Large low-grade ore bodies have been discovered in Copper Basin, and a large copper-mining operation is anticipated in the near future. Hydrologic data are being collected to provide the data base necessary to determine the effects of a potential mining operation on the water resources of the area. The area of potential depletion or contamination of water supplies is the 50-square-mile alluvial slope downgradient from Copper Basin. In the Copper Basin area the streams generally are dry, except for the perennial flow in a 3-mile-long reach of Kirkland Creek, where the base flow ranges from about 1 to 3 cubic feet per second.
The water in the alluvium, which is more than 1,000 feet thick in places, generally is under unconfined conditions. The direction of ground-water movement is generally southwesterly toward Skull Valley Wash and Kirkland Creek. The depth to water in wells ranges from less than 10 to 675 feet below the land surface. Near the center of the area, test wells penetrate a clay confining bed at the base of the alluvium and an underlying sequence of volcanic rocks, which is more than 1,000 feet thick and contains water under confined conditions.
Pump tests indicate that the confining bed forms a barrier between the water in the alluvium and the water in the volcanic rocks and that, initially, pumping from the volcanic rocks would not affect the water level in the alluvium. The areal extent of the volcanic sequence is not known.
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reconnaissance of the Yampa River during low flow, Dinosaur National Monument, northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"A hydrologic reconnaissance of a 74-kilometer reach of the Yampa River in Dinosaur National Monument was made during low flow in mid-August 1976. Stream discharge, which was measured along this reach every 16 to 24 kilometers, ranged from 9.4 to 10.6 cubic meters per second. Variations in streamflow were explained, in part, by underflow, loss to ground water, and evaporation. Specific conductance was measured about every 2 kilometers and indicated a downstream increase on the order of 11 to 12 percent for the reach. Except for mercury, bottom-sediment trace-element concentrations in the study reach were less than maximum concentrations determined during August-September 1976 for bottom sediments at unperturbed sites upstream in the Yampa River basin. At one of five sampling sites, the mercury concentration in bottom sediments exceeded the maximum measured upstream level.
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The contours represent the elevation of the top of the Floridan aquifer to mean sea level. Rock units recognized to be part of the Floridan aquifer are limestone and dolomite ranging from middle Eocene to early Miocene. They are Lake City Limestone, Avon Park Limestone, Ocala Limestone, Suwannee Limestone, and Tampa Limestone. In this report, the top of the Floridan aquifer is a limestone defined as the first consistent rock of early Miocene age or older below which occur no clay confining beds. Although the Hawthorn formation of middle Miocene is considered part of the Floridan aquifer when it is in direct hydrologic contact with lower lying rock units, it is not considered here because of a lack of detailed delineation of areas where contact exists. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri7834","usgsCitation":"Buono, A., and Rutledge, A.T., 1978, Configuration of the top of the Floridan aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management District and adjacent areas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-34, 1 map :col. ;84 x 63 cm. fold. in envelope 30 x 24 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7834.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;84 x 63 cm. fold. in envelope 30 x 24 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274552,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0034/plate-1.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a328f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buono, A.","contributorId":61034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buono","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutledge, A. T.","contributorId":38532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9427,"text":"ofr79272 - 1978 - Floods in the Skunk River basin, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T16:26:26","indexId":"ofr79272","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-272","title":"Floods in the Skunk River basin, Iowa","docAbstract":"Evaluation of flood hazards, and the planning, design, and operation of various facilities on flood plains require information on floods. This report provides information on flood stages and discharges, flood magnitudes and frequency, and flood profiles for the Skunk River and some of its tributaries. It covers the Skunk -- South Skunk Rivers to Ames, and the lower reaches of tributaries as flows: Squaw Creek, 8.2 miles; Indian Creek, 11.6 miles; North Skunk River, 83.2 miles; Cedar Creek, 55.8 miles; and Big Creek, 21.7 miles.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/ofr79272","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Highway Research Board Highway Division Iowa Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Heinitz, A.J., and Wiitala, S.W., 1978, Floods in the Skunk River basin, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-272, v, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79272.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr79272.JPG"},{"id":287800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0272/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Skunk River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.1370849609375,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -91.351318359375,\n 40.66813955408042\n ],\n [\n -91.768798828125,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -92.208251953125,\n 40.90936126702326\n ],\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 41.19105625669688\n ],\n [\n -93.087158203125,\n 41.37680856570233\n ],\n [\n -93.3782958984375,\n 41.52091689636249\n ],\n [\n -93.6199951171875,\n 41.623655390686395\n ],\n [\n -93.6419677734375,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -93.878173828125,\n 41.93088998442502\n ],\n [\n -93.9990234375,\n 42.17154633452751\n ],\n [\n -93.89465332031249,\n 42.334184385939416\n ],\n [\n -93.7188720703125,\n 42.459940352216556\n ],\n [\n -93.4771728515625,\n 42.45183466943919\n ],\n [\n -93.3837890625,\n 42.285437007491545\n ],\n [\n -93.306884765625,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -92.88940429687499,\n 41.79998325207397\n ],\n [\n -92.010498046875,\n 41.590796851056005\n ],\n [\n -91.71936035156249,\n 41.50446357504806\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 41.28606238749825\n ],\n [\n -91.4447021484375,\n 41.06692773019345\n ],\n [\n -91.4447021484375,\n 40.91766362458114\n ],\n [\n -91.2689208984375,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -91.1480712890625,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -91.1370849609375,\n 40.64730356252251\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b10a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinitz, Albert J.","contributorId":43355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinitz","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiitala, Sulo Werner","contributorId":20315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiitala","given":"Sulo","email":"","middleInitial":"Werner","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9414,"text":"ofr78905 - 1978 - Maps showing formation temperatures and configurations of the tops of the Minnelusa Formation and the Madison Limestone, Powder River basin, Wyoming, Montana, and adjacent areas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9414,"text":"ofr78905 - 1978 - Maps showing formation temperatures and configurations of the tops of the Minnelusa Formation and the Madison Limestone, Powder River basin, Wyoming, Montana, and adjacent areas","indexId":"ofr78905","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Maps showing formation temperatures and configurations of the tops of the Minnelusa Formation and the Madison Limestone, Powder River basin, Wyoming, Montana, and adjacent areas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":66151,"text":"i1159 - 1979 - Maps showing formation temperatures and configurations of the tops of the Minnelusa Formation and the Madison Limestone, Powder River basin, Wyoming, Montana, and adjacent areas","indexId":"i1159","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Maps showing formation temperatures and configurations of the tops of the Minnelusa Formation and the Madison Limestone, Powder River basin, Wyoming, Montana, and adjacent areas"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":66151,"text":"i1159 - 1979 - Maps showing formation temperatures and configurations of the tops of the Minnelusa Formation and the Madison Limestone, Powder River basin, Wyoming, Montana, and adjacent areas","indexId":"i1159","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Maps showing formation temperatures and configurations of the tops of the Minnelusa Formation and the Madison Limestone, Powder River basin, Wyoming, Montana, and adjacent areas"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:15","indexId":"ofr78905","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-905","title":"Maps showing formation temperatures and configurations of the tops of the Minnelusa Formation and the Madison Limestone, Powder River basin, Wyoming, Montana, and adjacent areas","docAbstract":"This report is part of a study to describe the hydrogeologic framework needed to evaluate the water resources of the Paleozoic age aquifers in the Northern Great Plains coal region. Preliminary studies by the U.S. Geological Survey and State agencies in Wyoming, Montana, and South Dakota have indicated that these aquifers might provide a significant percentage of the water requirements for coal development. Geologic and water-temperature data for the Minnelusa Formation of Permian and Pennsylvanian age and for the Madison Limestone (Group where it is subdivided) of Mississippian and locally late Devonian age , and their equivalents, were compiled and interpreted. Maps were produced showing the altitude and ground-water temperatures of the top of these formations. The altitude (configuration) maps show the depth and position of the formations throughout the area. Temperature maps can be used to calculate changes in the viscosity of water caused by large temperature differences. The viscosity differences will be useful in adjusting calculated transmissivity aquifer values (the rate at which water can be transmitted through an aquifer). (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78905","usgsCitation":"Head, W.J., Kilty, K.T., and Knottek, R.K., 1978, Maps showing formation temperatures and configurations of the tops of the Minnelusa Formation and the Madison Limestone, Powder River basin, Wyoming, Montana, and adjacent areas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-905, iv, 2 sheets, scale 1:1,000,000 (1 inch = about 16 miles) :5 maps (4 fold.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78905.","productDescription":"iv, 2 sheets, scale 1:1,000,000 (1 inch = about 16 miles) :5 maps (4 fold.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Head, William J.","contributorId":96686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilty, Kevin Thomas","contributorId":93489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilty","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knottek, Richard K.","contributorId":99975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knottek","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4127,"text":"cir774 - 1978 - Reconnaissance investigation of high-calcium marble in the Beaver Creek area, St. Lawrence County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"cir774","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"774","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of high-calcium marble in the Beaver Creek area, St. Lawrence County, New York","docAbstract":"Three belts of marble of the Grenville Series were mapped in the Beaver Creek drainage basin, St. Lawrence County, N.Y. One of these, on the west side of Beaver Creek, consists of coarsely crystalline pure calcitic marble that occurs in a zone at least 10 by 0.8 km in extent. Samples of marble show CaCO3 content to be greater than 93 percent, and some samples contain greater than 96 percent, and only small amounts of MgO and Fe203 are present. Marble in two other belts to the east of Beaver Creek are variable in composition, but locally have high content of calcium carbonate material. \r\n\r\nThe marble deposit west of Beaver Creek has a chemical composition favorable for specialized chemical, industrial, and metallurgical uses. Another favorable aspect of the deposit is its proximity to inexpensive water transportation on the St. Lawrence Seaway only 27.5 km away by road, at Ogdensburg, N.Y.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir774","usgsCitation":"Brown, C., 1978, Reconnaissance investigation of high-calcium marble in the Beaver Creek area, St. Lawrence County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 774, iii, 10 p. :maps ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir774.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p. :maps ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0774/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31234,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0774/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a63e4b07f02db636fc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. Ervin","contributorId":58616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C. Ervin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10704,"text":"ofr78294 - 1978 - Chemical quality of water in abandoned zinc mines in northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10704,"text":"ofr78294 - 1978 - Chemical quality of water in abandoned zinc mines in northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas","indexId":"ofr78294","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of water in abandoned zinc mines in northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70044398,"text":"70044398 - 1980 - Chemical quality of water in abandoned zinc mines in northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas","indexId":"70044398","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of water in abandoned zinc mines in northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70044398,"text":"70044398 - 1980 - Chemical quality of water in abandoned zinc mines in northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas","indexId":"70044398","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of water in abandoned zinc mines in northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-29T08:06:31","indexId":"ofr78294","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-294","title":"Chemical quality of water in abandoned zinc mines in northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas","docAbstract":"Onsite measurements of pH, specific conductance, and water temperature show that water temperatures in seven mine shafts in northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas is stratified. With increasing sampling depth, specific conductance and water temperature tend to increase, and pH tends to decrease. Concentrations of dissolved solids and chemical constituents in mine-shaft water, such as total, and dissolved metals and dissolved sulfate also increase with depth. The apparently unstable condition created by cooler, denser water overlying warmer, less-dense water is offset by the greater density of the lower water strata due to higher dissolved solids content.
Correlation analysis showed that several chemical constituents and properties of mine-shaft water, including dissolved solids, total hardness, and dissolved sulfate, calcium, magnesium, and lithium, are linearly related to specific conductance. None of the constituents or properties of mine-shaft water tested had a significant linear relationship to pH. However, when values of dissolved aluminum, zinc, and nickel were transformed to natural or Napierian logarithms, significant linear correlation to pH resulted.
During the course of the study - September 1975 to June 1977 - the water level in a well penetrating the mine workings rose at an average rate of 1.2 feet per month. Usually, the rate of water-level rise was greater than average after periods of relatively high rainfall, and lower than average during periods of relatively low rainfall.
Water in the mine shafts is unsuited for most uses without treatment. The inability of current domestic water treatment practices to remove high concentrations of toxic metals, such as cadmium and lead, precludes use of the water for a public supply.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78294","usgsCitation":"Playton, S.J., Davis, R.E., and McClaflin, R.G., 1978, Chemical quality of water in abandoned zinc mines in northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-294, x, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78294.","productDescription":"x, 67 p.","numberOfPages":"77","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346200,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0294/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0294/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-94.6175,37.3384],[-94.6187,37.0585],[-94.619,37],[-94.6196,36.7664],[-94.6187,36.6703],[-94.6187,36.6694],[-95.001,36.6723],[-95.0004,36.9518],[-95.0073,36.9539],[-95.0192,36.9566],[-95.0286,36.9641],[-95.0323,36.9706],[-95.0389,36.9758],[-95.0389,36.9772],[-95.0325,36.9783],[-95.0313,36.9792],[-95.0361,36.9866],[-95.0375,36.9916],[-95.0362,36.9957],[-95.0336,36.9986],[-95.0723,36.9987],[-95.0723,36.9994],[-95.0739,37.3417],[-94.6175,37.3384]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Cherokee\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Playton, Stephen J.","contributorId":87548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Playton","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Robert Ellis","contributorId":103249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Ellis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McClaflin, Roger G.","contributorId":50157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClaflin","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4074,"text":"cir777 - 1978 - A guide to obtaining information from the USGS 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"cir777","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"777","title":"A guide to obtaining information from the USGS 1978","docAbstract":"For almost 100 years, the USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) has served Federal, State, and local governments and the public by collecting, analyzing, and publishing detailed information about the Nation 's mineral, land, and water resources. This information is released in a variety of map, book, and other formats and is available for free distribution or for sale from sources both within and outside the USGS. This guide has been prepared to assist in obtaining these information products and to aid in locating both general and specific unpublished information within the USGS. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir777","usgsCitation":"Clarke, P.F., Hodgson, H.E., and North, G.W., 1978, A guide to obtaining information from the USGS 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 777, 42 p. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir777.","productDescription":"42 p. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0777/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31168,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0777/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae525","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, Paul F. (compiler)","contributorId":37726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"Paul","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgson, Helen E.","contributorId":48952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgson","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"North, Gary W.","contributorId":28587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"North","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":41956,"text":"ofr78761 - 1978 - Aeromagnetic map of north-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:05","indexId":"ofr78761","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-761","title":"Aeromagnetic map of north-central Florida","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr78761","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Aeromagnetic map of north-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-761, map ;78 x 102 cm. on sheet 93 x 128 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78761.","productDescription":"map ;78 x 102 cm. on sheet 93 x 128 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79718,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0761/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26740,"text":"wri78134 - 1978 - Land use, land cover, and drainage on the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula, Eastern North Carolina, 1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T17:19:29.617438","indexId":"wri78134","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-134","title":"Land use, land cover, and drainage on the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula, Eastern North Carolina, 1974","docAbstract":"A land use, land cover, and drainage map of the 2,000-square-mile Albermarle-Pamlico peninsula of eastern North Carolina has been prepared, at a scale of 1:125,000, as part of a larger study of the effects of large-scale land clearing on regional hydrology. The peninsula includes the most extensive area of wetland in North Carolina and one of the largest in the country. In recent years the pace of land clearing on the peninsula has accelerated as land is being converted from forest, swamp, and brushland to agricultural use. Conversion of swamps to intensive farming operations requires profound changes in the landscape. Vegetation is uprooted and burned and ditches and canals are dug to remove excess water. What is the impact of these changes on ground-water supplies and on the streams and surrounding coastal waters which receive the runoff This map will aid in answering these and similar questions that have arisen about the patterns of land use and the artificial drainage system that removes excess water from the land. By showing both land use and drainage, this map can be used to identify those areas where water-related problems may occur and help assess the nature and causes of these problems. The map covers the entire area east of the Suffolk Scarp, an area of about 2,000 square miles, for the year 1974 using data from 1974-76. Land use and land cover were compiled and modified from the U.S. Geological Survey 's Rocky Mount and Manteo LUDA maps. Additional information came from U.S. Geological Survey orthophotoquads, Landsat imagery, and field checking. Drainage was mapped from orthophotoquads, some field inspection, and 7-1/2 minute topographic quadrangle maps.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri78134","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development","usgsCitation":"Daniel, C., 1978, Land use, land cover, and drainage on the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula, Eastern North Carolina, 1974: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-134, 2 Plates: 47.94 x 30.89 inches and 47.90 x 31.02 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri78134.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 47.94 x 30.89 inches and 47.90 x 31.02 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0134/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":492647,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0134/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":492646,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0134/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":492648,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0134/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Albemarle-Pamplico Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.046875,\n 34.44315867450577\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n 36.57142382346277\n ],\n [\n -74.99267578125,\n 36.57142382346277\n ],\n [\n -74.99267578125,\n 34.44315867450577\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n 34.44315867450577\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniel, C.C.","contributorId":53427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20035,"text":"ofr78971 - 1978 - Summary of the water resources of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T13:03:54","indexId":"ofr78971","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-971","title":"Summary of the water resources of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) is the lead agency in the Federal Interagency Study of the Economy of Puerto Rico. At the request of DOC the U.S. Geological Survey is providing a discussion of the water resources of the island for inclusion in the study's section on macroeconomic assessment.
Two of the most important aspects of a water appraisal of an area are how much water is available for use and how good is the water. \"How much\" is often difficult even to estimate because a considerable amount of data is necessary in order to define the quantity. However, the quality of water is much easier to assess in that variability in the quality of water is not as great as in the quantity of water, and less data are required for equal assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78971","usgsCitation":"McCoy, H., 1978, Summary of the water resources of Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-971, iii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78971.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0971/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":357835,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0971/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto 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Aeroradioactivity map of Elizabethtown and vicinity, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:51","indexId":"ofr78759","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-759","title":"Aeroradioactivity map of Elizabethtown and vicinity, North Carolina","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr78759","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Aeroradioactivity map of Elizabethtown and vicinity, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-759, map ;62 x 65 cm. on sheet 93 x 85 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78759.","productDescription":"map ;62 x 65 cm. on sheet 93 x 85 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79373,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0759/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689ba7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68512,"text":"ha592 - 1978 - Backwater at bridges and densely wooded flood plains, Bogue Chitto near Summit, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T09:11:34","indexId":"ha592","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"592","title":"Backwater at bridges and densely wooded flood plains, Bogue Chitto near Summit, Mississippi","docAbstract":"New techniques for predicting water-surface profiles, needed in the design of economical, structurally sound, and environmentally compatible stream crossings, are under investigation. The investigation has accelerated with the advent of digital computers capable of analyzing large quatities of data. Among the techniques is the development of two-dimensional (2-D) digital models. Field data are essential for development and evaluation of these techniques for predicting water-surface profiles. This atlas is one of a series that provide a wide range of field data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ha592","usgsCitation":"Colson, B., Ming, C.O., and Arcement, G.J., 1978, Backwater at bridges and densely wooded flood plains, Bogue Chitto near Summit, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 592, 3 Plates: 43.80 x 43.67 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha592.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 43.80 x 43.67 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ha592.PNG"},{"id":327455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/592/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":327456,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/592/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":327457,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/592/plate-3.pdf"}],"scale":"800000","country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","city":"Summit","otherGeospatial":"Bogue Chitto","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.35963058471678,\n 31.283538899497486\n ],\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 31.272755598200142\n ],\n [\n -90.42340278625487,\n 31.311261726268274\n ],\n [\n -90.40846824645996,\n 31.323067120154334\n ],\n [\n -90.35963058471678,\n 31.283538899497486\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ad83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colson, B.E.","contributorId":71546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colson","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ming, C. O.","contributorId":9266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arcement, George J. garcemen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arcement","given":"George","email":"garcemen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":278365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":65886,"text":"i1123 - 1978 - Shaded relief map of the Mare Tyrrhenum Quadrangle of Mars","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":46357,"text":"ofr73338 - 1973 - Alas of Mars chart, Mare Tyrrhenum Quadrangle, MC-22","indexId":"ofr73338","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Alas of Mars chart, Mare Tyrrhenum Quadrangle, MC-22"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":65886,"text":"i1123 - 1978 - Shaded relief map of the Mare Tyrrhenum Quadrangle of Mars","indexId":"i1123","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Shaded relief map of the Mare Tyrrhenum Quadrangle of Mars"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:18","indexId":"i1123","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1123","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Shaded relief map of the Mare Tyrrhenum Quadrangle of Mars","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1123","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Shaded relief map of the Mare Tyrrhenum Quadrangle of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1123, 1 map ;38 x 54 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1123.","productDescription":"1 map ;38 x 54 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":260828,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1123/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"5000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697bdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3798,"text":"cir756 - 1978 - Collection, storage, retrieval, and publication of water-resources data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:41","indexId":"cir756","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"756","title":"Collection, storage, retrieval, and publication of water-resources data","docAbstract":"This publication represents a series of papers devoted to the subject of collection, storage, retrieval, and publication of hydrologic data. The papers were presented by members of the U.S. Geological Survey at the International Seminar on Organization and Operation of Hydrologic Services, Ottawa, Canada, July 15-16, 1976, sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization. The first paper, ' Standardization of Hydrologic Measurements, ' by George F. Smoot discusses the need for standardization of the methods and instruments used in measuring hydrologic data. The second paper, ' Use of Earth Satellites for Automation of Hydrologic Data Collection, ' by Richard W. Paulson discusses the use of inexpensive battery-operated radios to transmit realtime hydrologic data to earth satellites and back to ground receiving stations for computer processing. The third paper, ' Operation Hydrometeorological Data-Collection System for the Columbia River, ' by Nicholas A. Kallio discusses the operation of a complex water-management system for a large river basin utilizing the latest automatic telemetry and processing devices. The fourth paper, ' Storage and Retrieval of Water-Resources Data, ' by Charles R. Showen discusses the U.S. Geological Survey 's National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE) and its use in processing water resources data. The final paper, ' Publication of Water Resources Data, ' by S. M. Lang and C. B. Ham discusses the requirement for publication of water-resources data to meet the needs of a widespread audience and for archival purposes. (See W78-09324 thru W78-09328) (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir756","usgsCitation":"Showen, C.R., 1978, Collection, storage, retrieval, and publication of water-resources data: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 756, v, 39 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir756.","productDescription":"v, 39 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0756/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30868,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0756/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae89e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Showen, C. R. (compiler)","contributorId":27430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Showen","given":"C.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29175,"text":"wri797 - 1978 - A preliminary appraisal of the impact of agriculture on ground-water availability in southwest Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-17T21:12:44.134681","indexId":"wri797","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-7","title":"A preliminary appraisal of the impact of agriculture on ground-water availability in southwest Georgia","docAbstract":"Irrigated acreage in the study area in southwest Georgia increased from 130,000 acres in 1976 to 261,000 in 1977. Acreage irrigated entirely by ground water increased 85 percent for the same period. The largest quantity of ground water used for irrigation was in the Dougherty Plain district, where 92 percent of supplemental irrigation water comes from wells. In the Tifton Upland district, ground water is the source for only 16 percent of the irrigation water used. The major ground-water reservoir supplying the irrigation water is the principal artesian aquifer.
The Dougherty Plain, because of the gently rolling land surface and large fields, is suitable for the use of large self-propelled center-pivot irrigation systems requiring 1,200 to 1,500 gallons per minute. The installed pump capacity of the irrigation systems in the Dougherty Plain using ground water was 1.8 billion gallons per day in 1977. The total amount of water pumped for irrigation in the Dougherty Plain in 1977 was more than 42 billion gallons, 30 billion gallons more than in 1976. This quantity could be considerably higher in 1978 as preparations were being made to irrigate more than 214,000 acres during the 1978 growing season.
There were no concentrations of selected organic compounds or trace metals used in agricultural chemicals above the recommended limits for public consumption in water analyzed from 19 wells. However, concentrations of total nitrite plus nitrate ranged from 0.3 to 7.8 milligrams per liter in wells in the Dougherty Plain, and this could indicate that the downward percolation of water through sandy soils has carried soluble nitrate, a byproduct of fertilizer, into the ground-water reservoir.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri797","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Pollard, L., Grantham, R., and Blanchard, H., 1978, A preliminary appraisal of the impact of agriculture on ground-water availability in southwest Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-7, Report: v, 22 p.; 4 Plates: 35.12 x 28.88 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri797.","productDescription":"Report: v, 22 p.; 4 Plates: 35.12 x 28.88 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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It extends from Duluth to the Canadian border.
\nBoth maximum and minimum altitudes for Minnesota occur in the watershed; 2.301 ft (701 ) at Eagle Mountain, about 12 mi (19 km) northwest of Grand Marais, and 602 ft (184 m), the normal level of Lake Superior. Total relief is nearly 1,700 ft (518 m). The North Shore area (Duluth to the Canadian border) has a southeastward slope that is especially precipitous adjacent to Lake Superior.
\nConforming to this topography, the drainage includes a series of 17 southeastward-flowing streams averaging 23 mi (36 km) in length, with an average gradient from headwaters to mouth of about 57 ft/mi (10.8 m/km). The streams are deeply entrenched and characterized by swift flows, many rapids and waterfalls, and especially steep gradients in the 3 to 5 mi (4.8 to 8.0 km) before entering Lake Superior.
\nThe Pigeon River drains the extreme northern part of the watershed and forms the international border between the United States and Canada. More than half of the 610 mi2 (1580 km2) drainage basin of the Pigeon River lies in Canada.
\nThe Nemadji River and tributaries drain the Nemadji Basin, the southern detached part of the watershed. Topographically, the Nemadji Basin is roughly spoon shaped with maximum total relief in Minnesota of about 800 ft (244 m). More than half of the approximately 55-mi (88-km) long river flows northeastward through Wisconsin before reaching Lake Superior.
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Most of the water is of excellent quality. The analysis of water from one well on the Campo Reservation indicates a concentration of nitrate that exceeds the recommended limit established in 1972 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Most wells and springs in the study area yield water for domestic purposes. The yields range from less than 1 gallon per minute to 210 gallons per minute. Most of the water is produced from shallow aluvial-filled channels or from consolidated rocks that are deeply weathered locally or highly fractured. The well data show that insufficient water is available on the four reservations for large-scale irrigation. 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A Geological Survey step-backwater computer program, E431, was used in these analyses using: (1) Stream and valley cross-section geometry and roughness data; (2) Recurrence interval flood-peak discharges; (3) Recurrence interval starting elevations; (4) Gaging station stage-discharge relations. Flood heights may be plotted versus distance above stream mouth and connected to construct flood profiles. They may also be used to indicate areas of inundation on detailed topographic maps.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78263","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Aeromagnetic maps of Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles, Alaska, 1:63,360: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-263, 11 Plates: 30.00 × 41.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78263.","productDescription":"11 Plates: 30.00 × 41.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":98645,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0263/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":98644,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0263/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":98643,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0263/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":98642,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0263/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":98641,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0263/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396447,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14662.htm"},{"id":98647,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0263/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":98646,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0263/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":98640,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0263/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":98639,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0263/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":98638,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0263/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":98637,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0263/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.6011,\n 56\n ],\n [\n -156.333,\n 56\n ],\n [\n -156.333,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -160.6011,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -160.6011,\n 56\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689d2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}