Hydrologic investigations of urban watersheds in Texas were begun by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1954. These studies are now in progress in Austin, Dallas, Dallas County, Fort Worth, Houston, and San Antonio.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78437","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Dallas and the Dallas County Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Hampton, B., and Wood, C., 1978, Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Dallas, Texas metropolitan area, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-437, 163 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78437.","productDescription":"163 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":413067,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0437/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150775,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0437/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 32.01739159980399\n ],\n [\n -95.47119140625,\n 32.01739159980399\n ],\n [\n -95.47119140625,\n 33.696922692957685\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 33.696922692957685\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 32.01739159980399\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db607c95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, B.B.","contributorId":43362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, C.M.","contributorId":106454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20940,"text":"ofr77770 - 1978 - Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Fort Worth, Texas, metropolitan area, 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T12:57:38","indexId":"ofr77770","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-770","title":"Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Fort Worth, Texas, metropolitan area, 1976","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77770","usgsCitation":"Slade, R., and Taylor, J., 1978, Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Fort Worth, Texas, metropolitan area, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-770, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77770.","productDescription":"84 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db607c83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slade, R.M.","contributorId":84364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, J.M.","contributorId":42587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18353,"text":"ofr78331 - 1978 - Summary of U.S. Geological Survey investigations and hydrologic conditions in the Southwest Florida Water Management District for 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-13T16:07:50","indexId":"ofr78331","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-331","title":"Summary of U.S. Geological Survey investigations and hydrologic conditions in the Southwest Florida Water Management District for 1977","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the activities of the Southwest Florida Subdistrict of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division for fiscal year 1977. The organization and mission of the subdistrict office are described. The cooperative program for fiscal year 1977 included 41 interpretive investigations. Abstracts of twenty reports released by the subdistrict during 1977 and an extensive bibliography of reports released from 1933 to 1977 are included. The hydrologic setting of southwest Florida is outlined followed by discussions of surface-water, ground-water, and quality-of-water conditions. Hydrologic conditions in southwest Florida in 1977 are shown by the presentation of hydrographs from selected surface-water, ground-water, and lake-stage data collection sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tallahassee, FL","doi":"10.3133/ofr78331","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Buono, A., Causseaux, K., and Moore, J., 1978, Summary of U.S. Geological Survey investigations and hydrologic conditions in the Southwest Florida Water Management District for 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-331, v, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78331.","productDescription":"v, 88 p.","numberOfPages":"95","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0331/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279465,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0331/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.3752,26.8045 ], [ -83.3752,29.4396 ], [ -81.0791,29.4396 ], [ -81.0791,26.8045 ], [ -83.3752,26.8045 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6993fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buono, A.","contributorId":61034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buono","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Causseaux, K.W.","contributorId":7306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causseaux","given":"K.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, J.E.","contributorId":34927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":20708,"text":"ofr78935 - 1978 - Water level measurements in 52 shallow boreholes in the San Francisco Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:53","indexId":"ofr78935","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-935","title":"Water level measurements in 52 shallow boreholes in the San Francisco Bay region","docAbstract":"Water-level measurements have been read in 52 cased boreholes in the San Francisco bay region. These measurements are compared to water-table depths determined by P-wave velocity. A velocity in excess of 1200 m/s is taken as the depth of the upper surface of the water table. This method works best in saturated alluvium, and fails in dry rock because of P-wave velocities greater than 1200 m/s.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78935","usgsCitation":"Roth, E.F., 1978, Water level measurements in 52 shallow boreholes in the San Francisco Bay region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-935, ii, 94 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (97 p., 1 sheet - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78935.","productDescription":"ii, 94 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (97 p., 1 sheet - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0935/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50268,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0935/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50269,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0935/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4987e4b07f02db5af133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roth, Edward F.","contributorId":12481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18100,"text":"ofr78908 - 1978 - Quality of water and dye-dispersion characteristics in the Back Bay of Biloxi, Harrison County, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:15","indexId":"ofr78908","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-908","title":"Quality of water and dye-dispersion characteristics in the Back Bay of Biloxi, Harrison County, Mississippi","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78908","usgsCitation":"Bednar, G.A., 1978, Quality of water and dye-dispersion characteristics in the Back Bay of Biloxi, Harrison County, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-908, iv, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78908.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db65187b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bednar, Gene A.","contributorId":81881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bednar","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18203,"text":"ofr78239 - 1978 - Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Wyoming, fiscal year 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-09T10:18:08","indexId":"ofr78239","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-239","title":"Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Wyoming, fiscal year 1978","docAbstract":"This report contains lists of streamflow and reservoir stations, peak-flow partial-record stations, chemical-quality stations, sediment stations, and observation wells where water levels are measured in Wyoming. The locations of the basic-data sites are shown on maps. Thirty-two water-resources appraisal projects in Wyoming are also described, including many that are related to the development of energy resources. The general locations of the projects are shown on maps. The report serves as an annual progress report to cooperators and the public.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Cheyenne, WY","doi":"10.3133/ofr78239","usgsCitation":"Boner, F.C., 1978, Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Wyoming, fiscal year 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-239, v, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78239.","productDescription":"v, 106 p.","numberOfPages":"112","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":47568,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0239/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0239/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9c1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boner, F. C.","contributorId":32136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boner","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21771,"text":"ofr78576 - 1978 - Erosion, sediment discharge, and channel morphology in the Upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21771,"text":"ofr78576 - 1978 - Erosion, sediment discharge, and channel morphology in the Upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia","indexId":"ofr78576","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Erosion, sediment discharge, and channel morphology in the Upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":25020,"text":"pp1107 - 1980 - Erosion, sediment discharge, and channel morphology in the upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia, with a discussion of the contribution of suspended sediment to stream quality","indexId":"pp1107","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Erosion, sediment discharge, and channel morphology in the upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia, with a discussion of the contribution of suspended sediment to stream quality"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":25020,"text":"pp1107 - 1980 - Erosion, sediment discharge, and channel morphology in the upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia, with a discussion of the contribution of suspended sediment to stream quality","indexId":"pp1107","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Erosion, sediment discharge, and channel morphology in the upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia, with a discussion of the contribution of suspended sediment to stream quality"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T10:25:53","indexId":"ofr78576","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-576","title":"Erosion, sediment discharge, and channel morphology in the Upper Chattahoochee River basin, Georgia","docAbstract":"Average annual rates of sheet erosion and sediment discharge were computed for several watersheds in the Upper Chattahoochee River basin in Georgia. Erosion yields ranged from about 900 to 6,000 tons per year per square mile in nine watersheds and were greatest where land use is largely agricultural or transitional. Suspended sediment yields from the same watershed ranged from about 300 to 800 tons per year per square mile and were greatest from urban areas and least from mostly forested watersheds. The impact of suspended sediment on stream quality was evaluated for 14 watersheds. In general, 60 percent or more of the total annual discharge of trace metals and phosphorus was contributed by suspended sediment. Yields of trace metals and nutrients in suspension were consistently greater in urban watersheds. Turbidity in basin streams increased geometrically with increasing concentrations of suspended sediment. 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K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleckner, R.L.","contributorId":70744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleckner","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":17206,"text":"ofr77575 - 1978 - Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley, and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17206,"text":"ofr77575 - 1978 - Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley, and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas","indexId":"ofr77575","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley, and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047613,"text":"70047613 - 1980 - Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas","indexId":"70047613","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047613,"text":"70047613 - 1980 - Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas","indexId":"70047613","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T09:16:37","indexId":"ofr77575","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-575","title":"Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley, and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas","docAbstract":"From October 1971 through October 1974, the U.S. Geological Survey collected groundwater data in the basins in Texas west of the Pecos River drainage area and northwest of the Big Bend country. The basins included are, from east to west: The Presidio Bolson; the Salt Basin; Green River Valley, Eagle Flat, and Red Light Draw. The data collection program consisted of an inventory of all major irrigation, municipal-supply, and industrial wells; selected stock and domestic wells; and selected springs. Water samples were collected from representative wells and springs for chemical analyses. (Woodard-USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77575","usgsCitation":"White, D.E., Gates, J.S., Smith, J.T., and Fry, B., 1978, Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley, and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-575, iii, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77575.","productDescription":"iii, 120 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cf3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald Edward","contributorId":84731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gates, J. S.","contributorId":99553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Joe T.","contributorId":20697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fry, B.J.","contributorId":20343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fry","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":20271,"text":"ofr78959 - 1978 - Hydrologic information for land-use planning, Fairbanks vicinity, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-17T22:40:18.314429","indexId":"ofr78959","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-959","title":"Hydrologic information for land-use planning, Fairbanks vicinity, Alaska","docAbstract":"The flood plain on the Chena and Tanana Rivers near Fairbanks, Alaska, has abundant water in rivers and in an unconfined alluvial aquifer. The principal source of ground water is the Tanana River, from which ground water flows northwesterly to the Chena River. Transmissivity of the aquifer commonly exceed 100 ,000 sq ft. The shallow water table (less than 15 ft below land surface), high hydraulic conductivity of the sediments and cold soil give the flood plain a high susceptibility to pollution by onsite sewerage systems. The Environmental Protection Agency recommended maximum concentrations for drinking water may be exceeded in surface water for manganese and bacteria and in ground water for iron, manganese, and bacteria. Residents of the uplands obtain water principally from a widely-distributed fractured schist aquifer. The aquifer is recharged by local infiltration of precipitation and is drained by springs on the lower slopes and by ground-water flow to alluvial aquifers of the valleys. The annual base flow from basins in the uplands ranged from 3,000 to 100,000 gallons per acre; the smallest base flows occur in basins nearest the city of Fairbanks. The thick silt cover and great depth to the water table give much of the uplands a low susceptibility to pollution by onsite sewage disposal. Ground water is locally high in nitrate, arsenic, iron , and manganese. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78959","usgsCitation":"Nelson, G.L., 1978, Hydrologic information for land-use planning, Fairbanks vicinity, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-959, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78959.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94448,"rank":800,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/11192"},{"id":393068,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14970.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.326416015625,\n 64.73429692356085\n ],\n [\n -147.3211669921875,\n 64.73429692356085\n ],\n [\n -147.3211669921875,\n 65.00026079026213\n ],\n [\n -148.326416015625,\n 65.00026079026213\n ],\n [\n -148.326416015625,\n 64.73429692356085\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606a25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Gordon L.","contributorId":55443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18298,"text":"ofr78963 - 1978 - Floods of July 19-20, 1977 in the Johnstown area, western Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T11:57:22","indexId":"ofr78963","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-963","title":"Floods of July 19-20, 1977 in the Johnstown area, western Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Intense rainfall on the evening of July 19 and early morning hours of July 20, 1977, resulted in moderate to record flooding throughout much of an eight-county area of southwest Pennsylvania. In a 400-square-mile area directly north and east of Johnstown, rainfall totals of 6 to 12 inches were measured in a six to eight-hour period. Flood peaks having recurrence intervals greater than 100 years were recorded at several sites, primarily in the Conemaugh River basin. Runoff rates were as high as 2,390 cubic feet per second per square mile, in a 5.86-square-mile drainage area in the Little Conemaugh River basin. The Conemaugh River at Seward, which drains 715 square miles, had a peak discharge of 161 cubic feet per second per square mile. The flood waters claimed at least 78 lives and caused total losses in excess of $300 million. Also, seven earthfill dams, used mainly for water supply in the Johnstown area, failed. This report describes the storm and the associated flooding. A tabulation of peak gage heights and discharges for the July 1977 flood and for the maximum flood previously known is included for 57 sites. Data pertaining to the dams that failed are included also. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Harrisburg, PA","doi":"10.3133/ofr78963","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania.Department of Environmental Resources and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. Pittsburgh District","usgsCitation":"Brua, S.A., 1978, Floods of July 19-20, 1977 in the Johnstown area, western Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-963, viii, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78963.","productDescription":"viii, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"72","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0963/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279466,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0963/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Johnstown","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.02122497558594,\n 40.27350122374328\n ],\n [\n -78.80870819091797,\n 40.27350122374328\n ],\n [\n -78.80870819091797,\n 40.37427447537182\n ],\n [\n -79.02122497558594,\n 40.37427447537182\n ],\n [\n -79.02122497558594,\n 40.27350122374328\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfb74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brua, Stan A.","contributorId":58292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brua","given":"Stan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19185,"text":"ofr781004 - 1978 - An empirical equation with tables of smoothed solubilities of methane in water and aqueous sodium chloride solutions up to 25 weight percent, 360 degrees C, and 138 MPa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:30","indexId":"ofr781004","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1004","title":"An empirical equation with tables of smoothed solubilities of methane in water and aqueous sodium chloride solutions up to 25 weight percent, 360 degrees C, and 138 MPa","docAbstract":"The total pressure for the system H2O-CH 4 is given by p(total) = P(H2O,t) + exp10[log x(CH 4) - a - b x(CH4)], where P(H2O,t) is the vapor pressure of H2O liquid at the temperature t (?C) and x(CH 4) is the molal concentration of methane in the solution. The terms a and b are functions of temperature only. Where the total pressure and temperature are known, the concentration of methane, x(CH4), is found by iteration. The concentration of methane in a sodium chloride brine, y(CH4), is estimated using the function log y(CH4) = log x(CH4) - A I, where A is the salting out constant and I is the ionic strength. For sodium chloride solutions, the ionic strength is equal to the molality of the salt. The equations are valid to 360?C, 138 MPa, and 25 weight percent sodium chloride.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr781004","usgsCitation":"Haas, J., 1978, An empirical equation with tables of smoothed solubilities of methane in water and aqueous sodium chloride solutions up to 25 weight percent, 360 degrees C, and 138 MPa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1004, 42 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781004.","productDescription":"42 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48652,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684a7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haas, John L.","contributorId":30995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"John L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18311,"text":"ofr77800 - 1978 - Hydrologic data for Mountain Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T12:56:09","indexId":"ofr77800","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-800","title":"Hydrologic data for Mountain Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1976","docAbstract":"The total drainage area of Mountain Creek, Texas, is 304 sq mi. The stream-gaging stations on Mountain Creek near Cedar Hill and Walnut Creek near Mansfield provide hydrologic data to define runoff characteristics from small drainage basins. They also serve as index stations for inflow into the reservoir and provide operational data for the reservoir. In addition, the station Walnut Creek near Mansfield is equipped with a recording rain gage. The stage station near Duncanville provides data pertinent to operation of the gates in the Mountain Creek Lake Dam. The reservoir-content station at the dam provides records of reservoir state and contents. The stream-gaging station Mountain Creek at Grand Prairie provides records of outflow from Mountain Creek Lake and the basin. Basin outflow for the 1976 water year was 78,660 acre-feet which is only 1,140 acre-feet above the 16-year (1960-76) average of 77,520 acre-feet. Storage in Mountain Creek Lake showed a net gain of 760 acre-feet during the water year. Rainfall over the study area for the 1976 water year was about 32 inches, which is about 2 inches below the long-term mean rainfall (1960-75) for the area. (Woodard-USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77800","usgsCitation":"Buckner, H., 1978, Hydrologic data for Mountain Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-800, 20 leaves, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77800.","productDescription":"20 leaves","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ed18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckner, H.D.","contributorId":49783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckner","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19496,"text":"ofr78948 - 1978 - Hydrologic data for water-table aquifers in the Colorado Springs-Castle Rock area, Front Range Urban Corridor, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:29","indexId":"ofr78948","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-948","title":"Hydrologic data for water-table aquifers in the Colorado Springs-Castle Rock area, Front Range Urban Corridor, Colorado","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey 's investigations of the hydrology and geology in the Front Range Urban Corridor of Colorado, hydrologic data for water-table aquifers in the Colorado Springs--Castle Rock area were collected and compiled during 1976-77. These data, consisting of records for 157 wells and 47 springs and chemical analyses of water for 135 of the wells and all 47 springs, are presented in tabular form. The tables contain data that were collected during the investigation , data compiled from reports published by the Colorado Water Conservation Board, and unpublished data from the files of the U.S. Geological Survey. State and local officials in the Colorado Springs--Castle Rock area may find these data useful in planning for residential, commercials, and industrial development. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78948","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, E.C., and Hillier, D.E., 1978, Hydrologic data for water-table aquifers in the Colorado Springs-Castle Rock area, Front Range Urban Corridor, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-948, iv, 41 p. :maps ;28 cm.; (55 p., 1 sheet - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78948.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p. :maps ;28 cm.; (55 p., 1 sheet - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0948/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48958,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0948/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48959,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0948/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db6079ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, E. Carter","contributorId":28954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hillier, Donald E.","contributorId":105282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillier","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19487,"text":"ofr78883 - 1978 - Summary of hydrologic data collected during 1976 in Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:29","indexId":"ofr78883","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-883","title":"Summary of hydrologic data collected during 1976 in Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"During 1976 rainfall was 1.58 inches below the long-term average. Ground-water levels ranged from 0.4 foot above to 0.5 foot below average. The highest and lowest ground water for the year were both 1 foot below their long-term averages. In the Hialeah-Miami Springs area, water levels in wells near the centers of the heaviest pumping ranged from 8.0 to 9.5 feet below msl (mean sea level, 1929); and in the southwest well-field area, ground-water levels near the centers of pumping ranged from 2.0 feet above to 3.0 feet below msl. The combined average daily discharge from nine major streams and canals that flow eastward into tidal waters was 1,666 cubic feet per second (cfs), 609 cfs above the combined average daily flow for the 1975 water year. The combined average daily flow through the Tamiami Canal outlets was 783 cfs, 215 cfs above that of the 1975 water year. The 1976 position of the salt fron in the coastal part of the Biscayne aquifer was about the same as in 1975 except in the vicinity of Mowry Canal south of Homestead Air Force Base where the salt front had encroached farther inland. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78883","usgsCitation":"Hull, J.E., 1978, Summary of hydrologic data collected during 1976 in Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-883, vii, 111 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78883.","productDescription":"vii, 111 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69918a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hull, John E.","contributorId":15616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hull","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17894,"text":"ofr78436 - 1978 - Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Montana, October 1977 through September 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T22:49:15.915911","indexId":"ofr78436","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-436","title":"Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Montana, October 1977 through September 1978","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey was established as an agency in the Department of the Interior on March 3, 1879, 30 years to the day after establishment of the Department itself. The initial purpose of the Survey was to prepare a plan that would secure the best possible results at the least possible cost for surveying and mapping the Territories of the United States. One mission of the Geological Survey is to provide the hydrologic information and understanding needed for the optimum utilization and management of the Nation's water resources for the overall benefit of the people of the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78436","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Montana and other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Montana, October 1977 through September 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-436, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78436.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413069,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0436/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0436/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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the Pearl River, Byram to near Terry, Mississippi","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78909","usgsCitation":"Morris, F., 1978, Quality of water and time of travel in the Pearl River, Byram to near Terry, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-909, 44 p. (9 figures, 2 tables, 21 p. of text), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78909.","productDescription":"44 p. (9 figures, 2 tables, 21 p. of text)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651704","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris, Fred III","contributorId":103693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Fred","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19597,"text":"ofr78492 - 1978 - Effect of controlled land application of sludge on ground-water quality, Ocean County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-06T19:56:23.216259","indexId":"ofr78492","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-492","title":"Effect of controlled land application of sludge on ground-water quality, Ocean County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Percolation of contaminants from the controlled land application of domestic anaerobic digested liquid sludge has affected the quality of ground water in the highly permeable unconfined Miocene Cohansey Sand aquifer at Colliers Mills and Webbs Mill areas of the Pine Barrens region in Ocean County, New Jersey.
The sludge, containing five percent solids, was applied to three soil types, the Downer, Lakewood, and Woodmansie series, at rates of 10, 20, and 40 tons per acre (22.4, 44.8, and 89.6 metric tons per hectare) per year for the growing seasons 1973-75. Contaminant concentration reached a peak at the water table in a cyclic pattern in response to peak recharge from precipitation during the cool months from November to April. The nature and occurrence of the contaminated ground water, which is moving at estimated rates of 1.1 to 1.6 feet (0.33 to 0.48 m) per day at Colliers Mills and 0.62 to 0.69 feet (0.19 to 0.21 m) per day at Webbs Mill, has been identified by comparing changes in concentration and distribution, above background levels, of specific conductance, nitrate-nitrogen, and chloride.
Contamination of ground water has occurred under all plots receiving sludge application and the degree of contamination is generally directly related to the application rates. At the 40 ton per acre per year (89.6 metric ton per hectare per year) application rate the nitrate-nitrogen concentration increased from a background level of 2.4 milligrams per liter to a peak of 93.3 milligrams per liter at the Downer soil site, from 2.0 milligrams per liter to a peak of 98 milligrams per liter at the Lakewood soil site, and from 5.0 milligrams per liter to a peak of 54 milligrams per liter at the Woodmansie soil site. At the minimum application rate of 10 ton per acre per year (22.4 metric ton per hectare per year) the nitrate-nitrogen concentration increased from a background level of 2.4 milligrams per liter to 11.6 milligrams per liter at the Downer soil site, from 2.0 milligrams per liter to 10 milligrams per liter at the Lakewood soil sites and from 5.0 milligrams per liter to 38 milligrams per liter at the Woodmansie soil site.
Under continuous sludge application at these soil sites, the contaminant concentration in ground water is expected to increase in relative proportion to loading rates. Contamination will also continue after the cessation of sludge application as long as the residual layer contains excess quantities of soluble sludge constituents.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78492","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Rutgers University, Department of Environmental Science","usgsCitation":"Kam, W., 1978, Effect of controlled land application of sludge on ground-water quality, Ocean County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-492, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78492.","productDescription":"109 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426394,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0492/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152674,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0492/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Ocean County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.27515007181769,\n 40.121727383198134\n ],\n [\n -74.27515007181769,\n 39.69405552735796\n ],\n [\n -74.03893335543314,\n 39.69405552735796\n ],\n [\n -74.03893335543314,\n 40.121727383198134\n ],\n [\n -74.27515007181769,\n 40.121727383198134\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62570c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kam, William","contributorId":85159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kam","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20132,"text":"ofr78662 - 1978 - Analysis of urban storm-water quality for seven basins near Portland, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T09:24:04","indexId":"ofr78662","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-662","title":"Analysis of urban storm-water quality for seven basins near Portland, Oregon","docAbstract":"Over a 1.5-year period, water-quality data were collected for seven small drainage basins in urban aeas of Portland, Oreg. Analysis of the data followed three approaches. First, the constituent concentrations were analyzed. Average concentrations of suspended sediment, settleable solids, and fecal coliform bacteria generally exceeded levels expected for secondary waste-treatment plant effluent, whereas biochemical oxygen demand concentrations were lower than expected. The second analytical approach established correlations and bivariate regression relationships between constituents for individual storms in each basin, for all storms in each basin, and for all storms in all basins. Generally, correlation coefficients decreased when progressing from data for individual storms in each basin, to data for all storms in each basin, to data for all storms in all basins. In the third approach, storm yields for 10 constituents were related to basin and precipitation characteristics by use of multiple-linear-regression techniques. Storm yields for suspended sediment varied by about four orders of magnitude. Generally, results of the multiple-regression analysis indicated that variations in storm yields were highly dependent on precipitation characteristics, with total rainfall of the storm frequently explaining most of the variation of the dependent variable.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/ofr78662","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Columbia Region Association of Governments","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.L., and McKenzie, S.W., 1978, Analysis of urban storm-water quality for seven basins near Portland, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-662, vii, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78662.","productDescription":"vii, 81 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr78662.jpg"},{"id":324876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0662/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.84500122070311,\n 45.35407536661815\n ],\n [\n -122.84500122070311,\n 45.54675503088241\n ],\n [\n -122.46597290039062,\n 45.54675503088241\n ],\n [\n -122.46597290039062,\n 45.35407536661815\n ],\n [\n -122.84500122070311,\n 45.35407536661815\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ea2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Timothy L.","contributorId":9263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenzie, Stuart W.","contributorId":27841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19629,"text":"ofr77732 - 1978 - Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-17T20:01:27.763994","indexId":"ofr77732","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-732","title":"Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1976","docAbstract":"The U.S. Soil Conservation Service is actively engaged in the installation of flood- and soil-erosion reducing structures in Texas under the authority of \"The Flood Control Act of 1936 and 1944\" and Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act\" (Public Law 566), as amended. The Soil Conservation Service has found that approximately 3,500 floodwater-retarding structures would be physically and economically feasible in Texas. As of September 30, 1976, 1,673 (corrected figure) of these structures had been built.
This watershed-development program will have varying but important effects on surface- and ground-water resources of river basins, especially where a large number of the floodwater-retarding structures are built. Basic hydrologic data under natural and developed conditions are needed to appraise the effects of the structures on the yield and mode of occurrence of runoff.
During the period 1951-62, the U.S. Geological Survey began hydrologic investigations in 12 small watersheds (fig. 1). As of Sept. 30, 1976, data collection in ten of these study areas has been completed and is now in progress in the remaining two. These studies are being made in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, the Soil Conservation Service, the San Antonio River Authority, the city of Dallas, and the Tarrant County Control and Improvement District No. 1. The 12 study areas were chosen to sample watersheds having different rainfall, topography, geology, and soils. In five of the study areas (North, Little Elm, Mukewater, Little Pond-North Elm, and Pin Oak Creeks), streamflow and rainfall records were collected prior to construction of the floodwater-retarding structures, thus affording the opportunity for analyses of the conditions \"before and after\" development. A summary of the development of the floodwater-retarding structures in each study area as of Sept. 30, 1976, is shown in table 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77732","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Tarrant County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1, the Soil Conservation Service, and the Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Kidwell, C., 1978, Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-732, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77732.","productDescription":"42 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389447,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0732/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0732/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"North Creek, Trinity River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.42033386230469,\n 33.16801930648876\n ],\n [\n -98.250732421875,\n 33.16801930648876\n ],\n [\n -98.250732421875,\n 33.28519397154413\n ],\n [\n -98.42033386230469,\n 33.28519397154413\n ],\n [\n -98.42033386230469,\n 33.16801930648876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ed50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidwell, C.C.","contributorId":54998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidwell","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19689,"text":"ofr78824 - 1978 - Discharge data at water-quality monitoring stations in Arkansas, 1977 water year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T18:10:13.376097","indexId":"ofr78824","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-824","title":"Discharge data at water-quality monitoring stations in Arkansas, 1977 water year","docAbstract":"This is a brief summary of the objectives, accomplishments, and work plans of the cooperative program between the Arkansas Department of Pollution Control and Ecology and the U.S. Geological Survey.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aa86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knott, R.K.","contributorId":102484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20035,"text":"ofr78971 - 1978 - Summary of the water resources of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T13:03:54","indexId":"ofr78971","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-971","title":"Summary of the water resources of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) is the lead agency in the Federal Interagency Study of the Economy of Puerto Rico. At the request of DOC the U.S. Geological Survey is providing a discussion of the water resources of the island for inclusion in the study's section on macroeconomic assessment.
Two of the most important aspects of a water appraisal of an area are how much water is available for use and how good is the water. \"How much\" is often difficult even to estimate because a considerable amount of data is necessary in order to define the quantity. However, the quality of water is much easier to assess in that variability in the quality of water is not as great as in the quantity of water, and less data are required for equal assessment.
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basins, Portland, Oregon, and Vancouver, Washington, 1973-77","docAbstract":"In the Portland-Vancouver area, storms and floods are presently being studied in 16 basins with drainage areas ranging from 0.21 to 6.63 square miles and with various basin slopes, degrees of imperviousness, and mixes of land use. Fanno Creek basin in Portland has the longest period of rainfall-runoff record, starting in 1973; Tryon Creek basin in Portland is next with a record starting in 1974. Records in all other basins began in 1975. For each basin, data are tabulated for daily precipitation on a yearly basis and for 5-minute precipitation and 5-minute streamflow for selected storms.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/ofr78291","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., and Solin, G.L., 1978, Rainfall-runoff data for selected basins, Portland, Oregon, and Vancouver, Washington, 1973-77: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-291, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78291.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr78291.jpg"},{"id":324877,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0291/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.98988342285156,\n 45.34587189874767\n ],\n [\n -122.98988342285156,\n 45.714330373140186\n ],\n [\n -122.25723266601562,\n 45.714330373140186\n ],\n [\n -122.25723266601562,\n 45.34587189874767\n ],\n [\n -122.98988342285156,\n 45.34587189874767\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6495e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solin, Gary L. glsolin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solin","given":"Gary","email":"glsolin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":181424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19753,"text":"ofr78497 - 1978 - Water-quality data for the Village Creek Watershed, northeast Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-06T19:53:46.947294","indexId":"ofr78497","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-497","title":"Water-quality data for the Village Creek Watershed, northeast Arkansas","docAbstract":"The results of a 1-year study of surface-water quality in the Village Creek Watershed are presented to document conditions before implementation of Soil Conservation Service programs. Analysis of samples collected at six sites showed that most of the concentrations found are in the range to be expected of drainage from an intensely farmed watershed. Dissolved-oxygen values range from low to medium. Arsenic was found in quarterly samples of water and bottom materials at all sites. Traces of a wide range of insecticides were found in samples of bottom materials from all sampling sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78497","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Lamb, T., 1978, Water-quality data for the Village Creek Watershed, northeast Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-497, iii, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78497.","productDescription":"iii, 46 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426393,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0497/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154638,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0497/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Village Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.46966212500693,\n 36.49744485656214\n ],\n [\n -91.46966212500693,\n 35.37668453912562\n ],\n [\n -90.83245509375664,\n 35.37668453912562\n ],\n [\n -90.83245509375664,\n 36.49744485656214\n ],\n [\n -91.46966212500693,\n 36.49744485656214\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faa8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamb, T.E.","contributorId":58272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21446,"text":"ofr78230 - 1978 - Hydrologic data in Bear Creek Basin and western Jackson County, Oregon, 1976-77","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T10:40:32","indexId":"ofr78230","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-230","title":"Hydrologic data in Bear Creek Basin and western Jackson County, Oregon, 1976-77","docAbstract":"To determine irrigation return flow impacts on Meyer Creek and Griffin Creek, 12 sites were sampled prior to and during the irrigation season. Thirty-three sets of samples, consisting of irrigation inflow and outflow samples on farms, were collected to determine if the use of irrigation water was improving or degrading the water quality. One hundred fifty visits were made to tributaries and Bear Creek to collect and analyze samples to help isolate the source of water-quality problems. Three diel studies were made on six main-stem Bear Creek sites, two during and one after the irrigation season, to help identify main-stem water-quality problems. Rainfall and runoff data from five small basins as well as water-quality data from four of the basins were collected during storm events.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/ofr78230","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Rogue Valley Council of Governments, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, and the City of Medford","usgsCitation":"Wittenberg, L.A., and McKenzie, S.W., 1978, Hydrologic data in Bear Creek Basin and western Jackson County, Oregon, 1976-77: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-230, Report: v, 180 p.; Plate: 17.38 x 22.84 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78230.","productDescription":"Report: v, 180 p.; Plate: 17.38 x 22.84 inches","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr78230.JPG"},{"id":330298,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0230/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":330299,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0230/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Jackson County","city":"Medford","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.125,\n 42.46\n ],\n [\n -123.125,\n 42.405\n ],\n [\n -123.2,\n 42.405\n ],\n [\n -123.2,\n 42.46\n ],\n [\n -123.125,\n 42.46\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.983333,\n 42.466667\n ],\n [\n -122.666667,\n 42.466667\n ],\n [\n -122.666667,\n 42.191667\n ],\n [\n -122.758333,\n 42.191667\n ],\n [\n -122.758333,\n 42.21\n ],\n [\n -122.983333,\n 42.21\n ],\n [\n -122.983333,\n 42.466667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db6076d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wittenberg, Loren A.","contributorId":93914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittenberg","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenzie, Stuart W.","contributorId":27841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19783,"text":"ofr78391 - 1978 - The structure and stratigraphy of the Pen Argyl Member of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Berks counties, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:41","indexId":"ofr78391","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-391","title":"The structure and stratigraphy of the Pen Argyl Member of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Berks counties, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Pen Argyl Member, the upper claystone slate member of the Martinsburg Formation, was studied in three quadrangles in Lehigh and Berks Counties, Pennsylvania. Graptolites collected from the Pen Argyl Member at Lehigh Gap indicate a lower Upper Ordovician (Edenian-Maysvillian) age for the Pen Argyl Member. The Pen Argyl Member in this area is located on the normal limb and in the brow of the large, recumbent Musconetcong nappe. It is a deep water flysch deposit emplaced by turbidity currents from a southeasterly source. Sedimentologic and structural evidence show that the Pen Argyl member overlies the sandy middle Ramseyburg Member, thus supporting the tripartite subdivision of the Martinsburg Formation. \r\n\r\nField and thin section study indicates that the penetrative slaty cleavage formed in an indurated rock probably by pressure solution and neocrystallization under lower greenschist facies metamorphism. Strain-slip cleavage formed as a result of a stress couple operating parallel to the slaty cleavage that transposed the slaty cleavage into a more spaced cleavage. Both cleavages are believed to have formed within the same stress continuum and in close succession. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of the folds in the Pen Argyl Member indicate six phases of major and minor folding. The earliest folding, F1, resulted in the development of the recumbent nappe. F2 folds can only be determined statistically; these axes plunge either northeast or southwest Asymmetric folds, F3, and associated F4 crenulations formed within the same stress continuum. F5 folds are large open folds and are exemplified by the Mosservi!le anticline. Kink folds, F6 and associated crenulations are fault related and were the last folds to form. Faults in the Pen Argyl Member range from small displacements along slaty cleavage to large reverse faults. The largest of these, the Eckville fault, is recognized throughout the three quadrangle area. It is a high angle reverse fault that separates the Shochary sequence from the Pen Argyl member to the north. \r\n\r\nDetailed fabric analysis of the Pen Argyl Member indicates that (1) the strike of the slaty cleavage is consistent throughout the study area, (2) bedding strikes are undulose indicating that the rocks were folded prior to slaty cleavage development, (3) slaty cleavage-bedding intersections indicate an early northeast-southwest fold set and a later east-west trend of fold axes, and (4) slaty cleavage-strain-slip cleavage intersections indicate two periods of strain-slip cleavage development, the later period being fault related. \r\n\r\nSynthesis of field work and fabric data suggest that the Pen Argyl Member was deposited in the waning stages of flysch deposition during the Taconic orogeny. The nappe, F1, was formed at this time as a result of stress generated by plate convergence to the southeast. Further Taconian deformation of the normal limb of the nappe resulted in the northeast-southwest plunging F2 folds. Initial Alleghenian deformation resulted in the F3 asymmetric folds and slaty cleavage, S1. Later in the same stress continuum the F4 crenulations and strain-slip cleavage, S2, formed. Subsequently, F5 open folding occurred. Kink folds and crenulations, F6, and strain-slip cleavage, S3, formed in conjunction with late Alleghenian reverse faults such as the Eckville fault.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78391","usgsCitation":"Lash, G.G., 1978, The structure and stratigraphy of the Pen Argyl Member of the Martinsburg Formation in Lehigh and Berks counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-391, xi, 213 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (225 p., 7 sheets - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78391.","productDescription":"xi, 213 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (225 p., 7 sheets - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0391/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49252,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0391/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49253,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0391/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49254,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0391/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49255,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0391/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49256,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0391/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49257,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0391/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49258,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0391/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49259,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0391/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49260,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0391/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634d69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lash, Gary George","contributorId":45339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lash","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}