1978, A computer program for borehole compensation of dual-detector density well logs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-515, 7 leaves ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78515.","productDescription":"7 leaves ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0515/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38828,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0515/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0a3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, James Henry","contributorId":60211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11452,"text":"ofr78693 - 1978 - Ice-gouged microrelief on the floor of the eastern Chukchi Sea, Alaska: a reconnaissance survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:34","indexId":"ofr78693","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-693","title":"Ice-gouged microrelief on the floor of the eastern Chukchi Sea, Alaska: a reconnaissance survey","docAbstract":"Side-scan sonar and bathymetric records obtained from 1,800 km of trackline from the eastern Chukchi Sea continental shelf, between water depths of 20 and 70 m show the ubiquitous presence of furrow-like linear depressions produced by gouging of the sea bed by ice keels. These sea bed micro-features are regionally widespread but are not uniformly distributed. Furthermore, the microrelief, texture, and lithologic structure of sea bed sediments have been significantly modified by the disruptive processes associated with ice gouge formation. \r\n\r\nAn analysis of some 10,.200 individual gouges shows that the density of ice gouges increases with increasing latitude, increasing slope gradients, and decreasing water depth. Across the northern half of the shelf few trackline segments are free of ice gouges; in the southern portion numerous segments contain no ice gouges. However, ice gouges extend at least as far south as Cape Prince of Wales Shoal. Densities of over 200 gouges per km of trackline are not uncommon in water depths less than 30 m ,but no values higher than 50 km are encountered in water deeper than 50 m. No ice gouges have been observed in water depths exceeding 58 m. Saturation ice gouge densities (greater than 300/Pan) occur along the eastern side 6f Barrow Sea Valley and the northeast flank of Hanna Shoal. \r\n\r\nMaximum gouge incision depths per km of trackline are greatest in water 36 to 50 m deep . A maximum incision depth of 4.5 m occurs in the 35-40 m water depth interval. Individual ice gouge events wider than 100 m, most produced by multi-keeled ice fragments, are found between 31 and 45 m depths. The dominant azimuth of gouge furrows shows no preferred orientation on the Chukchi Sea shelf; only locally does bathmetric control of the trend of gouges appear. \r\n\r\nThe occurrence of current-produced bedforms within individual ice gouges suggests an interaction between slow-moving grounded or gouging ice keels and swift currents. In other cases, current-produced bedforms, interpreted as being in equilibrium with existing flow regimes, lie adjacent to ice gouges, suggesting contemporary ice gouging to water depths of at least 43 m.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78693","usgsCitation":"Toimil, L.J., 1978, Ice-gouged microrelief on the floor of the eastern Chukchi Sea, Alaska: a reconnaissance survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-693, 44, [68] leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (113 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78693.","productDescription":"44, [68] leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (113 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0693/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39316,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0693/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb725","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toimil, Lawrence J.","contributorId":53806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toimil","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10885,"text":"ofr78776 - 1978 - Preliminary sulfur isotope investigations of mineral deposits in the Precambrian shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-24T17:33:27.756937","indexId":"ofr78776","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-776","title":"Preliminary sulfur isotope investigations of mineral deposits in the Precambrian shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>Massive sulfide deposits and sulfide-bearing veins in Saudi Arabia show a wide range in <span>δ</span><sup>34</sup>S values from very negative to strongly positive and cover almost the entire range observed for ore deposits in nature.</p><p>Massive sulfide deposits that have very negative values (Wadi Wassat and Wadi Qatan) formed as syngenetic sedimentary deposits in stagnant, euxinic basins. Deposits that have large positive values (Khnaiguiyah and Al Amar) were formed by sea water hydrothermal systems.</p><p>Gold- and silver-bearing veins whose <span>δ</span><sup>34</sup>S values fall near 0 permil (Mand adh Dhahab and Samrah) are believed to have derived both sulfur and metals from magmatic sources. Massive sulfide deposits whose <span>δ</span><sup>34</sup>S values range from slightly negative to slightly positive (Kutam, Al Masane, Wadi Bidah, and Jabal Sayid) are thought to have been formed largely from sea water hydrothermal systems, though deep-seated contributions of sulfur cannot be ruled out. Some deposits in this group (Nuqrah and AT Ridayniyah) appear to have derived their sulfur from volcanic exhalative sources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78776","usgsCitation":"Roberts, R.J., Rye, R.O., and Mawad, M.M., 1978, Preliminary sulfur isotope investigations of mineral deposits in the Precambrian shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-776, ii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78776.","productDescription":"ii, 19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413414,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0776/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145621,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0776/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              34.728029294132284,\n              28.99826069483788\n            ],\n            [\n              34.728029294132284,\n              17.221462718170713\n            ],\n            [\n              55.48802991062243,\n              17.221462718170713\n            ],\n            [\n              55.48802991062243,\n              28.99826069483788\n            ],\n            [\n              34.728029294132284,\n              28.99826069483788\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aabe4b07f02db669d9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Ralph Jackson","contributorId":63010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"Jackson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":162138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mawad, Mustafa M.","contributorId":43779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mawad","given":"Mustafa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":63778,"text":"gp921 - 1978 - Aeromagnetic map of West Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":41632,"text":"ofr76780 - 1976 - Aeromagnetic map of the northern part of West Virginia","indexId":"ofr76780","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of the northern part of West Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":63778,"text":"gp921 - 1978 - Aeromagnetic map of West Virginia","indexId":"gp921","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of West Virginia"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":42086,"text":"ofr74337 - 1974 - Aeromagnetic map of the central part of West Virginia","indexId":"ofr74337","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of the central part of West Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":63778,"text":"gp921 - 1978 - Aeromagnetic map of West Virginia","indexId":"gp921","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of West Virginia"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":42136,"text":"ofr7447 - 1974 - Aeromagnetic map of the southern part of West Virginia","indexId":"ofr7447","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of the southern part of West Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":63778,"text":"gp921 - 1978 - Aeromagnetic map of West Virginia","indexId":"gp921","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of West Virginia"},"id":3}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T20:02:40.251827","indexId":"gp921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"921","title":"Aeromagnetic map of West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. 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Virginia\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10611,"text":"ofr78412 - 1978 - Management of flood-plain vegetation, 1967 to 1972, San Carlos Indian Reservation, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-13T08:38:25","indexId":"ofr78412","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-412","title":"Management of flood-plain vegetation, 1967 to 1972, San Carlos Indian Reservation, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>During 1967-71, 15,800 acres of flood-plain vegetation were cleared from a 26-mile reach of the Gila River valley and a 9-mile reach of the San Carlos River valley. Both areas are on the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona. The area cleared in the Gila River valley included the Gila River Phreatophyte Project and the clearing was conducted as prescribed by the experimental design of that research program. Establishment of replacement vegetation was attempted on the cleared areas with indifferent success.</p><p>The report outlines methods used to remove the vegetation and to discourage its subsequent regrowth. Costs of the clearing operation are given by vegetation type, and descriptions of the procedures used for establishing new vegetation are given. </p><p>Clearing and subsequent maintenance of parts of the flood plain were hampered by channel clogging and subsequent flooding of adjacent areas. Part of the area selected for clearing lies within the San Carlos Reservoir. The wide range of water level in the reservoir further aggravated maintenance of an inflow channel. Both draglines and a dredge were used to open a channel to the reservoir. Because the flow of the Gila River is intermittent, vegetation becomes established in the channel at the head of the reservoir during periods of no flow. The report concludes that the presence of the vegetation promotes silt deposition and further clogging. Inflow channel maintenance is a persistent problem that will require well-planned repetitive clearing of vegetation at the head of the reservoir. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78412","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Park, D., Culler, R.C., and Turner, R.M., 1978, Management of flood-plain vegetation, 1967 to 1972, San Carlos Indian Reservation, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-412, Report: viii, 21 p.; 22 Plates: 34.62 x 41.84 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78412.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 21 p.; 22 Plates: 34.62 x 41.84 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":348649,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0412/figure-10.pdf","text":"Figure 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3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":348643,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0412/figure-4.pdf","text":"Figure 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":348644,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0412/figure-5.pdf","text":"Figure 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":348645,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0412/figure-6.pdf","text":"Figure 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":348651,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0412/figure-12.pdf","text":"Figure 12","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":348652,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0412/figure-13.pdf","text":"Figure 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18","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":348658,"rank":22,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0412/figure-19.pdf","text":"Figure 19","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":348659,"rank":23,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0412/figure-20.pdf","text":"Figure 20","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":348646,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0412/figure-7.pdf","text":"Figure 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":348650,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0412/figure-11.pdf","text":"Figure 11","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":348660,"rank":24,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0412/figure-21.pdf","text":"Figure 21","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":348647,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0412/figure-8.pdf","text":"Figure 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"San Carlos Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.67352294921875,\n              32.771109949890445\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.500732421875,\n              32.771109949890445\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.500732421875,\n              33.77229828866843\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67352294921875,\n              33.77229828866843\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67352294921875,\n              32.771109949890445\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db6285c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Park, D.M.","contributorId":34923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culler, R. C.","contributorId":22322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, R. M.","contributorId":62585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":10893,"text":"ofr7810 - 1978 - Description of wells at Beale Air Force Base and vicinity, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T08:21:50","indexId":"ofr7810","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-10","title":"Description of wells at Beale Air Force Base and vicinity, California","docAbstract":"<p>The study area occupies approximately 168 square miles of the Sacramento Valley. The study area boundary is the Yuba River in the north, the Feather River in the west, the Bear River in the south, and the Sierra Nevada foothills in the east.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Between December 1976 and March 1977, 640 wells were selectively canvassed and 274 water levels were taken in the wells canvassed Thirty-six water levels measured in March and April 1976 are recorded in this report. Descriptive data for water wells and water levels are recorded in table 1, and location of wells is shown on maps 1-23.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr7810","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Air Force","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, G.L., 1978, Description of wells at Beale Air Force Base and vicinity, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-10, iv, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7810.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287769,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287768,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0010/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Beale Air Force Base;Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.699643,38.900717 ], [ -121.699643,39.19919 ], [ -121.248773,39.19919 ], [ -121.248773,38.900717 ], [ -121.699643,38.900717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aabe4b07f02db66990f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Gerald L.","contributorId":55401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8798,"text":"ofr78821 - 1978 - Water-quality data from a sludge disposal test site, St. Petersburg, Florida, November 1973-July 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:19","indexId":"ofr78821","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-821","title":"Water-quality data from a sludge disposal test site, St. Petersburg, Florida, November 1973-July 1977","docAbstract":"From November 1973 to July 1977, water samples were collected from wells to identify background water-quality conditions and to determine the effects on ground-water quality by St. Petersburg 's sludge-disposal operation (sod farm). Specific conductance and pH were determined in the field. Samples were collected for laboratory determination of selected nitrogen and phosphorus species, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, trace metals, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand, and coliforms. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78821","usgsCitation":"Fernandez, M., 1978, Water-quality data from a sludge disposal test site, St. Petersburg, Florida, November 1973-July 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-821, iii, 131 p. :2 maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78821.","productDescription":"iii, 131 p. :2 maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faadd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fernandez, Mario","contributorId":100846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Mario","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55414,"text":"wdrLA782 - 1978 - Water resources data for Louisiana, water year 1978, volume 2. Southern Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T18:56:37.624178","indexId":"wdrLA782","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"LA-78-2","title":"Water resources data for Louisiana, water year 1978, volume 2. Southern Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1978 water year for Louisiana consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground water. This report, in three volumes, contains discharge records for 76 gaging stations; stage records for 66 of these gaging stations; stage only for 32 gaging stations; contents for 1 reservoir; stage only for 12 lakes; water quality for 147 stations; 22 of these at gaging stations;80 miscellaneous sites, 10 lakes, and 169 wells; and water levels for 686 observation wells. Also included are 199 crest-stage partial-record stations and flood-profile partial-record stations. Additional water-data were collected at various sites, not involved in the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. Records for a few pertinent stations in bordering States are also included in this report. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Louisiana.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrLA782","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development and with other State and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Water resources data for Louisiana, water year 1978, volume 2. 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648769","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warne, S. A.","contributorId":32206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warne","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10618,"text":"ofr78355 - 1978 - Hydrologic monitoring of waste-injection wells near Pensacola, Florida, March 1970 - December 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-17T21:37:50.853121","indexId":"ofr78355","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-355","title":"Hydrologic monitoring of waste-injection wells near Pensacola, Florida, March 1970 - December 1977","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents hydraulic and chemical data collected from March 1970 to December 1977 at a deep-well waste-injection system at the Monsanto Company's plant near Pensacola, Florida. The injection system presently consists of Injection Well A, Injection Well B, and two deep monitor wells all completed open hole in the lower limestone of the Floridan aquifer and one shallow monitor well completed in the upper limestone of the Floridan aquifer. The two deep monitor wells are used to observe hydraulic and geochemical effects of waste injection in the injection zone at locations 1.5 miles south-southeast and 1.9 miles north-northwest of the center of the injection site. The shallow monitor well, used to observe any effects in the first permeable zone above the 220-foot-thick confining bed, is 100 feet northeast of Injection Well A.</p><p>Since injection began in July 1963, about 14.2 billion gallons of acidic industrial waste consisting of an aqueous solution of nitric acid, inorganic salts, and numerous organic compounds have been injected into a limestone aquifer containing saline water. From July 1963 to April 1968, the pH of the waste was raised to about 5.5 with aqueous ammonia prior to injection. Since 1968, no aqueous ammonia has been added and the waste has been injected at a pH of about 2.3. Wellhead injection pressures at both injection wells in December 1977 averaged 170 pounds per square inch and the hydraulic pressure gradient was 0.52 pound per square inch per foot of depth to the top of the injection zone. Increases in pressures since 1970 at the north and south monitor wells ranged from 21 to 31 pounds per square inch. The pressure in the shallow monitor well declined about 6 pounds per square inch.</p><p>No changes were detected in the chemical characteristics of water from the shallow monitor and the north monitor wells. Since late 1973, concentrations of bicarbonate and dissolved organic carbon in water from the south monitor well have increased. These increases in bicarbonate and dissolved organic carbon have been accompanied by increases in gas content of water at the point of discharge from the well and a distinctive odor like that of the waste. In samples of water from the south monitor well, concentrations of nitrogen gas ranged from 5.1 to 12.7 milligrams per liter, methane from 24 to 70 milligrams per liter, and carbon dioxide from 14 to 56 milligrams per liter.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78355","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation","usgsCitation":"Pascale, C.A., and Martin, J., 1978, Hydrologic monitoring of waste-injection wells near Pensacola, Florida, March 1970 - December 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-355, v, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78355.","productDescription":"v, 78 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0355/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0355/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Pensacola","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.4352973536881,\n              30.602838004118823\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.4352973536881,\n              30.347295597488937\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.03446660204348,\n              30.347295597488937\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.03446660204348,\n              30.602838004118823\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.4352973536881,\n              30.602838004118823\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6065aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascale, Charles A.","contributorId":99978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascale","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, J.B.","contributorId":32923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":10003,"text":"ofr78438 - 1978 - Selected data from thermal-spring areas, southwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T22:44:26.668776","indexId":"ofr78438","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-438","title":"Selected data from thermal-spring areas, southwestern Montana","docAbstract":"<p>During 1975-77 the Montana district of the U.S. Geological Survey collected and assembled data describing the flow, temperature, and chemical characteristics of thermal and related waters. The work was part of an assessment of the geothermal resources of southwestern Montana, excluding Yellowstone Park. The purpose of this report is to present representative data from 24 thermal springs and 3 deep wells where water temperatures exceed 38°C (100°F).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78438","usgsCitation":"Leonard, R., Brosten, T.M., and Midtlyng, N.A., 1978, Selected data from thermal-spring areas, southwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-438, v, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78438.","productDescription":"v, 71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413059,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0438/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0438/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"southwestern Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.5305701130645,\n              46.95115677390058\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.5305701130645,\n              44.45354114928685\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.43088341514704,\n              44.45354114928685\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.43088341514704,\n              46.95115677390058\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.5305701130645,\n              46.95115677390058\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2f2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, Robert B.","contributorId":14407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brosten, Tordis M.","contributorId":72790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosten","given":"Tordis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Midtlyng, Norman A. nmidtlyn@usgs.gov","contributorId":4442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Midtlyng","given":"Norman","email":"nmidtlyn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":160656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28076,"text":"wri782 - 1978 - Interim report on streamflow, sediment discharge, and water quality in the Calabazas Creek Basin, Santa Clara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-15T10:11:50","indexId":"wri782","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-2","title":"Interim report on streamflow, sediment discharge, and water quality in the Calabazas Creek Basin, Santa Clara County, California","docAbstract":"Streamflow, sediment-discharge, and water-quality data are being collected in the Calabazas Creek basin, Santa Clara County, Calif., to determine annual water and sediment discharge at base-line conditions that are representative of a basin prior to urbanization. Results of the first 3 years of the study (1973-75) are given in this report. Climatic conditions during this period were representative of a very wet year (1973) and 2 years of above-average rainfall (1974 and 1975). Daily water and sediment discharge were monitored at three primary stations, and periodic measurements were made at five secondary stations during selected storms. Most of the total annual sediment discharge at each station was transported during a few days each year. Maximum daily sediment discharge in a given year ranged from 23 to 62 percent of the annual total. Daily water discharge at the gaging station Calabazas Creek at Rainbow Drive, near Cupertino, ranged from no flow to 3.31 cubic meters per second. Streamflow at this location was significantly augmented during low flow by diversion of water from the South Bay Aqueduct. Annual sediment discharge at Calabazas Creek at Rainbow Drive was 4,900 t in 1974 and 9,570 t in 1975. A large quantity of sediment was trapped in a debris basin at Comer Drive upstream from this station during both years. If this sediment had not been trapped, sediment discharge at the station would have been about 35 percent greater in 1974 and 30 percent greater in 1975. Most of the trapped sediment consists of sand and gravel that would probably have been deposited in the Calabazas Creek channel downstream from the station. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri782","usgsCitation":"Knott, J.M., Pederson, G., and Middelburg, R.F., 1978, Interim report on streamflow, sediment discharge, and water quality in the Calabazas Creek Basin, Santa Clara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-2, v, 41 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri782.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365504,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0002/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0002/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Clara County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.07733154296875,\n              37.05188914776302\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.47171020507811,\n              37.05188914776302\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.47171020507811,\n              37.41052799460727\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.07733154296875,\n              37.41052799460727\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.07733154296875,\n              37.05188914776302\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db6877c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knott, J. M.","contributorId":77909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pederson, G.L.","contributorId":90781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middelburg, Robert F.","contributorId":35360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middelburg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2786,"text":"wsp2051 - 1978 - Relation of urban land-use and land-surface characteristics to quantity and quality of storm runoff in two basins in California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11394,"text":"ofr77288 - 1977 - Relation of urban land-use and land-surface characteristics to quantity and quality of storm runoff in two basins in California","indexId":"ofr77288","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Relation of urban land-use and land-surface characteristics to quantity and quality of storm runoff in two basins in California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2786,"text":"wsp2051 - 1978 - Relation of urban land-use and land-surface characteristics to quantity and quality of storm runoff in two basins in California","indexId":"wsp2051","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Relation of urban land-use and land-surface characteristics to quantity and quality of storm runoff in two basins in California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"wsp2051","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2051","title":"Relation of urban land-use and land-surface characteristics to quantity and quality of storm runoff in two basins in California","docAbstract":"Two basins (Castro Valley Creek, in Alameda County, and Strong Ranch Slough, in Sacramento County) in the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region (Bay-Delta region) were sampled intensively (3-15 minute intervals) during three storms between October 1974 and April 1975. Both basins are primarily residential, but the Strong Ranch Slough basin is almost entirely urbanized and nearly flat, while the Castro Valley Creek basin possesses some rural areas and slopes greater than 70 percent in the headwaters. Water discharge and concentrations of suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, nitrite and nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total orthophosphorus, and settleable matter were usually greater at the Castro Valley Creek basin than at the Strong Ranch Slough basin. \r\n\r\nConcentrations of these constituents and water discharge changed more rapidly at the Castro Valley Creek basin than at the Strong Ranch Slough basin. Of the four subbasins sampled (two in each basin), constituent concentrations in runoff from a residential subbasin were usually greatest. \r\n\r\nQuantity and quality of runoff were related to environmental characteristics such as slope, perviousness, residential development and maintenance, and channel conditions. Greater water discharge and concentrations of constituents in the Castro Valley Creek basin seem to be partly due to steeper slopes, less perviousness, and smaller residential lot sizes than are in the Strong Ranch Slough basin. Erosion of steep slopes disturbed by grazing and residential development, poorly maintained dwellings and lots, and a mostly earthen drainage channel in the Castro Valley Creek basin are probably responsible for the greater concentrations of suspended solids and settleable matter in runoff from this basin. \r\n\r\nIn both basins, the highest observed concentrations of suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, settleable matter, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total orthophosphorus were observed at or near peak water discharges. Flow-weighted and arithmetic-mean concentrations of suspended solids in Castro Valley Creek exceed the arithmetic-mean concentration of suspended solids in medium-strength untreated sewage. These results indicate that control of urban storm runoff in the Bay-Delta region may be desirable to protect receiving water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2051","usgsCitation":"Sylvester, M.A., and Brown, W., 1978, Relation of urban land-use and land-surface characteristics to quantity and quality of storm runoff in two basins in California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2051, v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2051.","productDescription":"v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29261,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6349ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sylvester, Marc A.","contributorId":90706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sylvester","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, William M.","contributorId":83104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":10113,"text":"ofr7885 - 1978 - Floodflow analysis of Ninemile Creek, Onondaga County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T08:49:04","indexId":"ofr7885","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-85","title":"Floodflow analysis of Ninemile Creek, Onondaga County, New York","docAbstract":"A flood-stage and discharge analysis was made for a 3.61 mile reach of Ninemile Creek between Amboy and Camillus. Water-surface profiles were developed for 50-year, 100-year, and September 26, 1975 flood discharges at Camillus for four different channel conditions: (1) with four culverts at Camillus bypass and a bridge at County Road 36 (present conditions); (2) with only the culverts removed; (3) with only County Road 36 bridge removed; and (4) with the culverts and County Road 36 bridge removed (preconstruction conditions) The 50- and 100-year flood discharges at the Camillus gaging station were determined to be 4,700 and 5,500 cubic feet per second, respectively, and the September 1975 flood discharge was measured to be 2,120 cubic feet per second. If the four culverts are removed, peak water-surface elevations at the gaging station in Camillus during the 50- and 100-year flood would be decreased by 0.7 and 0.3 foot, respectively, relative to those calculated for present conditions. If only County Road 36 bridge is removed, water-surface elevations during the 50- and 100-year flood would be decreased by 0.2 and 0.3 foot, respectively. If both structures are removed, water-surface elevations during the 50- and 10--year floods would be decreased y 0.8 and 0.6 foot, respectively. None of the channel variations would have altered the water-surface elevation at the gage using the September 1975 flood discharge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","doi":"10.3133/ofr7885","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New York State Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lumia, R., and Dunn, B., 1978, Floodflow analysis of Ninemile Creek, Onondaga County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-85, iii, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7885.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287784,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0085/report.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Onondaga County","otherGeospatial":"Ninemile Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 76.3,43.0 ], [ 76.3,43.1 ], [ 76.2,43.1 ], [ 76.2,43.0 ], [ 76.3,43.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7292","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":160836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunn, Bernard","contributorId":61423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"Bernard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":10114,"text":"ofr78348 - 1978 - Supplementary hydraulic analysis of proposed bridge site on Mohawk River, Whitesboro, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-17T20:54:38.588458","indexId":"ofr78348","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-348","title":"Supplementary hydraulic analysis of proposed bridge site on Mohawk River, Whitesboro, New York","docAbstract":"<p>As a supplement to a 1975 report, titled \"Floodflow Characteristics at Proposed Bridge Site on Mohawk River, Whitesboro, New York,\" by Bernard Dunn (U.S. Geological. Survey open-file report), in which the hydraulic effects of two alternative highway plans during a large-magnitude flood were evaluated, a hydraulic analysis was made for a third highway plan. The two plans evaluated in the original report had been found by the State Department of Transportation to be infeasible. A design-flood discharge of 18,200 cubic feet per second was used in the new evaluation, as in the original report. The recurrence interval of that flood is approximately 100 years. The corresponding peak flood stage at the proposed bridge site was determined by the New York State Department of Transportation to be 411.8 feet.</p><p>During the design flood, the new proposed alternative would cause a 0.1-foot increase in water-surface elevation from the bridge to the approach section; 1,300 cubic feet per second would overflow the road north of the bridge and 6,800 cubic feet per second south of it. Discharge through the bridge would be 10,100 cubic feet per second.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78348","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New York State Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lumia, R., 1978, Supplementary hydraulic analysis of proposed bridge site on Mohawk River, Whitesboro, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-348, ii, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78348.","productDescription":"ii, 4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413182,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0348/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144591,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0348/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Whitesboro","otherGeospatial":"Mohawk River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.30662121855386,\n              43.13256739587925\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.30662121855386,\n              43.11202773792513\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.24896748030349,\n              43.11202773792513\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.24896748030349,\n              43.13256739587925\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.30662121855386,\n              43.13256739587925\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6972c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":160838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10116,"text":"ofr78289 - 1978 - Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10116,"text":"ofr78289 - 1978 - Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado","indexId":"ofr78289","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2181,"text":"wsp1532J - 1979 - Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado","indexId":"wsp1532J","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"chapter":"J","title":"Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2181,"text":"wsp1532J - 1979 - Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado","indexId":"wsp1532J","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-04T22:43:58.14812","indexId":"ofr78289","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-289","title":"Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Changes in runoff and sediment yield caused by changing sagebrush cover to grass cover were studied at four small watersheds in western Colorado during a 9-year period. Measurements of runoff and sediment yield from four watersheds were made for 3 years, at which time two watersheds were plowed and seeded to beardless bluebunch wheatgrass. The same measurements were then continued for an additional 6 years.</p><p>Measurements indicated that conversion to grass caused a reduction in runoff from summer rainstorms of about 75 percent. Runoff from spring snowmelt increased about 12 percent and annual runoff from treated watersheds decreased about 20 percent when compared to control watersheds. Sediment yield from the seeded watersheds was reduced by about 80 percent. Most of this reduction is related to the decrease in runoff from summer rainstorms.</p><p>The size of barren interspaces between plants was reduced on the converted watersheds to about 30 percent of those on the untreated watersheds. Linear regression analysis indicates that a reduction of 38 percent in the amount of bare soil resulting from planting grass would result in a decrease of 73 percent in sediment concentration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78289","programNote":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Lusby, G.C., 1978, Effects of converting sagebrush cover to grass on the hydrology of small watersheds at Boco Mountain, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-289, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78289.","productDescription":"93 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0289/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":427472,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0289/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Boco Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.71673587633927,\n              39.74533201092149\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.71673587633927,\n              39.70502272131293\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.64962205949902,\n              39.70502272131293\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.64962205949902,\n              39.74533201092149\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.71673587633927,\n              39.74533201092149\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615dcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lusby, Gregg C.","contributorId":68290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusby","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20762,"text":"ofr78176 - 1978 - Recent and projected changes in Dead Sea level and effects on mineral production from the sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-23T20:25:47.485204","indexId":"ofr78176","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-176","title":"Recent and projected changes in Dead Sea level and effects on mineral production from the sea","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic data for the Dead Sea area were reviewed to assess the probable magnitude and rate of change of the water level of the Dead Sea. Historical average annual Dead Sea levels range from a minimum of 399.4 meters below sea level in about 1818 to a maximum of 388.6 meters below in 1896. Present levels are rapidly approaching the historical low. There is a close correlation between Dead Sea level and accumulated departure from the mean of long-term rainfall except for the most recent period since 1964. During that period rainfall has been near the long-term average but water levels have continued to decline, in part due to abstractions for irrigation in the Jordan River basin.</p><p>The dissolved-solids concentration of Dead Sea water presently is approximately 322,000 milligrams per liter and is generally well mixed throughout. This concentration is at the saturation level, resulting in continuous precipitation of some salts. The increase in dissolved solids to the present high concentration has resulted in an evaporation rate less than that estimated in previous reports. Evaporation rate from the North Basin is estimated at 1,310 millimeters per year at present. The evaporation rate from the South Basin was not estimated due to extensive existing or planned modifications for mineral production facilities.</p><p>Water budget computations were performed at various inflow rates in order to project water-level changes for 50 years. Computations assumed closure of the South Basin by existing and proposed mineral extraction facilities. The projected 50-year changes ranged from a decline of 51 meters with no inflow from any sources to a rise of 10.2 meters when average annual inflow from the Jordan River was 750 cubic hectometers. An average annual inflow to the Sea of 900 cubic hectometers from all sources is required to stabilize the Sea at the present level. Principal impact of declining water levels on proposed potash production facilities in Jordan would be an increase in power requirements.</p><p>A cursory review of a proposed plan to divert water from the Mediterranean Sea into the Dead Sea to generate electric power and stabilize water levels indicates a very limited impact on chemical, physical, and ecological characteristics of the Dead Sea in the near future. Water-budget computations indicate that if all but 200 cubic hectometers of tributaries' waters were utilized for irrigation and other purposes, a maximum diversion of 700 cubic hectometers per year into the Dead Sea would be possible without significantly raising long-term average water levels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development","usgsCitation":"Sauer, S.P., 1978, Recent and projected changes in Dead Sea level and effects on mineral production from the sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-176, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78176.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407296,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0176/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0176/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel, Jordan, West Bank","otherGeospatial":"Dead Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              35.36773681640625,\n              30.954057859276126\n            ],\n            [\n              35.6011962890625,\n              30.954057859276126\n            ],\n            [\n              35.6011962890625,\n              31.826231907142883\n            ],\n            [\n              35.36773681640625,\n              31.826231907142883\n            ],\n            [\n              35.36773681640625,\n              30.954057859276126\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db6485a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, Stanley P.","contributorId":38966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22983,"text":"ofr78410 - 1978 - Hydrologic data for urban storm runoff from three localities in the Denver metropolitan area, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-28T15:37:29","indexId":"ofr78410","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-410","title":"Hydrologic data for urban storm runoff from three localities in the Denver metropolitan area, Colorado","docAbstract":"Urban storm-runoff data, collected from 1975 to 1977, on three catchment areas in the Denver, Colo., metropolitan area are presented. The catchment are predominantly a single-family residential catchment area in Littleton, a multifamily residential and commercial catchment area in Lakewood, and a high-density residential and commercial catchment area in Denver. Precipitation, rainfall-runoff, snowmelt-runoff, water-quality (common constituents, nutrients, biochemical oxygen demand, coliform bacteria, and solids, trace elements, and pesticides), and catchment-area data are necessary to use the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 's Storm Water Management Model II. The urban storm-runoff data may be used by planning, water-management, and environmental-protection agencies to assess the impact of urban storm runoff on the hydrologic system. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr78410","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ellis, S.R., 1978, Hydrologic data for urban storm runoff from three localities in the Denver metropolitan area, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-410, Report: vi, 135 p.; 3 Plates: 23.89 x 16.22 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78410.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 135 p.; 3 Plates: 23.89 x 16.22 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365231,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0410/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52372,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0410/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52373,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0410/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0410/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52374,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0410/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.3369140625,\n              39.52522954427751\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.61181640625,\n              39.52522954427751\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.61181640625,\n              39.9897471840457\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.3369140625,\n              39.9897471840457\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.3369140625,\n              39.52522954427751\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e901","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, Sherman R.","contributorId":41010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Sherman","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10004,"text":"ofr78199 - 1978 - Water-quality investigation near the Chico and Hunters geothermal lease-application areas, Park and Sweet Grass counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T21:11:17.391781","indexId":"ofr78199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-199","title":"Water-quality investigation near the Chico and Hunters geothermal lease-application areas, Park and Sweet Grass counties, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>Water quality in and adjacent to geothermal lease-application areas near Chico and Hunters Hot Springs was investigated during two surveys in October 1976 and April 1977. The resulting data were needed to evaluate the effects of proposed geothermal exploration and development on the Yellowstone River and its tributaries.</p><p>Waters from the two hot springs, the Yellowstone River, and its tributaries that drain the proposed lease areas are generally suitable for drinking, except for excessive concentrations of fluoride and hydrogen sulfide in waters from Hunters Hot Springs. The water from Chico Hot Springs is suitable for irrigation, but the water from Hunters Hot Springs presents a very high sodium and a medium salinity hazard and is generally unsatisfactory for irrigation.</p><p>The effect of the thermal waters on streamflow and chemical discharge of the Yellowstone River during the surveys was negligible and less than the accepted error of measurement. Production of higher volumes of more concentrated water can be expected to accompany testing and development of the geothermal resource.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78199","collaboration":"Prepared for the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Leonard, R., Shields, R.R., and Midtlyng, N.A., 1978, Water-quality investigation near the Chico and Hunters geothermal lease-application areas, Park and Sweet Grass counties, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-199, iii, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78199.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0199/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":407895,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0199/Report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Park County, Sweet Grass County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.28416666666666,45.333333333333336 ], [ -110.28416666666666,45.516666666666666 ], [ -109.75,45.516666666666666 ], [ -109.75,45.333333333333336 ], [ -110.28416666666666,45.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e553f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, Robert B.","contributorId":14407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shields, Ronald R.","contributorId":64655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shields","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Midtlyng, Norman A. nmidtlyn@usgs.gov","contributorId":4442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Midtlyng","given":"Norman","email":"nmidtlyn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":160659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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